Version 31.5.2002 Heavily Modified Waters in Europe: A Case Study of Lake Kemijärvi, Finland Mika Marttunen Seppo Hellsten Finnish Environment Institute P.O.Box 140 FIN-00251 Helsinki, Finland tel. +358 9 40300, telefax +358 9 40300590 E-mail:
[email protected],
[email protected] Table of Contents page PART I 5 1 Preface [to be drafted by project managers] (1 page) 6 2 Summary Table 7 3 Introduction 8 3.1 Choice of Case Study 8 3.2 General Remarks 9 4 Description of Case Study Area 10 4.1 Geology, Topography and Hydrology 10 4.2 Socio-Economic Geography and Human Activities in the Catchment 10 4.3 Identification of Water Bodies 12 4.4 Discussion and Conclusions 14 PART II 17 5 Physical Alterations 18 5.1 Pressures and Uses 18 5.2 Physical Alterations 20 5.3 Changes in the Hydromorphological Characteristics of the Water Bodies and Assessment of Resulting Impacts 20 5.4 Discussion and Conclusions 25 6 Ecological Status 26 6.1 Biological Quality Elements 26 6.1.1 Macrophytes 27 6.1.2 Macroinvertebrates 30 6.1.3 Fishes 31 6.2 Physico-Chemical Elements 32 6.3 Definition of Current Ecological Status 32 6.4 Discussion and Conclusions 33 7 Identification and Designation of Water Bodies as Heavily Modified 35 7.1 Provisional designation 35 7.2 Necessary Hydromorphological Changes to Achieve Good Ecological Status 37 7.3 Assessment of Other Environmental Options 39 7.4 Designation of Heavily Modified Water Bodies 40 7.5 Discussion and Conclusions 42 8 Definition of Maximum Ecological Potential 44 8.1 Determining Maximum Ecological 44 8.2