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Kebijakan Politik Gus Dur Sebagai Presiden Ri Ke-4 Terhadap Referendum Aceh

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Kebijakan Politik Gus Dur Sebagai Presiden Ri Ke-4 Terhadap Referendum Aceh KEBIJAKAN POLITIK GUS DUR SEBAGAI PRESIDEN RI KE-4 TERHADAP REFERENDUM ACEH Skripsi Diajukan kepada Fakultas Adab dan Humaniora untuk Memenuhi Persyaratan Memperoleh Gelar Sarjana Humaniora (S. Hum) Oleh Yastri Rustina NIM: 103022027529 Di Bawah Bimbingan Dr. Sudarnoto Abdul Hakim, M.A NIP: 150 240 083 PROGRAM STUDI SEJARAH DAN PERADABAN ISLAM FAKULTAS ADAB DAN HUMANIORA UNIVERSITAS ISLAM NEGERI SYARIF HIDAYATULLAH JAKARTA 1429 H. /2008 M. PENGESAHAN PANITIA UJIAN Skripsi berjudul Kebijakan Politik Gus Dur Sebagai Presiden RI ke-4 Terhadap Referendum Aceh telah diujikan dalam sidang munaqasyah Fakultas Adab dan Humaniora UIN Syarif Hidayatullah Jakarta pada tanggal 06 Juni 2008. Skripsi ini telah diterima sebagai salah satu syarat memperoleh gelar Sarjana Humaniora (S. Hum.) pada program Studi Sejarah dan Peradaban Islam. Jakarta, 06 Juni 2008 Sidang Munaqasyah Ketua Merangkap Anggota Sekretaris Merangkap Anggota Drs. H. M. Ma’ruf Misbah, M. A Usep Abdul Matin, S.Ag, M. A, M. A NIP: 150 247 010 NIP:150 288 391 Anggota Penguji, Pembimbing Dra. Hj. Tati Hartimah M. A Dr. Sudarnoto Abdul Hakim M. A NIP: 150 240 484 NIP: 150 240 083 KEBIJAKAN POLITIK GUS DUR SEBAGAI PRESIDEN RI KE-4 TERHADAP REFERENDUM ACEH Skripsi Diajukan Untuk Memenuhi Persyaratan memperoleh Gelar Sarjana Humaniora Oleh Yastri Rustina NIM: 103022027529 PROGRAM STUDI SEJARAH DAN PERADABAN ISLAM FAKULTAS ADAB DAN HUMANIORA UNIVERSITAS ISLAM NEGERI SYARIF HIDAYATULLAH JAKARTA 1429 H. /2008 M. LEMBAR PERNYATAAN Dengan ini saya menyatakan bahwa: 1. Skripsi ini merupakan hasil karya asli saya yang diajukan untuk memenuhi persyaratan memperoleh gelar Sarjana Strata Satu (S1) di Universitas Islam Negeri (UIN) Syarif Hidayatullah Jakarta. 2. Semua sumber yang saya gunakan dalam penulisan ini telah saya cantumkan sesuai dengan ketentuan yang berlaku di Universitas Islam Negeri (UIN) Syarif Hidayatullah Jakarta. 3. Jika kemudian hari terbukti bahwa karya ini bukan hasil karya saya atau merupakan hasil jiplakan dari karya orang lain, maka saya bersedia menerima sanksi yang berlaku di Universitas Islam Negeri Syarif Hidayatullah Jakarta. Jakarta, 06 Juni 2008 Yastri Rustina ABSTRAK Yastri Rustina Kebijakan Politik Gus Dur Sebagai Presiden RI Ke-4 Terhadap Referendum Aceh Kebijakan politik yang dikeluarkan oleh Presiden Gus Dur dalam menghadapi referendum Aceh adalah mengadakan dialog dengan masyarakat Aceh dengan damai. Tuntutan referendum dengan opsi merdeka tidak dapat dipenuhi oleh pemerintah karena persoalan Aceh masih bisa diatasi dengan cara lain salah satunya melalui dialog. Selain itu pula Presiden Gus Dur berhasil mengadakan perundingan dengan GAM yang dilakukan di Swiss dan menghasilkan adanya Jeda Kemanusiaan di Aceh. Pernyataan Gus Dur mengenai persetujuan dilaksanakannya referendum di Aceh bukanlah suatu kebijakan akan tetapi itu hanyalah pernyataan pribadi dari Presiden Gus Dur. Referendum Aceh merupakan tuntutan dari masyarakat Aceh dimana di dalamnya terdapat dua opsi pilihan yaitu berpisah dari Indonesia atau tetap bergabung. Referendum ini berawal dari