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Use of Laboratory Equipement
USE OF LABORATORY EQUIPEMENT C. Laboratory Thermometers Most thermometers are based upon the principle that liquids expand when heated. Most common thermometers use mercury or colored alcohol as the liquid. These thermometers are constructed as that a uniform-diameter capillary tube surmounts a liquid reservoir. To calibrate a thermometer, one defines two reference points, normally the freezing point of water (0°C, 32°F) and the boiling point of water (100°C, 212°F) at 1 tam of pressure (1 tam = 760 mm Hg). Once these points are marked on the capillary, its length is then subdivided into uniform divisions called degrees. There are 100° between these two points on the Celsius (°C, or centigrade) scale and 180° between those two points on the Fahrenheit (°F) scale. °F = 1.8 °C + 32 The Thermometer and Its Calibration This section describes the proper technique for checking the accuracy of your thermometer. These measurements will show how measured temperatures (read from thermometer) compare with true temperatures (the boiling and freezing points of water). The freezing point of water is 0°C; the boiling point depends upon atmospheric pressure but at sea level it is 100°C. Option 1: Place approximately 50 mL of ice in a 250-mL beaker and cover the ice with distilled water. Allow about 15 min for the mixture to come to equilibrium and then measure and record the temperature of the mixture. Theoretically, this temperature is 0°C. Option 2: Set up a 250-mL beaker on a wire gauze and iron ring. Fill the beaker about half full with distilled water. -
PML Brochure
PHYSICAL MEASUREMENT LABORATORY Gauging nature on all scales NIST.GOV/PML PHYSICAL MEASUREMENT LABORATORY (PML) The Physical Measurement Laboratory (PML), a major frequency, electricity, temperature, humidity, pressure operating unit of the National Institute of Standards and vacuum, liquid and gas flow, and electromag- and Technology (NIST), sets the definitive U.S. standards netic, optical, acoustic, and ionizing radiation. PML for nearly every kind of measurement in modern life, collaborates directly with industry, universities, profes- sometimes across more than 20 orders of magni- sional and standards-setting organizations, and other tude. PML is a world leader in the science of physical agencies of government to ensure accuracy and to measurement, devising procedures and tools that make solve problems. It also supports research in many continual progress possible. Exact measurements are fields of urgent national importance, such as manu- absolutely essential to industry, medicine, the research facturing, energy, health, law enforcement and community, and government. All of them depend on homeland security, communications, military defense, PML to develop, maintain, and disseminate the official electronics, the environment, lighting and display, standards for a wide range of quantities, including radiation, remote sensing, space exploration, length, mass, force and shock, acceleration, time and and transportation. IMPACTS ❱ Provides 700 kinds of calibration services ❱ Numerous special testing services NIST.GOV/PML | 2 NIST.GOV/PML -
Chemostat Culture for Yeast Experimental Evolution
Downloaded from http://cshprotocols.cshlp.org/ at Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Library on August 9, 2017 - Published by Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press Protocol Chemostat Culture for Yeast Experimental Evolution Celia Payen and Maitreya J. Dunham1 Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195 Experimental evolution is one approach used to address a broad range of questions related to evolution and adaptation to strong selection pressures. Experimental evolution of diverse microbial and viral systems has routinely been used to study new traits and behaviors and also to dissect mechanisms of rapid evolution. This protocol describes the practical aspects of experimental evolution with yeast grown in chemostats, including the setup of the experiment and sampling methods as well as best laboratory and record-keeping practices. MATERIALS It is essential that you consult the appropriate Material Safety Data Sheets and your institution’s Environmental Health and Safety Office for proper handling of equipment and hazardous material used in this protocol. Reagents Defined minimal medium appropriate for the experiment For examples, see Protocol: Assembly of a Mini-Chemostat Array (Miller et al. 2015). Ethanol (95%) Glycerol (20% and 50%; sterile) Yeast strain of interest Equipment Agar plates (appropriate for chosen strain) Chemostat array Assemble the apparatus as described in Miller et al. (2013) and Protocol: Assembly of a Mini-Chemostat Array (Miller et al. 2015). Cryo deep-freeze labels Cryogenic vials Culture tubes Cytometer (BD Accuri C6) Glass beads, 4 mm (sterile; for plating yeast cells) Glass cylinder Kimwipes 1Correspondence: [email protected] © 2017 Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press Cite this protocol as Cold Spring Harb Protoc; doi:10.1101/pdb.prot089011 559 Downloaded from http://cshprotocols.cshlp.org/ at Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Library on August 9, 2017 - Published by Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press C. -
