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Invert10 2 217 243 Jirkov for Inet.P65 Invertebrate Zoology, 2013, 10(2): 217243 © INVERTEBRATE ZOOLOGY, 2013 Identification keys for Terebellomorpha (Polychaeta) of the eastern Atlantic and the North Polar Basin I.A. Jirkov1, M.K. Leontovich2 Department of Hydrobiology, Moscow Lomonosov State University, 119899, Moscow, Russia. e-mail: [email protected]; [email protected] ABSTRACT. New user-friendly identification keys for 117 species of Pectinariidae, Ampharetidae, and Terebellidae from the eastern Atlantic and the North Polar Basin are presented. A new species Auchenoplax worsfoldi sp.n. is described. Three names Amphi- trite affinis, Pista malmgreni, and Terebellides irinae are proposed as junior synonyms to other species. How to cite this article: Jirkov I.A., Leontovich M.K. 2013. Identification keys for Terebellomorpha (Polychaeta) of the eastern Atlantic and the North Polar Basin // Invert. Zool. Vol.10. No.2. P.217243. KEY WORDS: identification key, Polychaeta, Pectinariidae, Ampharetidae, Terebellidae, Eastern Atlantic, North Polar Basin. Êëþ÷è äëÿ îïðåäåëåíèÿ Terebellomorpha (Polychaeta) Âîñòî÷íîé Àòëàíòèêè è Ñåâåðíîãî Ëåäîâèòîãî îêåàíà È.A. Æèðêîâ1, M.K. Ëåîíòîâè÷2 Êàôåäðà ãèäðîáèîëîãèè, Áèîëîãè÷åñêèé ôàêóëüòåò, Ìîñêîâñêèé ãîñóäàðñòâåííûé óíèâåð- ñèòåò èì. Ì.Â. Ëîìîíîñîâà, 119899, Ìîñêâà, Ðîññèÿ. e-mail: [email protected]; [email protected] ÐÅÇÞÌÅ. Ñîñòàâëåíû íîâûå êëþ÷è äëÿ îïðåäåëåíèÿ 117 âèäîâ Pectinariidae, Ampharetidae è Terebellidae Âîñòî÷íîé Àòëàíòèêè è Ñåâåðíîãî Ëåäîâèòîãî îêåàíà. Ïðè ñîñòàâëåíèè êëþ÷åé îñîáîå âíèìàíèå áûëî îáðàùåíî íà ë¸ãêîñòü èõ èñïîëüçî- âàíèÿ. Îïèñàí íîâûé âèä Auchenoplax worsfoldi. Òðè íàçâàíèÿ: Amphitrite affinis, Pista malmgreni, è Terebellides irinae ïðåäëîæåíî ðàññìàòðèâàòü êàê ìëàäøèå ñèíîíèìû äðóãèõ íàçâàíèé. Êàê öèòèðîâàòü ýòó ñòàòüþ: Jirkov I.A., Leontovich M.K. 2013. Identification keys for Terebellomorpha (Polychaeta) of the eastern Atlantic and the North Polar Basin // Invert. Zool. Vol.10. No.2. P.217243. ÊËÞ×ÅÂÛÅ ÑËÎÂÀ: îïðåäåëèòåëüíûé êëþ÷, Polychaeta, Pectinariidae, Ampha- retidae, Terebellidae, Âîñòî÷íàÿ Àòëàíòèêà, Ñåâåðíûé Ëåäîâèòûé îêåàí. Introduction included as they may later be found in the main area covered. Additional general faunistic works treating Terebellomorpha in the North East At- The keys cover the shelf of the eastern lantic and the Arctic include Fauvel (1927), Atlantic (to the north, from the Bay of Biscay) Hartmann-Schröder (1971, 1996), Holthe (1976), and the North Polar Basin (shelf and deep (Jirkov, 2001). The species list is given in the water). Some Mediterranean species are also Appendix. 218 I.A. Jirkov, M.K. Leontovich Fig. 1. External morphology of Terebellomorpha. Ðèñ. 1. Íàðóæíàÿ ìîðôîëîãèÿ Terebellomorpha. The terebellomorph Polychaeta are bristle External morphology (Fig 1) worms of small to medium, seldom large, size. Terebellomorpha is an order of Polychaeta The largest species in European waters may which is characterised by the presence of buc- reach a length of about 20 cm, but most species cal tentacles, notopodia with simple bristles are 210 cm in length. Three families are known and neuropodia with uncini. Terminology for from the area: Pectinariidae, Ampharetidae and the segmentation of the anterior end differs Terebellidae. Some authors include Sabellari- slightly between publications and can be a source idae in Terebellomorpha but we do not accept of confusion. However, for the keys presented this. here, the problems are avoided. Terebellomorph polychaetes can be found The body of Terebellomorpha can be subdi- from the intertidal to depths of more than 9 km, vided into the thorax and abdomen. The thorax is the anterior part of the body with notopodia. in all types of substrata, but especially in soft The abdomen is the posterior part of the body, sediments and among stones and kelp. All of without notopodial chaetae (rudimentary noto- them are deposit feeders, usually surface, some- podia without chaetae may be present). Neu- times subsurface, and some (Lanice conchilega ropodia are usually present in the abdomen, but at least) can feed by filtering water. Almost all Pectinariidae and some Polycirrinae have no Terebellomorpha build tubes, which are very abdominal neuropodia. Some Terebellinae have characteristic for pectinariids (as a family); notopodia on all or almost all segments, in these tube structure is sometimes a species-specific cases there is no distinct thorax/abdomen sub- character. division. Keys to European Terebellomorpha 219 Taxonomy one figure is present, it relates to the first part of The taxonomic system accepted here fol- the couplet. lows Jirkov (2001, 2011) and Jirkov et al. Geographical range is a species characteris- (2001), except for the generic diagnoses within tic, and is given for each