An Introduction to Inuit and Chukchi Experiences in the Bering Strait, Beaufort Sea, and Baffin Bay
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Baffin Bay Sea Ice Extent and Synoptic Moisture Transport Drive Water Vapor
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 20, 13929–13955, 2020 https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-20-13929-2020 © Author(s) 2020. This work is distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License. Baffin Bay sea ice extent and synoptic moisture transport drive water vapor isotope (δ18O, δ2H, and deuterium excess) variability in coastal northwest Greenland Pete D. Akers1, Ben G. Kopec2, Kyle S. Mattingly3, Eric S. Klein4, Douglas Causey2, and Jeffrey M. Welker2,5,6 1Institut des Géosciences et l’Environnement, CNRS, 38400 Saint Martin d’Hères, France 2Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alaska Anchorage, 99508 Anchorage, AK, USA 3Institute of Earth, Ocean, and Atmospheric Sciences, Rutgers University, 08854 Piscataway, NJ, USA 4Department of Geological Sciences, University of Alaska Anchorage, 99508 Anchorage, AK, USA 5Ecology and Genetics Research Unit, University of Oulu, 90014 Oulu, Finland 6University of the Arctic (UArctic), c/o University of Lapland, 96101 Rovaniemi, Finland Correspondence: Pete D. Akers ([email protected]) Received: 9 April 2020 – Discussion started: 18 May 2020 Revised: 23 August 2020 – Accepted: 11 September 2020 – Published: 19 November 2020 Abstract. At Thule Air Base on the coast of Baffin Bay breeze development, that radically alter the nature of rela- (76.51◦ N, 68.74◦ W), we continuously measured water va- tionships between isotopes and many meteorological vari- por isotopes (δ18O, δ2H) at a high frequency (1 s−1) from ables in summer. On synoptic timescales, enhanced southerly August 2017 through August 2019. Our resulting record, flow promoted by negative NAO conditions produces higher including derived deuterium excess (dxs) values, allows an δ18O and δ2H values and lower dxs values. -
Comparison of Interannual Snowmelt-Onset Dates with Atmospheric Conditions
University of Nebraska - Lincoln DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, Department Papers in the Earth and Atmospheric Sciences of 2001 Comparison of Interannual Snowmelt-Onset Dates with Atmospheric Conditions Sheldon D. Drobot National Center for Atmospheric Research, [email protected] Mark R. Anderson University of Nebraska-Lincoln, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/geosciencefacpub Part of the Earth Sciences Commons Drobot, Sheldon D. and Anderson, Mark R., "Comparison of Interannual Snowmelt-Onset Dates with Atmospheric Conditions" (2001). Papers in the Earth and Atmospheric Sciences. 173. https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/geosciencefacpub/173 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, Department of at DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln. It has been accepted for inclusion in Papers in the Earth and Atmospheric Sciences by an authorized administrator of DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln. Annals of Glaciology 33 2001 # International Glaciological Society Comparison of interannual snowmelt-onset dates with atmospheric conditions Sheldon D. Drobot, Mark R. Anderson Department of Geosciences, 214 Bessey Hall, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, NE 68588-0340, U.S.A. ABSTRACT. The snowmelt-onset date represents an important transitional point in the Arctic surface energy balance, when albedo decreases and energy absorption increases rapidly in response to the appearance of liquid water. Interannual variations in snowmelt onset are likely related to large-scale variations in atmospheric circulation, such as described by the Arctic Oscillation #AO).This research therefore examines the relationship between monthly-averaged AO values and mean annual snowmelt-onset dates overArctic sea ice in13 regions, from 1979 to 1998. -
The Eskimo Language Work of Aleksandr Forshtein
