DOCSLIB.ORG

Kingdom of Denmark Strategy for the Arctic 2011– 2020

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text

Load more

Denmark, Greenland and the Faroe Islands: Kingdom of Denmark Strategy for the Arctic 2011– 2020 Photo.: Per Arnesen Denmark, Greenland and the Faroe Islands: Kingdom of Denmark Strategy for the Arctic 2011– 2020 Kingdom of Denmark Strategy for the Arctic 2011–2020 5 Table of content PREFACE 7 1. INTRODUCTION 9 1.1. A region is opening up 9 1.2. Joint strategy for the Arctic 10 2. A PEACEFUL, SECURE AND SAFE ARCTIC 13 2.1. Basis for peaceful cooperation with emphasis on the UN’s Convention on the Law of the Sea 13 2.2. Enhanced maritime safety 16 2.3. Exercising of sovereignty and surveillance 20 3. SELF-SUSTAINING GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT 23 3.1. High standards for the exploitation of mineral resources 24 3.2 Exploitation of renewable energy potential 30 3.3. Sustainable exploitation of living resources 31 3.4. Stronger integration in international trade 33 3.5. Knowledge-based growth and development 35 3.6. Arctic cooperation on health and social coherence 40 4. DEVELOPMENT WITH RESPECT FOR THE ARCTIc’s VULNERABLE CLIMATE, ENVIRONMENT AND NATURE 43 4.1. Improved understanding of the consequences of climate change in the Arctic 43 4.2. Protecting the environment and biodiversity 45 5. CLOSE COOPERATION WITH OUR INTERNATIONAL PARTNERS 49 5.1. Global solutions to global challenges 49 5.2. Enhanced regional cooperation 52 5.3. Bilateral safeguarding of the Kingdom´s interests 54 6. IMPLEMENTATION AND FOLLOW-UP 57 Kingdom of Denmark Strategy for the Arctic 2011–2020 7 Preface The Kingdom of Denmark is centrally It is our common objective that the Arctic The Kingdom is already a vigorous and located in the Arctic. The three parts of and its current potential must be devel- important actor in the strategically vital the Realm – Denmark, Greenland and the oped to promote sustainable growth and international cooperation on the future of Faroe Islands – share a number of values social sustainability. This development the Arctic and in that connection attaches and interests and all have a responsibil- must take place firstly to the benefit of the great importance to creating transparency ity in and for the Arctic region. The Arctic inhabitants of the Arctic and go hand in in and understanding for cooperation. makes up an essential part of the com- hand in safeguarding the Arctic’s environ- mon cultural heritage, and is home to part ment. In the Kingdom’s strategy for the Arctic of the Kingdom’s population. 2011- 2020, the Government, the Govern- With new opportunities come new chal- ment of the Faroes and the Government The Kingdom and its populations have lenges. The Arctic has to be managed in- of Greenland have set out the most impor- over several hundred years developed ternationally on the basis of international tant opportunities and challenges as we modern and sustainable societies based principles of law to ensure a peaceful, see them today and in the near future. On on democratic principles. The develop- secure and collaborative Arctic. that basis we have defined our common ment has affected all sectors of society - political objectives for the Arctic. from education, health and research to the The purpose of this strategy is, on the environment, trade and shipping. At the basis of an already strong engagement in We will – through close cooperation in the same time, huge and sweeping changes the Arctic, to reinforce the foundation Kingdom and with our international part- are taking place today in the Arctic. Due to for appropriate cooperation on the many ners - work towards the common overall climate change and technological develop- new opportunities and challenges that goal of creating a peaceful, prosperous and ments, vast economic potential is becom- the Arctic is facing. sustainable future for the Arctic. ing more accessible. For the Government of Denmark For the Government of the Faroes For the Government of Greenland Lene Espersen Kaj Leo Holm Johannesen Kuupik Kleist Photo: Silje Bergum Kinsten / norden.org Kingdom of Denmark Strategy for the Arctic 2011–2020 9 1. Introduction 1.1. A REGION especially change the basis of the Arctic through the Suez Canal. Furthermore, cli- IS OPENING UP inhabitants’ lifestyles and the indigenous mate change could provide access to new One of the most significant global issues Arctic peoples’ culture. Moreover, the har- fishing grounds in the Arctic where rising over the past 10 years is the vast changes vesting of living resources plays a pivotal sea temperatures can pull fisheries to- in the Arctic region. The world has again role in the Arctic, and changes for example wards the North. Commercial opportunities turned its attention to the Arctic, this time in fish stock productivity and distribution in the Arctic are enormous, not least for the mainly because of the climate effects in is of great importance to the economy. Greenland, Faroese and Danish industries, the Arctic, the economic potential