Sanitation Market Research in Rural Cambodia
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4. Support MRD to develop necessary to improve demand creation Other recommendations 11. Support development of Sanitation market research in Main recommendations post-ODF guidelines approaches. Considering earlier successes, it is community-level sanitation legislation safe to conclude that the programme has been 10. Share learnings with MRD to The fi ndings from the rapid assessment support the fact that three mutual supportive ingredients Considering that Banteay Meas is expected to and enforcement rural Cambodia very effective in raising demand for sanitation support the development of the pro- need to be in place for households to be able to acquire, use and sustain improved sanitation be declared ODF soon, it is crucial that SNV Experience in a similar rural sanitation and facilities. However, considering the time it takes poor guidelines facilities: demand, fi nance and supply. The fi ndings also support the premise that the entire Cambodia continues to engage with the Ministry to increase sanitation coverage, this approach hygiene programme in Eastern Indonesia Rapid assessment of supply and demand in three sanitation service chain (capture, containment, emptying and transport, treatment, and safe disposal of Rural Development (MRD) to ensure the may not be adequate. Formative research on MRD is currently consulting with the sector to has shown that local legislation can be very rural districts or reuse) needs to be taken into consideration from the onset by any programme which has the district level learning is refl ected at the national sanitation uptake revealed a couple of persistent develop the national pro-poor support guidelines supportive in achieving sustained universal intention to increase access to improved environmentally safe sanitation. Recommendations specifi c level. One option would be to support the barriers which delay action. Future demand and the use of smart subsidies. The review of access to, and use of, improved sanitation and relevant to the actual situation in the districts are presented here: development of post-ODF guidelines with specifi c creation activities should therefore ensure that a the pro-poor support strategy and the results of, facilities. The programme should therefore attention to ensuring i) inclusion of measures sense of urgency is generated among villagers. and learning from, implementing the pro-poor explore whether it is possible to introduce similar designed to sustain behavioural change in support strategy in Banteay Meas should provide sanitation supportive legislation at commune- Demand Finance Supply ODF communes and districts; ii) inclusion Demand creation activities should focus on useful insight into what works at scale and will and possibly district-level in the three of approaches to upgrade basic sanitation ensuring that all households have access to, potentially contribute district based experiences SSH4A districts. Key ndings Genuine desire to acquire Availability of pro-poor Availability of affordable and use, an improved sanitation facility. When goods and services financing mechanisms goods and services facilities; and iii) inclusion of safe faecal sludge to the national guidelines. a proportion of households are still using management practices. • In general, the rural supply chains for unimproved sanitation facilities, an effort should sanitation products and services are well be made to motivate and support them to Recommendations for Chum Kiri established in the three districts. improve their existing toilets. Improved sanitation Safe faecal sludge management practices and Basedth 8. Improve product quality and pilot a • Uptake of toilets is showing steady progress 5. Review existing sanitation 1 quality assurance system but slows down drastically when the last mile Emptying & Safe disposal technologies is in sight. Capture Containment Treatment Transport or reuse To improve the quality of the concrete products It is a top priority to make sure that the correct SNV is a not-for-profi t international development organisation. Founded in the the programme should consider developing and toilet sub-structures are installed, which Netherlands nearly 50 years ago, we have built a long-term, local presence in 39 of • Rural households opt for high-end, rather introducing quality standards and a certifi cation Assessing supply and facilitate manual pit emptying, and to speed the poorest countries in Asia, Africa and Latin America. Our global team of local and expensive sanitation facilities. system for all (affi liated) concrete producers. up toilet uptake by poorer households as too international advisors works with local partners to equip communities, businesses This should be done in consultation with MRD demand for sanitation Environmentally safe sanitation many households prefer to wait till they have and organisations with the tools, knowledge and connections they need to increase • The preferred types of toilet facilities are and other WASH programmes such as iDE and enough resources to construct their “dream their incomes and gain access to basic services – empowering them to break the unaffordable for most if not all of the WaterSHED. Programme staff, sub-national MRD products and services toilet”. The existing informed choice catalogue cycle of poverty and guide their own development. poorer households. staff and concrete producers should be trained needs to be reviewed to ensure that it provides on the application of the new quality For more information visit http://www.snv.org/sector/water-sanitation-hygiene Cambodia has the lowest sanitation coverage • Raising awareness among toilet adopters adequate alternative (and more affordable) • Knowledge on appropriate and affordable Recommendations for assurance system. in the region, and it is reported that, as a Banteay Meas and local authorities on the potential dangers technology options. The review and subsequent toilets is low among consumers and result, over 6,600 children die each year from associated with faecal sludge and increasing modifi cations should address the Additional recommendations are: sanitation entrepreneurs. diarrhoeal diseases.2 Although there is still a knowledge on safe practices following issues: long way to go, Cambodia ranked third among 1. Create a better understanding of the IRC is an international think-and-do tank that works with governments, NGOs, • Work with the most successful (and largest) • Existing pit confi gurations – two pits linked in 16 countries that reduced open defecation rates last mile businesses and people around the world to fi nd long-term solutions to the global • Developing practical guidelines for the safe • Designs and quality of construction should concrete producers series – do not facilitate current manual pit by at least 25 per cent from 94% in 1990 to crisis in water, sanitation and hygiene services. At the heart of its mission is the Although Banteay Meas is heading towards emptying and transportation as well as the ensure that improved toilets are put in place emptying practices. 69% in 2015.3 aim to move from short-term interventions to sustainable water, sanitation and becoming the fi rst district in Cambodia that will safe disposal or reuse of pit contents. • Provide tailored capacity building support to be declared ODF, this does not mean that every hygiene services. With over 40 years of experience, IRC runs programmes in The rapid uptake of appropriate and adequate • Alternative pit confi gurations need to be enhance the capacity of concrete producers more than 25 countries and large-scale projects in 7 focus countries in Africa, sanitation facilities that keep the environment household has a toilet. Regular demand creation 3. Continue action research on introduced to facilitate easy and safe pit Sustainable Sanitation and Hygiene for All activities work up to a certain point but more Asia and Latin America. It is supported by a team of over 100 staff across free from human faecal contamination depends alternative safe faecal sludge emptying by toilet owners • Support concrete producers to diversify their (SSH4A) is SNV’s comprehensive approach needs to be done to ensure that the remaining the world. on the right mix of demand, fi nance and management practices product- and business portfolio to ensuring equitable and sustainable supply. Only when people have access to unserved population is reached. A quick For more information visit www.ircwash.org The action research should focus primarily on • Alternative but acceptable superstructures access to improved sanitation and hygiene knowledge, skills, means, materials and so forth assessment to analyse the current situation need to be introduced that allow customers household practices as professional pit emptying • Avoid introducing fi xed prices. for those who need it most. Developed to construct, maintain and, where necessary, would help to determine what programme to customise the shelter according to their providers are unlikely to become an affordable since 2008 in Asia with IRC, the SSH4A upgrade their toilet facilities will they be in a interventions need to be modifi ed to ensure fi nancial means and aesthetic preferences 9. Review the existing pro-poor This research brief was written by Erick Baetings, IRC Senior Sanitation Expert universal access to sanitation facilities. alternative in the short term. Issues that are to approach is now implemented by SNV in position to sustainably change their support strategy on the basis of a report prepared by IRC and SNV Cambodia: Sanitation market