Alaska Journal of Anthropology Volume 4, Numbers 1-2 The Eskimo Language Work of Aleksandr Forshtein Michael E. Krauss Alaska Native Language Center, University of Alaska Fairbanks, AK 99775, ff [email protected] Abstract: Th e paper focuses on another aspect of the legacy of the late Russian Eskimologist Aleksandr Forshtein (1904-1968), namely his linguistic materials and his publications in Eskimo languages and early Russian/Soviet school programs in Siberian Yupik. During the 1930s, the Russians launched an impressive program in developing writing systems, education, and publication in several Native Siberian languages. Forshtein and his mentor, Waldemar Bogoras, took active part in those eff orts on behalf of Siberian Yupik. Th e paper reviews Forshtein’s (and Bogoras’) various contributions to Siberian Yupik language work and language documentation. As it turned out, Forshtein’s, as well as Bogoras’ approach had many fl aws; several colleagues of Forshtein achieved better results and produced alternative writing systems for Siberian Yupik language. Th is review of the early Russian language work on Siberian Yupik is given against the backdrop of many colorful personalities involved and of the general conditions of Russian Siberian linguistics during the 1920s and the 1930s. Keywords: A.S. Forshtein, V.G. Bogoraz, K.S. Sergeeva, E. P. Orlova, Yuit Th is paper that evaluates the Eskimo language work of forced me to compromise a freedom taken for granted on Aleksandr Semenovich Forshtein (1904-1968) must begin this side. with a painfully confl icted apology. In the early 1980’s I was invited by Isabelle Kreindler of Haifa University to contrib- Furthermore, I feel the need to warn the reader to bear ute a paper to a collection on Soviet linguists executed or with me that in the recent process of research for the present interned by Stalinist repression in the former USSR during paper, I was repeatedly faced with new discoveries and re- the years 1930-1953 (Kreindler 1985). -
Council for Innovative Research Peer Review Research Publishing System Journal: Journal of Advances in Linguistics Vol 3, No
View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by KHALSA PUBLICATIONS ISSN 2348-3024 Language Contact, Use and Attitudes among the Chaldo-Assyrians of Baghdad, Iraq: A Sociolinguistic Study Bader S. Dweik, Tiba A. Al-Obaidi Middle East University, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Department of English Language and Literature [email protected] Middle East University, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Department of English Language and Literature [email protected] ABSTRACT This study aimed at investigating the language situation among the Chaldo-Assyrians in Baghdad. The study attempted to answer the following questions: In what domains do the Chaldo-Assyrians of Baghdad use Syriac and Arabic? What are their attitudes towards both languages? To achieve the goal of this study, the researchers selected a sample that consisted of (135) Chaldo-Assyrians of different age, gender and educational background. The instruments used in this study were interviews and a questionnaire which comprised two different areas: domains of language use and language attitudes. The researchers concluded that the Chaldo-Assyrians in Baghdad used Syriac in different domains mainly at home, in religious settings and in their inner speech; and used it side by side with Arabic in many other social domains such as neighborhood, place of work, media and other public places. The study revealed that the attitudes of the Chaldo- Assyrians towards Syriac and Arabic were highly positive. Finally, the researchers recommended conducting similar studies on other ethnic groups in Baghdad like Turkumans, Kurds, Armenians and Sabians. Indexing terms/Keywords Language Contact; Use; Attitudes; Chaldo-Assyrians; Iraq. -
Baffin Bay Sea Ice Inflow and Outflow: 1978–1979 to 2016–2017
The Cryosphere, 13, 1025–1042, 2019 https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-13-1025-2019 © Author(s) 2019. This work is distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License. Baffin Bay sea ice inflow and outflow: 1978–1979 to 2016–2017 Haibo Bi1,2,3, Zehua Zhang1,2,3, Yunhe Wang1,2,4, Xiuli Xu1,2,3, Yu Liang1,2,4, Jue Huang5, Yilin Liu5, and Min Fu6 1Key laboratory of Marine Geology and Environment, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China 2Laboratory for Marine Geology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China 3Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China 4University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China 5Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, China 6Key Laboratory of Research on Marine Hazard Forecasting Center, National Marine Environmental Forecasting Center, Beijing, China Correspondence: Haibo Bi ([email protected]) Received: 2 July 2018 – Discussion started: 23 July 2018 Revised: 19 February 