of the Glaciers in the Arctic and the Greenland ice which to a great extent already possess the region, and the geopolitical implications sheet increasingly contribute to the global skills that will be far more in demand with of changes in the Arctic. The political, eco- rise in sea levels, and changes and dynam- the development of the Arctic region. nomic and social development is already ics in Arctic systems are crucial to global underway, including the flourishing of climate trends. Thus, they are of particular Overall we can expect a multi-faceted advanced democratic societies, and the significance for the adaptation to climate boom in activities in the Arctic over the future of the Arctic will be radically differ- change on a global scale and thereby also coming decades. New opportunities and ent from the reality we know today. for the entire Kingdom. Increased eco- challenges must be handled proactively nomic activity and renewed geopolitical - with care, with long-term accountability Warming in the Arctic is occurring faster interest in the Arctic results in a number of and with respect for the Arctic societies, than anywhere else on the planet, and the key challenges to ensuring a stable, peace- the rights of Arctic indigenous peoples, the average temperature in the Arctic has sur- ful and secure region characterized by dia- passed all previous measurements in the logue, negotiation and cooperation. first decade of the 21st century. Sea ice has FACTS ABOUT THE ARCTIC been shrinking, and the melting of Green- Climate change and technological develop- land’s ice sheet and other Arctic ice caps ments are also opening new possibilities for The Arctic covers more than a sixth of will contribute more and more to the rise in the Arctic. Among them is increased access the Earth’s total land mass plus the global sea levels. Climate change has major to the exploitation of oil, gas and minerals, Arctic Ocean which the Arctic coastal implications for the global, regional and lo- but also new shipping routes which can states border. Unlike Antarctica, which cal climatic and environmental conditions reduce costs and CO2 emissions by freight also has relatively low temperatures and requires decisive global action. between the continents. It is estimated year round, the Arctic region is popu- that the Arctic may contain up to 30% of lated by people, including more than The Arctic and the global community are the world’s undiscovered gas resources and 30 different indigenous peoples such presented with both new challenges and about 10% of undiscovered oil resources, as the Inuit who originate from the new opportunities. and that ships sailing between East Asia Thule culture. The Arctic has a unique and Western Europe could save more than wildlife, largely associated with the Climate change poses new challenges to 40% in transportation time and fuel costs sea, including marine mammals such the peoples of the Arctic and puts pressure by navigating the northern sea lanes north as seals, whales and walruses. on the natural environment. Warming will of Siberia rather than the southern route 10 Kingdom of Denmark Strategy for the Arctic 2011–2020 Arctic climate and the environment. The authorities. The Kingdom thus comprises management, climate policy, environmen- basis for the future of the Arctic is being significant political diversity and also ac- tal policy and preservation of its cultural created now, and the Kingdom must play a commodates cultural differences. heritage is a model of inspiration for many key role in the future international coopera- of the world’s indigenous peoples. This tion that lies ahead. The Kingdom’s Arctic strategy intends situation constitutes an essential element no change in the power-sharing that ex- in the Kingdom’s international efforts to ists between Denmark, the Faroe Islands promote indigenous rights and aspirations. 1.2. JOINT STRATEGY and Greenland, including responsibility for Denmark and Greenland will continue FOR THE ARCTIC policy areas taken over and their funding. constructive cooperation to strengthen The Kingdom consists of three parts - Den- Regardless of these individual distinctions, indigenous peoples’ rights to control their mark, the Faroe Islands and Greenland the Kingdom has a common interest in own development and their own political, - and, by virtue of Greenland, is centrally addressing the challenges and utilising economic, social and cultural situation. located as a coastal state in the Arctic. the opportunities arising from the Arctic This involves specific rights and obliga- region’s rapidly changing conditions and It is a central goal of Greenland, the Faroe tions in the region. Today, both the Faroe growing interest from the world. One of the Islands and Denmark that decisions re- Islands and Greenland have extensive self- areas Greenland has taken over is mineral garding management and utilisation of re- government and the division of legislative resources.
Recommended publications
  • The Political Economy of Fiscal Adjustments in the European Union

