DOCSLIB.ORG

Pest Risk Assessment of the Importation Into the United States of Unproc- Essed Eucalyptus Logs and Chips from South America

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Pest Risk Assessment of the Importation Into the United States of Unproc- Essed Eucalyptus Logs and Chips from South America United States Department of Agriculture Pest Risk Assessment Forest Service of the Importation into Forest Products Laboratory the United States of General Technical Unprocessed Eucalyptus Report FPL−GTR−124 Logs and Chips from South America A moderate pest risk potential was assigned to eleven other Abstract organisms or groups of organisms: eucalypt weevils In this report, we assess the unmitigated pest risk potential of (Gonipterus spp.), carpenterworm (Chilecomadia valdivi- importing Eucalyptus logs and chips from South America ana) on two Eucalyptus species other than E. nitens, platy- into the United States. To do this, we estimated the likeli- podid ambrosia beetle (Megaplatypus parasulcatus), yellow hood and consequences of introducing representative insects phorancantha borer (Phoracantha recurva), subterranean and pathogens of concern. Nineteen individual pest risk termites (Coptotermes spp., Heterotermes spp.), foliar assessments were prepared, eleven dealing with insects and diseases (Aulographina eucalypti, Cryptosporiopsis eight with pathogens. The selected organisms were represen- eucalypti, Cylindrocladium spp., Phaeophleospora spp., tative examples of insects and pathogens found on the foli- Mycosphaerella spp.), eucalyptus rust (Puccinia psidii), age, on the bark, in the bark, and in the wood of Eucalyptus Cryphonectria canker (Cryphonectria cubensis), Cytospora spp. Among the insects and pathogens assessed, eight were cankers (Cytospora eucalypticola, Cytospora eucalyptina), rated a high risk potential: purple moth (Sarsina violescens), Coniothyrium canker (Coniothyrium zuluense), and root and scolytid bark and ambrosia beetles (Scolytopsis brasiliensis, stem rots (Armillaria spp., Phellinus spp., Ganoderma sp., Xyleborus retusus, Xyleborus biconicus, Xyleborus spp.), Gymnopilus spectabilis). For those organisms of concern that carpenterworm (Chilecomadia valdiviana) on Eucalyptus are associated with logs and chips of South American Euca- nitens, round-headed wood borers (Chydarteres striatus, lyptus spp., specific phytosanitary measures may be required Retrachyderes thoracicus, Trachyderes spp., Steirastoma to ensure the quarantine safety of proposed importations. breve, Stenodontes spinibarbis), eucalyptus longhorned borer (Phoracantha semipunctata), Botryosphaeria cankers (Bot- Keywords Pest risk assessment, Eucalyptus, South America, ryosphaeria dothidea, Botryosphaeria obtusa, Botryosphae- log importation, chip importation ria ribi), Ceratocystis canker (Ceratocystis fimbriata), and pink disease (Erythricium salmonicolor). April 2001 Kliejunas, John T.; Tkacz, Borys M.; Burdsall, Harold H., Jr.; DeNitto, Gregg A.; Eglitis, Andris; Haugen, Dennis A.; Wallner, William E. 2001. Pest risk assessment of the importation into the United States of unproc- essed Eucalyptus logs and chips from South America. Gen. Tech. Rep. FPL-GTR-124. Madison, WI: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Forest Products Laboratory. 134 p. A limited number of free copies of this publication are available to the public from the Forest Products Laboratory, One Gifford Pinchot Drive, Madison, WI 53705–2398. Laboratory publications are sent to hundreds of libraries in the United States and elsewhere. The Forest Products Laboratory is maintained in cooperation with the University of Wisconsin. The use of trade or firm names in this publication is for reader information and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Department of Agriculture of any product or service. The United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) prohibits discrimina- tion in all its programs and activities on the basis of race, color, national origin, sex, religion, age, disability, political beliefs, sexual orientation, or marital or familial status. (Not all prohibited bases apply to all programs.) Persons with disabilities who require alternative means for communication of program information (Braille, large print, audiotape, etc.) should contact the USDA’s TARGET Center at (202) 720–2600 (voice and TDD). To file a complaint of discrimination, write USDA, Director, Office of Civil Rights, Room 326-W, Whitten Building, 1400 Independence Avenue, SW, Wash- ington, DC 20250–9410, or call (202) 720–5964 (voice and TDD). USDA is an equal opportunity provider and employer. Pest Risk Assessment of the Importation into the United States of Unprocessed Eucalyptus Logs and Chips from South America John T. Kliejunas Borys M. Tkacz Harold H. Burdsall, Jr. Gregg A. DeNitto Andris Eglitis Dennis A. Haugen William E. Wallner ii Contents Page Page Wood Import Pest Risk Assessment and Pathogens .......................................................................57 Mitigation Evaluation Team ............................................iv Foliar Diseases............................................................57 Acknowledgments................................................................v Eucalyptus Rust ..........................................................61 Executive Summary ...........................................................vii Cryphonectria Canker .................................................64 Chapter 1. Introduction.......................................................1 Botryosphaeria and Cytospora Cankers......................68 Ceratocystis Canker ....................................................72 Background ......................................................................1 Coniothyrium Canker..................................................75 Statement of Purpose........................................................1 Pink Disease ...............................................................77 Scope of Assessment ........................................................1 Root and Stem Rots ....................................................80 Pest Risk Assessment Process ..........................................1 Chapter 4. Summary and Conclusions ..............................85 Outreach ...........................................................................5 Background ....................................................................85 Site Visits .........................................................................7 Pest Risk Assessment .....................................................85 Resources at Risk .............................................................7 Major Pests of Eucalyptus Species on Imported Logs or Chips ..............................................................86 Chapter 2. Eucalyptus Resources of South America...........9 Factors Influencing Risk Potential..................................88 Eucalyptus Plantations in South America.........................9 Conclusions ....................................................................89 Characteristics of the Proposed Importation ..................11 Chapter 5. Bibliography....................................................91 Previous Interceptions of Quarantine Organisms ...........13 Appendix A—Team’s Site Visits to South America........101 Chapter 3. Insects and Pathogens Posing Risk..................15 Brazil: March 15–April 2, 1998 ...................................101 Argentina, Uruguay, and Chile: April 13–30, 1998 .....106 Introduction....................................................................15 Appendix B—Scientific Authorities for Species Analysis Process.............................................................15 of Eucalyptus ................................................................125 Individual Pest Risk Assessments...................................15 Appendix C—Summary of Reviewers’ Comments and Team’s Responses..................................................126 Insects.............................................................................27 Introduction..................................................................126 Leafcutting Ants..........................................................27 General Comments From Reviewers............................126 Eucalyptus Weevil ......................................................30 Major Issues of Reviewers ...........................................127 Flea of the Tifa Leaf ...................................................33 Issue 1: Geographical Scope of Assessment.............127 Purple Moth................................................................35 Issue 2: Biological Scope of Assessment..................128 Scolytid Bark and Ambrosia Beetles ..........................38 Issue 3: Definition of a Quarantine Pest ...................129 Carpenterworm ...........................................................41 Issue 4: Lack of Adequate Background Information 130 Issue 5: Crossover of Pests (Alternate Hosts)...........131 Platypodid Ambrosia Beetle .......................................44 Issue 6: Import of Potential Pests on Chips ..............131 Round-Headed Wood Borers......................................46 Issue 7: Pest Risk Criteria.........................................132 Eucalyptus Longhorned Borer ....................................49 Issue 8: Pest Risk Potentials .....................................133 Yellow Phoracantha Borer..........................................52 Issue 9: Unknown Virulence–Genetic Variability of Pests...................................................................133 Subterranean Termites ................................................55 Issue 10: Unknown (Sleeper) Pests...........................134 Issue 11: Issue of Tropical Hardwoods.....................134 iii Wood Import
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Sustainable Urban Logistics
    Sustainable Urban Logistics Series Editor Jean-Paul Bourrières Sustainable Urban Logistics Planning and Evaluation Jesus Gonzalez-Feliu First published 2018 in Great Britain and the United States by ISTE Ltd and John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Apart from any fair dealing for the purposes of research or private study, or criticism or review, as permitted under the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988, this publication may only be reproduced, stored or transmitted, in any form or by any means, with the prior permission in writing of the publishers, or in the case of reprographic reproduction in accordance with the terms and licenses issued by the CLA. Enquiries concerning reproduction outside these terms should be sent to the publishers at the undermentioned address: ISTE Ltd John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 27-37 St George’s Road 111 River Street London SW19 4EU Hoboken, NJ 07030 UK USA www.iste.co.uk www.wiley.com © ISTE Ltd 2018 The rights of Jesus Gonzalez-Feliu to be identified as the author of this work have been asserted by him in accordance with the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988. Library of Congress Control Number: 2017962517 British Library Cataloguing-in-Publication Data A CIP record for this book is available from the British Library ISBN 978-1-78630-179-6 Contents Preface .......................................... ix Chapter 1. Where Are We After 20 Years of Urban Logistics?.................................... 1 1.1. Introduction .................................... 1 1.2. The valorization of research in urban logistics: French and international approaches ........................ 7 1.3. From research to practice: a plethora of projects, initiatives and their practical application ....................
    [Show full text]
  • Pdf 696.18 K
    Egypt. Acad. J. Biolog. Sci., 13(3):1-13 (2020) Egyptian Academic Journal of Biological Sciences A. Entomology ISSN 1687- 8809 http://eajbsa.journals.ekb.eg/ The Mymaridae of Egypt (Chalcidoidea: Hymenoptera) Al-Azab, S. A. Plant Protection Research Institute, ARC, Egypt. Email: [email protected] ______________________________________________________________ ARTICLE INFO ABSTRACT Article History Diagnostic characters of the family Mymaridae, together with diagnosis Received:15/5/2020 and keys to the Egyptian genera of the family-based upon the external Accepted:2/7/2020 morphological characters of the adult female and male are presented with ---------------------- illustrations to facilitate their recognition. Synonyms, taxonomic notes, hosts, Keywords: and habitat of the genera together with their representative species in Egypt Hymenoptera, are also provided to give general picture and high light on the occurrence, Chalcidoidea, diversity, and distribution of the mymarids in Egypt. The study based on the Mymaridae, materials kept in the main reference insect collections in Egypt, and the Taxonomy, available literature. Egypt. INTRODUCTION The Mymaridae (fairy wasps) are a family of chalcid wasps found in temperate and tropical regions throughout the world. It includes the most primitive members of the chalcid wasp and contains around 100 genera with about 1400 species (Noyes, 2005). Fairyflies are very tiny insects and include the world's smallest known insects. They generally range from 0.5 to 1.0 mm long. Adult mymarids are rather fragile, the body generally being slender and the wings narrow with an elongate marginal fringe. Their delicate bodies and their hair-fringed wings have earned them their common name. Very little is known of the life histories of fairyflies, as only a few species have been observed extensively.
