Annotated Bibliography

Primary Sources

Books

Sejong The Great, . Joseoneohakhoe, 1946.

Although we were only able to access it as an online database, this is the original document of the hunminjeongeum, the first book containing , written directly by King . Through this we were able to see the first version of Hangul and how it looked like in the beginning of its creation, in comparison to what we use in the modern day.

Journal

Joseon Dynasty, The Joseonwangjo Sillok (The Annals of the Dynasty), Sejong vol.113, , 1444. Containing the official record of the Joseon dynasty during the time period in which Hangul was being invented, this source helped us understand more about what was going on in the Joseon empire during those times. By being able to access the official records during the time in Joseon’s changing culture, it was a significant source of information, narrowing down our research to a particular era in history.

Images

‘Eongan (A letter from Hyojong to Princess Sookmyung -02)', 1623~1659, Center for

Korean Studies Documents.

This image, exclusively provided to us by the Center for Korean Studies, contains drafts

of King Hyojong writing to Princess Sookmyung, his niece. These letters were written in

Hangul, and we were able to use this as an example of how Hangul spread to higher

classes.

Hong-do, Kim. Seodang , www.museum.go.kr/files/upload/board/78/20101130165104.jpg.

This painting depicts young children learning to read and write in little schoolyards called

‘Seodangs’. By using this in our website, we were able to show what education was like

in early Joseon.

Hong-do, Kim. Jumak , www.museum.go.kr/files/upload/board/78/20101130165122.jpg.

In this painting, Kim portrays a picture of aristocrats throwing great parties in Joseon. We

were able to incorporate this into our project to show a little bit of the lives of aristocrats.

Hong-do Kim. Ssireum, kor eajoongangdaily.joins.com/jmnet/koreajoongangdaily/

_data/photo/2018/11/26203430.jpg.

This painting by the artist Kim Hong-Do, reflects the daily lives of Joseon citizens and

what they had done for fun. This painting was used in our website to create a better

understanding of the people’s lives back in the Joseon era.

"Jeongjo People Hangeul Pyeonjicheop", 1755~1798, National Hangeul Museum, https://www.hangeul.go.kr/museumCollection/museumCollectionPopup.do

This image is from the records of late King Jeongjo practicing Hangul as a child. We were able to use this in our website as an example of how Hangul was actually used in society. This was an online copy of the actual artifact they have in the National Hangeul Museum.

'Memoirs of Lady Hyegeong.', National Museum of Korean History.

This image contains the original copy of Lady Hyegeong’s memoirs, one of the first works to be written in Hangul by nobles and women. We used this in our project along

with a supporting quote explaining it as an example of how Hangul started to spread throughout the land.

Sejong Establishes Hangul Alphabet . 1446, ancienthistory.abc-clio.com/assets/mediaserver/

WorldHistoryAncient/6170/617056w.jpg.

This is a photo of the original decree by Sejong where Hangul was officially established. Through this, the news of this new invention of literature soon became popular among the citizens, and provided newest updates about it through the King’s decrees. By this, we were able to get a more clear understanding of the specific processes on how it was made accessible to the general public.

“Siege of Busanjin 1592”, 2017, KCP INTERNATIONAL https://kcp-wpengine.netdna-ssl.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/06/Busanjinsunjeold o.jpg

This painting was from the Joseon era, from the time of the first Japanese attack, known as the Imjin War, where the Joseon people lost their privilege to speak Hangul. We were able to use this in our website to visually express some obstacles that happened in the early years of Hangul’s creation.

'The Tale of Simcheong', National Museum of Korean History.

This picture of the original copy of the ‘Tale of Simcheong’ was provided to us by the National Museum of Korean history, where it is currently being displayed. The Tale of Simcheong was a piece of spoken literature by commoners, and was later transcribed into paper using Hangul. We were able to incorporate this in our website to show how commoners used Hangul.

“'Written Letters Amongst Aristocrats” http://www.heritage.go.kr/heri/cul/culSelectDetail.do?s_kdcd=&s_ctcd=31&ccbaKd cd=12&ccbaAsno=16320300&ccbaCtcd=31&ccbaCpno=1123116320300&ccbaLcto= 12&culPageNo=3&header=region&pageNo=2_1_1_1&returnUrl=%2Fheri%2Fcul

%2FculSelectRegionList.do&assetnamel=&pageNo=1_1_1_1

This image provides official records that Aristocrats wrote and sent to each other. In our website, we were able to clearly show the Aristocrats’ access to literature and communication through this image.