    The Political Economy of Fiscal Adjustments in the European Union

    Instituto Juan March Centro de Estudios Avanzados en Ciencias Sociales (CEACS) Juan March Institute Center for Advanced Study in the Social Sciences (CEACS) The Political economy of fiscal adjustments in the European Union Author(s): Mulas-Granados, Carlos Year: 2003 Type Thesis (doctoral) University: Instituto Juan March de Estudios e Investigaciones, Centro de Estudios Avanzados en Ciencias Sociales, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 2003. City: Madrid Number of pages: xii, 396 p. Abstract: Desde un enfoque de economía política esta tesis da respuesta a las tres siguientes preguntas: 1) ¿Qué factores económicos y políticos explican que los ajustes fiscales ocurran en un determinado momento; 2) ¿Qué factores explican las diferencias observadas en diferentes países europeos relativas a la duración y la composición de sus estrategias de consolidación presupuestaria?; 3) ¿Qué consecuencias económicas y políticas tiene la aplicación de unas u otras estrategias de ajuste fiscal? La metodología aplicada para la resolución de estas cuestiones combina en un modelo teórico de economía política presupuestaria las interacciones entre variables económicas (deuda, ciclo, condiciones monetarias, nivel de precios y empleo) y variables políticas (fragmentación de los gobiernos, ideología económica y cercanía de las elecciones). Las hipótesis del modelo son comprobadas empíricamente con técnicas cuantitativas y cualitativas con datos de panel y estudios de caso, para la muestra de quince países miembros de la Unión Europea entre 1960–2000. Las principales conclusiones de la tesis son las siguientes: la acumulación de deuda pública y el ciclo económico afectan a la probabilidad de lanzar un ajuste fiscal, mientras que la fragmentación del gobierno y el calendario electoral son variables que afectan de manera más importante a la duración de esos ajustes.
  • The Regional Distribution of Zeolites in the Basalts of the Faroe Islands and the Significance of Zeolites As Palaeo- Temperature Indicators

    The Regional Distribution of Zeolites in the Basalts of the Faroe Islands and the Significance of Zeolites As Palaeo- Temperature Indicators

    The regional distribution of zeolites in the basalts of the Faroe Islands and the significance of zeolites as palaeo- temperature indicators Ole Jørgensen The first maps of the regional distribution of zeolites in the Palaeogene basalt plateau of the Faroe Islands are presented. The zeolite zones (thomsonite-chabazite, analcite, mesolite, stilbite-heulandite, laumontite) continue below sea level and reach a depth of 2200 m in the Lopra-1/1A well. Below this level, a high temperature zone occurs characterised by prehnite and pumpellyite. The stilbite-heulan- dite zone is the dominant mineral zone on the northern island, Vágar, the analcite and mesolite zones are the dominant ones on the southern islands of Sandoy and Suðuroy and the thomsonite-chabazite zone is dominant on the two northeastern islands of Viðoy and Borðoy. It is estimated that zeolitisa- tion of the basalts took place at temperatures between about 40°C and 230°C. Palaeogeothermal gradients are estimated to have been 66 ± 9°C/km in the lower basalt formation of the Lopra area of Suðuroy, the southernmost island, 63 ± 8°C/km in the middle basalt formation on the northernmost island of Vágar and 56 ± 7°C/km in the upper basalt formation on the central island of Sandoy. A linear extrapolation of the gradient from the Lopra area places the palaeosurface of the basalt plateau near to the top of the lower basalt formation. On Vágar, the palaeosurface was somewhere between 1700 m and 2020 m above the lower formation while the palaeosurface on Sandoy was between 1550 m and 1924 m above the base of the upper formation.
  • 15 AY2019 Rasmussen.Pdf

