DOCSLIB.ORG

Onetouch 4.0 Sanned Documents

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Onetouch 4.0 Sanned Documents Zoológica Scripta, Vol. 26, No. 2, pp. 139-204, 1997 Pergamon Elsevier Science Ltd © 1997 The Norwegian Academy of Science and Letters All rights reserved. Printed in Great Britain PII: S0300-3256(97)00010-X 0300-3256/97 $17.00 + 0.00 Cladistics and polychaetes G. W. ROUSE and K. FAUCHALD Accepted2A April X')')! Rouse, G. W. & Fauchald, K. 1997. Cladistics and polychaetes.•Zoo/. Scr. 26: 139-204. A series of cladistic analyses assesses the status and membership of the taxon Polychaeta. The available literature, and a review by Fauchald & Rouse (1997), on the 80 accepted families of the Polychaeta are used to develop characters and data matrices. As well as the polychaete families, non- polychaete taxa, such as the Echiura, Euarthropoda, Onychophora, Pogonophora (as Frenulata and Vestimentifera), Clitellata, Aeolosomatidae and Potamodrilidae, are included in the analyses. All trees are rooted using the Sipuncula as outgroup. Characters are based on features (where present) such as the prostomium, peristomium, antennae, palps, nuchal organs, parapodia, stomodaeum, segmental organ structure and distribution, circulation and chaetae. A number of analyses are performed, involving different ways of coding and weighting the characters, as well as the number of taxa included. Transformation series are provided for several of these analyses. One of the analyses is chosen to provide a new classification. The Annelida is found to be monophyletic, though weakly supported, and comprises the Clitellata and Polychaeta. The Polychaeta is monophyletic only if laxa such as the Pogonophora, Aeolosomatidae and Potamodrilidae are included and is also weakly supported. The Pogonophora is reduced to the rank of family within the Polychaeta and reverts to the name Siboglinidae Caullery, 1914. The new classification does not use Linnaean categories, and the Polychaeta comprises two clades, the Scolecida and Palpata. The Palpata has the clades Aciculata and Canalipalpata. The Aciculata contains the Phyllodocida and Eunicida. The Canalipalpata has three clades; the Sabellida (including the Siboglinidae) Spionida and Terebellida. The position of a number of families requires further investigation. © 1997 The Norwegian Academy of Science and Letters. Greg W. Rouse, School of Biological Sciences A08, University of Sydney. N.S.iV. 2006, Sydney, Alts t ralia Krislian Fauchald, Department of Invertebrate Zoology, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington. DC 20560, U.S.A. Contents Abstract 139 Position of other problematic taxa 161 Introduction 139 New classification 161 Methods 140 Transformations 164 Taxa considered 140 Palps 164 Taxa excluded from restricted analysis 140 Stomodaeum 164 (A) Symbiotic ( = Commensal/Parasitic) taxa 140 Nephridia, segmental organs and circulatory systems 164 (B) Pelagic taxa 140 Assessment of Goodrich's (1945) hypotheses 165 (C) Interstitial (or small) taxa 141 Evolution of nephridia and segmental organs 166 (D) Poorly known taxa 141 Nephridia and circulation 167 Taxa excluded completely 141 Conclusions 168 Scoring of taxa 141 Acknowledgements 168 Characters 141 References 169 Coding issues 142 Appendix I 176 Analysis 145 la. Characters: Absence/Presence coding 176 Abbreviations used in figures 146 lb. Characters: Multistate coding 176 Results 148 Appendix 11 178 Restricted analyses 148 lia. Matrix of A/P coding 178 Complete analyses 150 lib. Matrix of Multistate coding 180 Descriptions of trees and transformations 151 Appendix III: /I priori weights applied to the initial analysis for Restricted analyses 151 A/Pe and A¡Pw 182 Complete analyses 154 Appendix IV: Justification of scores in both A/P and Multistate Discussion 155 matrices 182 Status of the Pogonophora 155 Appendix V: Classification of polychaete familites 204 Introduction tifera) and Polychaeta. A major assumption in that analysis was the monophyly of the Polychaeta, a taxon Rouse & Fauchald (1995) cast doubt on the monophyly of that has never been identified by apomorphy. This was not the traditionally formulated Annelida. They applied the particularly problematic in the context ofthat paper and in name Articulata to the clades Clitellata, Euarthropoda, fact allowed Rouse & Fauchald (1995: 294) to conclude Onychophora, Pogonophora ( = Frenulata and