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ARCTIC RIFT COPPER Part of World’S Newest Metallogenic Province: Kiffaanngissuseq

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ARCTIC RIFT COPPER Part of World’S Newest Metallogenic Province: Kiffaanngissuseq See discussions, stats, and author profiles for this publication at: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/346029727 ARCTIC RIFT COPPER Part of world’s newest metallogenic province: Kiffaanngissuseq Technical Report · November 2020 DOI: 10.13140/RG.2.2.18610.84161 CITATIONS 0 2 authors, including: Jonathan Bell Curtin University 17 PUBLICATIONS 13 CITATIONS SEE PROFILE Some of the authors of this publication are also working on these related projects: Greenland View project Mineral asset valuation and pricing View project All content following this page was uploaded by Jonathan Bell on 20 November 2020. The user has requested enhancement of the downloaded file. ARCTIC RIFT COPPER Part of world’s newest metallogenic province: Kiffaanngissuseq Technical Assessment Report Greenfields Exploration Ltd November 2020 This report presents a holistic view of north eastern Greenland’s geology. The empirical evidence of mineralisation and geological record are tied in with mineral system components from global through to prospect scales. The source rocks, geodynamic triggers, pathways, and deposition sites are all identified within a preserved terrane. This work defines the Kiffaanngissuseq metallogenic province, a previously undescribed mineral system. For the first time, we identify a c. 1,250 Ma orogenic event in the basement as the geodynamic trigger related to the basalt- hosted native copper within the Arctic Rift Copper project. A c. 385 Ma fluid migration is identified as the trigger for a second copper-sulphide mineralising event expressed within the project, that also emplaced a distal zinc deposit within Kiffaanngissuseq. This multi-episodal mineral system is supported by a regional geochemical and hydrodynamic framework that is not articulated elsewhere. The large scale of the mineral system, widespread copper anomalism, combined with dual mineralising events are analogous to Earth’s great copper systems. The Company considers that Kiffaanngissuseq has the potential to be a world-class mineral province. A coincident magnetic-gravity-conductivty and high-grade geochemical copper anomaly occurs within the project. The anomalism is located at an oxidation boundary and is proposed to be the expression of a hydrothermal outlet. This site of focussed fluid flow forms the basis of a high-priority, near- term target, known as the ‘Minik Singularity’. Authors: Dr Jonathan Bell (lead author), Greenfields Executive Director (Technical) PhD Mineral Economics, MSc Mineral Economics, BSc Applied Geology, Member of the Australian Institute of Geoscientists 1 (MAIG, #3116), Graduate of the Australian Institute of Company Directors 2 (GAICD), Associate of the Resources and Energy Law Association, Affiliate of the Stockbrokers Association of Australia (AfSAFAA), RG146 Accredited3. Joel Burkin (contributor), Greenfields Geologist BSc (Hons) Geology, Graduate of the Australian Institute of Geoscientists (GAIG, #7724), Fellow of the Geological Society of London (FGS, #0001040164). Lindsay Dick (contributor), Greenfields Executive Director (Corporate) BSc Chemistry, LLB (Dist), Young Professional of the Resources and Energy Law Association. Reviewers: Mathew Longworth (internal review), Greenfields Chairperson BSc Geology, Member of the Australasian Institute of Mining and Metallurgy (MAusIMM , #110783). Dr Mark Hutchison (external, paid review), Consultant Director of Trigon Geoservices Ltd PhD Geology, BSc (Hons) Geology, Member & Registered Professional Geologist of the Australian Institute of Geoscientists (MAIG RPGeo, #10080). Consent & Disclaimer: Greenfields prepared this Report and gives its consent to use this document for Public Reporting purposes. This Report meets the minimum requirements of the VALMIN Code (2015), which is the industry standard designed to fit with the Australian regulatory frameworks. All beliefs expressed in this Report by the Company are expressed in good faith and are believed to have a reasonable basis on the knowledge available to The Company. However, to the extent permitted by law the Company and the authors of this Report disclaim any liability for any expenses, losses, damages or costs incurred from any reliance on the content of this Report. The Company advises that this Report may contain forward-looking statements which may be subject to significant uncertainties outside of The Company’s control. Actual future events may vary from these forward-looking statements and you are cautioned not to place undue reliance on any forward-looking statement. © Greenfields Exploration Ltd, ABN 50 619 328 442, 17/11/2020 Contact details & registered address Online Level 14, 197 St Georges