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Of the Caribbean Basin, with the Descriptions of Two New Species

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Of the Caribbean Basin, with the Descriptions of Two New Species Zootaxa 4084 (4): 557–571 ISSN 1175-5326 (print edition) http://www.mapress.com/j/zt/ Article ZOOTAXA Copyright © 2016 Magnolia Press ISSN 1175-5334 (online edition) http://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4084.4.6 http://zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:B1923A1E-E9FA-421E-87C9-2151D9CD1921 The Mimallonidae (Lepidoptera, Mimallonoidea) of the Caribbean Basin, with the descriptions of two new species RYAN A. ST. LAURENT1,3 & TIMOTHY L. MCCABE2 1Cornell University, Comstock Hall, Department of Entomology, Ithaca, NY 14853-2601 USA. E-mail: [email protected] 2New York State Museum, 222 Madison Ave, Albany, NY 12230, USA. E-mail: [email protected] 3Corresponding author Abstract Mimallonidae of the Caribbean Basin are discussed, with attention primarily given to species endemic to the Caribbean islands and the northern coast of Venezuela. The Caribbean Basin is a political term for tropical regions circumscribed by the Gulf of Mexico. Cicinnus bahamensis sp. n. is described from the Bahamas, the first species of Mimallonidae from this country. The Cuban species Cicinnus packardii (Grote, 1865), the closest relative of C. bahamensis sp. n., is figured and compared. A third, similar, species from northern coastal Venezuela, C. falcoargenteus sp. n., is described and com- pared to the previous two species. Key words: Bahamas, Caribbean Basin, Cicinnus, Cuba, Mimallonidae, Venezuela Introduction Recent years have shown an increasing interest in the taxonomy of the previously understudied family Mimallonidae, the sole representative of superfamily Mimallonoidea (Herbin 2012, 2015, Herbin & Mielke 2014, Herbin & Monzón 2015, St Laurent & Dombroskie 2015). The higher-level arrangement of the family is poorly understood and a family-level revision has not been completed since Schaus (1928). We follow previous authors and do not recognize intrafamilial classification above the genus-level until a phylogenetic study has been performed. Becker (1996) listed 57 species in the genus Cicinnus Blanchard, 1852 but recent work involving the transferal of C. pulverula (Schaus, 1896) to Eadmuna Schaus, 1928 by St Laurent & Dombroskie (2015) as well as the description of 15 additional new species by Herbin (2012 & 2015), Herbin & Mielke (2014), and Herbin & Monzón (2015) has shifted this number to 71. These recent publications have shown Cicinnus to be a rather diverse genus, but one poorly defined morphologically. Both Forbes (1942) and Franclemont (1973) recognized the improper placement of various species in Cicinnus. Until a more detailed study can be completed on Cicinnus as a whole, we place new species described herein in this genus based on their morphological resemblance to several species currently described in Cicinnus. However, it is necessary to mention that the type species of Cicinnus, C. orthane Blanchard, 1852, differs in external characters from most other species currently placed in Cicinnus, including the species described herein, and suggests that the name Cicinnus may eventually prove to only be applicable to a more restricted group of species. Only one species, C. packardii (Grote, 1865), is currently known from the Caribbean islands (not including Trinidad), and is restricted to Cuba. The present work describes a new species from the Bahamas, and a second, related new species from the northern coast of Venezuela. Both new species are compared to C. packardii because of the apparent similarities in external and genitalia morphology. Accepted by M. Pellinen: 27 Jan. 2016; published: 29 Feb. 2016 557 Licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0 Material and methods Dissections were performed as in Hardwick (1950), however, not all genitalia were prepared on slides to allow for three-dimensional analysis of the complex male genitalia. Genitalia and abdomens, when not slide mounted, are preserved in glycerol filled microvials. Morphological, including genitalia, terminology follows Lemaire & Minet (1999). Specimens from the following collections were examined: AMNH American Museum of Natural History, New York, New York, USA ANSP Academy of Natural Sciences, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA BME Bohart Museum of Entomology, University of California, Davis, California, USA CUIC Cornell University Insect Collection, Ithaca, New York, USA MCZ Museum of Comparative Zoology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA MGCL McGuire Center for Lepidoptera & Biodiversity, Gainesville, Florida, USA NHMUK The Natural History Museum [formerly British Museum (Natural History), BMNH], London, U.K. NYSM New York State Museum, Albany, NY, USA RAS Research collection of