Vestimen- that "the Clitellata, 'arthropods', and Pogonophora may 139 Zoológica Scripta 26 140 G. W. Rouse and K. Fauchald Eibye-Jacobsen & Kristensen (1994) for the Dorvilleidae, which is well prove to fall inside the Polychaeta; use of these taxa as paraphyletic if the Dinophilidae (interstitial/minute) and Iphitimidae outgroups for an analysis of polychaete relationships is not (commensals with crustaceans) are recognised. This paper has a series of justifiable at this time". analyses where all polychaete families that can be classified as being symbiotic (sensu lato), pelagic or interstitial were excluded. It is likely that The history of the taxon Polychaeta was reviewed in many of the families excluded from the restricted analyses will prove to detail by Fauchald & Rouse (1997), along with a summary make other taxa paraphyletic. This is not to suggest that all the families of the various taxa at the family level and of morphological included in the restricted analyses are monophyletic; this is probably very far from the truth. The use of paraphyletic taxa is not problematic in features that have been used to classify the group. cladistic analyses and is a common occurrence (Rouse 1996). In general, Fauchald & Rouse (1997) found that 80 families currently paraphyletic taxa will appear as the sister group to their excluded (or usually) placed in the Polychaeta should be considered members. However, the mode of existence of most of the 29 excluded taxa is such that many of the features that they have probably lost, such as in any phylogenetic analysis at that taxonomic level. chaetae, would have to be coded as absent and would appear as such in the Additionally, based on discussion and results of Rouse & resulting trees. This could possibly, though not necessarily, complicate the Fauchald (1995) and Fauchald & Rouse (1997), the status analyses and give misleading results. Four families were also excluded because they are insuflSciently known. All taxa are, however, scored and of current non-polychaete groups, such as the Aeolosoma- documented in the Appendices. Analyses including all 80 accepted tidae, Clitellata, Euarthropoda, Frenulata, Onychophora, polychaete families (and the Aeolosomatidae and Potamodrilidae) are Potamodrilidae and Vestimentifera, should be considered also shown for the various forms of character coding. The excluded taxa are grouped into several categories: in any analysis of the Polychaeta. (A) Symbiotic ( = commensal/parasitic) taxa. The assumption here is The aims of this paper are several: that any symbiotic group of polychaetes is derived from a free-living group. Parasitic organisms are known for their apomorphic features often 1. To assess the monophyly of the Polychaeta and combined with apparent morphological simplicity (Brooks & McLennan relationships among the taxa usually included in the 1993). Depending on the level of analysis chosen, this latter condition can appear as an absence rather than a loss and hence can seriously affect tree group and those traditionally excluded. topologies. All parasitic or commensal polychaete families are excluded 2. To provide a new classification. owing to this possibility. Cladistic placement has been hypothesised for 3. To discuss the possible transformation of characters most of them and should be assessed in more restricted analyses where more relevant characters can be used to assess relationships. In the used in the study. context of this study, the inclusion of most of the symbiotic groups is trivial. The excluded families in this category are: Proposing a new classification is somewhat problematic (1) HistriohdelUdae. Parasitic/commensal on crustaceans. Probable sister since this study is a first heuristic step in terms of bringing group among taxa with a hypertrophied ventral proboscis (see Jamieson polychaete systematics to an acceptable level of rigour. etal. 1985). Any classification proposed is unlikely to have any long- (2) Ichthyotomidae. Parasitic on anguilliform teleosts. Probable sister group among taxa either with a hypertrophied axial proboscis or evity because of the inadequate knowledge of many taxa. hypertrophied ventral proboscis (Fauchald 1977; Pettibone 1982). However, the current situation is untenable, so what is (3) Myzostomidae. Parasitic/commensal on echinoderms. Recent studies presented must be considered an improvement. Various on the myzostomids have all indicated that they should be regarded as a group of polychaetes (see review in Rouse & Fauchald 1995). Rouse & issues of character coding and weighting are explored since Fauchald ( 1995) proposed that myzostomids probably have a sister group these are fundamental to any cladistic analysis. among taxa having a hypertrophied axial proboscis. (4) Nautillienellidae. Parasitic/commensal of bivalves. Found to be either the sister group to the Pilargidae or Syllidae (Glasby 1993). (5) Oenonidae. In most cases, there is a parasitic phase of life cycle in other Methods polychaetes. Sister group among taxa with a hypertrophied ventral proboscis. (6) Spintheridae. 