    [Show full text]
  • Forest Insect and Disease Conditions in the United States 2000
    United States Department Forest Insect and Of Agriculture Forest Service Disease Conditions Forest Health Protection in the United States March 2002 2000 Healthy Forests Make A World of Difference United States Department Of Agriculture Forest Insect and Forest Service Disease Conditions Forest Health Protection in the United States March 2002 2000 PREFACE This is the 50th annual report prepared by the U.S. • seed orchard insects and diseases; Department of Agriculture Forest Service (USDA • nursery insects and diseases; and Forest Service) of the insect and disease conditions of • abiotic damage. the Nation's forests. This report responds to direction in the Cooperative Forestry Assistance Act of 1978, as These categories are listed in the table of contents; amended, to conduct surveys and report annually on there is no index. insect and disease conditions of major national significance. Insect and disease conditions of local The information in this report is provided by the Forest importance are reported in regional and State reports. Health Protection Program of the USDA Forest Service. This program serves all Federal lands, The report describes the extent and nature of insect- including the National Forest System and the lands and disease-caused damage of national significance in administered by the Departments of Defense and 2000. As in the past, selected insect and disease Interior. Service is also provided to tribal lands. The conditions are highlighted in the front section of the program provides assistance to private landowners report. Maps are provided for some pests showing through the State foresters. A key part of the program affected counties in the East and affected areas in the is detecting and reporting insect and disease epidemics West.
    [Show full text]
  • Insects & Spiders of Kanha Tiger Reserve
    Some Insects & Spiders of Kanha Tiger Reserve Some by Aniruddha Dhamorikar Insects & Spiders of Kanha Tiger Reserve Aniruddha Dhamorikar 1 2 Study of some Insect orders (Insecta) and Spiders (Arachnida: Araneae) of Kanha Tiger Reserve by The Corbett Foundation Project investigator Aniruddha Dhamorikar Expert advisors Kedar Gore Dr Amol Patwardhan Dr Ashish Tiple Declaration This report is submitted in the fulfillment of the project initiated by The Corbett Foundation under the permission received from the PCCF (Wildlife), Madhya Pradesh, Bhopal, communication code क्रम 車क/ तकनीकी-I / 386 dated January 20, 2014. Kanha Office Admin office Village Baherakhar, P.O. Nikkum 81-88, Atlanta, 8th Floor, 209, Dist Balaghat, Nariman Point, Mumbai, Madhya Pradesh 481116 Maharashtra 400021 Tel.: +91 7636290300 Tel.: +91 22 614666400 [email protected] www.corbettfoundation.org 3 Some Insects and Spiders of Kanha Tiger Reserve by Aniruddha Dhamorikar © The Corbett Foundation. 2015. All rights reserved. No part of this book may be used, reproduced, or transmitted in any form (electronic and in print) for commercial purposes. This book is meant for educational purposes only, and can be reproduced or transmitted electronically or in print with due credit to the author and the publisher. All images are © Aniruddha Dhamorikar unless otherwise mentioned. Image credits (used under Creative Commons): Amol Patwardhan: Mottled emigrant (plate 1.l) Dinesh Valke: Whirligig beetle (plate 10.h) Jeffrey W. Lotz: Kerria lacca (plate 14.o) Piotr Naskrecki, Bud bug (plate 17.e) Beatriz Moisset: Sweat bee (plate 26.h) Lindsay Condon: Mole cricket (plate 28.l) Ashish Tiple: Common hooktail (plate 29.d) Ashish Tiple: Common clubtail (plate 29.e) Aleksandr: Lacewing larva (plate 34.c) Jeff Holman: Flea (plate 35.j) Kosta Mumcuoglu: Louse (plate 35.m) Erturac: Flea (plate 35.n) Cover: Amyciaea forticeps preying on Oecophylla smargdina, with a kleptoparasitic Phorid fly sharing in the meal.