Documents Columbia University. Excerpts from the Sejong Sillok: Ch’oe Malli’s Opposition to the Korean. afe.easia.columbia.edu/ps/korea/alphabet_dissent.pdf.

This digital file is about a scholar named Ch’oe who was one of many who were in opposition to the creation of the Hangul language. It is in a letter form to Sejeong, about concerns he has about the new language being created. He relates strongly to China and their culture, expressing that only barbarians would cast out a language to make their own.

“Joseon Dynasty: Official Records” http://sillok.history.go.kr/, Joseon’s Dynasty Official Records. This website contained official records from each generation of the Joseon Dynasty, including details about the time period when Hangul was developed. Likewise, this source provided much information on the development of ’s language and why in the Joseon Dynasty. In use of the fact that this website’s sources were kept in its original state, we did not have to risk any misinterpretations of translation into other languages, which was in value that we learned everything the way it was supposed to be, with no misinterpretations.

Images

“Heung Cheonsa Bell and Water Clock at Deoksugung Palace in Seoul, Seoul, South Korea”, 2021, Ilya Genkin. http://www.genkin.or/gallery/korea/seoul/deoksugung-palace/kr-seoul-deoksugung-0 017.jpg

This image, taken directly at the Deoksugung Palace exhibition in South Korea, is of the Hueng Cheonsa Bell, a creation by King Sejong during the Joseon Era. We used this in our website as another example of the facilitated achievements by the King.

“Portable Hemisphere Sundial”, 2018, National Museum of Korea.

https://www.museum.go.kr/relic_image/PS01001001/ssu000/2019/0925121625765/70 0/ssu015157-000-90002.jpg

The Portable Hemisphere Sundial, now located in the National Museum of Korea, was also one of the facilitated inventions by King Sejong. We included this primary image provided by the museum in our page about King Sejong.

Reformers of the , 1894 https://postfiles.pstatic.net/20140207_135/obbvu3225_1391753408899j8Euq_JPEG/2 014-02-07_15%3B09%3B50.jpg?type=w2 This image depicts the reformers that were a part of the Gabo Reform movement during the late Joseon Era. This picture was incorporated into our page explaining about Late Joseon to provide a better understanding of this event.

Secondary Sources

Books

Choi, Hyungmi. “Donghak Rebellion: Commoners against Suryungs” Daekyo Publications,

15, April 2008.

Choi provides in this book detailed information about the mistreatment of commoners by the wealthy Suryungs, and how the Donghak Rebellion was finally formed. Although we did not include the information about Donghak Rebellion in our website, we used quotes from this book to demonstrate the mistreatment of commoners by wealthy aristocrats.

Deede, Sara Elizabeth, "Activism and Identity: How Korea's Independence Movement Shaped the Korean Immigrant Experience in America, 1905-1945" (2010). Dissertations and Theses. Paper 174. Deede explains in this book about Korea’s Independence movement that happened in the early 1905, when Korea finally tore apart from Japanese colonization. In our website, we were able to incorporate facts from this book onto our Long Term page for the independence movement.

Hawley, Samuel, The Imjin War, 2005 , The Royal Asiatic Society, Korea Branch/UC Berkeley Press. This book provides vivid information about the Imjin War, the first great attack of the Japanese to the Joseon empire. Through this book, we were able to obtain more information about this historical event and how Hangul had an impact on it, also putting that information into our website.

Kim, HyeWon. Hunminjeongeum. Seoul, South Korea: Yeowon Media, 2003 Although not a primary source, this book promotes the idea of how King Sejong, after seeing the citizens in conflict with the Chinese literature, their only alphabet at the time, had decided to make it more convenient for them to communicate through literature. This book demonstrated the creation of Hangul, how it was based solely on the pronunciation of each letter, finding a convenient way for every citizen to be able to read and write without having to learn another country’s language, also using this as a sign of independence from its darker past.

Kim, Jaehee. Sejong the Great: Language that fits Our Tongue. Seoul, South Korea, Yeowon Media, 2003. Kim tells about the creator of Hangul, Sejong the Great, and his goals in this book. Through this book, our group was able to find both primary and secondary quotes for reference in our website, and more information about the creator of Hangul and his ideas behind it.

