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Annotated Bibliography Primary Sources Annotated Bibliography Primary Sources Books Sejong The Great, Hunminjeongeum . Joseoneohakhoe, 1946. Although we were only able to access it as an online database, this is the original document of the hunminjeongeum, the first book containing Hangul, written directly by King Sejong The Great. Through this we were able to see the first version of Hangul and how it looked like in the beginning of its creation, in comparison to what we use in the modern day. Journal Joseon Dynasty, The Joseonwangjo Sillok (The Annals of the Joseon Dynasty), Sejong vol.113, Seoul, 1444. Containing the official record of the Joseon dynasty during the time period in which Hangul was being invented, this source helped us understand more about what was going on in the Joseon empire during those times. By being able to access the official records during the time in Joseon’s changing culture, it was a significant source of information, narrowing down our research to a particular era in history. Images ‘Eongan (A letter from Hyojong to Princess Sookmyung -02)', 1623~1659, Center for Korean Studies Documents. This image, exclusively provided to us by the Center for Korean Studies, contains drafts of King Hyojong writing to Princess Sookmyung, his niece. These letters were written in Hangul, and we were able to use this as an example of how Hangul spread to higher classes. Hong-do, Kim. Seodang, www.museum.go.kr/files/upload/board/78/20101130165104.jpg. This painting depicts young children learning to read and write in little schoolyards called ‘Seodangs’. By using this in our website, we were able to show what education was like in early Joseon. Hong-do, Kim. Jumak , www.museum.go.kr/files/upload/board/78/20101130165122.jpg. In this painting, Kim portrays a picture of aristocrats throwing great parties in Joseon. We were able to incorporate this into our project to show a little bit of the lives of aristocrats. Hong-do Kim. Ssireum, kor eajoongangdaily.joins.com/jmnet/koreajoongangdaily/ _data/photo/2018/11/26203430.jpg. This painting by the artist Kim Hong-Do, reflects the daily lives of Joseon citizens and what they had done for fun. This painting was used in our website to create a better understanding of the people’s lives back in the Joseon era. "Jeongjo People Hangeul Pyeonjicheop", 1755~1798, National Hangeul Museum, https://www.hangeul.go.kr/museumCollection/museumCollectionPopup.do This image is from the records of late King Jeongjo practicing Hangul as a child. We were able to use this in our website as an example of how Hangul was actually used in society. This was an online copy of the actual artifact they have in the National Hangeul Museum. 'Memoirs of Lady Hyegeong.', National Museum of Korean History. This image contains the original copy of Lady Hyegeong’s memoirs, one of the first works to be written in Hangul by nobles and women. We used this in our project along with a supporting quote explaining it as an example of how Hangul started to spread throughout the land. Sejong Establishes Hangul Alphabet . 1446, ancienthistory.abc-clio.com/assets/mediaserver/ WorldHistoryAncient/6170/617056w.jpg. This is a photo of the original decree by Sejong where Hangul was officially established. Through this, the news of this new invention of literature soon became popular among the citizens, and provided newest updates about it through the King’s decrees. By this, we were able to get a more clear understanding of the specific processes on how it was made accessible to the general public. “Siege of Busanjin 1592”, 2017, KCP INTERNATIONAL https://kcp-wpengine.netdna-ssl.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/06/Busanjinsunjeold o.jpg This painting was from the Joseon era, from the time of the first Japanese attack, known as the Imjin War, where the Joseon people lost their privilege to speak Hangul. We were able to use this in our website to visually express some obstacles that happened in the early years of Hangul’s creation. 'The Tale of Simcheong', National Museum of Korean History. This picture of the original copy of the ‘Tale of Simcheong’ was provided to us by the National Museum of Korean history, where it is currently being displayed. The Tale of Simcheong was a piece of spoken literature by commoners, and was later transcribed into paper using Hangul. We were able to incorporate this in our website to show how commoners used Hangul. “'Written Letters Amongst Aristocrats” http://www.heritage.go.kr/heri/cul/culSelectDetail.do?s_kdcd=&s_ctcd=31&ccbaKd cd=12&ccbaAsno=16320300&ccbaCtcd=31&ccbaCpno=1123116320300&ccbaLcto= 12&culPageNo=3&header=region&pageNo=2_1_1_1&returnUrl=%2Fheri%2Fcul %2FculSelectRegionList.do&assetnamel=&pageNo=1_1_1_1 This image provides official records that Aristocrats wrote and sent to each other. In our website, we were able to clearly show the Aristocrats’ access to literature and