A Case Study Based on the Wondrous Order Plants Table
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European Academic Research
EUROPEAN ACADEMIC RESEARCH Vol. IV, Issue 10/ January 2017 Impact Factor: 3.4546 (UIF) ISSN 2286-4822 DRJI Value: 5.9 (B+) www.euacademic.org Evidences from morphological investigations supporting APGIII and APGIV Classification of the family Apocynaceae Juss., nom. cons IKRAM MADANI Department of Botany, Faculty of Science University of Khartoum, Sudan LAYALY IBRAHIM ALI Faculty of Science, University Shandi EL BUSHRA EL SHEIKH EL NUR Department of Botany, Faculty of Science University of Khartoum, Sudan Abstract: Apocynaceae have traditionally been divided into into two subfamilies, the Plumerioideae and the Apocynoideae. Recently, based on molecular data, classification of Apocynaceae has undergone considerable revisions. According to the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group III (APGIII, 2009), and the update of the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group APG (APGIV, 2016) the family Asclepiadaceae is now included in the Apocynaceae. The family, as currently recognized, includes some 1500 species divided in about 424 genera and five subfamilies: Apocynoideae, Rauvolfioideae, Asclepiadoideae, Periplocoideae, and Secamonoideae. In this research selected species from the previous families Asclepiadaceae and Apocynaceae were morphologically investigated in an attempt to distinguish morphological important characters supporting their new molecular classification. 40 morphological characters were treated as variables and analyzed for cluster of average linkage between groups using the statistical package SPSS 16.0. Resulting dendrograms confirm the relationships between species from the previous families on the basis of their flowers, fruits, 8259 Ikram Madani, Layaly Ibrahim Ali, El Bushra El Sheikh El Nur- Evidences from morphological investigations supporting APGIII and APGIV. Classification of the family Apocynaceae Juss., nom. cons and seeds morphology. Close relationships were reported between species from the same subfamilies. -
Full of Beans: a Study on the Alignment of Two Flowering Plants Classification Systems
Full of beans: a study on the alignment of two flowering plants classification systems Yi-Yun Cheng and Bertram Ludäscher School of Information Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, USA {yiyunyc2,ludaesch}@illinois.edu Abstract. Advancements in technologies such as DNA analysis have given rise to new ways in organizing organisms in biodiversity classification systems. In this paper, we examine the feasibility of aligning two classification systems for flowering plants using a logic-based, Region Connection Calculus (RCC-5) ap- proach. The older “Cronquist system” (1981) classifies plants using their mor- phological features, while the more recent Angiosperm Phylogeny Group IV (APG IV) (2016) system classifies based on many new methods including ge- nome-level analysis. In our approach, we align pairwise concepts X and Y from two taxonomies using five basic set relations: congruence (X=Y), inclusion (X>Y), inverse inclusion (X<Y), overlap (X><Y), and disjointness (X!Y). With some of the RCC-5 relationships among the Fabaceae family (beans family) and the Sapindaceae family (maple family) uncertain, we anticipate that the merging of the two classification systems will lead to numerous merged solutions, so- called possible worlds. Our research demonstrates how logic-based alignment with ambiguities can lead to multiple merged solutions, which would not have been feasible when aligning taxonomies, classifications, or other knowledge or- ganization systems (KOS) manually. We believe that this work can introduce a novel approach for aligning KOS, where merged possible worlds can serve as a minimum viable product for engaging domain experts in the loop. Keywords: taxonomy alignment, KOS alignment, interoperability 1 Introduction With the advent of large-scale technologies and datasets, it has become increasingly difficult to organize information using a stable unitary classification scheme over time. -
Computer Vision Cracks the Leaf Code