Kim-Renaud, Young-Key. The Korean Alphabet. Honolulu: University of Hawai’i Press, 1997. This book contained a lot of information from its interesting collection of papers on the construction and development of Hangul. By this, the book was able to provide us with details on what Hangul means, and how it came to be considered to scholars as one of the greatest achievements in the writing system.

Kwon, Naehyun. From Novi to : The Long Journey, 1 September, 2014.

This book talks in detail about each of the classes in Joseon’s social system, all the way from Novis (slaves) to (Aristocrats). We were able to cite from this book and include in one of our pages to explain more about what the title of ‘Yangban’ meant.

Lee, Jiyoung. Hangeul . Academy of Korean Studies Press, 2013.

The book cited above provided information about Hangul’s creation, but mainly on its relationships with the other surrounding countries. Through this we were able to learn the relationship Hangul had with the Chinese literature, how they compared to be similar or different. Not only that, but it also helped us elaborate on the Korean-Japan war, where the Koreans stood up to fight against Japan for their right to use Hangul again.

Pae, Hye K. “Writing Systems, Reading Processes, and Cross-Linguistic Influences: Reflections from the Chinese, Japanese and Korean Languages.” Google Books,

John Benjamins Publishing Company, 15 July 2018, books.google.com/books?id=UTFhDwAAQBAJ.

This digital book provided in-depth information about the different strategies that went in when using Hangul, and the science that was behind the creation of this fascinating literature. Through this we were able to gain solid information about the story and the process that went behind the creation, that we did not know of before.

Park, HyeWon. “Hunminjeongeum: The Alphabet that Opened the Eyes of its Citizens” Daekyo Publications, 15 April 2008.

This book provided in depth information about the different ideas behind the creation of the Alphabet, its philosophy and integrated quotes from the Hunminjeongeum. We were able to use some quotes by King Sejong in the book as primary sources on our website.

Park, HyeWon. “Establishment of Joseon” Daekyo Publications, 15 April 2008.

This book contains information about the history of Early Joseon, how it was founded, and the background information on the economy of Joseon during King Sejong’s reign. We were able to incorporate this information in our website by using quotes from this source.

Yang, Jisook. “임진왜란은 조선이 이긴 전쟁이었다”, Garam Publishing, July 20, 2012.

Yang writes in this book about the Imjin War, and how the Koreans were at victory over this war. We were able to use this in our website by adding quotes from this book to provide an example for the readers of some events that had happened in the golden age of Korea.

Digital Files

Gokmen, M. Ertan. “THE AESTHETIC FEATURES OF KOREAN ALPHABETIC SYSTEM-HANGUL.” W eb , 23 July 2009,

dergiler.ankara.edu.tr/dergiler/27/762/9688.pdf.

This digital file provided in depth explanation to each of the consonants, vowels, as well as the structural processes of each letter. Written by a World Language professor, it focuses more on the impact that Hangul had on the citizens and its diverse characters, as well as its meanings. It summarizes the simplicity and effectiveness Hangul would have in educating the illiterate and helping disseminate information to all levels of people by use of another written system.

Images

“Rain Gauge Pedestal of Gwansanggam”, 2006, Cultural Heritage Administration

http://www.cha.go.kr/unisearch/images/treasure/1614073.jpg

This is a recent image of the Rain Gauge Pedestal, located in Gwansanggam, South Korea. The Rain Gauge Pedestal was one of Sejong’s creations during his reign, along with Hangul. We were able to incorporate this in our website as an example of other creations by King Sejong.

Rao, Mythili G. Can a Big Government Push Bring the Nobel Prize in Literature to South Korea?, 2016, media.newyorker.com/photos/590973ceebe912338a3776b1/master/pass/Rao-Govern ment-Push-Nobel-Prize-Literature-South-Korea1.jpg.

This digital photo is of the King Sejong statue that has been constructed in the heart of South Korea’s capital city, Seoul. We were able to use this in our website in the ‘impact’ section, because it demonstrates how much respect King Sejong had earned as an impact for the creation of Hangul. This photo explained how huge Sejong’s achievements were, and through this picture, we are able to explain in our project how his creation, Hangul, is carried as a legacy to this day.