    15 AY2019 Rasmussen.Pdf

    Roskilde University The desecuritization of Greenland’s security? How the Greenlandic self-government envision post-independence national defense and security policy Rasmussen, Rasmus Kjærgaard Published in: Arctic Yearbook Publication date: 2019 Document Version Publisher's PDF, also known as Version of record Citation for published version (APA): Rasmussen, R. K. (2019). The desecuritization of Greenland’s security? How the Greenlandic self-government envision post-independence national defense and security policy . Arctic Yearbook, 2019, 287-304. https://arcticyearbook.com/images/yearbook/2019/Scholarly-Papers/15_AY2019_Rasmussen.pdf General rights Copyright and moral rights for the publications made accessible in the public portal are retained by the authors and/or other copyright owners and it is a condition of accessing publications that users recognise and abide by the legal requirements associated with these rights. • Users may download and print one copy of any publication from the public portal for the purpose of private study or research. • You may not further distribute the material or use it for any profit-making activity or commercial gain. • You may freely distribute the URL identifying the publication in the public portal. Take down policy If you believe that this document breaches copyright please contact [email protected] providing details, and we will remove access to the work immediately and investigate your claim. Download date: 03. Oct. 2021 The desecuritization of Greenland’s security? How the Greenlandic self-government envision post- independence national defense and security policy Rasmus Kjærgaard Rasmussen President Trump’s “offer” to purchase Greenland has placed the country at the heart of world affairs and great power rivalry in the Arctic.
  • Imperializing Norden

    Imperializing Norden

    Neumann, Iver B. Imperializing Norden Article (Accepted version) (Refereed) Original citation: Neumann, Iver B. (2014) Imperializing Norden. Cooperation and Conflict, 49 (1). pp. 119-129. ISSN 0010-8367 DOI: 10.1177/0010836714520745 © 2014 by Nordic International Studies Association, SAGE Publications This version available at: http://eprints.lse.ac.uk/56565/ Available in LSE Research Online: April 2016 LSE has developed LSE Research Online so that users may access research output of the School. Copyright © and Moral Rights for the papers on this site are retained by the individual authors and/or other copyright owners. Users may download and/or print one copy of any article(s) in LSE Research Online to facilitate their private study or for non-commercial research. You may not engage in further distribution of the material or use it for any profit-making activities or any commercial gain. You may freely distribute the URL (http://eprints.lse.ac.uk) of the LSE Research Online website. This document is the author’s final accepted version of the journal article. There may be differences between this version and the published version. You are advised to consult the publisher’s version if you wish to cite from it. Imperializing Norden.1 Cooperation and Conflict 49 (1): 119-129 (2014) Epilogue for a special issue on Post-Imperial Sovereignty Games in Norden Iver B. Neumann, [email protected] Abstract The two pre-Napoleonic Nordic polities are best understood as empires. Drawing on recent analytical and historical scholarship on empires, I argue that 17th and 18th-century Denmark, on which the piece concentrates, was very much akin to other European empires that existed at the time.
  • Appeal to the Greenlandic and Danish Governments Not to Abolish the Uranium Zero Tolerance Policy in the Danish Realm 1

    Appeal to the Greenlandic and Danish Governments Not to Abolish the Uranium Zero Tolerance Policy in the Danish Realm 1

    Appeal to the Greenlandic and Danish governments not to abolish 1 the uranium zero tolerance policy in the Danish realm Nuuk and Copenhagen, 26 April 2013 The following statement has been signed by 48 NGOs The newly elected Greenlandic government and the Danish government have given notice that they intend to abolish the uranium zero tolerance policy which has been in effect in the Danish realm for twenty-five years and was carried unanimously in the Greenlandic parliament. Hence, there could be several uranium mining projects underway in Greenland in the near future. The mining project in Kuannersuit at Narsaq in Southern Greenland could alone make Greenland the fifth largest uranium exporter in the world. In addition, there are uranium deposits at Illorsuit, Puissattaq, Ivittuut and Motzfeldt Lake in Southern Greenland, Sarfartoq, Nassuttooq, Qaqqaarsuk and Attu in Western Greenland and Randbøldal and Milne Land in Eastern Greenland, and there might be deposits that have not yet been discovered. WE APPEAL to the Greenlandic and the Danish governments not to abolish the uranium zero tolerance policy, because uranium mining could contaminate the vulnerable Arctic environment and lead to nuclear proliferation. WE APPEAL to the Greenlandic and the Danish governments to prevent the combination of rare earth elements and uranium mining and to work proactively to promote renewable energies and energy efficiency in the Danish realm, the European Union and the rest of the world. WE ALSO APPEAL to the Greenlandic and the Danish governments to discourage nuclear proliferation and promote global nuclear disarmament. THE REASONS FOR OUR APPEAL ARE THE FOLLOWING: In addition to substantial chemical pollution from sulphuric acid, uranium mining leaves behind millions of tonnes of tailings containing radioactive materials.
  • Towards the Kalmar Union

