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Wikis : Quel Outil Pour Wikis : quel outil pour quel usage ? – Sensibilisation générale sur les wikis, par Wiki Valley 26 septembre 2017 – CNES, Toulouse Nicolas NALLET ● Consultant MediaWiki et Semantic MediaWiki. ● CoCréateur du wiki domotiki.eu en 2010 ● Fondateur de l'entreprise Sémantiki en 2012 puis de Wiki-Valley.com en 2016 avec Sébastien Beyou 26 septembre 2017 Licence CC BY-NC-SA 4.0 Wiki Valley (hors images) 2 Sébastien BEYOU ● Wikipédien depuis 2005 ● Wikimédien, notamment dans Wikimédia France ● Doctorat de maths soutenu en 2013 ● Intéressé par les communs, le partage, la ● Consultant open source et collaboration MediaWiki depuis 2014 ● Cofondateur de Wiki Valley en 2016 26 septembre 2017 Licence CC BY-NC-SA 4.0 Wiki Valley (hors images) 3 Les prestations de Wiki Valley relatives à MediaWiki ● Installation et mise à jour de MediaWiki et ses extensions ● Adaptation à votre environnement de travail, votre entreprise, votre projet, vos métiers ● Support utilisateur, administrateur, maintenance technique et monitoring ● Import de vos connaissances actuelles depuis vos fichiers bureautiques, d'autres types de wikis Dokuwiki, ou SharePoint et de vos données structurées ● Formations à l'utilisation, l'édition, l'administration l'installation et la création de l'architecture sémantique d'un wiki ● Optimisation des performances ● Développement de nouvelles extensions fonctionnalités et scripts sur- mesure 26 septembre 2017 Licence CC BY-NC-SA 4.0 Wiki Valley (hors images) 4 Philosophie du wiki Historique : ● 1995, Ward Cunningham ● 2001, Wikipédia Buts : ● Écrire collaborativement ● Partager l’information 26 septembre 2017 Licence CC BY-NC-SA 4.0 Wiki Valley (hors images) 5 Moteurs de wiki Nombre : au moins 332[1][2] ● Petits wikis : GitHub, Gitlab… ● Originels : WikiWikiWeb, ● Micro-wikis : UseModWiki TiddlyWiki… ● Généralistes : ● Autres : MediaWiki, DokuWiki, WikiSh, GollumWiki, MoinMoin, TikiWiki… EmacsWikiMode, VimKi, Sputnik, TinyWiki, ● Wikis d’entreprise : TracWiki… XWiki, Confluence… 26 septembre 2017 Licence CC BY-NC-SA 4.0 Wiki Valley (hors images) 6 Usages principaux (1) ● construction collaborative d’une base de connaissances textuelle – documentation : ● encyclopédie généraliste : Wikipédia, Vikidia, Citizendium… ● encyclopédies spécialisées (fans, communautés, wikis territoriaux, etc.) : Wookieepedia, Ekopedia, Wiki-Brest, ProofWiki, Wikifab… ● documentation d’un logiciel : LibreOffice, mediawiki.org… ● procédures : µF WMFR, wikis internes… 26 septembre 2017 Licence CC BY-NC-SA 4.0 Wiki Valley (hors images) 7 Usages principaux (2) ● construction collaborative de bases de données structurées ou semi-structurées : ● Web sémantique : Wikidata, Semantic MediaWiki ● classification de procédures ou plus généralement des articles ● autres classifications multi-critères : gestion de monuments, bibliographies, conférences… 26 septembre 2017 Licence CC BY-NC-SA 4.0 Wiki Valley (hors images) 8 Usages principaux (3) ● autres tâches collaboratives : ● Relecture de livres numérisés : Wikisource ● Articles journalistiques : Wikinews ● Mémoire collective : Nuit Debout, LesCommuns… ● Mathématiques massivement collaboratives : Polymath 26 septembre 2017 Licence CC BY-NC-SA 4.0 Wiki Valley (hors images) 9 Logiciels alternatifs Les moteurs de wikis peuvent partager des fonctionnalités provenant d’autres logiciels et réciproquement : ● GED (Gestion Électronique de Documents) ● Collaboration temps réel ● Email et newsgroups ● Forums ● FAQ type StackExchange/Quora ● CMS et cadriciels/frameworks 26 septembre 2017 Licence CC BY-NC-SA 4.0 Wiki Valley (hors images) 10 Communauté et vie d’un wiki ● Les wikis ont tendance à s’auto-organiser, do- ocraty relativement répandue : philosophie pleinement embrassée du Web 2.0 ● À partir d’une certaine taille, il devient nécessaire de mettre en place des règles internes : politique éditoriale, savoir-vivre, power users… ● Partage des tâches selon les envies, les savoir- faire, éventuellement selon un ordre hiérarchique[1] 26 septembre 2017 Licence CC BY-NC-SA 4.0 Wiki Valley (hors images) 11 Bénéfices tirés de l'usage des wikis en milieu professionel ● Diminuer la masse des emails échangés entre collègues ● Passer des documents bureautiques (source de doublons) aux articles du wiki sur une plateforme unique accessible à distance ● Mise en cohérence pour détecter les informations manquantes, contradictoires ou obsolètes. 