kekecewaan masyarakat Aceh terhadap pemerintah pusat dari masa Soekarno sampai masa Orde Baru pimpinan Soeharto, dimana saat itu diberlakukannya Daerah Operasi Militer atau yang biasa disebut DOM. DOM diberlakukan untuk menumpas Gerakan-Gerakan Pengacau Keamanan akan tetapi pada prakteknya rakyat Aceh yang tidak bersalah menjadi korbannya. Referendum muncul dari demonstrasi para mahasiswa yang terinspirasi oleh peristiwa Timor Timur. Dalam perkembangannya mereka mendirikan Sentral Informasi Referendum Aceh yang kemudian mengadakan Sidang Umum Masyarakat Pejuang Referendum Aceh yang menghasilkan dua opsi yaitu merdeka atau tetap bergabung dengan Indonesia. Penelitian ini ingin mengetahui bagaimana kebijakan seorang presiden dalam hal ini Presiden Gus Dur menangani masalah referendum Aceh ini. Melalui berbagai sumber Presiden memang sempat mengemukakan bahwa ia setuju dengan adanya referendum di Aceh namun dalam referendum tersebut tidak ada opsi merdeka ia hanya menawarkan otonomi khusus ataupun otonomi istimewa. KATA PENGANTAR Bismillahhirahmanirrahim. Puji beserta syukur penulis panjatkan ke hadirat Allah SWT yang telah memberikan nikmat iman dan islam dan hanya dengan ridho dan inaya-Nya-lah sehingga penulis dapat menyelesaikan penulisan skripsi ini. Shalawat dan salam senantiasa terlimpah kepada Nabi Muhammad SAW dan seluruh keluarga, para sahabatnya serta para pengikutnya. Akhirnya dengan limpahan karunia-Nya, penulis dapat menyelesaikan skripsi ini dengan sebaik-baiknya. Berbagai kesulitan dan hambatan penulis temui dalam mencari sumber pustaka maupun wawancara, namun banyak pengalaman yang penulis dapat dari kesulitan dan hambatan tersebut. Alhamdulillah hal tersebut dapat teratasi berkat bimbingan dan bantuan dari berbagai pihak. Untuk itu dalam kesempatan ini, penulis ingin menyampaikan ungkapan terima kasih yang sedalam-dalamnya kepada: 1. Bapak Dr. Abdul Chair, MA, selaku Dekan Fakultas Adab dan Humaniora UIN Syarif Hidayatullah Jakarta sekaligus sebagai Dosen Pembimbing Akademik Jurusan Sejarah dan Peradaban Islam tahun angkatan 2003. 2. Bapak Drs. Ma’ruf Misbah, MA dan Bapak Usep Abdul Matin, MA, MA, selaku Ketua dan Sekertaris Jurusan Sejarah dan Peradaban Islam. 3. Bapak Dr. Sudarnoto Abdul Hakim M.A, selaku Dosen Pembimbing Skripsi yang telah memberikan pengarahan yang sangat berharga kepada penulis sampai tulisan ini selesai. 4. Bapak dan Ibu Dosen Fakultas Adab dan Humaniora UIN Syarif Hidayatullah Jakarta yang telah banyak memberikan bekal ilmu pengetahuan, semoga penulis dapat memanfaatkan dan mengamalkan dengan baik sesuai dengan syariat Islam serta berguna bagi agama, nusa dan bangsa. 5. Hormat dan bakti penulis yang tertinggi dan setulus-tulusnya kepada Bapak dan Ibu-ku Tercinta dan Tersayang yang selalu memberikan limpahan kasih sayang hingga penulis dapat menempuh pendidikan dengan sebaik-baiknya. Semoga Allah selalu melindungi dan memberikan limpahan rahmat dan kasih sayang-Nya kepada keduanya. Dan untuk keluarga besarku yang tercinta keberadaan kalian sangat berarti bagi penulis. 