    [Show full text]
  • Alien Invasive Species and International Trade
    Forest Research Institute Alien Invasive Species and International Trade Edited by Hugh Evans and Tomasz Oszako Warsaw 2007 Reviewers: Steve Woodward (University of Aberdeen, School of Biological Sciences, Scotland, UK) François Lefort (University of Applied Science in Lullier, Switzerland) © Copyright by Forest Research Institute, Warsaw 2007 ISBN 978-83-87647-64-3 Description of photographs on the covers: Alder decline in Poland – T. Oszako, Forest Research Institute, Poland ALB Brighton – Forest Research, UK; Anoplophora exit hole (example of wood packaging pathway) – R. Burgess, Forestry Commission, UK Cameraria adult Brussels – P. Roose, Belgium; Cameraria damage medium view – Forest Research, UK; other photographs description inside articles – see Belbahri et al. Language Editor: James Richards Layout: Gra¿yna Szujecka Print: Sowa–Print on Demand www.sowadruk.pl, phone: +48 022 431 81 40 Instytut Badawczy Leœnictwa 05-090 Raszyn, ul. Braci Leœnej 3, phone [+48 22] 715 06 16 e-mail: [email protected] CONTENTS Introduction .......................................6 Part I – EXTENDED ABSTRACTS Thomas Jung, Marla Downing, Markus Blaschke, Thomas Vernon Phytophthora root and collar rot of alders caused by the invasive Phytophthora alni: actual distribution, pathways, and modeled potential distribution in Bavaria ......................10 Tomasz Oszako, Leszek B. Orlikowski, Aleksandra Trzewik, Teresa Orlikowska Studies on the occurrence of Phytophthora ramorum in nurseries, forest stands and garden centers ..........................19 Lassaad Belbahri, Eduardo Moralejo, Gautier Calmin, François Lefort, Jose A. Garcia, Enrique Descals Reports of Phytophthora hedraiandra on Viburnum tinus and Rhododendron catawbiense in Spain ..................26 Leszek B. Orlikowski, Tomasz Oszako The influence of nursery-cultivated plants, as well as cereals, legumes and crucifers, on selected species of Phytophthopra ............30 Lassaad Belbahri, Gautier Calmin, Tomasz Oszako, Eduardo Moralejo, Jose A.
    [Show full text]
  • Invasion History and Management of Eucalyptus Snout Beetles in the Gonipterus Scutellatus Species Complex
    Journal of Pest Science https://doi.org/10.1007/s10340-019-01156-y REVIEW Invasion history and management of Eucalyptus snout beetles in the Gonipterus scutellatus species complex Michelle L. Schröder1 · Bernard Slippers2 · Michael J. Wingfeld2 · Brett P. Hurley1 Received: 8 December 2018 / Revised: 15 July 2019 / Accepted: 17 August 2019 © Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2019 Abstract Gonipterus scutellatus (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), once thought to be a single species, is now known to reside in a com- plex of at least eight cryptic species. Two of these species (G. platensis and G. pulverulentus) and an undescribed species (Gonipterus sp. n. 2) are invasive pests on fve continents. A single population of Anaphes nitens, an egg parasitoid, has been used to control all three species of Gonipterus throughout the invaded range. Limited knowledge regarding the diferent cryptic species and their diversity signifcantly impedes eforts to manage the pest complex outside the native range. In this review, we consider the invasion and taxonomic history of the G. scutellatus cryptic species complex and the implications that the cryptic species diversity could have on management strategies. The ecological and biological aspects of these pests that require further research are identifed. Strategies that could be used to develop an ecological approach towards managing the G. scutellatus species complex are also suggested. Keywords Gonipterus scutellatus · Cryptic species · Invasion history · Biological control · Anaphes nitens · Eucalyptus snout beetle Key message Introduction Eucalyptus spp. and their relatives have been extensively • The Eucalyptus snout beetle (ESB) continues to spread planted outside their native range for more than a century and impact Eucalyptus production worldwide.