Computer vision cracks the leaf code Peter Wilfa,1, Shengping Zhangb,c,1, Sharat Chikkerurd, Stefan A. Littlea,e, Scott L. Wingf, and Thomas Serreb,1 aDepartment of Geosciences, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802; bDepartment of Cognitive, Linguistic and Psychological Sciences, Brown Institute for Brain Science, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912; cSchool of Computer Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Weihai 264209, Shandong, People’s Republic of China; dAzure Machine Learning, Microsoft, Cambridge, MA 02142; eLaboratoire Ecologie, Systématique et Evolution, Université Paris-Sud, 91405 Orsay Cedex, France; and fDepartment of Paleobiology, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC 20013 Edited by Andrew H. Knoll, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, and approved February 1, 2016 (received for review December 14, 2015) Understanding the extremely variable, complex shape and venation species (15–19), and there is community interest in approaching this characters of angiosperm leaves is one of the most challenging problem through crowd-sourcing of images and machine-identifi- problems in botany. Machine learning offers opportunities to analyze cation contests (see www.imageclef.org). Nevertheless, very few large numbers of specimens, to discover novel leaf features of studies have made use of leaf venation (20, 21), and none has angiosperm clades that may have phylogenetic significance, and to attempted automated learning and classification above the species use those characters to classify unknowns. Previous computer vision level that may reveal characters with evolutionary significance. approaches have primarily focused on leaf identification at the species There is a developing literature on extraction and quantitative level. It remains an open question whether learning and classification analyses of whole-leaf venation networks (22–25). -
Field Identification of the 50 Most Common Plant Families in Temperate Regions
Field identification of the 50 most common plant families in temperate regions (including agricultural, horticultural, and wild species) by Lena Struwe [email protected] © 2016, All rights reserved. Note: Listed characteristics are the most common characteristics; there might be exceptions in rare or tropical species. This compendium is available for free download without cost for non- commercial uses at http://www.rci.rutgers.edu/~struwe/. The author welcomes updates and corrections. 1 Overall phylogeny – living land plants Bryophytes Mosses, liverworts, hornworts Lycophytes Clubmosses, etc. Ferns and Fern Allies Ferns, horsetails, moonworts, etc. Gymnosperms Conifers, pines, cycads and cedars, etc. Magnoliids Monocots Fabids Ranunculales Rosids Malvids Caryophyllales Ericales Lamiids The treatment for flowering plants follows the APG IV (2016) Campanulids classification. Not all branches are shown. © Lena Struwe 2016, All rights reserved. 2 Included families (alphabetical list): Amaranthaceae Geraniaceae Amaryllidaceae Iridaceae Anacardiaceae Juglandaceae Apiaceae Juncaceae Apocynaceae Lamiaceae Araceae Lauraceae Araliaceae Liliaceae Asphodelaceae Magnoliaceae Asteraceae Malvaceae Betulaceae Moraceae Boraginaceae Myrtaceae Brassicaceae Oleaceae Bromeliaceae Orchidaceae Cactaceae Orobanchaceae Campanulaceae Pinaceae Caprifoliaceae Plantaginaceae Caryophyllaceae Poaceae Convolvulaceae Polygonaceae Cucurbitaceae Ranunculaceae Cupressaceae Rosaceae Cyperaceae Rubiaceae Equisetaceae Rutaceae Ericaceae Salicaceae Euphorbiaceae Scrophulariaceae -
Download PDF 'Evolutionary Diversification of the Flowers in Angiosperms'
Zurich Open Repository and Archive University of Zurich Main Library Strickhofstrasse 39 CH-8057 Zurich www.zora.uzh.ch Year: 2011 Evolutionary diversification of the flowers in angiosperms Endress, P K Abstract: Angiosperms and their flowers have greatly diversified into an overwhelming array of forms in the past 135 million years. Diversification was shaped by changes in climate and the biological environ- ment (vegetation, interaction with other organisms) and by internal structural constraints and potentials. This review focuses on the development and structural diversity of flowers and structural constraints. It traces floral diversification in the different organs and organ complexes (perianth, androecium, gynoe- cium) through the major clades of extant angiosperms. The continuously improved results of molecular phylogenetics provide the framework for this endeavor, which is necessary for the understanding of the biology of the angiosperms and their flowers. Diversification appears to work with innovations and mod- ifications of form. Many structural innovations originated in several clades and in special cases could become key innovations, which likely were hot spots of diversification. Synorganization between organs was an important process to reach new structural levels, from which new diversifications originated. Com- plexity of synorganization reached peaks in Orchidaceae and Apocynaceae with the independent evolution of pollinaria. Such a review throughout the major clades of angiosperms also shows how superficial and fragmentary our knowledge on floral structure in many clades is. Fresh studies and a multidisciplinary approach are needed. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3732/ajb.1000299 Posted at the Zurich Open Repository and Archive, University of Zurich ZORA URL: https://doi.org/10.5167/uzh-51351 Journal Article Published Version Originally published at: Endress, P K (2011). -
