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Microstrip Solutions for Innovative Microwave Feed Systems

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Microstrip Solutions for Innovative Microwave Feed Systems Examensarbete LiTH-ITN-ED-EX--2001/05--SE Microstrip Solutions for Innovative Microwave Feed Systems Magnus Petersson 2001-10-24 Department of Science and Technology Institutionen för teknik och naturvetenskap Linköping University Linköpings Universitet SE-601 74 Norrköping, Sweden 601 74 Norrköping LiTH-ITN-ED-EX--2001/05--SE Microstrip Solutions for Innovative Microwave Feed Systems Examensarbete utfört i Mikrovågsteknik / RF-elektronik vid Tekniska Högskolan i Linköping, Campus Norrköping Magnus Petersson Handledare: Ulf Nordh Per Törngren Examinator: Håkan Träff Norrköping den 24 oktober, 2001 'DWXP $YGHOQLQJ,QVWLWXWLRQ Date Division, Department Institutionen för teknik och naturvetenskap 2001-10-24 Ã Department of Science and Technology 6SUnN 5DSSRUWW\S ,6%1 Language Report category BBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBB Svenska/Swedish Licentiatavhandling X Engelska/English X Examensarbete ISRN LiTH-ITN-ED-EX--2001/05--SE C-uppsats 6HULHWLWHOÃRFKÃVHULHQXPPHUÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃ,661 D-uppsats Title of series, numbering ___________________________________ _ ________________ Övrig rapport _ ________________ 85/I|UHOHNWURQLVNYHUVLRQ www.ep.liu.se/exjobb/itn/2001/ed/005/ 7LWHO Microstrip Solutions for Innovative Microwave Feed Systems Title )|UIDWWDUH Magnus Petersson Author 6DPPDQIDWWQLQJ Abstract This report is introduced with a presentation of fundamental electromagnetic theories, which have helped a lot in the achievement of methods for calculation and design of microstrip transmission lines and circulators. The used software for the work is also based on these theories. General considerations when designing microstrip solutions, such as different types of transmission lines and circulators, are then presented. Especially the design steps for microstrip lines, which have been used in this project, are described. Discontinuities, like bends of microstrip lines, are treated and simulated. There are also sections about power handling capability of microstrip transmission lines and different substrate materials. In the result part there are computed and simulated dimensions of the microstrip transmission lines used in the prototype system. Simulations of conceivable loads in the cavity illustrate quantitatively the reflection coefficient. Even practical measurements are made in a network analyzer and are presented in this part. Suitable materials and dimensions for the final microwave feed transmission line system for high powers are then presented. Since circulators are included in the system a basic introduction to the design of these in stripline and microstrip techniques is also made. At last conclusions, examinations of the designed system and comparisons to the today’s systems are made. 1\FNHORUG Keyword Circulator, Dielectric materials, Isolator, Microstrip, Microwave feed system, Stripline $%675$&7 This report is introduced with a presentation of fundamental electromagnetic theories, which have helped a lot in the achievement of methods for calculation and design of microstrip transmission lines and circulators. The used software for the work is also based on these theo- ries. General considerations when designing microstrip solutions, such as different types of trans- mission lines and circulators, are then presented. Especially the design steps for microstrip lines, which have been used in this project, are described. Discontinuities, like bends of mi- crostrip lines, are treated and simulated. There are also sections about power handling capa- bility of microstrip transmission lines and different substrate materials. In the result part there are computed and simulated dimensions of the microstrip transmission lines used in the prototype system. Simulations of conceivable loads in the cavity illustrate quantitatively the reflection coefficient. Even practical measurements are made in a network analyzer and are presented in this part. Suitable materials and dimensions for the final microwave feed transmission line system for high powers are then presented. Since circulators are included in the system a basic introduc- tion to the design of these in stripline and microstrip techniques is also made. At last conclusions, examinations of the designed system and comparisons to the today’s sys- tems are made. 35()$&( This report is the result of the author’s diploma work performed at the Research and Devel- opment Department at Whirlpool Sweden AB and constitutes the final element of the Master of Engineering exam in Electronics Design at the University of Linköping at Campus Nor- rköping. Most of the work is performed at the Development Department at Whirlpool Sweden AB, during