Interviews

Interview with Eunhae Cho, historic researcher in the Korean Studies Institute, South Korea. https://docs.google.com/document/d/1xcE3_1_2yal5j9AIM3nR-PpXhrcLPGihb6CD nAhJgPU/edit?usp=sharing.

The interview we conducted with Mrs. Cho provided more solid information about the creation of Hangul, the significant importance, and highlighted different perspectives on Hangul’s creation. We were able to use the information from the interview to strengthen our knowledge of Hangul’s impact, and quote her perspective several times on our website for reference.

Online Database

“The Background of the Invention of Hangeul.” The National Academy of the . Jan. 2008. 20 July 2009 .

This source was a very informative database that informed us on all the basics and the ways of Hangul. In this I was able to gain information about the different ways Hangul is celebrated now in Korea, in order for us to help know more about the importance of this great invention.

Heilbrunn Timeline of Art History. “Korea, 1400–1600 A.D.” Metmuseum.org , 2017, www.metmuseum.org/toah/ht/08/eak.html.

This website contained reliable data in which related to the 1400s to 1500s, which was the period that Hangul was invented in. They had also included a timeline with files of the ancient items from back then. With this, we were able to gain more information and overview of what life was back then as a citizen of Korea.

Websites

“About Hangul: Principles of Hangul.” NA TIONAL HANGEUL MUSEUM, 2018, www.hangeul.go.kr/lang/en/html/education/Hangeul.do.

This website provided valuable information about the philosophies behind Hangul, and why it was considered such a brilliant achievement. Not only that, but the museum website kept many digital displays of items and explanations relating to hangul, or the time period it was made in. We were able to incorporate this in our project to learn more about the process and perspective behind the creation of this language.

Asia Society. “King Sejong the Great.” Asia Society, 2020, asiasociety.org/education/king-sejong-great.

This website provided insight in which according to the historical documents, it provides realistic information on King Sejong’s governing system, and more background information about Korea back then. We could see the different ideas that contributed to the creation of Hangul, and could more clearly see Hangul’s effects in effect. This was used in our project to figure out the short term effects Hangul had on the culture and tradition of Korea back then.

Aw, Gene. “King Sejong: The Inventor of Hangul and More!” Go! Go! Hanguk, 22 Aug. 2019, gogohanguk.com/en/blog/king-sejong-hangul/. This site depicts the struggles of Korean inhabitants before the creation of Hangul. Prior to the introduction of Hangul, Koreans used Chinese characters but with their difficulty level, only the wealthy who could afford education were literate. Although many scholars and the King’s advisers were opposed to the idea of a new writing system, King Sejong still instituted Hangul and many illiterate lower class citizens became literate.

Pettit, Carl. “The Revolutionary Brilliance of the Korean Alphabet.” OZY, 23 Jan. 2018, www.ozy.com/true-and-stories/the-revolutionary-brilliance-of-the-korean-alphabet/ 66307/.

This article focused on the long term impacts Hangul had on both South and . Through this website, we were able to obtain valuable facts on how Hangul was officialized and how it is impacting the daily lives of people today.

Cha, Myung. “The Economic History of Korea”. EH.Net Encyclopedia,. March 16, 2008. http://eh.net/encyclopedia/the-economic-history-of-korea/. Containing detailed information on the economic history of Korea during the Joseon Era, this article also showed the growth of Korea along with it. This source was used in our website to accurately represent the economic situation of the country during the time period Hangul was created.

China (Taiwan), Republic of Ministry of Foreign Affairs.

“https://Taiwantoday.Tw/News.Php?Unit=&post=.” Taiwan Today, 1 Feb. 1969,

taiwantoday.tw/news.php?unit=20

This article was an example of how Hangul’s had also influenced the creation of other languages, its relation to them, and how Hangul is seen worldwide. We were able to use this to get a better understanding of Hangul’s role in Korea’s relationship with other countries.

“Hangul.” Encyclopædia Britannica , Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc., 23 Sept. 2020, www.britannica.com/topic/Hangul-Korean-alphabet.

This informational website kept the records of the original characters involved in Hangul, with primary images from what it had looked like at first. Through this we gained more information on the shapes of the original characters of Hangul, what it meant and the creation behind each one of them.

