Regulation and Dysregulation of Chromosome Structure in Cancer The MIT Faculty has made this article openly available. Please share how this access benefits you. Your story matters. Citation Hnisz, Denes et al. “Regulation and Dysregulation of Chromosome Structure in Cancer.” Annual Review of Cancer Biology 2, 1 (March 2018): 21–40 © 2018 Annual Reviews As Published https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-cancerbio-030617-050134 Version Author's final manuscript Citable link http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/117286 Terms of Use Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial-Share Alike Detailed Terms http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ Regulation and dysregulation of chromosome structure in cancer Denes Hnisz1*, Jurian Schuijers1, Charles H. Li1,2, Richard A. Young1,2* 1 Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, 455 Main Street, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA 2 Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA * Corresponding authors Corresponding Authors: Denes Hnisz Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research 455 Main Street Cambridge, MA 02142 Tel: (617) 258-7181 Fax: (617) 258-0376
[email protected] Richard A. Young Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research 455 Main Street Cambridge, MA 02142 Tel: (617) 258-5218 Fax: (617) 258-0376
[email protected] 1 Summary Cancer arises from genetic alterations that produce dysregulated gene expression programs. Normal gene regulation occurs in the context of chromosome loop structures called insulated neighborhoods, and recent studies have shown that these structures are altered and can contribute to oncogene dysregulation in various cancer cells. We review here the types of genetic and epigenetic alterations that influence neighborhood structures and contribute to gene dysregulation in cancer, present models for insulated neighborhoods associated with the most prominent human oncogenes, and discuss how such models may lead to further advances in cancer diagnosis and therapy.