'Parasitic' on sponges, probable sister group in the Taxa considered amphinomid/euphrosinid clade. Rouse & Fauchald (1995) identified the Echiura as the sister group to the
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Boccardia Proboscidea Class: Polychaeta, Sedentaria, Canalipalpata
    Phylum: Annelida Boccardia proboscidea Class: Polychaeta, Sedentaria, Canalipalpata Order: Spionida, Spioniformia A burrowing spionid worm Family: Spionidae Taxonomy: Boccardia proboscidea’s senior Trunk: subjective synonym, Polydora californica Posterior: Pygidium is a round, flaring (Treadwell, 1914) and an un-typified name, disc with four unequal lobes where dorsal Spio californica (Fewkes, 1889) were both lobes are smaller (Fig. 4) (Hartman 1969). suppressed in 2012 by the International Parapodia: Biramous after first setiger. Commission on Zoological Nomenclature Podia on the first setiger are not lobed, small (ICZN, case 3520). The widely cited and and inconspicuous. The second setiger's used name, Boccardia proboscidea parapodial lobes become twice as large as (Hartman, 1940) was conserved (ICZN the first's, and continue to worm posterior. 2012). Setae (chaetae): All setae are simple and in- clude bunches of short, capillary spines to se- Description tiger six (except for modified setiger five) Size: Specimens up to 30–35 mm in length (Figs. 5a, b). A transverse row of and 1.5 mm in width, where length extends approximately eight neuropodial uncini with age (Hartman 1940). The illustrated (hooded hooks) with bifid (two-pronged) tips specimen has approximately 130 segments begins on setiger seven and continues to (Fig. 1). posterior end (Fig. 5e), with bunches of Color: Yellow-orange with red branchiae capillary setae below them (until setiger 11). and dusky areas around prostomium and Notosetae of setiger five are heavy, dark and parapodia (Hartman 1969). Sato-Okoshi arranged vertically in two rows of five with and Okoshi (1997) report black pigment fol- pairs of long, falcate spines (Fig.
    [Show full text]
  • Catálogo Das Espécies De Annelida Polychaeta Do Brasil
    CATÁLOGO DAS ESPÉCIES DE ANNELIDA POLYCHAETA DO BRASIL A. Cecília Z. Amaral Silvana A. Henriques Nallin Tatiana Menchini Steiner Depto. Zoologia, Inst. Biologia, UNICAMP, CP 6109, 13083-970, Campinas, SP, Brasil. E-mail: [email protected]; [email protected] Esta compilação das espécies de poliquetas do Brasil é dedicada a todos aqueles que em algum momento tiveram o privilégio de admirar a beleza e avaliar a importância que este grupo representa para a ciência. A.C.Z.A. Este trabalho deve ser citado como: AMARAL, A.C.Z., NALLIN, S.A.H. & STEINER, T.M. 2006. Catálogo das espécies de Annelida Polychaeta do Brasil. http://www.ib.unicamp.br/destaques\biota\bentos_marinho\prod_cien\texto_poli.pdf (consultado em ... ). Campinas 2006 INTRODUÇÃO Os primeiros registros de poliquetas do Brasil foram publicados por Müller (1858), que descreveu treze novas espécies marinhas da Ilha de Santa Catarina, e por Kinberg (1865, 1910) com algumas espécies coletadas pela expedição “Eugenies” ao largo da costa brasileira. A edição de 1910 é excelente e apresenta pranchas de primoroso trabalho gráfico. Hartman (1948) publicou uma revisão destas espécies descritas por Kinberg entre os anos de 1865 e 1910, tornando-se um importante trabalho taxonômico, que contém minuciosa e bem documentada descrição e discussão de muitas dessas espécies. Hansen (1882), a partir de material proveniente, principalmente, da região do Rio de Janeiro, descreveu 42 espécies de poliquetas colecionadas por Edouard Joseph L.M. van Beneden durante uma viagem ao Brasil e à Argentina. Os trabalhos de Friedrich (1950) e Tebble (1960), com material procedente do Atlântico Sul, devem ser os mais conhecidos.