2019 – Accepted: 26 February 2019 – Published: 29 March 2019 Abstract. Baffin Bay serves as a huge reservoir of sea ice 1 Introduction which would provide the solid freshwater sources to the seas downstream. By employing satellite-derived sea ice motion and concentration fields, we obtain a nearly 40-year-long Baffin Bay is a semi-enclosed ocean basin that connects the Arctic Ocean and the northwestern Atlantic (Fig. 1). It cov- record (1978–1979 to 2016–2017) of the sea ice area flux 2 through key fluxgates of Baffin Bay. Based on the estimates, ers an area of 630 km and is bordered by Greenland to the the Baffin Bay sea ice area budget in terms of inflow and east, Baffin Island to the west, and Ellesmere Island to the outflow are quantified and possible causes for its interan- north. -
15 AY2019 Rasmussen.Pdf
Roskilde University The desecuritization of Greenland’s security? How the Greenlandic self-government envision post-independence national defense and security policy Rasmussen, Rasmus Kjærgaard Published in: Arctic Yearbook Publication date: 2019 Document Version Publisher's PDF, also known as Version of record Citation for published version (APA): Rasmussen, R. K. (2019). The desecuritization of Greenland’s security? How the Greenlandic self-government envision post-independence national defense and security policy . Arctic Yearbook, 2019, 287-304. https://arcticyearbook.com/images/yearbook/2019/Scholarly-Papers/15_AY2019_Rasmussen.pdf General rights Copyright and moral rights for the publications made accessible in the public portal are retained by the authors and/or other copyright owners and it is a condition of accessing publications that users recognise and abide by the legal requirements associated with these rights. • Users may download and print one copy of any publication from the public portal for the purpose of private study or research. • You may not further distribute the material or use it for any profit-making activity or commercial gain. • You may freely distribute the URL identifying the publication in the public portal. Take down policy If you believe that this document breaches copyright please contact [email protected] providing details, and we will remove access to the work immediately and investigate your claim. Download date: 03. Oct. 2021 The desecuritization of Greenland’s security? How the Greenlandic self-government envision post- independence national defense and security policy Rasmus Kjærgaard Rasmussen President Trump’s “offer” to purchase Greenland has placed the country at the heart of world affairs and great power rivalry in the Arctic. -
The Thermal State of Permafrost in Canada – Results from the International Polar Year
The Thermal State of Permafrost in Canada – Results from the International Polar Year Sharon L. Smith 1, Antoni G. Lewkowicz 2, Christopher R. Burn 3, Michel Allard 4 & Jennifer Throop 2 1Geological Survey of Canada, Natural Resources Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada 2Department of Geography, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada 3Department of Geography and Environmental Studies, Carleton University, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada 4Centre d’études nordiques, Université Laval, Ste-Foy, Québec, Canada ABSTRACT A snapshot of permafrost thermal state in northern Canada during the International Polar Year was developed with ground temperature measurements from about 170 boreholes. The measurements span a wide range of ecoclimate and geological conditions and are at various elevations. Ground temperatures within the discontinuous permafrost zone are generally above -2°C and range to as low as -15°C in the continuous zone. Permafrost temperatures have generally increased across northern Canada for the past several decades, with greater warming rates occurring north of tree line. Consequently the spatial diversity of permafrost thermal conditions is decreasing over time. RÉSUMÉ Un instantané de l’état thermique du pergélisol dans le nord du Canada au cours de l’Année polaire internationale a été élaboré en utilisant les mesures des températures au sol obtenues d’environ 170 puits. Les mesures couvraient une vaste gamme de conditions écoclimatiques et géologiques et diverses élévations. Les températures au sol au sein de la zone discontinue de pergélisol étaient généralement supérieures à -2°C et descendaient jusqu’à -15°C dans la zone continue. Les températures du pergélisol ont généralement augmenté dans tout le nord du Canada au cours des dernières décennies, les taux de réchauffement les plus marqués étant survenus au nord de la ligne des arbres. -