Bremer Et Al. 2001
Plant Syst. Evol. 229: 137±169 <2001) A phylogenetic analysis of 100+ genera and 50+ families of euasterids based on morphological and molecular data with notes on possible higher level morphological synapomorphies K. Bremer1, A. Backlund2, B. Sennblad3, U. Swenson4, K. Andreasen5, M. Hjertson1, J. Lundberg1, M. Backlund1, and B. Bremer1 1Department of Systematic Botany, Evolutionary Biology Centre, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden 2Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden 3Stockholm Bioinformatics Center, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden 4Department of Botany, University of Stockholm, Stockholm, Sweden 5Molecular Systematics Laboratory, Swedish Museum of Natural History, Stockholm, Sweden Received August 28, 2000 Accepted August 7, 2001 Abstract. A data matrix of 143 morphological and epigynous ¯owers, ``late sympetaly'' with distinct chemical characters for 142 genera of euasterids petal primordia, free stamen ®laments, and indehi- according to the APG system was compiled and scent fruits. It is unclear which of these characters complemented with rbcL and ndhF sequences for represent synapomorphies and symplesiomorphies most of the genera. The data were subjected to for the two groups, respectively, and there are parsimony analysis and support was assessed by numerous expections to be interpreted as reversals bootstrapping. Strict consensus trees from analyses and parallelisms. of morphology alone and morphology + rbcL+ ndhF are presented. The morphological data re- Key words: Angiosperms, asterids, euasterids, cover several groups supported by molecular data Asteridae, Apiales, Aquifoliales, Asterales, but at the level of orders and above relationships Dipsacales, Garryales, Gentianales, Lamiales, are only super®cially in agreement with molecular Solanales, Adoxaceae. Cladistics, phylogeny, studies. The analyses provide support for mono- morphology, rbcL, ndhF. -
2 ANGIOSPERM PHYLOGENY GROUP (APG) SYSTEM History Of
ANGIOSPERM PHYLOGENY GROUP (APG) SYSTEM The Angiosperm Phylogeny Group, or APG, refers to an informal international group of systematic botanists who came together to try to establish a consensus view of the taxonomy of flowering plants (angiosperms) that would reflect new knowledge about their relationships based upon phylogenetic studies. As of 2010, three incremental versions of a classification system have resulted from this collaboration (published in 1998, 2003 and 2009). An important motivation for the group was what they viewed as deficiencies in prior angiosperm classifications, which were not based on monophyletic groups (i.e. groups consisting of all the descendants of a common ancestor). APG publications are increasingly influential, with a number of major herbaria changing the arrangement of their collections to match the latest APG system. Angiosperm classification and the APG Until detailed genetic evidence became available, the classification of flowering plants (also known as angiosperms, Angiospermae, Anthophyta or Magnoliophyta) was based on their morphology (particularly that of the flower) and their biochemistry (what kinds of chemical compound they contained or produced). Classification systems were typically produced by an individual botanist or by a small group. The result was a large number of such systems (see List of systems of plant taxonomy). Different systems and their updates tended to be favoured in different countries; e.g. the Engler system in continental Europe; the Bentham & Hooker system in Britain (particularly influential because it was used by Kew); the Takhtajan system in the former Soviet Union and countries within its sphere of influence; and the Cronquist system in the United States. -
Thirty Clues to the Exceptional Diversification of Flowering Plants