26 septembre 2017 Licence CC BY-NC-SA 4.0 Wiki Valley (hors images) 12 Les bonnes pratiques d'édition d'un wiki ● Afficher les informations les plus récentes en haut de page ● Les modifications doivent être résumées avant enregistrement SURTOUT si une partie a été supprimée, cela permettra de retrouver l'information plus facilement. ● Supprimer les informations obsolètes des pages, elles pourront toujours être retrouvées en parcourant l'historique de la page ● Débattre du fond et de la forme sur les pages de discussion rattachées puis inscrire le résultat des débats sur la page de contenu, ● Des discussions très courtes et temporaires peuvent néanmoins se faire directement sur la page de contenu. Elles peuvent être signées grâce aux initiales de l'utilisateur ● Le champ "Tags" doit reprendre les mots clés présents dans les différents entêtes de section de la page 26 septembre 2017 Licence CC BY-NC-SA 4.0 Wiki Valley (hors images) 13 Que signifient wiki, MediaWiki, Semantic MediaWiki, Wikimedia, Wikipédia? ● Un wiki est un site internet qui dispose d'une fonctionnalité collaborative, permettant au plus grand nombre de l'enrichir même avec une connaissance limitée en informatique. ● MediaWiki, est un logiciel (ou moteur wiki) qui s'installe sur un serveur et permet de créer un wiki. Il dispose de milliers d'extensions. ● Semantic MediaWiki est une extension (majeure) de MediaWiki utilisée par de plus en plus de wikis. ● Wikipédia est un wiki fonctionnant avec MediaWiki. Wikipédia est dans le top 10 des sites internet les plus visités au monde. ● Wikimedia est une fondation gérant plusieurs wikis fonctionnant avec MediaWiki dont Wikipédia. ● Les termes wikitexte, wikicode, wiki markup représentent tous la syntaxe mediawiki utilisée pour modifier les wikis fonctionnant avec MediaWiki 26 septembre 2017 Licence CC BY-NC-SA 4.0 Wiki Valley (hors images) 14 Présentation de MediaWiki MediaWiki (MW) est un logiciel wiki open source, libre et gratuit, maintenu par des centaines de bénévoles mais aussi par des salariés de la fondation Wikimedia (propriétaire de Wikipédia). Sa 1ère version date de 2002, il bénéficie d’une mise à jour majeure tous les 6 mois. Il est utilisé aussi par de nombreux projets web librement accessibles… …ainsi qu'en interne par des entreprises ou organisations comme l’OTAN, la NASA, Intel, VistaPrint, Johnson and Johnson… 26 septembre 2017 Licence CC BY-NC-SA 4.0 Wiki Valley (hors images) 15 Principaux atouts et fonctionnalités Atouts ● Multi-utilisateurs ● Multi-plateformes (accessible depuis n’importe quel appareil connecté indépendamment du système d’exploitation) ● Interface multilingue Fonctionnalités ● Gestion fine des droits d’édition ● Gestion des fichiers et de leurs différentes versions ● Affichage direct des fichiers pdf et images au sein des pages du wiki ● Versionnement : affichage des différences entre deux versions d'un article ● Affichage responsif ou format mobile pour les écrans de petite taille 26 septembre 2017 Licence CC BY-NC-SA 4.0 Wiki Valley (hors images) 16 Les ressources sur MediaWiki Son site internet dédié : ● https://www.mediawiki.org (en) ● https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/MediaWiki/fr (fr) Bibliographie (non exhaustive) ● MediaWiki efficace par Daniel Barrett paru en 2009 (fr) ● Working with MediaWiki by Yaron Koren paru en 2012 (en), réédité en 2014 et en 2017 26 septembre 2017 Licence CC BY-NC-SA 4.0 Wiki Valley (hors images) 17 Les pages tableaux de bord Pages les plus consultées, Nombre d'utilisateurs par catégorie, Nombre de fichiers importés, Nombre total de pages, Nombre de pages de contenu (appartenant à l'espace de nom principal et qui possède au moins un lien) Les journaux d'opérations : ● ... de création d'utilisateur ● ... d'import de fichier ● ... de protection de pages ● ... de renommage de pages ● ... de suppression de pages 26 septembre 2017 Licence CC BY-NC-SA 4.0 Wiki Valley (hors images) 18 Gestion des versions Pour chaque modification effectuée sur une page vous pouvez voir la différence avec n'importe quelle autre version 26 septembre 2017 Licence CC BY-NC-SA 4.0 Wiki Valley (hors images) 19 Comparaison de 2 versions 26 septembre 2017 Licence CC BY-NC-SA 4.0 Wiki Valley (hors images) 20 Notifications Chaque utilisateur peut avoir sa propre "Liste de suivi" Notification par email ou sur le wiki lorsqu'une page suivie est modifiée Ou n'importe quelle page est modifiée ou créée (pour les administrateurs) 26 septembre 2017 Licence CC BY-NC-SA 4.0 Wiki Valley (hors images) 21 Patrouille Il est possible de surveiller 3 types de contributions : ● Les éditions, ● Les nouvelles pages, ● Les nouveaux fichiers en les marquant comme relu. Mettre en place une politique de validation des modifications Afficher que la dernière version approuvée par un administrateur ou toute personne autorisée en affichant : ● Soit une page blanche pour les pages sans version approuvée ● Soit une mention en haut de page indiquant qu'il existe une version plus récente mais non approuvée 26 septembre 2017 Licence CC BY-NC-SA 4.0 Wiki Valley (hors images) 22 Multimedia MediaWiki permet d'afficher au sein de n'importe quelle page ● une image distante ou téléversée
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