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215Phd Thesis Farrall AJ Sep Kent Academic Repository Full text document (pdf) Citation for published version Farrall, Andrew J (2015) Rotated Half-Mode Substrate Integrated Waveguide and other Planar Integrated Structures. Doctor of Philosophy (PhD) thesis, University of Kent,. DOI Link to record in KAR https://kar.kent.ac.uk/51460/ Document Version UNSPECIFIED Copyright & reuse Content in the Kent Academic Repository is made available for research purposes. Unless otherwise stated all content is protected by copyright and in the absence of an open licence (eg Creative Commons), permissions for further reuse of content should be sought from the publisher, author or other copyright holder. Versions of research The version in the Kent Academic Repository may differ from the final published version. Users are advised to check http://kar.kent.ac.uk for the status of the paper. Users should always cite the published version of record. Enquiries For any further enquiries regarding the licence status of this document, please contact: [email protected] If you believe this document infringes copyright then please contact the KAR admin team with the take-down information provided at http://kar.kent.ac.uk/contact.html ROTATED HALF-MODE SUBSTRATE INTEGRATED WAVEGUIDE AND OTHER PLANAR INTEGRATED STRUCTURES A Thesis submitted to the University of Kent for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the subject of Electronic Engineering by Andrew J Farrall 2015 Dedication To all of my family – for being patient with me during this journey. Especially for my parents Sheila and Derrick. But most of all to my wife Lorrie; for the support and encouragement for the help with proof reading and for letting me off all those jobs at the time, which I now have to do…. Without her blessing this would not have been possible. i Abstract High data rate communication channels are becoming more and more integrated into our increasingly technological society. Substrate Integrated Waveguides (SIW) are one planar solution available to the microwave engineer, offering a low-loss and low dispersion means of propagating these high speed, high bandwidth signals. In this thesis, a brief synopsis of SIW structures and components is presented covering the basic waveguide propagating modes and cut-off frequencies. The main analysis techniques associated with SIWs including full wave electromagnetic modelling methods are overviewed, and the associated loss mechanisms of conduction, dielectric and radiation defined, leading to the design rules and guidelines on how best to mitigate them. SIW antennas as both leaky-wave and radiating slots are discussed and an example of a single and dual resonating slot antenna design is presented, along with a detailed review of a novel switch beam antenna developed for use within the current WiFi bands. The Slot SIW (or SSIW), which has a small longitudinal gap in one of the main conducting surfaces, allows easy integration of lumped elements or active devices, enabling the waveguide to be loaded with impedances or to be shorted. When the slot is shorted, the waveguide reverts back to the full SIW mode, and when partially loaded an intermediate state results. This is discussed, and the SSIW analysed with the transverse resonance technique, leading to the development of a travelling wave attenuator with the SSIW being periodically loaded with pin diodes. The application of the pin diodes required the use of a capacitive overlay, a development of flexi circuit design to allow capacitive coupling of impedances to connect to the waveguide. The overlay concept is extended further, to form novel passive bandpass filters, with the introduction of virtual vias. A limitation of the SSIW is that the majority of the field resides within the dielectric; this allows only a limited interaction with the field at the slot. The rotated Half Mode SIW (rHMSIW), a new variant of the SIW family, places the maximum of the electric field directly on the top dielectric surface, allowing for direct interaction. The waveguide width a is now defined by the dielectric thickness, allowing for the waveguide height b to be adjustable, in normal SIWs this is the other way round; the dielectric thickness fixing the waveguide height and the waveguide width being adjustable. The rHMSIW is characterised with regard to the height and width ratios b/a and the dielectric exposed width (which is adjustable). These parameters effect the modal cut-off frequency, this is investigated and a new equation describing the fundamental mode cut-off frequency is empirically derived. Finally a test coupon which spans the Ku band is designed and measured, which required the development of a novel waveguide transition. ii Acknowledgements Many thanks to my supervisor Dr Paul Young