Struktur Penyajian Tari Selampe Pada Dayak Sawe Di Desa Sekonau Kecamatan Sekadau Hulu Kabupaten Sekadau

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Struktur Penyajian Tari Selampe Pada Dayak Sawe Di Desa Sekonau Kecamatan Sekadau Hulu Kabupaten Sekadau STRUKTUR PENYAJIAN TARI SELAMPE PADA DAYAK SAWE DI DESA SEKONAU KECAMATAN SEKADAU HULU KABUPATEN SEKADAU ARTIKEL PENELITIAN OLEH KRESENSIA PURWATI F1111131011 PROGRAM STUDI PENDIDIKAN SENI PERTUNJUKAN JURUSAN PENDIDIKAN BAHASA DAN SENI FAKULTAS KEGURUAN DAN ILMU PENDIDIKAN UNIVERSITAS TANJUNGPURA PONTIANAK 2018 1 2 STRUKTUR PENYAJIAN TARI SELAMPE PADA DAYAK SAWE DI DESA SEKONAU KECAMATAN SEKADAU HULU KABUPATEN SEKADAU Kresensia Purwati, Ismunandar, Henny Sanulita Program Studi Pendidikan Seni Pertunjukan FKIP Untan Pontianak Email : [email protected] Abstrac This research was motivated by resercher’s desire to know the structure of Selampe Dance Presentation to Dayak Sawe at Sekonao Village Sekadau Sub-District of Sekadau Regency west Kalimantan. The purpose of this study was to described the structure of presentation that has characteristics from it’s movement, music, makeup, and clothing, as well as rhymes in it. The methode used in this research was descriptive with qualitative research form. The approach used was a choreographic approach. The data source in this research were Mr. Nirus and Mrs. Serina. Based on data anlysis can be concluded as follows. The presentation structure of selampe dance was arrangement of one unit one presentation or appearance that has three important parts in the presentation structure they are, first part, midle part, and last part. The main elements of presentation structure form such as dance movement which mean to illustrates something known as maknawi motion, design of lines on the floor that traversed by dancers, accompaniment music of rhymes, theme, makeup and clothing.. Hopefully the result of this research can be implemented in seni budaya on grade X in SMA Negeri 01 Sekadau Hulu to K-13 curriculum in order to all the students understand more about dance tradition. Keywords: The Structure of Selampe Dance Presentation. PENDAHULUAN Dayak Sawe di Kabupaten Sekadau di sepanjang sungai menterap. Tetapi,suku Kecamatan Sekadau Hulu mempunyai dua dayak sawe yang tinggal di kabupaten tempat tinggal yang berbeda. Selain tinggal sekadau kecamatan sekadau hulu ini di sepanjang sungai sekadau, juga bermukim merupakan suku dayak sawe yang tersesat. 3 Nirus (57) mengatakan bahwa, suku dayak penari tari selampe mengatakan bahwa awal sawe asli bermukiman di kabupaten kapuas mulanya tarian ini diberi nama tari gamal hulu. Suku dayak sawe yang terpisah akibat alasannya karena gamal merupakan nama alat penjajahan belanda. Maka, sebagian musik yang mengiringi tarian tersebut. masyarakatnya bersembunyi di sepanjang Gamal biasa kita kenal adalah gong. Toko sungai sekadau dan sungai menterap. tari yang merupakan pengembang tarian (wawancara, 16 januari 2017). Sujarni tersebut sepakat untuk mengubah nama tarian (2007:142) mengatakan bahwa : suku ini menjadi tari selampe. Alasannya selampe dayak sawe yang ada di kecamatan adalah kain selendang yang di simpan atas sekadau hulu mempunyai 14 kampung. bahu penari. (Wawancara, 8 Desember 2017) Namun, kampung tersebut tidak Terdapat Keunikan dalam tarian ini yaitu pertama mempunyai satu ragam gerak, semuanya masyarakat suku dayak sawe dimana ragam geraknya menghadap ke kiri yang menghuninya. Ada juga suku dayak dan ke kanan sembari melangkah kecil ke lain yang berasimilasi, terutama dayak depan dan mengelilingi tepayan (tajo). jawant dan dayak taman meskipun Tangan kiri kanan membuka ke samping jumlah mereka lebih sedikit. sembari memegang selendang dengan Tari selampe adalah tarian rakyat yang menjepit kain tersebut diantara jari telunjuk ada di desa sekonau, kecamatan sekadau dan jari tengah. Kedua, konon ceritanya hulu, kabupaten sekadau yang di ciptakan keunikan pada tari selampe ini adalah oleh nenek moyang pada zaman kerajaan mempunyai satu ragam gerak dan pada tarian sebelum kemerdekaan. Dalam bahasa sawe ini juga kata selampe itu berarti kain selendang yang di simpan di atas bahu. Serina (68) salah satu penari diperbolehkan untuk senyum kostum tidak di patokan harus warna sama karena tarian ini bersifat hikmat dan serius.. yang penting gerakan yang harus Para penari menari melingkar dan dikompakan. Selain pakaian dan make up, mengelilingi tepayan, sambil mengayunkan terdapat unsur pendukung lainnya yaitu kaki dan tangan sembari melangkah kecil diiringi musik tradisional. menggunakan alat sesuai irama musik. Tepayan tersebut berisi musik tradisi seperti ogung gamal (gong), tuak dan sumpit. Selanjutnya sebelum para keromong (kenong), ketubung, ngiringi tarian tamu di persilahkan duduk atau masuk ke tersebut yang terdiri dari : tar, dan mondeh. tempat kegiatan , tamu di wajibkan untuk Namun memainkan alat tersebut tidak boleh minum tuak di