6. Bapak Dr. H Muchtar Aziz MA yang telah bersedia meluangkan waktu untuk diwawancarai oleh penulis sebagai sumber tulisan dalam menyelesaikan skripsi ini. 7. Untuk nene-neneku di SPI (Sulis, Ipunk, Babay, Nuril, Riza, Dena, Sinta, Rara) semoga persahabatan kita akan terus berlanjut tidak hanya sebatas masa kuliah. Sahabat-sahabatku yang tergabung dalam BFC (Nana, Kajol, Iep, Tila, Ratu, Icha, Iqoh, Umu, Moef) walaupun kita jauh namun kalian akan selalu tetap dekat di hatiku dan kepada semua teman-temanku yang tak bisa disebutkan satu-persatu kalian selalu memberi kesan tersendiri di hati penulis dan yang terakhir Aku Sayang Kalian. 8. Seluruh staf akademik di Fakultas Adab dan Humaniora UIN Jakarta yang telah banyak membantu memberikan pelayanan bagi penulis. Dan kepada semua pihak yang tidak dapat disebutkan satu-persatu yang telah turut membantu dalam proses penyelesaian skripsi ini, penulis hanya dapat berdoa semoga bantuan dari berbagai pihak dapat diterima sebagai amal shaleh dan mudah-mudahan mendapat balasan yang setimpal dari Allah SWT atas bantuan yang diberikan kepada penulis. Amin Ya Rabbal’alamin. Jakarta, 06 Juni 2008 Penulis DAFTAR ISI ABSTRAK ........................................................................................................... i KATA PENGANTAR......................................................................................... ii DAFTAR ISI v BAB I PENDAHULUAN A. Latar Belakang Masalah ............................................................... 1 B. Identifikasi, Pembatasan dan Perumusan Masalah ...................... 5 C. Tujuan dan Manfaat Penulisan .................................................... 6 D. Metodelogi Penelitian .................................................................. 7 E. Survei Pustaka............................................................................... 8 F. Sistematika Penulisan .................................................................. 10 BAB II BIOGRAFI GUS DUR A. Latar Belakang Keluarga dan Pendidikan........................................... 11 B. Prestasi dan Karya-Karya Tulis Gus Dur............................................ 15 a. Prestasi Gus Dur............................................................................ 15 b. Karya-Karya Tulis Gus Dur.......................................................... 18 C. Gus Dur Sebagai Presiden................................................................... 20 BAB III GAMBARAN UMUM ACEH A. Letak Geografi dan Demografi ........................................................... 28 B. Keadaan Sosial dan Budaya................................................................ 32 C. Perjalanan Politik Aceh Pasca Kemerdekaan ..................................... 39 BAB IV REFERENDUM ACEH A. Latar Belakang Munculnya Referendum Aceh................................... 49 B. Langkah Menuju Referendum Aceh ................................................... 57 C. Kebijakan politik Gus Dur Dalam Menghadapi Referendum Aceh ... 59 D. Implikasi dan Reaksi Dari Referendum Aceh..................................... 66 BAB V PENUTUP A. Kesimpulan ......................................................................................... 73 B. Saran ................................................................................................... 74 DAFTAR PUSTAKA .........................................................................................75 LAMPIRAN ........................................................................................................81
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