Hoh, Anchi. “‘Oryun Haengsilto’: A Guide to Confucian Values from Korea's Choson Dynasty (1392-1910).” "Oryun Haengsilto": A Guide to Confucian Values from Korea's Choson Dynasty (1392-1910) | 4 Corners of the World: International

Collections and Studies at the Library of Congress, 18 Oct. 2018, blogs.loc.gov/international-collections/2018/10/oryun-haengsilto-a-guide-to-confucia n-values-from--choson-dynasty-1392-1910/.

This article, powered by the Library of Congress provided information about the Confucian ideologies, and provided images of the official document, which was written in both Hangul and . We were able to strengthen our knowledge and use the images as an example of how Hangul started to also be used in official documents as time went by.

“Illustrated Guide to Norms and Principles.” Illustrated Guide 1, 2018, people.fas.harvard.edu/~fc80/culturemap/chosonsociety/illustrated1.html.

This online site provided images and information on the Confucianist ideas in the Joseon era. This information helped us learn more on the ideas the empire was governed based on, and the images shown in the site were used to provide examples of official documents on our website.

“Joseon Dynasty.” Joseon Dynasty - New World Encyclopedia, New World Encyclopedia, 2018, www.newworldencyclopedia.org/entry/Joseon_Dynasty.

This web article provided very detailed information about the time period where Sejong ruled, as well as a peek into the commoners vs. noble classes’ daily lives. This source helped us a lot in finding out more background information about Early Joseon, helping set the stage for the creation of Hangul.

“Korea, 1600-1800 A.D” In Heilbrunn Timeline of Art History. New York: The Metropolitan Museum of Art 2000,https://www.metmuseum.org/toah/ht/09/eak.html

“Korea under Japanese Rule.” Encyclopædia Britannica, Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc., www.britannica.com/place/Korea/Korea-under-Japanese-rule.

This website provided by Britannica explains in detail about the Korean-Japanese war when Japan took all authority over the empire of Korea. In this event, the citizens of Korea started to stand up and protest against the Japanese government as they were robbed of their own literature, being forced to practice Japanese culture.

Kim, Chihon. “Hangul, a Democratic Alphabet Created for Korean Commoner.” Stripes Korea, 26 Oct. 2020, korea.stripes.com/community-news/hangul-democratic-alphabet-created-korean-co mmoner.

This website article is an overview of some of the impacts Hangul had on Korea, as well as some basic information about King Sejong. This also included some perspective from the wealthy nobles, or the people that were against the creation of Hangul. We were able to incorporate this in our project as a quote from another perspective on this topic.

“King Sejong the Great.” Asia Society, asiasociety.org/education/king-sejong-great. This source is a brief record of the life of Sejong the Great, known to be one of the most prominent kings of Korea in the entity of history. Sejong ruled during the Choson Kingdom with his accomplishments that are still impacting Korea to this day. One of his greatest feats includes Hangul, the language of Korea that was established and taught by him to his people. Lee, Chris. “Chinese Characters (Hanzi) = Japanese Kanji = Korean Hanja?” Medium, 6 June 2017,medium.com/story-of-eggbun-education/chinese-characters-hanzi-japanese-ka nji-korean-hanja-bdd1cb6f5deb. Accessed 4 Dec. 2020.

This source compares hanja from hanzi and kanji. Hanzi is Chinese, hanja is the Korean adoption, and kanji is the Japanese adoption. Although they are very similar, many words have different pronunciations of meaning. Both kanji and hanja were based on hanzi and many Hangul words and origins are built on Hanja.

Lee, Kwangrin. “Korea under Japanese Rule.” Encyclopædia Britannica, Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc., 2021, www.britannica.com/place/Korea/Korea-under-Japanese-rule.

This Britannica article provided information about Korea when it was under the Japanese rule. The article was able to give more information about the group that stood against Japanese in an attempt to keep their right to speak hangul, as well as the Korean government’s plans during this invasion.

Lee, Soyoung. “Art of the Korean Renaissance, 1400–1600.” Metmuseum.org , 2010, www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/kore/hd_kore.htm.

This article is a part of the MET Museum displays, showing different artifacts from the time period of 1400-1600 in Korea, as well as explanations of the Joseon era. This source served a great purpose in understanding the different philosophies and cultural aspects from that time.

McBeath, Carter. "Early Korea." World History: Ancient and Medieval Eras, ABC-CLIO, 2020, ancienthistory.abc-clio.com/Topics/Display/1185670?cid=41&sid=1185670. Accessed 22 Oct. 2020.