    [Show full text]
  • Thelepus Crispus Class: Polychaeta, Sedentaria, Canalipalpata
    Phylum: Annelida Thelepus crispus Class: Polychaeta, Sedentaria, Canalipalpata Order: Terebellida, Terebellomorpha A terebellid worm Family: Terebellidae, Theleponinae Description (Hartman 1969). Notosetae present from Size: Individuals range in size from 70–280 second branchial segment (third body mm in length (Hartman 1969). The greatest segment) and continue almost to the worm body width at segments 10–16 is 13 mm (88 posterior (to 14th segment from end in mature –147 segments). The dissected individual specimens) (Hutchings and Glasby 1986). All on which this description is based was 120 neurosetae short handled, avicular (bird-like) mm in length (from Coos Bay, Fig. 1). uncini, imbedded in a single row on oval- Color: Pinkish orange and cream with bright shaped tori (Figs. 3, 5) where the single row red branchiae, dark pink prostomium and curves into a hook, then a ring in latter gray tentacles and peristomium. segments (Fig. 3). Each uncinus bears a General Morphology: Worm rather stout thick, short fang surmounted by 4–5 small and cigar-shaped. teeth (Hartman 1969) (two in this specimen) Body: Two distinct body regions consisting (Fig. 4). Uncini begin on the fifth body of a broad thorax with neuro- and notopodia segment (third setiger), however, Johnson and a tapering abdomen with only neuropo- (1901) and Hartman (1969) have uncini dia. beginning on setiger two. Anterior: Prostomium reduced, with Eyes/Eyespots: None. ample dorsal flap transversely corrugated Anterior Appendages: Feeding tentacles are dorsally (Fig. 5). Peristomium with circlet of long (Fig. 1), filamentous, white and mucus strongly grooved, unbranched tentacles (Fig. covered. 5), which cannot be retracted fully (as in Am- Branchiae: Branchiae present (subfamily pharctidae).
    [Show full text]
  • In Worms Geoff Read NIWA New Zealand
    Brussels, 28-30 September Polychaeta (Annelida) in WoRMS Geoff Read NIWA New Zealand www.marinespecies.org/polychaeta/index.php Context interface Swimming — an unexpected skill of Polychaeta Acrocirridae Alciopidae Syllidae Nereididae Teuthidodr ilus = squidworm Acrocirridae Polynoidae Swima bombiviridis Syllidae Total WoRMS Polychaeta records, excluding fossils 91 valid families. Entries >98% editor checked, except Echiura (69%) Group in WoRMS all taxa all species valid species names names names Class Polychaeta 23,872 20,135 11,615 Subclass Echiura 296 234 197 Echiura were recently a Subclass Errantia 12,686 10,849 6,210 separate phylum Subclass Polychaeta incertae sedis 354 265 199 Subclass Sedentaria 10,528 8,787 5,009 Non-marine Polychaeta 28 16 (3 terrestrial) Class Clitellata* 1601 1086 (279 Hirudinea) *Total valid non-leech clitellates~5000 spp, 1700 aquatic. (Martin et al. 2008) Annelida diversity "It is now clear that annelids, in addition to including a large number of species, encompass a much greater disparity of body plans than previously anticipated, including animals that are segmented and unsegmented, with and without parapodia, with and without chaetae, coelomate and acoelomate, with straight guts and with U-shaped digestive tracts, from microscopic to gigantic." (Andrade et al. 2015) Andrade et al (2015) “Articulating “archiannelids”: Phylogenomics and annelid relationships, with emphasis on meiofaunal taxa.” Molecular Biology and Evolution, efirst Myzostomida (images Summers et al)EV Nautilus: Riftia Semenov: Terebellidae Annelida latest phylogeny “… it is now well accepted that Annelida includes many taxa formerly considered different phyla or with supposed affiliations with other animal groups, such as Sipuncula, Echiura, Pogonophora and Vestimentifera, Myzostomida, or Diurodrilida (Struck et al.