    Towards the Kalmar Union

    S P E C I A L I Z E D A G E N C I E S TOWARDS THE KALMAR UNION Dear Delegates, Welcome to the 31st Annual North American Model United Nations 2016 at the University of Toronto! On behalf of all of the staff at NAMUN, we welcome you to the Specialized Agency branch of the conference. I, and the rest of the committee staff are thrilled to have you be a delegate in Scandinavia during the High Middle Ages, taking on this challenging yet fascinating topic on the futures of the three Scandinavian Kingdoms in a time of despair, poverty, dependence and competitiveness. This will truly be a new committee experience, as you must really delve into the history of these Kingdoms and figure out how to cooperate with each other without sending everyone into their demise. To begin, in the Towards the Kalmar Union Specialized Agency, delegates will represent influential characters from Denmark, Norway and Sweden, which include prominent knights, monarchs, nobles, and important religious figures who dominate the political, military and economic scenes of their respective Kingdoms. The impending issues that will be discussed at the meeting in Kalmar, Sweden include the future of the Danish and Norwegian crowns after the death of the sole heir to the thrones, Olaf II. Here, two distant relatives to Valdemar IV have a claim to the throne and delegates will need to decide who will succeed to the throne. The second order of business is to discuss the growing German presence in Sweden, especially in major economic cities.
  • Love, Faith and Spirituality in Von Trier's Breaking the Waves

    Love, Faith and Spirituality in Von Trier's Breaking the Waves

    Journal of Religion & Film Volume 15 Issue 1 April 2011 Article 8 April 2011 In the Kingdom of Men: Love, Faith and Spirituality in von Trier's Breaking the Waves Ingrid Fernandez Stanford University, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.unomaha.edu/jrf Recommended Citation Fernandez, Ingrid (2011) "In the Kingdom of Men: Love, Faith and Spirituality in von Trier's Breaking the Waves," Journal of Religion & Film: Vol. 15 : Iss. 1 , Article 8. Available at: https://digitalcommons.unomaha.edu/jrf/vol15/iss1/8 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by DigitalCommons@UNO. It has been accepted for inclusion in Journal of Religion & Film by an authorized editor of DigitalCommons@UNO. For more information, please contact [email protected]. In the Kingdom of Men: Love, Faith and Spirituality in von Trier's Breaking the Waves Abstract Rehabilitating Lars von Trier: The power of von Trier’s Breaking the Waves lies exactly in its irreducibility to a fixed interpretation. The director reconceptualizes the themes of spiritual devotion, faith and love in an unorthodox tale of the human struggle to find meaning and purpose in the world. The character of Bess allows us to penetrate into the innermost regions of the mind and affirms a humanistic approach to our relationship to ourselves and others. Von Trier places an individual’s actions as a form of development, a gesture towards transcendence that nonetheless exists within the mixture of banality and profundity that constitutes the world of man. This article is available in Journal of Religion & Film: https://digitalcommons.unomaha.edu/jrf/vol15/iss1/8 Fernandez: In the Kingdom of Men Introduction Lars von Trier’s Breaking the Waves has raised multiple issues and a considerable amount of controversy since its release in 1996.
  • Faroe Islands and Greenland 2008