This source provided more background information on Early Korea, during the time period in which Hangul was invented. We were able to see in depth the situations of commoners living there, the economical struggles, as well as political hierarchies. This contributed to our project in Hangul’s impacts, because by being able to see the commoners daily lives in Korea and the political hierarchies based on literature, we were able to clear up our understanding of how Hangul impacted daily lives.

“Memory of the World: Cultural Heritage Administration.” Memory of the World | Cultural Heritage Administration , 2006, english.cha.go.kr/cop/bbs/selectBoardArticle.do?ctgryLrcls=CTGRY168&nttId=579

77&bbsId=BBSMSTR_1205&mn=EN_03_03.

This article provides more information upon the traditional hunminjeongeum manuscript, the official development of a writing system suitable for representing Korea. Although the history of Hunminjeongeum, unlike Hangul, the official language, had just recently been found,this article was able to provide historical explanations on this book containing the explanation of these letters in Hangul, as well as images of the original copy, published back in 1446.

Michelle, Lee, and Hallen Cynthia. “The Language.” The History of Korean Language, The Overview, 1999, linguistics.byu.edu/classes/Ling450ch/reports/Korean3.html. Rather than focusing more on the creator, this website fixes more on the importance of Hangul in its creation, and how it evolved over time. This source is a compiled piece of information on the history of the language acting in the country’s culture.

MinJun Park, “Sejong the Great.” KoreaInspires.com , 2 Sept. 2019, koreainspires.com/index.php/history/80-sejong-the-great.

This website provided information about the reign of Sejong and the , as well as other factors leading up to the creation of Hangul. We used this source in our website as one of the bases for the creation and Sejong’s vision research.

National Institute of Korean History. “Late Joseon.” 우리역사넷 , 1993, contents.history.go.kr/front/nh/view.do?levelId=nh_035_0010.

This compilation of resources by the National Institute of Korean History thoroughly analyzes Joseon during the time period from 16th to 19th century, right before the Independence Movement. We were able to incorporate this into our project to help the

audience gain background knowledge about the 400 year time gap in our project.

National Institute of Korean History. “(3) 개항 이후의 사회적 변화 .” 우리역사넷 , contents.history.go.kr/front/ta/print.do?levelId=ta_h52_0040_0030_0030&whereStr=.

This document provides specific information about reforms that happened during the late stages of Joseon, when the government was in economic devastation. We were able to include information from this source as quotes to support our analysis, and gain more information about this period.

Rey, Sylvain. “Quotes from King Sejong the Great.” Quotes from King Sejong the Great – ELLOPOS BLOG, 2020, www.ellopos.com/blog/3114/quotes-from-king-sejong-the-great/.

This website provided quotes from King Sejong (the creator of Hangul). It was significantly important in its article that contained many quotes King Sejong had said before in the past regarding not just literature, but one’s morals. We were able to use this to understand his thoughts more clearly as he created Hangul, and his purpose for his actions.

Service (KOCIS), Korean Culture and Information. “What Korea’s Chinese Characters Mean to Modern Koreans : Korea.net : The Official Website of the Republic of Korea.” Www.Korea.net, www.korea.net/NewsFocus/Column/view?articleId=145751.

This website shows the impact of Hanja, basically the Chinese language’s on Hangul and Korea as a whole. Hanja was the language Koreans used, which was made up of Chinese terms that were tweaked to fit the Koreans before the origin of Hangul. This helped us

gain more context for Hangul’s creation.

Southern, Don. “The Digitization of Hangul and Its Effect on South Korea’s Economic Success.” Branding in Asia Magazine, 13 Oct. 2020, www.brandinginasia.com/the-digitization-of-hangul-the-native-korean-language-scr ipt/. Accessed 4 Dec. 2020. This article shows the impact of Hangul in Korea’s economic success. We were able to use this in our research for Hangul’s economic impact, getting a better understanding of how Hangul really helped with Korea’s economical advancement.

“The Background of the Invention of Hangul.” The National Academy of the Korean Language. Jan. 2008. 20 July 2009 http://www.korean.go.kr/eng_hangeul/setting/002.html. This website had a helpful brief overview of the whole process of Hangul and the point of it. Like a summary, this website, although some specific details were left out, provided a great overview of the key points in this event in history. Through this source we were able to organize the main events in creating this, the main processes that took place, as well as the reason being to why Hangul was created, and how it impacted others.