the autumn 2001, under the supervision of Per Törngren, Ulf Nordh and Håkan Carlsson. I want to thank my supervisors Per Törngren, Ulf Nordh and Håkan Carlsson at the company Whirlpool Sweden AB and my examiner Håkan Träff at the Institution of Science and Tech- nology (ITN) at Campus Norrköping. Without their support this work would never reach this final result. I would also like to thank Gunnar Filipsson, for his advice concerning circulator components, and Roland Ekinge, manager of the Development Department at Whirlpool Sweden AB, for his support. I would also like to take the chance to thank Ida Sahlin, my lovely girlfriend, for her patience and support during the work. Finally the author hopes that the work presented in this report will be useful for the further work with the evaluation of these patented new solutions. Magnus Petersson Norrköping, October 2001 &217(176 ,1752'8&7,21 7+(25< 2.1 THEORETICAL BACKGROUND ................................................................................................................2 0D[ZHOO¶V (TXDWLRQV 2.1.1.1 Ampère’s Law .......................................................................................................................................4 2.1.1.2 Faraday’s Law .......................................................................................................................................5 )'7' )LQLWH 'LIIHUHQFH 7LPH 'RPDLQ 2.2 MICROSTRIP SOLUTIONS........................................................................................................................7 *HQHUDO &RQVLGHUDWLRQV 'HVLJQ RI 0LFURVWULS /LQHV 2.2.2.1 Quasi-TEM Approximation...................................................................................................................9 2.2.2.2 Formulas for Transmission Line Systems............................................................................................10 2.2.2.3 Design Steps for a Microstrip Line......................................................................................................11 'LVFRQWLQXLWLHV RQ 0LFURVWULS /LQHV 2.2.3.1 Bends on a Microstrip Line..................................................................................................................14 'HVLJQ &RQVLGHUDWLRQV 2.2.4.1 Substrate Materials ..............................................................................................................................15 2.2.4.2 Power Handling Capability..................................................................................................................16 2.2.4.2.1 Continuously Working Condition...................................................................................................16 2.2.4.2.2 Pulse Power Handling Capability...................................................................................................17 2.2.4.2.3 Average Power ...............................................................................................................................17 2.2.4.3 Power Losses and Radiation ................................................................................................................17 0LFURVWULS /D\RXWV 0LFURVWULS 7UDQVLWLRQV 2.2.6.1 Coaxial-to-Microstrip Transition .........................................................................................................19 &LUFXODWRUV 2.3 PRACTICAL MEASUREMENTS...............................................................................................................22 5(68/7 3.1 PROTOTYPE CAVITY ............................................................................................................................23 3.2 PROTOTYPE MICROWAVE FEED SYSTEM .............................................................................................24 &DOFXODWLRQV DQG 6LPXODWLRQV &LUFXODWRU DQG ,VRODWRU &RPSRQHQWV /D\RXW DQG 0HDVXUHPHQWV RI WKH 3URWRW\SH )HHG 6\VWHP 3.2.3.1 Practical Measurements .......................................................................................................................33 3.3 MICROWAVE FEED SYSTEM FOR HIGHER POWER................................................................................37 'LHOHFWULF 0DWHULDOV 3.3.1.1 Choice of Material ...............................................................................................................................38 6XLWDEOH 'LPHQVLRQV IRU WKH )HHG 6\VWHP 3RZHU +DQGOLQJ 3.4 SIMULATED DISCONTINUITIES.............................................................................................................41 7KH &KDPIHUHG %HQG 3.5 CIRCULATORS......................................................................................................................................43 0LFURVWULS DQG 6WULSOLQH 7HFKQLTXHV 3.5.1.1 Losses in Y-junction Stripline and Microstrip Ferrite Circulators.......................................................46
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