    [Show full text]
  • The Entomofauna on Eucalyptus in Israel: a Review
    EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF ENTOMOLOGYENTOMOLOGY ISSN (online): 1802-8829 Eur. J. Entomol. 116: 450–460, 2019 http://www.eje.cz doi: 10.14411/eje.2019.046 REVIEW The entomofauna on Eucalyptus in Israel: A review ZVI MENDEL and ALEX PROTASOV Department of Entomology, Institute of Plant Protection, Agricultural Research Organization, The Volcani Center, Rishon LeTzion 7528809, Israel; e-mails: [email protected], [email protected] Key words. Eucalyptus, Israel, invasive species, native species, insect pests, natural enemies Abstract. The fi rst successful Eucalyptus stands were planted in Israel in 1884. This tree genus, particularly E. camaldulensis, now covers approximately 11,000 ha and constitutes nearly 4% of all planted ornamental trees. Here we review and discuss the information available about indigenous and invasive species of insects that develop on Eucalyptus trees in Israel and the natural enemies of specifi c exotic insects of this tree. Sixty-two phytophagous species are recorded on this tree of which approximately 60% are indigenous. The largest group are the sap feeders, including both indigenous and invasive species, which are mostly found on irrigated trees, or in wetlands. The second largest group are wood feeders, polyphagous Coleoptera that form the dominant native group, developing in dying or dead wood. Most of the seventeen parasitoids associated with the ten invasive Eucalyptus-specifi c species were introduced as biocontrol agents in classical biological control projects. None of the polyphagous species recorded on Eucalyptus pose any threat to this tree. The most noxious invasive specifi c pests, the gall wasps (Eulophidae) and bronze bug (Thaumastocoris peregrinus), are well controlled by introduced parasitoids.
    [Show full text]
  • Redalyc.Patrones De Distribución De Los Geométridos De La Región Del
    Revista Chilena de Historia Natural ISSN: 0716-078X [email protected] Sociedad de Biología de Chile Chile ZAMORA-MANZUR, CARLOS; PARRA, LUIS E.; JAQUE, EDILIA Patrones de distribución de los geométridos de la Región del Biobío, Chile: Una aproximación para su conservación Revista Chilena de Historia Natural, vol. 84, núm. 4, 2011, pp. 465-480 Sociedad de Biología de Chile Santiago, Chile Disponible en: http://www.redalyc.org/articulo.oa?id=369944645001 Cómo citar el artículo Número completo Sistema de Información Científica Más información del artículo Red de Revistas Científicas de América Latina, el Caribe, España y Portugal Página de la revista en redalyc.org Proyecto académico sin fines de lucro, desarrollado bajo la iniciativa de acceso abierto DISTRIBUCIÓN Y DIVERSIDAD DE GEOMETRIDAE 465 REVISTA CHILENA DE HISTORIA NATURAL Revista Chilena de Historia Natural 84: 465-480, 2011 © Sociedad de Biología de Chile ARTÍCULO DE INVESTIGACIÓN Patrones de distribución de los geométridos de la Región del Biobío, Chile: Una aproximación para su conservación Distributional patterns of Geometridae of the Biobío Region, Chile: An approach for their conservation CARLOS ZAMORA-MANZUR 1, 2 , LUIS E. PARRA 2, * & EDILIA JAQUE 3 1 Departamento de Ecología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Católica de la Santísima Concepción, Alonso de Rivera 2850, Concepción, Chile 2 Departamento de Zoología, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Oceanográfi cas, Universidad de Concepción, Casilla 160-C, Concepción, Chile 3 Departamento de Geografía, Facultad de Arquitectura, Urbanismo y Geografía, Universidad de Concepción, Casilla 160-C, Concepción, Chile *Autor correspondiente: [email protected] RESUMEN La Región del Biobío en el centro sur de Chile es una zona de transición climática donde conviven bosques templados y esclerófi los, generando una zona de alta diversidad.