Wang, Aiping, et al. “Cross-Language Parafoveal Semantic Processing: Evidence from Korean–Chinese Bilinguals.” Psychonomic Bulletin & Review, vol. 23, no. 1, 30 June 2015, pp. 285–290, 10.3758/s13423-015-0876-6. Accessed 4 Jan. 2020. This online version of the book provided insight to the similarities and differences of Hangul and the Chinese language. Having been used with evidence from Korean-Chinese Bilinguals, it provided a much more credible understanding of how King Sejong had created the Hangul based on the Chinese language, which they were previously using. We were able to use this to see what inspirations went into the making of Hangul, and how it contrasts with other languages.

Weathers, Lori. "Central and East Asia, 500–1500 CE." World History: Ancient and Medieval Eras , ABC-CLIO, 2020, ancienthistory.abc-clio.com/Search/Display/588490. Accessed 22 Oct. 2020.

This is a timeline of important things that have occurred in Central and East Asia. It was in 668 CE that Korea unified and it was not until 1443 Sejong had created Hangul. The heavy impacts of China and Japan could be spotted, which helped with our research in Korea’s relationship with neighboring powerhouse countries, leading us to wonder how Hangul would’ve impacted it.

Webmaster, et al. “King Sejong and Unificationism.” Applied Unificationism, 3 May 2016, appliedunificationism.com/2016/05/04/king-sejong-and-unificationism/.

This source was focused around the mindset Sejong had for the country, his emotions and thoughts put in. This helped us gain more information about why Sejong wanted to create Hangul and connect more with his people.

서울디자인재단 . 서울디자인재단, 2016, www.seouldesign.or.kr/board/58/post/101371/detail?menuId=107.

This section in the Seoul Design Corporation website provided information about Hunminjeongeum, as well as included images about the displays held in one of their exhibitions. Through this website, we were able to clarify our knowledge about the first draft of Hangul, Hunminjeongeum.

Videos

Arirang News, ‘On , PM says Korean language can make S.Korea a leading Nation.’ October 9, 2020, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Latpq8iD5Gk

This documentary shares information about the long term impacts of Hangul on the Korean Nation, and how it is still being celebrated to this day. Through this video, we were able to provide our audience with engaging, translated content about how Hangul is recognized in modern day Korea.

Hoa Do, Minh. “History of Korea: Every Year.” YouTube , YouTube, 26 July 2019, www.youtube.com/watch?v=0H3aqJ6w-aE.

This short clip briefly examines the geographical changes of Joseon and its time period of Kings that rose to throne. We were able to include this in our Early Joseon page of our website, where our audience was able to gain knowledge about the time period in which Hangul was created.

“National Day of Hangul Special Film.” \ , MBC, 2012, www.youtube.com/watch?v=WGOz08olRUg.

This film was designed exclusively for a special broadcast all over South Korea in celebration of its National Day of Hangul, covering records that were kept when King Sejong was inventing Hangul. Our group was able to use this to our advantage to get a brief overview of how Hangul was made, especially its process and people that worked together to make it work. For this was based on realistic evidence and provided accurate information on what was officially recorded, we were able to trust this information and do more research with this idea as the main frame.

NativLang. “How Korea crafted a better alphabet- History of Writing Systems #11 (Featural Alphabet.” Y outube, Youtube, 23 Oct. 2015, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=j9hzK0K1L4I. This documentary covers the development of the Korean alphabet, how it was made to fit the Korean pronunciation alongside the Chinese characters. King Sejong, with the idea that the Chinese characters were useful only up to a certain point, wanted to craft a better

understanding of literature for all of his citizens, not just the ones who could afford it. The Korean alphabet was much convenient for the citizens to understand, for it was based on the pronunciation of each letter, and many more were able to benefit from this, many of whom were illiterate.

TheKoreaFoundation. “Window on Korean Culture - 2 King Sejong the Great.” YouTube , YouTube, 24 Oct. 2013, www.youtube.com/watch?v=30poi5EUNDw.

This film, put together by the Korea Foundation, provided information about King Sejong and Joseon under his rule. As it also provided many historical paintings of citizens from that time, we were able to also incorporate those resources into our project. Through this film, we got to know better about the different achievements of King Sejong and their impacts on the country.