dalam tepayan karena itu sembarangan karena sebelum itu, harus merupakan syarat atau peraturannya. setelah diadakan semacam ritual terlebih dahulu itu tamu sudah di persilahkan masuk. yang biasa disebut dalam bahasa dayak sawe Unsur pendukung dalam tari selampe adalah “Berajat ” artinya sebelum memainkan alat rias dan busana. pakaian tarian ini, pada terlebih dahulu meminta izin kepada “Duata zaman dulu busana yang digunakan adalah Petara” yang dipimpin oleh bapak Rojali (69) menggunakan kebaya, kain songket dan kain selaku ketua adat. selendang cinde dan tanpa rias wajah. Namun Mengadakan ritual “Berajat” sehari dengan perkembangan zaman pakaian yang sebelum acara di mulai. Proses ritualnya sering digunakan penari ialah baju kebaya, adalah beras disimpan didalam mangkok adat kain songket ataupun kain sarung bermotif dan diatas beras disimpan paha bunga bunga seperti kain jawa dan selendang ayam,selanjutnya dukun mulai membaca songket atau kain panjang, alasannya Karena mantra dan meneteskan darah ayam ke alat- zaman sekarang kain cinde sudah sulit alat musik tersebut, itu menandakan kalau didapatkan, tetapi mungkin sekarang masih sudah memberitahukan mereka. Nasi ada yang menyimpan kain cinde namun tidak ajan,rotak,longak,dan pisang itu disatukan semua orang yang memilikinya. Warna jadi satu yang biasa disebut dalam bahasa 4 dayak sawe “Pemoram” yaitu semua menyakit, telur adalah lambang dari pecah masyarakat setempat harus mencicipinya. telur pecah penyakit dan talam (nampan) Begitu juga sehari sesudah acara itu selesai sebagai tempat untuk perlindungan. Semua akan diadakan ritual lagi yang disebut tamu harus menginjak sesajian yang sudah “mulang ajat” menandakan kalau di disiapkan. Setelah itu, tamu diperbolehkan kampung sudah menyelesaikan acara dan masuk dan akan diiringi mengunakan tombak akan menyimpan alat-alat musik tersebut. yang dibawa oleh 1 orang laki-laki dan 1 Setelah hari itu tiba, semua masyarakat orang perempuan. Biasanya yang mengiringi setempat bersiap-siap untuk melihat dan tamu adalah sepasang suami istri. Tujuannya menyambut tamu datang dan berkumpul di adalah seperti yang kita ketahui, tombak pintu gerbang. Setelah tamu datang,tamu adalah lambang dari kegagahan dan belum diperbolehkan untuk langsung masuk keberanian, oleh karena itu tujuan dan ke Kampung tersebut, karena akan diadakan maksud tombak untuk mengiringi atau lagi semacam ritual yang di sebut dalam menghantarkan para tamu ketempat acara. bahasa sawe yaitu “ ngabor boras kunin dan Alasan peneliti memilih tari Selampe , nijak tanah” tujuan meminta perlindungan karena peneliti melihat tarian ini tidak pernah kepada leluhur supaya para tamu yang masuk ditampilkan lagi. Selain itu juga, peneliti dan berkunjung ke kampung tersebut, tidak tertarik dengan ragam geraknya yang hanya mendapatkan penyakit. Bahan bahan ngabor terdapat satu ragam serta terdapat keunikan boras kunin dan nijak tanah : mangkok adat, didalam tarian tersebut karena menarikan Beras, Kunyit, Tanah, Telur, Air, Talam tarian Selampe ini tidak boleh senyum. (nampan). Makna dari bahan tersebut adalah Selain ragam gerak, yang mendasari peneliti beras sebagai lambang manusia, warna pengangkat tari Selampe ini adalah unsur- kuning kunyit melambangkan perlindungan unsur yang mendukung dalam suatu dari duata petara supaya roh jahat tidak penyajian yaitu berupa musik iringan, mudah datang, tanah untuk kita berpijak dan kostum, dan rias wajah. Selain itu, alasan sebagai syarat pengenalan kepada setiap tamu peneliti mengambil di desa sekonau yang pertama kali menginjak tanah kampung kecamatan sekadau hulu kabupaten sekadau tersebut, air merupakan lambang dari ialah tarian ini satu satunya yang ada di desa kedinginan, kedamaian serta terbebas dari sekonau. METODE PENELITIAN Peneliti menggunakan metode kemungkinan menjadi kunci terhadap apa deskriptif. Alasan peneliti menggunakan yang diteliti”. Metode ini dianggap relevan metode deskriptif dalam rencana penelitian ini untuk mendeskripsikan gambaran secara jelas tentang objek penelitian yang diteliti untuk mengungkap keadaan yang sesuai dengan sudut pandang kajian bentuk sebenarnya terjadi dilapangan. Peneliti penyajian tari, mengungkapkan, menggunakan bentuk kualitataif dalam menggambarkan, dan mengemukakan rencana penelitian ini karena rencana struktur penyajian tari Selampe. Ratna penelitiannya bersifat alamiah sehingga data (2012:53) menjelaskan bahwa: “Metode yang diperoleh berdasarkan keadaan yang deskriptif dilakukan dengan cara sebenarnya terjadi di lapangan. mendeskripsikan fakta-fakta yang kemudian Pendekatan yang digunakan adalah disusul dengan analisis”. Sejalan dengan pendekatan koreografi. Koreografi adalah pendapat di atas, Zuldafrial dan Lahir, (2012: proses penyeleksian dan pembentukan gerak 5) menjelaskan bahwa: “Metode deskriptif kedalam sebuah tarian, dan perencanaan adalah data yang dikumpulkan berupa kata-
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