    [Show full text]
  • Taxonomy and Distribution of Pectinariidae (Annelida) from Iceland with a Comparative Analysis of Uncinal Morphology
    European Journal of Taxonomy 666: 1–32 ISSN 2118-9773 https://doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2020.666 www.europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu 2020 · Parapar J. et al. This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY 4.0). Research article urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:2E0FAA1D-DA9A-4486-805F-9DA3DF928539 Taxonomy and distribution of Pectinariidae (Annelida) from Iceland with a comparative analysis of uncinal morphology Julio PARAPAR 1,*, Verónica PALOMANES 2, Gudmundur V. HELGASON 3 & Juan MOREIRA 4 1,2 Departamento de Bioloxía, Universidade da Coruña, 15008 A Coruña, Spain. 3 Deceased 9 May 2020. Former addresss: RORUM ehf., Brynjólfsgötu 5, 107 Reykjavík, Iceland. 4 Departamento de Biología (Zoología), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain. 4 Centro de Investigación en Biodiversidad y Cambio Global (CIBC-UAM), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain. * Corresponding author: [email protected] 2 Email: [email protected] 4 Email: [email protected] 1 urn:lsid:zoobank.org:author:CE188F30-C9B0-44B1-8098-402D2A2F9BA5 2 urn:lsid:zoobank.org:author:6C644341-D35B-42B6-9857-5F119457A424 3 urn:lsid:zoobank.org:author:32B3520E-1D49-4B77-BF81-2AAE3FE76363 4 urn:lsid:zoobank.org:author:B1E38B9B-7751-46E0-BEFD-7C77F7BBBEF0 This paper is dedicated to Guðmundur Vidir Helgason who passed away on 9 May 2020, just before publication of this paper. Project Manager at RORUM, an environmental research and consulting company, he was previously a Project Coordinator for the BIOICE program (Benthic Invertebrates of Icelandic Waters) and Director of the Sandgerði Marine Centre from 1992 to 2013, being one of the organizers of the 7th International Polychaete Conference (Reykjavík, July 2001).
    [Show full text]
  • OREGON ESTUARINE INVERTEBRATES an Illustrated Guide to the Common and Important Invertebrate Animals
    OREGON ESTUARINE INVERTEBRATES An Illustrated Guide to the Common and Important Invertebrate Animals By Paul Rudy, Jr. Lynn Hay Rudy Oregon Institute of Marine Biology University of Oregon Charleston, Oregon 97420 Contract No. 79-111 Project Officer Jay F. Watson U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service 500 N.E. Multnomah Street Portland, Oregon 97232 Performed for National Coastal Ecosystems Team Office of Biological Services Fish and Wildlife Service U.S. Department of Interior Washington, D.C. 20240 Table of Contents Introduction CNIDARIA Hydrozoa Aequorea aequorea ................................................................ 6 Obelia longissima .................................................................. 8 Polyorchis penicillatus 10 Tubularia crocea ................................................................. 12 Anthozoa Anthopleura artemisia ................................. 14 Anthopleura elegantissima .................................................. 16 Haliplanella luciae .................................................................. 18 Nematostella vectensis ......................................................... 20 Metridium senile .................................................................... 22 NEMERTEA Amphiporus imparispinosus ................................................ 24 Carinoma mutabilis ................................................................ 26 Cerebratulus californiensis .................................................. 28 Lineus ruber .........................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Soil-Dwelling Polychaetes: Enigmatic As Ever? Some Hints on Their