Standard Operating Procedures
Standard Operating Procedures 1 Standard Operating Procedures OVERVIEW In the following laboratory exercises you will be introduced to some of the glassware and tech- niques used by chemists to isolate components from natural or synthetic mixtures and to purify the individual compounds and characterize them by determining some of their physical proper- ties. While working collaboratively with your group members you will become acquainted with: a) Volumetric glassware b) Liquid-liquid extraction apparatus c) Distillation apparatus OBJECTIVES After finishing these sessions and reporting your results to your mentor, you should be able to: • Prepare solutions of exact concentrations • Separate liquid-liquid mixtures • Purify compounds by recrystallization • Separate mixtures by simple and fractional distillation 2 EXPERIMENT 1 Glassware Calibration, Primary and Secondary Standards, and Manual Titrations PART 1. Volumetric Glassware Calibration Volumetric glassware is used to either contain or deliver liquids at a specified temperature. Glassware manufacturers indicate this by inscribing on the volumetric ware the initials TC (to contain) or TD (to deliver) along with the calibration temperature, which is usually 20°C1. Volumetric glassware must be scrupulously clean before use. The presence of streaks or droplets is an indication of the presence of a grease film. To eliminate grease from glassware, scrub with detergent solution, rinse with tap water, and finally rinse with a small portion of distilled water. Volumetric flasks (TC) A volumetric flask has a large round bottom with only one graduation mark positioned on the long narrow neck. Graduation Mark Stopper The position of the mark facilitates the accurate and precise reading of the meniscus. If the flask is used to prepare a solution starting with a solid compound, add small amounts of sol- vent until the entire solid dissolves. -
Q Path Adhesive Slide
In Vitro Diagnostic Medical Device For professional use only Q PATH ADHESIVE SLIDE According to standard ISO 18113-2 : 2009, Point 7 Requirements for instructions or use and consolidated Directive 98/79/EC PRODUCT NAME Cat. No Description Pack Size 10048001 Q path Adhesive Slide white Box of 72 slides 10048002 Q path Adhesive Slide blue Box of 72 slides 10048003 Q path Adhesive Slide green Box of 72 slides 10048004 Q path Adhesive Slide yellow Box of 72 slides 10048005 Q path Adhesive Slide pink Box of 72 slides INTENDED PURPOSE These microscope slides may be used for the routine diagnosis of suspensions of cells and samples of tissue. Given that the possibilities for their use are highly varied, these glass slides should only be handled by users who hold a professional qualification that complies with national legislation. These microscope slides are intended for single use only. Any re-use or inappropriate treatment of their surface could lead to inaccurate results, the deterioration of preparations, and erroneous diagnoses. WARNING AND PRECAUTIONS Before use, please read all this information carefully. Microscope slides and cover slips are intended for single use by qualified personnel. They must under no circumstances be used more than once, and must be disposed of after use or at the end of the archive period in an appropriate manner as potentially infectious waste. If you observe any damage to the packaging, or any signs of glass fragments, the slides and cover slips must not be used, due to the risk of injury from glass splinters. Recommendation: In order to reduce the risk of injury due to sharp edges as much as possible, we strongly recommend the use of our microscope slides with polished edges. -
Environmental Protection Agency Pt. 63, App. A
Environmental Protection Agency Pt. 63, App. A APPENDIX A TO PART 63—TEST METHODS posed as an alternative test method to meet an applicable requirement or in the absence METHOD 301—FIELD VALIDATION OF POLLUT- of a validated method. Additionally, the val- ANT MEASUREMENT METHODS FROM VARIOUS idation procedures of Method 301 are appro- WASTE MEDIA priate for demonstration of the suitability of alternative test methods under 40 CFR parts USING METHOD 301 59, 60, and 61. If, under 40 CFR part 63 or 60, 1.0 What is the purpose of Method 301? you choose to propose a validation method other than Method 301, you must submit and 2.0 What approval must I have to use Method obtain the Administrator’s approval for the 301? candidate validation method. 3.0 What does Method 301 include? 2.0 What approval must I have to use Method 301? 4.0 How do I perform Method 301? If you want to use a candidate test method REFERENCE MATERIALS to meet requirements in a subpart of 40 CFR part 59, 60, 61, 63, or 65, you must also request 5.0 What reference materials must I use? approval to use the candidate test method according to the procedures in Section 16 of SAMPLING PROCEDURES this method and the appropriate section of 6.0 What sampling procedures must I use? the part (§ 59.104, § 59.406, § 60.8(b), § 61.13(h)(1)(ii), § 63.7(f), or § 65.158(a)(2)(iii)). 7.0 How do I ensure sample stability? You must receive the Administrator’s writ- ten approval to use the candidate test meth- DETERMINATION OF BIAS AND PRECISION od before you use the candidate test method to meet the applicable federal requirements. -