    [Show full text]
  • The Mcguire Center for Lepidoptera and Biodiversity
    Supplemental Information All specimens used within this study are housed in: the McGuire Center for Lepidoptera and Biodiversity (MGCL) at the Florida Museum of Natural History, Gainesville, USA (FLMNH); the University of Maryland, College Park, USA (UMD); the Muséum national d’Histoire naturelle in Paris, France (MNHN); and the Australian National Insect Collection in Canberra, Australia (ANIC). Methods DNA extraction protocol of dried museum specimens (detailed instructions) Prior to tissue sampling, dried (pinned or papered) specimens were assigned MGCL barcodes, photographed, and their labels digitized. Abdomens were then removed using sterile forceps, cleaned with 100% ethanol between each sample, and the remaining specimens were returned to their respective trays within the MGCL collections. Abdomens were placed in 1.5 mL microcentrifuge tubes with the apex of the abdomen in the conical end of the tube. For larger abdomens, 5 mL microcentrifuge tubes or larger were utilized. A solution of proteinase K (Qiagen Cat #19133) and genomic lysis buffer (OmniPrep Genomic DNA Extraction Kit) in a 1:50 ratio was added to each abdomen containing tube, sufficient to cover the abdomen (typically either 300 µL or 500 µL) - similar to the concept used in Hundsdoerfer & Kitching (1). Ratios of 1:10 and 1:25 were utilized for low quality or rare specimens. Low quality specimens were defined as having little visible tissue inside of the abdomen, mold/fungi growth, or smell of bacterial decay. Samples were incubated overnight (12-18 hours) in a dry air oven at 56°C. Importantly, we also adjusted the ratio depending on the tissue type, i.e., increasing the ratio for particularly large or egg-containing abdomens.
    [Show full text]
  • Environment Vs Mode Horizontal Mixed Vertical Aquatic 34 28 6 Terrestrial 36 122 215
    environment vs mode horizontal mixed vertical aquatic 34 28 6 terrestrial 36 122 215 route vs mode mixed vertical external 54 40 internal 96 181 function vs mode horizontal mixed vertical nutrition 60 53 128 defense 1 33 15 multicomponent 0 9 8 unknown 9 32 70 manipulation 0 23 0 host classes vs symbiosis factors horizontal mixed vertical na external internal aquatic terrestrial nutrition defense multiple factor unknown manipulation Arachnida 0 0 2 0 0 2 0 2 2 0 0 0 0 Bivalvia 19 13 2 19 0 15 34 0 34 0 0 0 0 Bryopsida 2 0 0 2 0 0 0 2 2 0 0 0 0 Bryozoa 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 Cephalopoda 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 Chordata 0 1 0 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 Chromadorea 0 2 0 0 2 0 2 0 2 0 0 0 0 Demospongiae 1 2 0 1 0 2 3 0 0 0 0 3 0 Filicopsida 0 2 0 0 0 2 0 2 2 0 0 0 0 Gastropoda 5 0 0 5 0 0 5 0 5 0 0 0 0 Hepaticopsida 4 0 0 4 0 0 0 4 4 0 0 0 0 Homoscleromorpha 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 Insecta 8 112 208 8 82 238 3 325 151 43 9 105 20 Liliopsida 4 0 0 4 0 0 0 4 4 0 0 0 0 Magnoliopsida 17 4 0 17 0 4 0 21 17 4 0 0 0 Malacostraca 2 2 0 2 0 2 3 1 2 0 0 0 2 Maxillopoda 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 Nematoda 0 1 1 0 1 1 0 2 0 0 1 1 0 Oligochaeta 0 8 0 0 8 0 6 2 7 0 0 1 0 Polychaeta 6 0 0 6 0 0 6 0 6 0 0 0 0 Secernentea 0 0 7 0 0 7 0 7 0 0 7 0 0 Sphagnopsida 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 Turbellaria 0 0 1 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 host families vs.