for the support and guidance throughout the entire PhD. For the funding that supported this research project from ESPRC and the Rogers Corporation University support program for the PTFE laminate samples, plus the business support from Total Access Research and Design Limited. The help and support from all my friends and colleagues at the School of Engineering and Digital arts, University of Kent, especially the front office and workshop, was much appreciated - helping me balance being an Associate Lecturer as well as a research student. Not forgetting the other ‘mature’ students who were on similar journeys; Paul ‘textbook’ Taylor, εark ‘eager’ Esdale and ‘mad’ Mike Gillham. Thanks for all the encouragement and coffee break chats! Andy ‘faffing’ Farrall July 2015 iii Contents: 1) Introduction 1 1. Historic Perspective 1 2. Millimetre-wave Communications 6 3. 60 GHz Legislation 8 4. Practicalities of 60 GHz fabrication & measurement 10 5. SIW use for 60 GHz 12 6. Thesis Overview 14 7. Chapter references 16 2) Substrate Integrated Waveguides 18 1. Wave equations 20 2. SIW waveguide modes and propagation 22 3. SIW analysis techniques 24 4. Losses in SIW 31 5. SIW synopsis 33 6. SIW design rules summary 34 7. SIW structures and components 37 8. Scattering Parameter Measurement 43 9. Comments on SIW design and fabrication 44 10. Chapter references 45 3) SIW Antennas 52 1. Antenna background 53 2. SIW leaky-wave antenna 54 3. SIW Slot antenna 56 4. Switch beam antennae 59 5. SIW antenna summary 74 6. Chapter references 75 4) Slot SIWs 80 1. SSIW introduction 81 2. Waveguide coupons 84 3. Analysing loaded SSIW 89 4. Travelling wave attenuator 92 5. Waveguide filters 94 6. Virtual via configuration SSIW01 105 7. SSIW01 Filters 114 8. Virtual via configuration SSIW02 117 iv 9. SSIW02 Filter 118 10. Virtual via configuration SSIW03 119 11. Measurement comment 120 12. SSIW summary 121 13. Chapter references 122 5) Rotated HMSIW 124 1. Overview 124 2. Waveguide Modes 129 3. Waveguide characterisation 145 4. Wave impedance 150 5. Waveguide radiation loss 151 6. Transition development 152 7. 6010 test coupon 162 8. Comparison of simulated and measured results 165 9. Summary 170 10. Chapter references 172 6) Conclusion 174 1. SIW Antennae 174 2. Slot SIW 175 3. rHMSIW 180 v List of Publications Location Date Authors Title Reference IEEE Electronics δetters Integrated Waveguide Slot (Volume40-Issue16) Aug 2004 Farrall / Young Antennas [1] IEEE 2004 High Frequency Substrate Integrated Rectangular Postgraduate Student Colloquium Sep 2004 Farrall / Young Waveguides [2] APSYε2012 Conference Dec 2012 Young / Farrall Travelling Wave Attenuator δAPC2013 Conference Nov 2013 Farrall / Young Rotated Half-εode SIW [3] δindo / Anju / Aanandan HεSIW without Via [4] δAPC2013 Conference Nov 2013 / Farrall / Young (IEEE as Farrel, A.J.) Analysis of Loaded Substrate IEEE εicrowave & Wireless Loaded Integrated Waveguides [5] Jan 2014 Xu / Farrall / Young Components δetters and Attenuators Journal of Physics: Conference R. Nag / A.J. Farrall, Modelling of loaded substrate Series Apr 2014 integrated waveguides P.R. Young / R.F. Xu Microstrip to Rotated Half-Mode Substrate [6] δAPC2014 Conference Nov 2014 Farrall / Young Integrate Waveguide Planar Transition IEEE Transactions on Antennas Substrate Integrated Waveguide [7] and Propagation - εay 2015 Farrall / Wu / Young Communication Switched Beam Antenna Ming-Tao Zhang / Steven Gao / Yong- Novel Reconfigurable IEEE Transactions on Antennas Re-submitted Chang Jiao / Ji-Xiang Reflectarrays with Single-bit and Propagation Wan / Bu-Ning Tian, Phase Resolution for Ku-Band Sep 2015 Chun-Bang Wu / Satellite Antenna Andrew-John Farrall References [1] A. J. Farrall and P. R. Young, "Integrated waveguide slot antennas," Electronics Letters, vol. 40, pp. 974-975, 2004. [2] A. J. Farrall and P. R. Young, "High frequency postgraduate student colloquium, 2004; substrate integrated rectangular waveguides," in 2004, pp. 133-to 138. [3] A. J. Farrall and P. R. Young, "Rotated half-mode substrate integrated waveguide," in Antennas and Propagation Conference (LAPC), 2013 Loughborough, 2013, pp. 514-517. [4] A. O. Lindo, P. M. Anju, C. K. Aanandan, A. J. Farrall and P. R. Young, "Half mode substrate integrated waveguide without via," in Antennas and Propagation Conference (LAPC), 2013 Loughborough, 2013, pp. 131-134. [5] Ruo Feng Xu, A. J. Farrall and P. R. Young, "Analysis of Loaded Substrate Integrated Waveguides and Attenuators," Microwave and Wireless Components Letters, IEEE, vol. 24, pp. 62-64, 2014. [6] A. J. Farrall and P. R. Young. Microstrip to rotated half-mode substrate integrate waveguide planar transition. Presented at Antennas and Propagation Conference (LAPC), 2014 Loughborough. 2014, . DOI: 10.1109/LAPC.2014.6996332.
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