Site-Directed Spin Labeling of Large Riboswitches Using Click Chemistry
Site-Directed Spin Labeling of Large Riboswitches Using Click Chemistry Dissertation zur Erlangung des Doktorgrades (Dr. rer. nat.) der Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftlichen Fakultät der Rheinischen Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn vorgelegt von Mark Kerzhner aus Winnyzja, Ukraine Bonn 2018 Angefertigt mit Genehmigung der Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftlichen Fakultät der Rheinischen Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn 1. Gutachter: Prof. Dr. Michael Famulok 2. Gutachter: Prof. Dr. Olav Schiemann Tag der Promotion: 25.10.2018 Erscheinungsjahr: 2019 Parts of this thesis have been published in: Kerzhner, M.; Abdullin, D.; Więcek, J.; Matsuoka, H.; Hagelueken, G.; Famulok, M.; Schiemann, O., Post-synthetic Spin-Labeling of RNA through Click Chemistry for PELDOR Measurments, Chem. Eur.J. 2016, 22, 12113 –12121. Kerzhner, M.; Matsuoka, H.; Wuebben, C.; Famulok, M.; Schiemann, O., High- Yield Spin Labeling of Long RNAs for Electron Paramagnetic Resonance Spectroscopy, Biochemistry, 2018, 57, 2923–2931. Danksagung An erster Stelle möchte ich Herrn Prof. Dr. Michael Famulok danken, dass er mir die Chance ermöglicht hat, an diesem anspruchsvollen aber hochinteressanten Projekt zu arbeiten. Außerdem bin ich ihm sehr dankbar, dass er mir über die Jahre sein Vertrauen geschenkt hat. Großer Dank gilt außerdem dem Kooperationspartner Herrn Prof. Dr. Olav Schiemann, ohne dessen Unterstützung die Umsetzung dieses Projektes nicht möglich gewesen wäre. Er und seine Arbeitsgruppe haben entscheidende Beiträge zu den erzielten Ergebnissen dieser Arbeit geleistet. Allen Mitgliedern meiner Prüfungskommission danke ich für die Begutachtung dieser Dissertation. Ich danke meinen Kooperationspartnern aus der Arbeitsgruppe von Herrn Prof. Dr. Olav Schiemann. Bei Dr. Dinar Abdullin, Dr. Hideto Matsuoka und Dr. Andreas Meyer bedanke ich mich herzlich für die zahlreichen PELDOR-Messungen sowie Hilfe bei verschiedenen Fragestellungen. -
Viruses at Glycocalyx Barriers SI Bioarxiv
Glycocalyx crowding with synthetic mucin mimetics strengthens interactions between soluble and virus-associated lectins and cell surface glycan receptors Authors: aDaniel J. Honigfort, b, † Meghan O. Altman, bPascal Gagneux, and Kamil Godula*,a Author Affiliation: aDepartment of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093-0358, USA bDepartment of Pathology, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093-0687, USA Supporting Information 1 Table of contents: Instrumentation and reagents. ............................................................................................................ 4 Synthesis of propargyl glycosides. ........................................................... Error! Bookmark not defined. Scheme S1. Preparation of β-propargyl glycosides via the Schmidt glycosylation.Error! Bookmark not defined. Synthesis of glycopolymers GP-S/M/L ............................................................................................... 5 Scheme S2. Synthesis of Glycopolymers through iterative CuAAc click strategy. ................................ 5 General Procedure for the preparation of poly(epichlorohydrin) (P1). ............................................ 5 General Procedure for the end-functionalization of poly(epichlorohydrin) (P2). ............................ 6 General Procedure for the preparation of poly(Glycidyl Azide) (P3). .............................................. 6 General procedure for the preparation of Glycopolymers -
Environmental Chemistry Method Methoxyfenozide & Degradates In
Dow AgroSciences LLC Study ID: 110356 Page 12 Method Validation Study for the Detennination of Residues of Methoxyfenozide and its A-ring • Phenol Metabolite and B-ring Mono Acid Metabolite in Surface Water, Ground Water and Drinking Water by Liquid Chromatography with Tandem Mass Spectrometry INTRODUCTION J This method is applicable for the quantitative detennination of residues of methoxyfenozide and its A-ring phenol metabolite and B-ring mono acid metabolite in surface, ground and drinking water. The method was validated over the concentration range of 0.05-1.0 µg/L with a validated limit of quantitation of 0.05 µg/L. Common names, chemical names, and molecular formulas for the analytes are given in Table I. This study was conducted to fulfill data requirements outlined in the EPA Residue Chemistry Test Guidelines, OPPTS 850. 7100 (/). The validation will also comply with the requirements of EU Council Regulation (EC) No. 1107/2009 with particular regard to Section 3 of SANCO/3029/99 rev.4 and Section 3 of SANCO/825/00 rev.8.1 as well as PMRA Regulatory Directive Dir98-02 (2-4). The validation was conducted following Dow AgroSciences SOP ECL-24 with exceptions noted in the protocol or by protocol amendment. Method Principle Residues of methoxyfenozide, its A-ring phenol metabolite and its B-ring mono acid metabolite • are extracted from water samples by taking a l 0.0-mL aliquot and placing in an I I -dram (45-mL) glass vial equipped with a PTFE-lined cap or a 50-mL polypropylene centrifuge tube equipped with a cap. -