bioRxiv preprint doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/279620; this version posted March 15, 2018. The copyright holder for this preprint (which was not certified by peer review) is the author/funder, who has granted bioRxiv a license to display the preprint in perpetuity. It is made available under aCC-BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license. Thirty clues to the exceptional diversification of flowering plants Susana Magallón1, Luna L. Sánchez-Reyes2, Sandra L. Gómez-Acevedo1 5 1Departamento de Botánica, Instituto de Biología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, 3er Circuito de Ciudad Universitaria, Del. Coyoacán, Ciudad de México 04510, México. 2Posgrado en Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto de Biología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de 10 México, 3er Circuito de Ciudad Universitaria, Del. Coyoacán, Ciudad de México 04510, México. Author for correspondence: Susana Magallón Tel: +52 55 5622 9087 15 Email: [email protected] 1 bioRxiv preprint doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/279620; this version posted March 15, 2018. The copyright holder for this preprint (which was not certified by peer review) is the author/funder, who has granted bioRxiv a license to display the preprint in perpetuity. It is made available under aCC-BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license. Summary • As angiosperms became one of the megadiverse groups of macroscopic eukaryotes, they forged modern ecosystems and promoted the evolution of extant terrestrial biota. Unequal distribution of species among lineages suggests that diversification, the process which 20 ultimately determines species-richness, acted differentially through angiosperm evolution. • We investigate how angiosperms became megadiverse by identifying the phylogenetic and temporal placement of exceptional radiations, by combining the most densely fossil- calibrated molecular clock phylogeny with a Bayesian model that identifies diversification shifts among evolutionary lineages and through time. -
Renfrew County Plants
Renfrew County Plant Checklist. November 14, 2010. Scientific Name Common Name Author Kingdom Phylum Class Order Family Genus Species Subspecies Abies balsamea Balsam Fir (L.) P. Mill. Plantae Coniferophyta Pinopsida Pinales Pinaceae Abies balsamea Acalypha virginica Virginia Copperleaf L. Plantae Anthophyta Dicotyledoneae Euphorbiales Euphorbiaceae Acalypha virginica Acer negundo Box Elder L. Plantae Anthophyta Dicotyledoneae Sapindales Aceraceae Acer negundo Acer nigrum Black Maple Michx. f. Plantae Anthophyta Dicotyledoneae Sapindales Aceraceae Acer nigrum Acer pensylvanicum Striped Maple L. Plantae Anthophyta Dicotyledoneae Sapindales Aceraceae Acer pensylvanicum Acer platanoides Norway Maple L. Plantae Anthophyta Dicotyledoneae Sapindales Aceraceae Acer platanoides Acer rubrum Red Maple L. Plantae Anthophyta Dicotyledoneae Sapindales Aceraceae Acer rubrum Acer saccharinum Silver Maple L. Plantae Anthophyta Dicotyledoneae Sapindales Aceraceae Acer saccharinum Acer saccharum var. saccharum Sugar Maple Plantae Anthophyta Dicotyledoneae Sapindales Aceraceae Acer saccharum var. saccharum Acer spicatum Mountain Maple Lam. Plantae Anthophyta Dicotyledoneae Sapindales Aceraceae Acer spicatum Acer x freemanii Hybrid Maple E. Murr. Plantae Anthophyta Dicotyledoneae Sapindales Aceraceae Acer x freemanii Achillea millefolium var. millefolium Common Yarrow Plantae Anthophyta Dicotyledoneae Asterales Asteraceae Achillea millefolium var. millefolium Achillea ptarmica False Sneezewort L. Plantae Anthophyta Dicotyledoneae Asterales Asteraceae Achillea -
Summary of Biological Investigations Relating to Water Quality in the Western Lake Michigan Drainages, Wisconsin and Michigan
SUMMARY OF BIOLOGICAL INVESTIGATIONS RELATING TO WATER QUALITY IN THE WESTERN LAKE MICHIGAN DRAINAGES, WISCONSIN AND MICHIGAN By Barbara C. Scudder, Daniel J. Sullivan, Stephen J. Rheaume, Scott R. Parsons, and Bernard N. Lenz U.S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY Water-Resources Investigations Report 96-4263 NATIONAL WATER-QUALITY ASSESSMENT PROGRAM Madison, Wisconsin 1996 U.S. DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR BRUCE BABBITT, Secretary U.S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY Gordon P. Eaton, Director For additional information write to: Copies of this report can be purchased from: District Chief U.S. Geolog cal Survey U.S. Geological Survey Branch of Information Services 6417 Normandy Lane Box25286 Madison, Wl 53719 Denver, CO 60225-0286 FOREWORD The mission of the U.S. Geological Survey Describe how water quality is changing over (USGS) is to