I. 1. the Influence of Permafrost on Northern Development
I. 1. THE INFLUENCE OF PERMAFROST ON NORTHERN DEVELOPMENT INTRODUCTION The expansion of settlement from man's early home in the fertile, friendly and protected river valleys of the Middle East has been marked by conquest of one natural obstacle after another. Broad seas, hot, dry deserts, mountain ranges and dense forests each in their turn arrested his progress until new techniques were devised and perfected, and became common knowledge. His invasion of the tropical rainforests was delayed by diseases, and his ventures into the far north - what Stefansson has termed "The .Northward Course of Empire" (1) - were handicapped by severe cold and snow, and by the heavy ice which impeded and damaged his ships. In his long and frequently frustrated efforts to make a home in even the remotest parts of the earth, man has encountered, and eventually learned to deal with, an enormous variety of natural hazards. Perennially frozen ground in the polar regions is one of his most recent natural obstacles. It has become of major importance only in the past few decades, although its existence has long been known. Alexander Mackenzie mentioned it and Jules Verne wrote a novel (2) based in part on it, while the quick-frozen mammoths of Siberia have been a cause of wonder for generations. How was it that such a widespread phenomenon, covering about one-half of Canada and almost as great a proportion of the Soviet Union, should nevertheless have attracted so little attention that until a few years ago it even lacked a commonly accepted English name and is only now being honoured in Canada by a national symposium ? The world population map demonstrates that man has as yet barely reached in any numbers the southern limit of that one-fifth of the land surface underlain by permafrost. -
Panel 2A Abstracts
Panel 2A: Greenland-Denmark relations in history: Insights from the ERC Arctic Cultures project Format: Paper panel in English Conveners: Dr Peter Martin & Richard Powell Panel 2A abstract: This panel will present findings from the European Research Council funded project, ‘Arctic Cultures’, 2017-22, that relate to the conference theme on Greenland-Denmark relations. The ARCTIC CULT project investigates the imaginative construction of the Arctic that emerged from the exploration of the region by Europeans and North Americans and their contacts with indigenous peoples from the middle of the sixteenth century. During the exploration and colonisation of the Arctic, particular texts, cartographic representations and objects were collected and returned to sites like Copenhagen, Berlin, Philadelphia and New York. The construction of the Arctic thereby became entwined with the growth of colonial museum cultures and, indeed, western modernity. The panel will present aspects of research from the project that focus upon relations between Greenland and Denmark, as well as other imperial states such as Britain and Germany. Studying transnational histories of knowledge co-production, papers will reflect on the formations of cartographic, ethnographic and geographic knowledges within the Danish-Greenlandic colonial context. The panel will also consider the extent to which these processes of knowledge formation continue to have important consequences for contemporary relations between Greenland and Denmark. Speaker 1: Dr Richard Powell Title: Introduction to the Panel – ERC Arctic Cultures Project Abstract: A brief introduction to the ERC Arctic Cultures project and the context for the panel papers and discussion. Speaker 2: Dr Peter Martin Title: Anthropogeography in the Arctic: H.P. -
Flow of Pacific Water in the Western Chukchi