species. the Trichobranchinae, which follows Muir (2010). Several authors accept Trichobranchi- Explanation of terms, used in keys nae as a family but, in our opinion, this is not Avicular uncini flattened uncini with a correct, and now an increasing number of poly- short or long shaft and a large rostrum (also chaetologists share the same opinion. Generic called a beak or fang) with one or more rows of definitions and numbers of genera are matters secondary teeth distally. for discussion. Branchiae notopodial cirri of anterior segments, they may be of several different Identification shapes. All characters mentioned in the first sen- Branchophore and branchostyle as the tence of each key couplet are obligate. Charac- branchiae of Terebellomorpha are obviously ters mentioned in the second sentence are not forms of dorsal cirri, these terms are used for obligate but can often help in identification. To the basal and distal joints of branchiae analo- shorten and simplify the keys, some steps have gous to the cirrophore and cirrostyle. more than two alternatives, so take care. It is Buccal tentacles tentacles attached within strongly recommended to identify several spec- or near the mouth. imens together rather than a single individual. Nephridial papilla a papilla including Use of methyl blue often makes morphological the external opening of one of the excretory characters more visible. organs. The most important characters for different Paleae (single palea) simple, often families differ considerably but, usually for enlarged, forward-pointing notochaetae of the identification, it is necessary to count segments first chaetiger in Pectinariidae and some Amph- with different types of parapodia. For most aretidae. characters mentioned in the key it is not neces- Pectinate uncini small flattened chaetae sary to prepare slides and use a compound (in terebellomorphs always neurochaetae) with microscope. Even double rows of uncini can a short shaft and one or more vertical rows of usually be seen under a stereomicroscope with large teeth giving a comb-like appearance. some experience, though it is initially better to Ventral glandular shield the delimited check under a compound microscope. In only a ventral surface of a thoracic segment, usually few cases is use of a compound microscope covering glandular tissue, thicker and usually necessary within the Terebellidae key, where more whitish than neighbouring parts. we did not have enough material for investiga- Uncini (single uncinus) plates with tion of external morphology to find better char- teeth. The structure of uncini (number and ar- acters. In most cases, low (100200 times) rangement of teeth) is one of the most important magnification will be enough. In small speci- taxonomic characters. mens, chaetae can be viewed directly from specimens placed upside-down under a cover- For species ranges, we used terms explained glass. In larger specimens it is necessary to tear in our paper (Jirkov, Leontovich, 2012). off a neuropodium for examination. Some addi- Abbreviations tional remarks for identification are given in AU abdominal unciniger. appropriate places in the keys. S segment. Figures shown to the left or uppermost relate C chaetiger. to the first part of the couplet, those shown to the TC thoracic chaetiger. right or lowermost relate to the second. If only TU thoracic unciniger. 220 I.A. Jirkov, M.K. Leontovich An abbreviation with a number refers to a No one key is complete and perfect. If you segment: i.e. S2 means the second segment have any difficulties or problems, do not hesi- Numbers in brackets indicate ranges of values. tate to contact us by e-mail or by other means. Pectinariidae 1. Tips of paleal chaetae blunt . 2 Tips of paleal chaetae tapering ................Pectinaria (partim)...3 2. Tentacular membrane serrated . Pectinaria granulata Shallow water, high Boreal. Tentacular membrane smooth ............... Petta pusilla Shallow water, Boreal-Lusitanian. 3. Dorsal brim with cirri ............... Pectinaria auricoma Sublittoral-bathyal, widespread Boreal. Dorsal brim smooth ................................................. 4 4. 12 TU........................................................................................................................................ 5 13 TU ........................................................................................................... Pectinaria belgica Shallow water, Boreal-Lusitanian 5. Tentacular membrane joined with the base of first pair of branchiae .................................................. Pectinaria koreni Shallow water, widelspread Boreal. Tentacular membrane free; does not with base of first pair of branchiae ...................................... Pectinaria hyperborea Low sublittoral, Arctic
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