    [Show full text]
  • Laboratory Performance of Cactoblastis Cactorum 1163
    Varone et al.: Laboratory Performance of Cactoblastis cactorum 1163 LABORATORY PERFORMANCE OF CACTOBLASTIS CACTORUM (LEPIDOPTERA: PYRALIDAE) ON SOUTH AND NORTH AMERICAN OPUNTIA SPECIES OCCURRING IN ARGENTINA LAURA VARONE1, MARIANA MANTECA ACOSTA2, GUILLERMO A. LOGARZO1, JUAN A. BRIANO1, STEPHEN D. HIGHT3 AND JAMES E. CARPENTER4 1FuEDEI, Fundación para el Estudio de Especies Invasivas, Hurlingham (1686), Buenos Aires, Argentina 2INMeT, Instituto Nacional de Medicina Tropical, Puerto Iguazú (3370), Misiones, Argentina 3USDA-ARS- CMAVE, FAMU, 6383 Mahan Drive Tallahassee, FL 32308, USA 4USDA-ARS- CPMRU, 2747 Davis Road, Tifton, GA 31793, USA Corresponding author; E-mail: [email protected] ABSTRACT The cactus moth, Cactoblastis cactorum (Berg), is native to South America. Since its unin- tentional arrival to the United States in 1989 and to Mexican islands in 2006, it has become a serious threat to the diversity of both wild and cultivated species of Opuntia Mill. in North America. The native ecological host range of C. cactorum has not been directly ascertained and host acceptance is unclear. Taxonomic nomenclature of Opuntia spp. has been confus- ing, contradictory, and rapidly changing, leading to inaccurate conclusions about host plant use by C. cactorum in its native South American range. This study was conducted to bet- ter understand the biology and ecology of C. cactorum in Argentina by evaluating, under laboratory conditions, the insects’ performance (survivorship, development time, potential fecundity) on 8 Opuntia spp. occurring in Argentina. Feeding trials were conducted on 5 Opuntia spp. native to Argentina and 3 Opuntia spp. native to Mexico. Cactoblastis cac- torum larvae failed to feed on 2 native Opuntia spp., and had their greatest performance on the North American O.
    [Show full text]
  • Lepidoptera Geometridae
    Bol. Soc. Biol. de Concepción, Tomo LI, 1981, pp. 7-39. CATALOGO DE LOS LEPIDÓPTEROS GEOMETRIDOS DE CHILE (LEPIDOPTERA : GEOMETRIDAE) ANDRÉS O. ÁNGULO (*) y MARÍA E. CASANUEVA (*) R E .S U M E N Se presenta el catálogo de las mariposas geométridas de Chile (Lepidoptera-. Geometridae). Se registra para Chile 251 especies nominales, distribuidas en cuatro subfamilias: Archiearinae, Ennominae, Larentiinae y Geometrinae. Se entrega, cuando se conoce, la localización de los typi en diferentes museos o instituciones similares. Se agregan algunos aspectos de sinonimia, distribución geográfica y fechas de vuelo. Abstract A catalog of the geometrid moths of Chile is presented (Lepidoptera: Geome- tridae). 251 nominal species distributed in four subfamiLies: Archiearinae, Ennomi- nae, Larentiinae and Geometrinae are recorded from Chile. The location of typi at different museums or similar institutions — when it is known — is given. Some aspects of synonymy, date of flight and geographical distribution are added. INTRODUCCIÓN El campo de los lepidópteros heteróceros, en nuestro país, ha estado abandonado por mucho tiempo, sin un censo racional de los nom- bres de especies citadas o descritas para Chile; es así que este catálogo de los geométridos pretende llenar, en parte, esta laguna que se produjo desde que Bartlett-Calvert en 1886 publicó su catálogo de los heteróceros de Chile con 164 especies aproximadamente; desde esa fecha Mabille (1889), Fletcher (1953), Ureta (1956), Rindge (1971) y otros crean y mencionan nuevas especies para Chile. La trascendencia de los geométridos en la agricultura y especial- mente en el campo silvicultural es enorme, pues sus estados larvales con- forestación sumen el follaje de los árboles que tienen importancia en la se hace necesario un y recursos madereros nacionales, es por esto que pronto estudio racional de esta familia; de este modo se entrega el pre- Universidad de Concepción.
    [Show full text]