Terrace gexpl.com Perth WA 6000 linkedin.com/company/Greenfields-exploration-ltd/ P: 08 6270 6318 facebook.com/gexpl/ E: [email protected] Twitter: GreenfieldsExpl Document information: Reporting standards JORC Code 2012, VALMIN Code 2015 Report date: 18 November 2020 Effective date 17 November 2020 Status: Draft for client review 1 https://www.aig.org.au/ 2 http://aicd.companydirectors.com.au/ 3 http://asic.gov.au/regulatory-resources/find-a-document/regulatory-guides/rg-146-licensing-training-of-financial- product-advisers/ gexpl.com Greenfields Exploration Ltd | November 2020 CONTENTS Contents ______________________________________________________________________________ 4 1 Summary _______________________________________________________________________ 10 2 Introduction _____________________________________________________________________ 12 2.1 Scope of Work 12 2.2 Effective Date 12 2.3 Reporting Standards 12 2.4 Reliance on Other Experts 12 2.5 Information Sources 13 2.6 Site Visit 13 2.7 Report costs and Relationships 13 2.8 Qualifications and Experience 13 3 Project Description and Location _____________________________________________________ 14 3.1 Location and Tenure 14 3.2 Accessibility, Climate, Local Resources, Infrastructure and Physiography 20 3.3 Mining Industry 25 4 History _________________________________________________________________________ 28 5 Geological Setting ________________________________________________________________ 29 5.1 Regional Geology 29 5.2 Local Geology 47 6 Exploration ______________________________________________________________________ 65 6.1 Prospecting 65 6.2 Geochemistry 65 6.3 Geophysics 67 6.4 Singularity 68 6.5 Drilling 70 6.6 Prospectivity and Endowment Study 70 7 Mineralisation ____________________________________________________________________ 71 7.1 Known Prospects 73 7.2 Deposit Type 79 7.3 Mineral System 85 8 Data Integrity ___________________________________________________________________ 103 8.1 Sample Preparation, Analyses and Security 103 8.2 Data Verification 103 9 Mineral Resource Estimates _______________________________________________________ 103 10 Modifying Factors________________________________________________________________ 103 10.1 Environmental Studies Permitting, and Social/Community Impact 103 10.2 Project Infrastructure 105 10.3 Mining Methods 106 10.4 Mineral Processing and Metallurgical Testing 107 10.5 Recovery Methods 107 iv 4 Contents ARCTIC RIFT COPPER | Greenfields Exploration Limited 10.6 Capital and Operating Costs 108 10.7 Market Studies and Contracts 108 10.8 Economic Evaluations 110 11 Ore Reserve Estimates ___________________________________________________________ 110 12 Other Relevant Data and Information ________________________________________________ 110 13 Interpretations and Conclusions_____________________________________________________ 111 13.1 New insights 111 13.2 Significance 112 13.3 Knowledge Gaps 113 14 Recommendations _______________________________________________________________ 114 15 References ____________________________________________________________________ 117 16 Consent and Compliance Statement: Dr Bell ___________________________________________ 143 17 Appendix 1: JORC Table 1 ________________________________________________________ 144 18 Appendix 2: License Details ________________________________________________________ 148 19 Appendix 3: Supporting figures _____________________________________________________ 149 Tables Table 1: Licence details and estimated holding costs 14 Table 2: Geochronological dating summary 64 Table 3: North Greenland mineral system hierarchy 86 Table 4: Empirical evidence of a mineral system 87 Table 5: Mineral system certainty estimates c. 1,250 Ma 101 Table 6: Mineral system certainty estimates c. 385 Ma 102 Table 7: Proposed budget 116 Table 8: ARC licence co-ordinates 148 Figures Figure 1: Historical results 11 Figure 2: ARC’s location 14 Figure 3: Greenland’s bureaucratic structure 16 Figure 4: Licence map 19 Figure 5: Daylight statistics for Station Nord 20 Figure 6: Weather statistics for Station Nord 21 Figure 7: Physiography of Neergaard Dal/Elv 21 Figure 8: Buildings in Jørgen Brønlund Fjord 22 Figure 9: Arctic sea ice extent 23 Figure 10: Satellite image of J.C. Christensen Land 24 Figure 11: Miners at the historical Blyklippen lead-zinc mine in eastern Greenland 26 Figure 12: Photo from the portal of the Black Angel in western Greenland 26 Figure 13: Adjacent projects and deposits 26 Figure 14: Airplanes used to explore North Greenland 1933-1938 28 Figure 15: Geology of Greenland 30 Figure 16: Timeline of geological events in North Greenland 31 Contents 5 Greenfields Exploration Ltd | November 2020 Figure 17: Reconstruction of Columbia at c. 1,600 Ma 32 Figure 18 Neoproterozoic-aged sedimentary basins of the Laurentian margin 32 Figure 19: Arctic plates and volcanic
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