    Contributions to Zoology, 70 (3) 127-138 (2001) SPB Academic Publishing bv, The Hague Soil-dwelling polychaetes: enigmatic as ever? Some hints on their phylogenetic relationships as suggested by a maximum parsimony analysis of 18S rRNA gene sequences ³ Emilia Rota Patrick Martin² & Christer Erséus ¹, 1 di Dipartimento Biologia Evolutivei. Universitd di Siena, via P. A. Mattioli 4. IT-53100 Siena, Italy, e-mail: 2 Institut des Sciences naturelles de des [email protected]; royal Belgique, Biologic Eaux donees, 29 rue Vautier, B-1000 e-mail: 3 Bruxelles, Belgium, [email protected]; Department of Invertebrate Zoology, Swedish Museum of Natural History, Box 50007, SE-104 05 Stockholm, Sweden, e-mail: [email protected] Keywords: Terrestrial Polychaeta, Parergodrilus heideri, Stygocapitella subterranea, Hrabeiella I8S rRNA periglandulata, gene, molecular phylogeny, rapid radiation Abstract Collectionof new specimens 130 DNA extraction, amplification and sequencing 130 Alignment To re-evaluate 130 the various hypotheses on the systematic position of Phylogenetic analyses 130 Parergodrilus heideri Reisinger, 1925 and Hrabeiella Results 132 periglandulata Pizl & Chalupský, 1984,the sole truly terrestrial Discussion 132 non-clitellateannelidsknown to date, their phylogenetic relation- ships Acknowledgements 136 were investigated using a data set of new 18S rDNA References 136 of sequences these and other five relevant annelid taxa, including an unknown of species Ctenodrilidae, as well as homologous sequences available for 18 already polychaetes, one aphano- neuran, 11 clitellates, two pogonophorans, one echiuran, one Introduction sipunculan, three molluscs and two arthropods. Two different alignments were constructed, according to analgorithmic method terrestrial forms constitute (Clustal Truly a tiny minority W) and on the basis of a secondary structure model non-clitellate annelids, (DCSE), A maximum parsimony analysis was performed with among only represented by arthropods asan unambiguous outgroup.
    [Show full text]
  • Diversidade Morfológica E Molecular De Polychaeta Do Arquipélago De São Pedro E São Paulo
    UNIVERSIDADE FEDERAL DO RIO DE JANEIRO Campus MACAÉ - PROFESSOR ALOÍSIO TEIXEIRA PROGRAMA DE PÓS-GRADUAÇÃO EM CIÊNCIAS AMBIENTAIS E CONSERVAÇÃO Rannyele Passos Ribeiro Diversidade Morfológica e Molecular de Polychaeta do Arquipélago de São Pedro e São Paulo MACAÉ 2015 Rannnyele Passos Ribeiro Diversidade Morfológica e Molecular de Polychaeta do Arquipélago de São Pedro e São Paulo Dissertação apresentada ao Programa de Pós- Graduação em Ciências Ambientais e Conservação, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Campus Professor Aloísio Teixeira- Macaé, em cumprimento das exigências para a obtenção do título de Mestre em Ciências Ambientais e Conservação. Orientadora: Profa. Christine Ruta Co-orientadores: Profa. Joana Zanol e Prof. Paulo Paiva MACAÉ 2015 Ribeiro, Rannyele Passos. P484d Diversidade morfológica e molecular de Polychaeta o Arquipélago de São Pedro e São Paulo / Rannyele Passos Ribeiro. – Macaé, 2015. 95 f. Orientador: Prof. Christine Ruta Coorientadores: Profa. Joana Zanol Prof. Paulo Paiva Dissertação (mestrado) – Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Campus Macaé, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Ambientais e Conservação, 2015. 1. Polychaeta. 2. DNA barcoding . 3. Arquipélago de São Pedro e São Paulo. I. Ruta, Christine, orient. II. Zanol, Joana, coorient. IV. Paiva, Paulo, coorient. V. Título. RANNYELE PASSOS RIBEIRO Diversidade Morfológica e Molecular de Polychaeta do Arquipélago de São Pedro e São Paulo Dissertação aprovada em cumprimento das exigências para obtenção do grau de Mestre em Ciências Ambientais e Conservação, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro Campus Macaé - Professor Aloísio Teixeira, pela seguinte banca examinadora: _____________________________________ Profa. Dra. Christine Ruta Presidente _____________________________________ Prof. Rodrigo Nunes da Fonseca Titular Interno _____________________________________ Prof. Carlos Alberto de Moura Barboza Titular Externo _____________________________________ Prof.