    Faroe Islands and Greenland 2008

    N O R D I C M E D I A T R E N D S 10 Media and Communication Statistics Faroe Islands and Greenland 2008 Compiled by Ragnar Karlsson NORDICOM UNIVERSITY OF GOTHENBURG 2008 NORDICOM’s activities are based on broad and extensive network of contacts and collaboration with members of the research community, media companies, politicians, regulators, teachers, librarians, and so forth, around the world. The activities at Nordicom are characterized by three main working areas. Media and Communication Research Findings in the Nordic Countries Nordicom publishes a Nordic journal, Nordicom Information, and an English language journal, Nordicom Review (refereed), as well as anthologies and other reports in both Nordic and English langu- ages. Different research databases concerning, among other things, scientific literature and ongoing research are updated continuously and are available on the Internet. Nordicom has the character of a hub of Nordic cooperation in media research. Making Nordic research in the field of mass communication and media studies known to colleagues and others outside the region, and weaving and supporting networks of collaboration between the Nordic research communities and colleagues abroad are two prime facets of the Nordicom work. The documentation services are based on work performed in national documentation centres at- tached to the universities in Aarhus, Denmark; Tampere, Finland; Reykjavik, Iceland; Bergen, Norway; and Göteborg, Sweden. Trends and Developments in the Media Sectors in the Nordic Countries Nordicom compiles and collates media statistics for the whole of the Nordic region. The statistics, to- gether with qualified analyses, are published in the series, Nordic Media Trends, and on the homepage.
  • Natural Resources in the Nanortalik District

    Natural Resources in the Nanortalik District

    National Environmental Research Institute Ministry of the Environment Natural resources in the Nanortalik district An interview study on fishing, hunting and tourism in the area around the Nalunaq gold project NERI Technical Report No. 384 National Environmental Research Institute Ministry of the Environment Natural resources in the Nanortalik district An interview study on fishing, hunting and tourism in the area around the Nalunaq gold project NERI Technical Report No. 384 2001 Christain M. Glahder Department of Arctic Environment Data sheet Title: Natural resources in the Nanortalik district Subtitle: An interview study on fishing, hunting and tourism in the area around the Nalunaq gold project. Arktisk Miljø – Arctic Environment. Author: Christian M. Glahder Department: Department of Arctic Environment Serial title and no.: NERI Technical Report No. 384 Publisher: Ministry of Environment National Environmental Research Institute URL: http://www.dmu.dk Date of publication: December 2001 Referee: Peter Aastrup Greenlandic summary: Hans Kristian Olsen Photos & Figures: Christian M. Glahder Please cite as: Glahder, C. M. 2001. Natural resources in the Nanortalik district. An interview study on fishing, hunting and tourism in the area around the Nalunaq gold project. Na- tional Environmental Research Institute, Technical Report No. 384: 81 pp. Reproduction is permitted, provided the source is explicitly acknowledged. Abstract: The interview study was performed in the Nanortalik municipality, South Green- land, during March-April 2001. It is a part of an environmental baseline study done in relation to the Nalunaq gold project. 23 fishermen, hunters and others gave infor- mation on 11 fish species, Snow crap, Deep-sea prawn, five seal species, Polar bear, Minke whale and two bird species; moreover on gathering of mussels, seaweed etc., sheep farms, tourist localities and areas for recreation.
  • Nordics - Alberta Relations

    Nordics - Alberta Relations

    Nordics - Alberta Relations This map is a generalized illustration only and is not intended to be used for reference purposes. The representation of political boundaries does not necessarily reflect the position of the Government of Alberta on international issues of recognition, sovereignty or jurisdiction. PROFILE NORDICS OVERVIEW . Danish, Norwegian and Swedish are the working languages of official Nordic co- Capital: Copenhagen (Nordic Council and . The Nordic countries are a geographical and operation. Council of Ministers Headquarters) cultural region in Northern Europe and the Northern Atlantic and include Denmark, Population: 26.7 million (2016) TRADE AND INVESTMENT Finland, Iceland, Norway and Sweden, plus Languages: Danish, Faroese, Finnish, the associated territories of Greenland, the . The Nordic region is the world’s eleventh Greenlandic, Icelandic, Norwegian, Sami and Faroe Islands and the Åland Islands. largest economy. Swedish . The Nordic Council is a geo-political inter- . From 2012 to 2016, Alberta’s goods exports to Secretary-General of the Nordic Council: Britt parliamentary forum for co-operation between the Nordics averaged CAD $98.1 million per Bohlin Olsson (since 2014) the Nordic countries. It consists of 87 year. Top exports included machinery (CAD $31.6 million), nickel (CAD $12.5 million), President of the Nordic Council: Britt Lundberg representatives, elected from its members’ (elected for the year of 2017) parliaments. plastic (CAD $11.3 million), and food waste and animal feed (CAD $10.8 million). The Vice President of the Nordic Council: Juho . Denmark, Finland, Iceland, Norway and export figures do not include trade in services Eerola (elected for the year of 2017) Sweden have been full members of the Nordic (e.g.
  • COASTAL WONDERS of NORWAY, the FAROE ISLANDS and ICELAND Current Route: Oslo, Norway to Reykjavik, Iceland