assess the quantity and quality of the time. earth resources of the Nation and to provide informa Improve understanding of the primary natural tion that will assist resource managers and policymak- and human factors that affect water-quality ers at Federal, State, and local levels in making sound conditions. decisions. Assessment of water-quality conditions and This information will help support the development trends is an important part of this overall mission. and evaluation of management, regulatory, and moni One of the greatest challenges faced by water- toring decisions by other Federal, State, and local resources scientists is acquiring reliable information agencies to protect, use, and enhance water resources. that will guide the use and protection of the Nation's The goals of the NAWQA Program are being water resources. That challenge is being addressed by achieved through ongoing and proposed investigations Federal, State, interstate, and local water-resource of 60 of the Nation's most important river basins and agencies and by many academic institutions. -
Project Scientific Progress Report Study Site
Project Ecology of plant-hummingbird interactions along an elevational gradient Scientific Progress Report Project leader: Catherine Graham, Swiss Federal Research Institute Principal investigator: María Alejandra Maglianesi, Universidad Estatal a Distancia Coordinator: Emanuel Brenes Rodríguez, Universidad Estatal a Distancia Study site Bosque del Tolomuco Cerro de la Muerte San José, Costa Rica Mayo, 2020 1 INTRODUCTION A primary aim of community ecology is to identify the processes that govern species assemblages across environmental gradients (McGill et al. 2006), allowing us to understand why biodiversity is non-randomly distributed on Earth. Mutualistic interactions such as those between plants and their animal pollinators are the major biodiversity component from which the integrity of ecosystems depends (Valiente-Banuet et al. 2015). The vast majority of flowering plant species, especially in tropical regions, only produce seeds and subsequently fruits if pollinators transfer pollen grains from the anthers to the stigmas of their flowers, in a mutually beneficial relationship. Without this service, many interconnected species and ecosystem functioning would simply collapse. The interdependence of plant and pollinators can be assessed using a network approach, which is a powerful tool to analyze the complexity of ecological systems (Ings et al. 2009), especially in highly diversified tropical regions. Mountain regions provide pronounced environmental gradients across relatively small spatial scales and have proved to be a suitable model system to investigate patterns and determinants of species diversity and community structure (Körner 2000, Sanders and Rahbek 2012). Although some studies have investigated the variation in plant–pollinator interaction networks across elevational gradients (Ramos-Jiliberto et al. 2010, Benadi et al. -
Caspers Wilderness Park Plants V30 EF-2020
Caspers Wilderness Park Plant list Phylum Class Order Family Genus Species infr. sspp-epithet # S ! R I Bryophyta Bryopsida Bryales Bryaceae Bryum ? 1 !! Chlorophyta ? ? ? ? ? 1 !! Marchantiophyta Marchantiopsida Marchantiales Rebouliaceae Asterella californica 1 N Marchantiophyta Marchantiopsida Marchantiales Ricciaceae Riccia trichocarpa 2 ! N Tracheophyta Liliopsida Asparagales Agavaceae Agave parryi var. ? 1 !! I Tracheophyta Liliopsida Asparagales Agavaceae Agave vivipara 1 !! I Tracheophyta Liliopsida Asparagales Agavaceae Chlorogalum parviflorum 2 N Tracheophyta Liliopsida Asparagales Agavaceae Chlorogalum pomeridianum var. ? 4 N Tracheophyta Liliopsida Asparagales Agavaceae Chlorogalum pomeridianum var. pomeridianum 2 N Tracheophyta Liliopsida Asparagales Agavaceae Hesperoyucca whipplei 36 N Tracheophyta Liliopsida Asparagales Agavaceae Hooveria parviflora 4 S N Tracheophyta Liliopsida Asparagales Amaryllidaceae Allium haematochiton 5 S N Tracheophyta Liliopsida Asparagales Amaryllidaceae Allium peninsulare var. ? 1 N Tracheophyta Liliopsida Alismatales Araceae Wolffia columbiana 1 !! N Tracheophyta Liliopsida Arecales Arecaceae Phoenix dactylifera 4 S I Tracheophyta Liliopsida Arecales Arecaceae Washingtonia robusta 4 S I Tracheophyta Liliopsida Asparagales Asparagaceae Asparagus asparagoides 1 I Tracheophyta Liliopsida Asparagales Asparagaceae Bloomeria crocea var. ? 7 S N Tracheophyta Liliopsida Asparagales Asparagaceae Bloomeria crocea var. aurea 1 N Tracheophyta Liliopsida Asparagales Asparagaceae Bloomeria crocea var. crocea