    [Show full text]
  • Await in Deep-Pelagic Habitats the Remarkable Squidworm Is An
    Downloaded from rsbl.royalsocietypublishing.org on November 24, 2010 The remarkable squidworm is an example of discoveries that await in deep-pelagic habitats Karen J. Osborn, Laurence P. Madin and Greg W. Rouse Biol. Lett. published online 24 November 2010 doi: 10.1098/rsbl.2010.0923 Supplementary data "Data Supplement" http://rsbl.royalsocietypublishing.org/content/suppl/2010/11/19/rsbl.2010.0923.DC1.ht ml References This article cites 12 articles, 1 of which can be accessed free http://rsbl.royalsocietypublishing.org/content/early/2010/11/19/rsbl.2010.0923.full.html #ref-list-1 P<P Published online 24 November 2010 in advance of the print journal. Subject collections Articles on similar topics can be found in the following collections taxonomy and systematics (299 articles) evolution (2221 articles) Receive free email alerts when new articles cite this article - sign up in the box at the top Email alerting service right-hand corner of the article or click here Advance online articles have been peer reviewed and accepted for publication but have not yet appeared in the paper journal (edited, typeset versions may be posted when available prior to final publication). Advance online articles are citable and establish publication priority; they are indexed by PubMed from initial publication. Citations to Advance online articles must include the digital object identifier (DOIs) and date of initial publication. To subscribe to Biol. Lett. go to: http://rsbl.royalsocietypublishing.org/subscriptions This journal is © 2010 The Royal Society Downloaded from rsbl.royalsocietypublishing.org on November 24, 2010 Biol. Lett. mixing with basin water, resulting in long residence doi:10.1098/rsbl.2010.0923 times for water below 1500 m [2].
    [Show full text]
  • Polychaete Worms Definitions and Keys to the Orders, Families and Genera
    THE POLYCHAETE WORMS DEFINITIONS AND KEYS TO THE ORDERS, FAMILIES AND GENERA THE POLYCHAETE WORMS Definitions and Keys to the Orders, Families and Genera By Kristian Fauchald NATURAL HISTORY MUSEUM OF LOS ANGELES COUNTY In Conjunction With THE ALLAN HANCOCK FOUNDATION UNIVERSITY OF SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA Science Series 28 February 3, 1977 TABLE OF CONTENTS PREFACE vii ACKNOWLEDGMENTS ix INTRODUCTION 1 CHARACTERS USED TO DEFINE HIGHER TAXA 2 CLASSIFICATION OF POLYCHAETES 7 ORDERS OF POLYCHAETES 9 KEY TO FAMILIES 9 ORDER ORBINIIDA 14 ORDER CTENODRILIDA 19 ORDER PSAMMODRILIDA 20 ORDER COSSURIDA 21 ORDER SPIONIDA 21 ORDER CAPITELLIDA 31 ORDER OPHELIIDA 41 ORDER PHYLLODOCIDA 45 ORDER AMPHINOMIDA 100 ORDER SPINTHERIDA 103 ORDER EUNICIDA 104 ORDER STERNASPIDA 114 ORDER OWENIIDA 114 ORDER FLABELLIGERIDA 115 ORDER FAUVELIOPSIDA 117 ORDER TEREBELLIDA 118 ORDER SABELLIDA 135 FIVE "ARCHIANNELIDAN" FAMILIES 152 GLOSSARY 156 LITERATURE CITED 161 INDEX 180 Preface THE STUDY of polychaetes used to be a leisurely I apologize to my fellow polychaete workers for occupation, practised calmly and slowly, and introducing a complex superstructure in a group which the presence of these worms hardly ever pene- so far has been remarkably innocent of such frills. A trated the consciousness of any but the small group great number of very sound partial schemes have been of invertebrate zoologists and phylogenetlcists inter- suggested from time to time. These have been only ested in annulated creatures. This is hardly the case partially considered. The discussion is complex enough any longer. without the inclusion of speculations as to how each Studies of marine benthos have demonstrated that author would have completed his or her scheme, pro- these animals may be wholly dominant both in num- vided that he or she had had the evidence and inclina- bers of species and in numbers of specimens.
