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Redescription of Terebellides Kerguelensis Stat. Nov. (Polychaeta: Trichobranchidae) from Antarctic and Subantarctic Waters

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Redescription of Terebellides Kerguelensis Stat. Nov. (Polychaeta: Trichobranchidae) from Antarctic and Subantarctic Waters Helgol Mar Res (2008) 62:143–152 DOI 10.1007/s10152-007-0085-4 ORIGINAL ARTICLE Redescription of Terebellides kerguelensis stat. nov. (Polychaeta: Trichobranchidae) from Antarctic and subantarctic waters Julio Parapar · Juan Moreira Received: 20 February 2007 / Revised: 13 September 2007 / Accepted: 24 September 2007 / Published online: 24 October 2007 © Springer-Verlag and AWI 2007 Abstract During the Spanish Antarctic expeditions gers 1, 4 and 5, and Wrst thoracic acicular neurochaetae “Bentart” 1994, 1995 and 2003, a number of trichobranchid sharply bent with pointed tips. The biological role of the (Annelida: Polychaeta) specimens were collected and identi- segmental organs, the presence and disposition of cilia in Wed initially as Terebellides stroemii kerguelensis McIntosh, branchial lamellae and the Wnding of new structures located 1885, the only known species of the genus widely recogni- in dorsal part of thoracic notopodia are discussed. sed as valid in Antarctic waters. In the framework of a worldwide revision of the genus Terebellides, a reconsidera- Keywords Annelida · Terebellides stroemii tion of the taxonomic status of this subspecies of the boreal kerguelensis · Bentart project · Antarctic peninsula · Terebellides stroemii Sars, 1835 is done through the exami- Kerguelen Island · Antarctica · New status nation of the syntypes of T. s. kerguelensis compared with recent descriptions of the nominal species from Norwegian waters and material from Icelandic waters. Thus, T. s. kerg- Introduction uelensis is regarded as a valid species, T. kerguelensis stat. nov., and redescribed designating a lectotype and paralecto- The genus Terebellides was established by Sars (1835) for types. The species is mainly characterised by the presence of Terebellides stroemii from material collected oV the coast an anterior branchial extension (Wfth lobe), lateral lappets in of Norway. Since then, the species has been reported from Wve anterior thoracic chaetigers, segmental organs in chaeti- distant geographic areas, which led to a cosmopolitan con- sideration of the taxon: e.g. Europe (Fauvel 1927), South Africa (Day 1967), Australia (Hutchings 1977) and Gulf of Mexico (Kritzler 1984). Holthe (1986a) in his monograph on Scandinavian Terebellomorpha, reported worldwide Communicated by Peter Funch. records of this species from literature whilst recognizing that most of them might probably belong to undescribed J. Parapar (&) species morphologically and phylogenetically close. Wil- Departamento de Bioloxía Animal, Bioloxía Vexetal e Ecoloxía, liams (1984), after revising material identiWed as T. stroemi Facultade de Ciencias, Universidade da Coruña, V Rúa Alejandro da Sota 1, 15008 A Coruña, Spain from di erent geographic areas, rejected the cosmopolitan e-mail: [email protected] status of this species, described four new species and pro- posed new characters useful for distinguishing species/sub- J. Moreira species. Williams did not, however, examine material from Estación de Bioloxía Mariña da Graña, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Antarctica. After Williams’ revision, new species of Tere- Rúa da Ribeira 1, A Graña, 15590 Ferrol, Spain bellides were described from elsewhere. Thus, Imajima and Williams (1985) reported six species of Terebellides from J. Moreira two bays in Japan, three of them new to science, revealing Departamento de Bioloxía Animal e Instituto de Acuicultura, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, this way an unexpectedly great diversity of this genus in Campus Sur, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain such a small geographic area. Solis-Weiss et al. (1991) 123 144 Helgol Mar Res (2008) 62:143–152 described three new species from shallow tropical waters in Subsequent to Hartman (1966), and with the exception the western Atlantic Ocean, Bremec and Elias (1999) of Cantone and Di Pietro (2001) who recorded again the described two species from oV Argentina, and Hilbig nominal species, later works in Antarctic and subantarctic (2000) reported from Californian waters three species pre- waters reported T. s. kerguelensis as the only species of this viously described by Williams (1984) and Imajima and genus in the area (e.g. Levenstein 1966, p. 185; Hartman Williams (1985) and further described two new species. 