    COASTAL WONDERS of NORWAY, the FAROE ISLANDS and ICELAND Current Route: Oslo, Norway to Reykjavik, Iceland

    COASTAL WONDERS OF NORWAY, THE FAROE ISLANDS AND ICELAND Current route: Oslo, Norway to Reykjavik, Iceland 17 Days National Geographic Resolution 126 Guests Expeditions in: Jun From $22,470 to $44,280 * Call us at 1.800.397.3348 or call your Travel Agent. In Australia, call 1300.361.012 • www.expeditions.com DAY 1: Oslo, Norway padding Arrive in Oslo and check into the Hotel Bristol (or 2022 Departure Dates: similar) in the heart of the city. On an afternoon tour, stroll amid the city’s famed Vigeland 6 Jun sculptures—hundreds of life-size human figures Advance Payment: set in terraced Frogner Park. Visit the Fram Museum, showcasing the polar ship Fram and $3,000 dedicated to the explorers and wooden vessels that navigated the Arctic Sea in the late 1800s and Sample Airfares: early 1900s. The evening is free to explore Oslo Economy: from $900 on your own. (L) Business: from $2,700 Charter(Oslo/Tromso): from $490 DAY 2: Oslo / Tromsø / Embark Airfares are subject to change padding Take a charter flight to Tromsø, known as the Cost Includes: “gateway to the Arctic” due to the large number of Arctic expeditions that originated here. Visit the One hotel night in Oslo; accommodations; Arctic Cathedral, where the unique architecture meals indicated; alcoholic beverages evokes icebergs; and peruse the Polar Museum, (except premium brands); excursions; which showcases the ships, equipment, and services of Lindblad Expeditions’ Leader, seafaring traditions of early Arctic settlers. Embark Naturalist staff and expert guides; use of our ship this afternoon. (B,L,D) kayaks; entrance fees; all port charges and service taxes; gratuities to ship’s crew.
  • Greenland Last Ice Area

    Greenland Last Ice Area

    kn Greenland Last Ice Area Potentials for hydrocarbon and mineral resources activities Mette Frost, WWF-DK Copenhagen, September 2014 Report Greenland Last Ice Area. Potentials for hydrocarbon and mineral resources activities. The report is written by Mette Frost, WWF Verdensnaturfonden. Published by WWF Verdensnaturfonden, Svanevej 12, 2400 København NV. Denmark. Phone +45 3536 3635 – E-mail: [email protected] WWF Global Arctic Programme, 275 Slater Street, Ottawa, Ontario, K1P 5L4. Canada. Phone: +1 613 232 2535 Project The report has been developed under the Last Ice Area project, a joint project between WWF Canada, WWF Denmark and WWF Global Arctic Programme. Other WWF reports on Greenland – Last Ice Area Greenland Last Ice Area. Scoping study: socioeconomic and socio-cultural use of the Greenland LIA. By Pelle Tejsner, consultant and PhD. and Mette Frost, WWF-DK. November 2012. Seals in Greenland – an important component of culture and economy. By Eva Garde, WWF-DK. November 2013. Front page photo: Yellow house in Kullorsuaq, Qaasuitsup Kommunia, Greenland. July 2012. Mette Frost, WWF Verdensnaturfonden. The report can be downloaded from www.wwf.dk [1] CONTENTS Last Ice Area Introduction 4 Last Ice Area / Sikuusarfiit Nunngutaat 5 Last Ice Area/ Den Sidste Is 6 Summary 7 Eqikkaaneq 12 Sammenfatning 18 1. Introduction – scenarios for resources development within the Greenland LIA 23 1.1 Last Ice Area 23 1.2 Geology of the Greenland LIA 25 1.3 Climate change 30 2. Mining in a historical setting 32 2.1 Experiences with mining in Greenland 32 2.2 Resources development to the benefit of society 48 3.