    [Show full text]
  • In Deep-Sea Habitats Around the Iberian Margin
    Deep-Sea Research II ∎ (∎∎∎∎) ∎∎∎–∎∎∎ Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Deep-Sea Research II journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/dsr2 Taxonomy, distribution and ecology of the order Phyllodocida (Annelida, Polychaeta) in deep-sea habitats around the Iberian margin Ascensão Ravara a,n, Diana Ramos b, Marcos A.L. Teixeira c, Filipe O. Costa c, Marina R. Cunha a a Departamento de Biologia & CESAM, Universidade de Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal b Departamento de Biologia, Universidade de Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal c Centro de Biologia Molecular Ambiental (CBMA), Departamento de Biologia, Universidade do Minho, Braga, Portugal article info abstract The polychaetes of the order Phyllodocida (excluding Nereidiformia and Phyllodociformia incertae sedis) Keywords: collected from deep-sea habitats of the Iberian margin (Bay of Biscay, Horseshoe continental rise, Gulf of Polychaeta Cadiz and Alboran Sea), and Atlantic seamounts (Gorringe Bank, Atlantis and Nameless) are reported Phyllodocida herein. Thirty-six species belonging to seven families – Acoetidae, Pholoidae, Polynoidae, Sigalionidae, Deep-sea Glyceridae, Goniadidae and Phyllodocidae, were identified. Amended descriptions and/or new illustra- Iberian margin tions are given for the species Allmaniella setubalensis, Anotochaetonoe michelbhaudi, Lepidasthenia Barcoding brunnea and Polynoe sp. Relevant taxonomical notes are provided for other seventeen species. Allmaniella setubalensis, Anotochaetonoe michelbhaudi, Harmothoe evei, Eumida longicirrata and Glycera noelae, pre- viously known only from their type localities were found in different deep-water places of the studied areas and constitute new records for the Iberian margin. The geographic distributions and the bathy- metric range of thirteen and fifteen species, respectively, are extended. The morphology-based biodi- versity inventory was complemented with DNA sequences of the mitochondrial barcode region (COI barcodes) providing a molecular tag for future reference.
    [Show full text]
  • A Survey of Fresh-Water Oligochaeta and Their Commensal Ciliates from the Richmond, Virginia Area Elsa Queen Falls
    University of Richmond UR Scholarship Repository Master's Theses Student Research Spring 1972 A survey of fresh-water oligochaeta and their commensal ciliates from the Richmond, Virginia area Elsa Queen Falls Follow this and additional works at: http://scholarship.richmond.edu/masters-theses Recommended Citation Falls, Elsa Queen, "A survey of fresh-water oligochaeta and their commensal ciliates from the Richmond, Virginia area" (1972). Master's Theses. Paper 343. This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the Student Research at UR Scholarship Repository. It has been accepted for inclusion in Master's Theses by an authorized administrator of UR Scholarship Repository. For more information, please contact [email protected]. A SURVEY OF FRESH-WATER OLIGOCHAETA AND THEIR COMMENSAL CILIATES FROM THE RICHMOND, VIRGINIA AREJ\ BY ELSA QUEEN FALLS A THESIS SUBMITTED TO THE GRADUATE FACULTY OF THE UNIVERSITY OF RICHMOND IN CANDIDACY FOR THE DEGREE OF MASTER OF AR TS IN BIOLOGY JUNE 1972 LIBRARY UNIVERSITY OF RICHMOND VIRGINIA A SURVEY OF FRESH-WATER OLTGOCHAETA AND THEIR COMMENSAL CILIATES FROM THE RICHMOND, VIRGINIA AREA APPROVED: THESIS COMMITTEE ·~ TABLE OF CONTENTS ACKNOWLEDGMENTS ••••••••••••••••••• ii INTRODUCTION •••••••••••••••••••••• 1 MATERIALS AND METHODS ••••••••••••• 4 RESULTS ••••••••••••••••••••••••••• 7 DISCUSSION •••••••••••••••••••••••• 17 SUMMARY • •••••••••••••••••••••••••• 22 LITERATURE CITED •••••••••••••••••• 24 FIGURES ••••••••••••••••.•••••••••• 2~ ADDENDUM .. ••••••••••••••••••••••••• 31 VITA • ••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• 3 7 11 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS I would like to express my apr)reciation to the following faculty members of the Department of Biology: Dr. Nolan E. Rice, under whose direction this study was completed; Drs. Warwick R. West <ind John W. Bishop, who served with Dr. Rice as members of my thesis committee; and Dr.
    [Show full text]