Deep-Sea Research I 105 (2015) 53–73 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Deep-Sea Research I journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/dsri Flow of pacific water in the western Chukchi Sea: Results from the 2009 RUSALCA expedition Maria N. Pisareva a,n, Robert S. Pickart b, M.A. Spall b, C. Nobre b, D.J. Torres b, G.W.K. Moore c, Terry E. Whitledge d a P.P. Shirshov Institute of Oceanology, 36, Nakhimovski Prospect, Moscow 117997, Russia b Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, 266 Woods Hole Road, Woods Hole, MA 02543, USA c Department of Physics, University of Toronto, 60 St. George Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A7, Canada d University of Alaska Fairbanks, 505 South Chandalar Drive, Fairbanks, AK 99775, USA article info abstract Article history: The distribution of water masses and their circulation on the western Chukchi Sea shelf are investigated Received 10 March 2015 using shipboard data from the 2009 Russian-American Long Term Census of the Arctic (RUSALCA) pro- Received in revised form gram. Eleven hydrographic/velocity transects were occupied during September of that year, including a 25 August 2015 number of sections in the vicinity of Wrangel Island and Herald canyon, an area with historically few Accepted 25 August 2015 measurements. We focus on four water masses: Alaskan coastal water (ACW), summer Bering Sea water Available online 31 August 2015 (BSW), Siberian coastal water (SCW), and remnant Pacific winter water (RWW). In some respects the Keywords: spatial distributions of these water masses were similar to the patterns found in the historical World Arctic Ocean Ocean Database, but there were significant differences. -
Ilulissat Icefjord
World Heritage Scanned Nomination File Name: 1149.pdf UNESCO Region: EUROPE AND NORTH AMERICA __________________________________________________________________________________________________ SITE NAME: Ilulissat Icefjord DATE OF INSCRIPTION: 7th July 2004 STATE PARTY: DENMARK CRITERIA: N (i) (iii) DECISION OF THE WORLD HERITAGE COMMITTEE: Excerpt from the Report of the 28th Session of the World Heritage Committee Criterion (i): The Ilulissat Icefjord is an outstanding example of a stage in the Earth’s history: the last ice age of the Quaternary Period. The ice-stream is one of the fastest (19m per day) and most active in the world. Its annual calving of over 35 cu. km of ice accounts for 10% of the production of all Greenland calf ice, more than any other glacier outside Antarctica. The glacier has been the object of scientific attention for 250 years and, along with its relative ease of accessibility, has significantly added to the understanding of ice-cap glaciology, climate change and related geomorphic processes. Criterion (iii): The combination of a huge ice sheet and a fast moving glacial ice-stream calving into a fjord covered by icebergs is a phenomenon only seen in Greenland and Antarctica. Ilulissat offers both scientists and visitors easy access for close view of the calving glacier front as it cascades down from the ice sheet and into the ice-choked fjord. The wild and highly scenic combination of rock, ice and sea, along with the dramatic sounds produced by the moving ice, combine to present a memorable natural spectacle. BRIEF DESCRIPTIONS Located on the west coast of Greenland, 250-km north of the Arctic Circle, Greenland’s Ilulissat Icefjord (40,240-ha) is the sea mouth of Sermeq Kujalleq, one of the few glaciers through which the Greenland ice cap reaches the sea. -
Globalization and Performance of Place by Andreas Otte
The music in Greenland and Greenland in the music Globalization and performance of place By Andreas Otte This research has been financed by the Commission for Scientific Research in Greenland (KVUG) Abstract The history of Greenlandic music is one of cross-local interconnectedness. Styles and trends have evolved as a result of globalization, but there is a significant trend amongst popular music artists in Greenland to perform a sense of local and national identity in their music, and to produce music that is relevant to a na- tional context. Through a look at how musical styles have evolved in Greenland, and how popular music trends have changed over time, in this article, I trace the presence of a broadly acknowledged repertoire of sounds and lyrical themes for performing place in music. Through a discussion of the role of place in music that draws on Massey’s ‘global sense of place’ (1994), I suggest that in music, places are best understood as meeting points, and that place as meeting point is in some form or another always noticeable in music. I furthermore argue that place in music is often connected to local contexts both by drawing on locally de- veloped particularity, but also by being affected by the history of globalization in local places. 2 The music in Greenland and Greenland in the music Globalization and performance of place Andreas Otte This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Navngivelse-IkkeKommerciel 3.0 Unported License. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/.