communication through this image. Documents Columbia University. Excerpts from the Sejong Sillok: Ch’oe Malli’s Opposition to the Korean . afe.easia.columbia.edu/ps/korea/alphabet_dissent.pdf. This digital file is about a scholar named Ch’oe who was one of many who were in opposition to the creation of the Hangul language. It is in a letter form to Sejeong, about concerns he has about the new language being created. He relates strongly to China and their culture, expressing that only barbarians would cast out a language to make their own. “Joseon Dynasty: Official Records” http://sillok.history.go.kr/, Joseon’s Dynasty Official Records. This website contained official records from each generation of the Joseon Dynasty, including details about the time period when Hangul was developed. Likewise, this source provided much information on the development of Korea’s language and why in the Joseon Dynasty. In use of the fact that this website’s sources were kept in its original state, we did not have to risk any misinterpretations of translation into other languages, which was in value that we learned everything the way it was supposed to be, with no misinterpretations. Images “Heung Cheonsa Bell and Water Clock at Deoksugung Palace in Seoul, South Korea Seoul, South Korea”, 2021, Ilya Genkin. http://www.genkin.or/gallery/korea/seoul/deoksugung-palace/kr-seoul-deoksugung-0 017.jpg This image, taken directly at the Deoksugung Palace exhibition in South Korea, is of the Hueng Cheonsa Bell, a creation by King Sejong during the Joseon Era. We used this in our website as another example of the facilitated achievements by the King. “Portable Hemisphere Sundial”, 2018, National Museum of Korea. https://www.museum.go.kr/relic_image/PS01001001/ssu000/2019/0925121625765/70 0/ssu015157-000-90002.jpg The Portable Hemisphere Sundial, now located in the National Museum of Korea, was also one of the facilitated inventions by King Sejong. We included this primary image provided by the museum in our page about King Sejong. Reformers of the Gabo Reform, 1894 https://postfiles.pstatic.net/20140207_135/obbvu3225_1391753408899j8Euq_JPEG/2 014-02-07_15%3B09%3B50.jpg?type=w2 This image depicts the reformers that were a part of the Gabo Reform movement during the late Joseon Era. This picture was incorporated into our page explaining about Late Joseon to provide a better understanding of this event. Secondary Sources Books Choi, Hyungmi. “Donghak Rebellion: Commoners against Suryungs” Daekyo Publications, 15, April 2008. Choi provides in this book detailed information about the mistreatment of commoners by the wealthy Suryungs, and how the Donghak Rebellion was finally formed. Although we did not include the information about Donghak Rebellion in our website, we used quotes from this book to demonstrate the mistreatment of commoners by wealthy aristocrats. Deede, Sara Elizabeth, "Activism and Identity: How Korea's Independence Movement Shaped the Korean Immigrant Experience in America, 1905-1945" (2010). Dissertations and Theses. Paper 174. Deede explains in this book about Korea’s Independence movement that happened in the early 1905, when Korea finally tore apart from Japanese colonization. In our website, we were able to incorporate facts from this book onto our Long Term page for the independence movement. Hawley, Samuel, The Imjin War , 2005 , The Royal Asiatic Society, Korea Branch/UC Berkeley Press. This book provides vivid information about the Imjin War, the first great attack of the Japanese to the Joseon empire. Through this book, we were able to obtain more information about this historical event and how Hangul had an impact on it, also putting that information into our website. Kim, HyeWon. Hunminjeongeum. Seoul, South Korea: Yeowon Media, 2003 Although not a primary source, this book promotes the idea of how King Sejong, after seeing the citizens in conflict with the Chinese literature, their only alphabet at the time, had decided to make it more convenient for them to communicate through literature. This book demonstrated the creation of Hangul, how it was based solely on the pronunciation of each letter, finding a convenient way for every citizen to be able to read and write without having to learn another country’s language, also using this as a sign of independence from its darker past. Kim, Jaehee. Sejong the Great: Language that fits Our Tongue. Seoul, South Korea, Yeowon Media, 2003. Kim tells about the creator of Hangul, Sejong the Great, and his goals in this book. Through this book, our group was able to find both primary and secondary quotes for reference in our website, and more information about the creator of Hangul and his ideas behind it. Kim-Renaud, Young-Key. The Korean Alphabet. Honolulu: University of Hawai’i Press, 1997. This book contained a lot of information from its interesting collection of papers on the construction and development of Hangul.
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