1967, p. 172; 1978, p. 202; Hartmann-Schröder and Rosen- Simultaneously, Hutchings and Peart (2000), in a revision feldt 1989, p. 92; 1991 p. 88; Parapar and San Martín 1997, of the Trichobranchidae from Australia, redescribed T. p. 507, Fig. 1 C–F; San Martín et al. 2000, p. 94; Sicinski stroemi from material collected at Porsangerfjord (Norway) and Gillet 2002, p. 354; Sicinski 2004, p. 81). Thus, the near the type locality, described four new species from known distribution of T. s. kerguelensis was conWned to Australian waters and propose additional characters to Magellanic and Antarctic waters and such subantarctic facilitate species diVerentiation. Recently, GarraVoni and islands as Kerguelen and South Georgia (Rozbaczylo 1985; Lana (2003) described a new species from Brazil and pro- Bremec and Elias 1999; Rozbaczylo et al. 2006). vide a useful key for most of the known species of Terebel- In the present study, McIntosh’s type material of T. s. lides. GarraVoni and Lana (2004) presented a cladistic kerguelensis from Kerguelen Island is revised and rede- analysis of trichobranchids, summarizing the current scribed. The material identiWed as T. s. kerguelensis from knowledge on systematics of the group and revising the the Spanish “Bentart” cruises (1994, 1995, 2003) in the interpretation of some morphological characters, and Garr- South Shetlands islands and Bellingshausen Sea (Antarc- oVoni et al. (2005) compiled a complete catalogue of world tica) is used to complement the description. Specimens Trichobranchinae. identiWed as Terebellides cf. stroemii from northern Icelan- Since the original description, the speciWc epithet has dic waters were also used for comparison purposes. As a been written in Wve diVerent ways (see GarraVoni et al. result of this examination, Antarctic material of T. s. kerg- 2005); in this work we adopt stroemii, the most widely used uelensis it is proposed to change its status to that of a sepa- today. rate species. The taxonomic history of the genus Terebellides in the Southern Ocean started in the late nineteenth century, when McIntosh (1885) described Terebellides stroemi kerguelen- Methods sis from specimens collected in January 1874 oV the sub- antarctic Kerguelen Island during the voyage of HMS Type material of T. s. kerguelensis was loaned by the Natu- Challenger, and Ehlers (1897, 1901) reported the stem spe- ral History Museum (NHM, London). The material consists cies from the Magellanic region. In the twentieth century, of two vials: (1) Vial 380: Station (Stn.) 149G, oV London Hessle (1917) published a worldwide revision of terebelli- River, Kerguelen, January 29 1874, latitude 48°50ЈS, longi- form polychaetes, describing three new species from the tude 69°18ЈE, 110 fathoms, and (2) Vial 381: Stn. 149H, oV Antarctic and southern South American waters: Terebel- Cumberland Bay, January 29 1874, 127 fathoms. No holo- lides antarcticus from shallow waters oV Graham’s Land, type or paratypes were initially designated by the author in Terebellides minutus from Patagonia and Terebellides lon- the original description and none of these specimens could gicaudatus from South Georgia. Later, Monro (1930) con- be positively identiWed from drawings as only chaetae were sidered T. antarcticus and T. minutus as synonyms of T. s. originally illustrated (see McIntosh 1885, p. 480 and plates kerguelensis. Hartman (1953), however, referred to the XXIXA and XXXVIIIA). The specimen selected by McIn- presence of T. antarcticus, T. longicaudatus and T. minutus tosh for the original description was probably one of the from Tierra del Fuego, South Georgia and the Palmer archi- two specimens separated from the other two in a small tube pelago, but soon after, in her catalogue of world polychae- in vial 380. One of these specimens has scars on the neuro- tes (Hartman 1959) she used Monro’s synonymies. This is podia of chaetigers 8, 9 and 10 which suggests that chaetae eventually reXected in her compilation on Antarctic “seden- from this specimen were probably used for his drawings tary” polychaetes (Hartman 1966, p. 113, pl. 38, Figs. 4–7) (Fig. 1b). Following ICZN art. 74, one of the syntypes from in which she also recorded the presence in Antarctic waters Stn. 149G (vial 380) was designated as a lectotype and the of T. stroemii by including previous authors’ citations (e.g. other specimens as paralectotypes. In this case, however, Ehlers 1897; Augener 1932). the specimen selected as the lectotype was not that with the In his catalogue of world Terebellomorpha, Holthe scars on the neuropodia of chaetigers 8, 9 and 10 but the (1986b) only recognized T. s. kerguelensis and T. longi- other specimen in the small vial which is in better condition caudatus as valid subespecies and species in Antarctic and (Fig. 1a). subantarctic waters, including T. antarcticus and T. minutus Specimens belonging to the Bentart project were as synonyms of the former. obtained during 1994, 1995 and 2003 cruises. Information 123 Helgol Mar Res (2008) 62:143–152 145 Fig. 1 Terebellides kerguelen- sis McIntosh, 1885 stat. nov. a–c Anterior end in lateral view of McIntosh’s syntypes selected as lectotype (a) and paralectotypes (b–d), BMNH 1885.12.1.380. Segments numbered S1 to S3; tm tentacular membrane; pp papil- lar
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