Uv and Visible Spectroscopy1
Page 1 of 4 I. INTRODUCTION TO UV AND VISIBLE SPECTROSCOPY1 When white light passes through or is reflected by a colored substance, a characteristic portion of the mixed wavelengths is absorbed. The remaining light will then assume the complementary color to the wavelength(s) absorbed. Thus, absorption of 420-430 nm light renders a substance yellow, and absorption of 500-520 nm light makes it red. Green is unique in that it can be created by absorption close to 400 nm as well as absorption near 800 nm. When sample molecules are exposed to light having an energy that matches a possible electronic transition within the molecule, some of the light energy will be absorbed as the electron is promoted to a higher energy orbital. An optical spectrometer records the wavelengths at which absorption occurs, together with the degree of absorption at each wavelength. The resulting spectrum is presented as a graph of absorbance (A) versus wavelength. Absorbance usually ranges from 0 (no absorption) to 2 (99% absorption), and is precisely defined in context with spectrometer operation. Because the absorbance of a sample will be proportional to the number of absorbing molecules in the spectrometer light beam (e.g. their molar concentration in the sample tube), it is necessary to correct the absorbance value for this and other operational factors if the spectra of different compounds are to be compared in a meaningful way. The corrected absorption value is called "molar absorptivity", and is particularly useful when comparing the spectra of different compounds and determining the relative strength of light absorbing functions (chromophores). -
BROOKFIELD DIAL READING VISCOMETER with Electronic Drive
BROOKFIELD DIAL READING VISCOMETER with Electronic Drive Operating Instructions Manual No. M00-151-I0614 SPECIALISTS IN THE MEASUREMENT AND CONTROL OF VISCOSITY with offices in : Boston • Chicago • London • Stuttgart • Guangzhou BROOKFIELD ENGINEERING LABORATORIES, INC. 11 Commerce Boulevard, Middleboro, MA 02346 USA TEL 508-946-6200 or 800-628-8139 (USA excluding MA) FAX 508-946-6262 INTERNET http://www.brookfieldengineering.com TABLE OF CONTENTS I. INTRODUCTION .....................................................................................5 I.1 Components .......................................................................................................5 I.2 Utilities ................................................................................................................6 I.3 Specifications .....................................................................................................6 I.4 Set-Up ................................................................................................................7 I.5 IQ, OQ, PQ .........................................................................................................7 I.6 Safety Symbols and Precautions .......................................................................8 I.7 Cleaning .............................................................................................................8 II. GETTING STARTED ..............................................................................9 II.1 Operation ...........................................................................................................9 -
Laboratory Equipment Reference Sheet
Laboratory Equipment Stirring Rod: Reference Sheet: Iron Ring: Description: Glass rod. Uses: To stir combinations; To use in pouring liquids. Evaporating Dish: Description: Iron ring with a screw fastener; Several Sizes Uses: To fasten to the ring stand as a support for an apparatus Description: Porcelain dish. Buret Clamp/Test Tube Clamp: Uses: As a container for small amounts of liquids being evaporated. Glass Plate: Description: Metal clamp with a screw fastener, swivel and lock nut, adjusting screw, and a curved clamp. Uses: To hold an apparatus; May be fastened to a ring stand. Mortar and Pestle: Description: Thick glass. Uses: Many uses; Should not be heated Description: Heavy porcelain dish with a grinder. Watch Glass: Uses: To grind chemicals to a powder. Spatula: Description: Curved glass. Uses: May be used as a beaker cover; May be used in evaporating very small amounts of Description: Made of metal or porcelain. liquid. Uses: To transfer solid chemicals in weighing. Funnel: Triangular File: Description: Metal file with three cutting edges. Uses: To scratch glass or file. Rubber Connector: Description: Glass or plastic. Uses: To hold filter paper; May be used in pouring Description: Short length of tubing. Medicine Dropper: Uses: To connect parts of an apparatus. Pinch Clamp: Description: Glass tip with a rubber bulb. Uses: To transfer small amounts of liquid. Forceps: Description: Metal clamp with finger grips. Uses: To clamp a rubber connector. Test Tube Rack: Description: Metal Uses: To pick up or hold small objects. Beaker: Description: Rack; May be wood, metal, or plastic. Uses: To hold test tubes in an upright position.