Ryan A. St. Laurent, Ithaca, NY, USA TM Research collection of Tim L. McCabe, Albany, NY, USA USNM National Museum of Natural History [formerly United States National Museum], Washington D.C., USA Figures were manipulated with Adobe Photoshop CS4 (Adobe 2008). Maps were created with SimpleMappr (Shorthouse 2010) and edited with CS4. All geographical coordinates are approximate, and are based on the localities provided on specimen labels. GPS data was acquired with Google Earth. Genitalia have been stained with a combination of chlorazol black and orange-G stains. Adobe Photoshop CS4 was used to brighten characters. Genitalia were photographed with a Macroscopic Solutions Macropod Pro and Canon EOS 6D DSLR camera body using the Macro Photo MP-E 65mm f/2.8 1–5× Manual Focus Lens for EOS. Thirty (3×) photographs were taken of each specimen in ethanol under glass, and stacked using Zerene Stacking Software. Results Cicinnus packardii (Grote, 1865) (Figs 1–5, 18, 19, 22) Perophora packardii Grote, 1865, Plate 4, Fig. 6 female Perophora packardii; Grote 1867 Perophora packardi; Foetterele 1902, misspelling Perophora packardi; Lima 1922*, misspelling Perophora packardi; Lima 1927*, misspelling Cicinnus packardi; Schaus 1928, Fig. 87c male, misspelling Cicinnus packardi; Monte 1934*, misspelling Cicinnus packardi; Bondar 1950*, misspelling Cicinnus packardii; Silva et al. 1968* Cicinnus packardi; Biezanko 1986*, misspelling Cicinnus packardi; Becker 1996, misspelling Cicinnus packardi; Pastrana 2004*, misspelling Cicinnus packardii; Herbin & Monzón 2015 *References that almost certainly refer to Cicinnus despecta (Walker, 1855) or a related South American species. Type material. Holotype, ♀: CUBA: Cuba., Poey, Collection/ 612/ Type No. 7749, Perophora PACKARDII, A.R. Grote/ [photo examined, ANSP]. No paratypes. 558 · Zootaxa 4084 (4) © 2016 Magnolia Press ST. LAURENT & MCCABE FIGURES 1–5. Cicinnus packardii adults, a= recto, b= verso. 1. Male, Cuba, Soledad, Santa Clara (MCZ). 2. Male, Cuba (USNM). 3. Male, Cuba, Soledad, Santa Clara (MCZ). 4. Female, Cuba, Soledad, Santa Clara (MCZ). 5. Holotype female, Cuba [color manipulated in CS 4 due to poor true color capture, photo courtesy of ANSP] (ANSP). Scale bar= 1 cm. THE MIMALLONIDAE OF THE CARIBBEAN BASIN Zootaxa 4084 (4) © 2016 Magnolia Press · 559 Additional specimens examined. (14 ♂, 2 ♀ total) CUBA: 4 ♂, 1 ♀, Matazanas: W. Schaus coll., St. Laurent diss.: 10-31-15:2 (AMNH); VII, XI, USNM-Mimal: 1314, 1316, 1317 (USNM). 1 ♂, Central Soledad: 29.VIII.1932, B.B. Leavitt (MCZ). 3 ♂, 1 ♀, Soledad, Santa Clara: 3.VIII.1932, 5.IX.1932, Bates and Fairchild, St. Laurent diss.: 11-6-15:1, 11-12-15:1, 11-20-15:1 (MCZ). 2 ♂, Santiago: Collection Wm Schaus, USNM-Mimal: 1319, 1320 (USNM). 1 ♂, Sierra Maestra, East Cuba, 1000 ft: 28.I.1930, O. Querci, 47 I.C.M., USNM-Mimal: 1315 (USNM). 3 ♂, No additional collecting data: Dognin Collection, USNM-Mimal: 1321, 1322, 1324, St. Laurent diss.: 12-1-15:1 (USNM). Additional specimen photographs examined. (2 ♂, 1 ♀ total) CUBA: 1 ♂, Santiago de las Vegas: USNM- Mimal: 2736 (USNM). 1 ♂, Matazanas Province, Cienga Zapata, nr. Playa Larga, 3 m: 10–11.II.1981, D.R. Davis, USNM-Mimal: 2734 (USNM). 1 ♀, Cienfuegos Prov., nr. Pasa Caballos, 6 km S. Cienfuegos, 10 m: 13– 14.II.1981, D.R. Davis, USNM-Mimal: 2735 (USNM). Diagnosis. Both sexes of this species can be recognized by the presence of a B-shaped hyaline patch on the forewings and strongly contrasting postmedial lines on both fore and hindwings. Postmedial lines are accented by brown shading on the outer edges, especially on the hindwings. The most similar species not treated in the present work, C. felderia Schaus, 1928 and C. hanseni Herbin & Monzón, 2015, display more heavily contrasting markings and deeper, redder shading on the outer edges of the postmedial lines, and are found in Mexico and Central America. Additionally, C. hanseni is smaller and has narrower wings than C. packardii. The light brown ground color, presence of dark shading in the postmedial region of all wings, especially along the outer edge of the postmedial line, and the usually larger hyaline discal mark differentiates C. packardii from the following two species. The hindwing discal spot of the female of C. packardii is somewhat darker than that of female C. bahamensis sp. n., described below. Description. Male. Head: Small, scales on frons swept ventrad, pale off-white to gray, eyes very large comprising roughly half of head area, eyes bordered posteriorly by dark brown collar of scales reaching labial palpi, labial palpi small, segments weakly defined ventrally because of the presence of ventral tufts, segments smaller distally, dorsally with darker scales contrasting with overall straw coloration. Antenna bipectinate to tip, scape and pedicel weakly tufted. Thorax: Gray to very light brown, densely covered in scales
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