Government of Ministry of Population and Environment Department of Hydrology and Meteorology Nagpokhari, Kathmandu, Nepal

PRELIMINARY WEATHER SUMMARY OF NEPAL February 2015

MAIN HIGHLIGHT The country remained normal to warmer than normal except in the southern parts of the Central Region (CR) and the northern part of the Mid-western Region (MWR). Rainfall was below normal in the southern parts of the Eastern(ER), CR, MWR and Far-western Region (FWR) and northern parts of Western Region (WR) with its adjoining northern parts of the MWR.

SYNOPTIC SEQUENCES: Though many western disturbances as upper air systems affected north Pakistan & adjoining Jammu & Kashmir and western Himalayan region, only three of them influenced the weather systems over Nepal and produced rainfall mainly in 1st, 3rd and 4th weeks.

PRECIPITATION DISTRIBUTION: Northern half of the country recorded more rainfall in comparison to southern half of the country except the northeastern of the MWR and northern of the WR (Figure 1, Table 1). Precipitation was highest monthly with 133.8 (166.3%)mm in Bajura with the highest 24 hour rainfall of 48.8 mm on 19th February some of the stations received no rain such as Dharan Bazar, Jalesore and Gaur. Jiri in the CR received highest of above 410.9% (46.9mm) of normal precipitation.

TEMPERATURE PATTERN: The country as a whole experienced above normal temperature except the south eastern region of the CR, North eastern part of the MWR recorded below normal temperature with departure below or equal to -3.4oC in Jalesore and -2.3 oC in Dunai. Departure of mean temperature 2.2oC was recorded over Ilam Tea State in the north eastern part of ER (Figure 4, Table 1). As compared to other stations, Manthali recorded the highest maximum temperature of 33.0 °C on 28th February in Gaida (Kankai) while the lowest minimum temperature of -6.6 °C was recorded in Jumla on 25th February.

Temperature monitoring in the Terai region ( Fig: 5) shows that most of the days in February was warmer than normal for minimium temperature while for maximum temperature there was lesser deviation both positive and negative. The maximum temperature anomaly was reached the lowest negative anomaly -5.7°C in Simara on 1st February (Figure 2, Image 1) whereas the minimum temperature reached the highest positive anomaly 8.3°C on the 26th February in Simara. The increase of minimum temperature in the winter season has been quite common in the Tarai region since few years.

The preliminary weather data for February 2015 is presented in Table 1.

30 Fig.1: Total Precipitation (mm) February 2014

Dadeldhura Jumla Dipayal 29 Dhangadhi Surkhet

Pokhara Nepalgunj Dang 28 Kathmandu Bhairahawa Okhaldhunga Taplejung Simara 27 Dhankuta

Biratnagar -5 10 20 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110 120

30 Fig 2: Percentage of Normal Precipitation(%) February 2014 Dadeldhura Jumla Dipayal 29 Dhangadhi Surkhet

Pokhara Nepalgunj Dang 28 Kathmandu Bhairahawa Okhaldhunga Taplejung Simara 27 Dhankuta

Biratnagar 0 50 90 110 200 300 400

30 Fig 3: Mean Temperature (°C) February 2014 Dadeldhura Jumla Dipayal 29 Dhangadhi Surkhet

Pokhara Nepalgunj Dang 28 Kathmandu Bhairahawa Okhaldhunga Taplejung Simara 27 Dhankuta

4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 Biratnagar

30 Fig 4: Departure of Mean Temperature (°C) from the normal, February 2014

Dadeldhura Jumla Dipayal 29 Dhangadhi Surkhet

Far-western Pokhara Nepalgunj Dang 28 Kathmandu Mid-western Bhairahawa Okhaldhunga Taplejung Western Simara 27 Dhankuta Central -3.4 -3 -2 -1 -0.2 0.2 0.5 1.5 Biratnagar Eastern 80 81 82 83 84 85 86 87 88

Remarks: Normal Rainfall (Gray colour) = 100 ± 10 % Normal Temperature (Gray colour) = 0 ± 0.2 °C

Table 1. PRELIMINARY MONTHLY WEATHER DATA February 2015 PRECIPITATION TEMPERATURE No. of Rainy Days Maximum ( °C ) Minimum ( °C ) Mean ( °C )

30°C

≥ Stations

& Date&

maximum

normal normal normal

Total(mm)

%of Normal mm 1.0 ≥

≥ 10.0 mm 10.0 ≥ mm 25.0 ≥ mm 50.0 ≥

No.ofwith Days

Average Min Average

Average Max Average

MonthlyMean

temperature

24hrs Extreme Rainfall Extreme 24hrs LowestDate&Min

HighestDate& Max

Departure from Departure the from Departure the from Departure the BAITADI 25.7 44.2 2 1 0 0 20.5/25 19.1 - 28.3/9 6.7 - 6/16 12.9 - 0 DADELDHURA 69.1 110.6 5 2 2 0 32.9/27 16.4 1.2 22.6/22 6.2 1.1 2.7/1 11.3 1.2 0 SUNDARPUR 27.4 67.5 4 1 0 0 12.8/3 25 0.6 30/28 11 1.98 6.4/12 18 1.3 1 DARCHULA 93.2 143.2 7 4 0 0 23.4/26 22.5 1.0 26.5/28 7.4 1.3 4/1 14.9 1.2 0 BAJURA 133.8 166.3 7 3 2 0 48.8/19 M M M M M M M M M DHANGADHI 15.3 46.4 3 0 0 0 8/27 24.8 0.0 30.1/28 11.3 2.1 6/1 18.1 1.0 1 MANGALSEN 45.4 67.6 5 2 0 0 19.9/26 20.9 - 26/24 7.5 - 3.5/1 14.2 - 0 DIPAYAL (DOTI) 33.4 64.3 4 1 0 0 19.4/26 24.3 -0.4 30.4/24 8.9 1.8 4.6/1 16.6 0.7 2 JUMLA 89.1 226.0 6 4 0 0 21.6/15 16.4 1.4 25.4/22 -1.9 1.2 -5.5/1 7.3 1.3 0 GAM SHREE NAGAR 45.8 160.7 16 0 0 0 6.4/9 17.0 - 17.6/24 -3.8 - -6.6/25 6.6 - 0 NAGMA 80.3 136.9 6 3 1 0 31.2/26 18.3 - 26.5/24 1.9 - -1.8/3 10.1 - 0 DUNAI 6.0 46.8 2 0 0 0 4/22 17.5 -1.1 20.5/1 -2.2 -3.5 -2.5/1 7.7 -2.3 0 DAILEKH 32.5 80.2 4 1 0 0 10.4/26 20.9 2.4 25.4/24 8.5 1.4 6.2/1 14.7 1.9 0 JAJARKOT 28.8 73.1 4 1 0 0 11.6/27 22.4 - 26.5/24 M M M M M M SURKHET 15.1 35.5 4 0 0 0 6.5/26 24.7 2.2 27.8/24 8.3 0.4 3.4/1 16.5 1.3 0 GULARIYA 31.2 150.6 3 1 1 0 25.5/27 25.0 - 29.5/24 10.6 - 5.5/1 17.8 - 0 7.6 38.8 1 0 0 0 7.6/4 25.7 1.0 29.7/24 11.3 2.1 5.2/1 18.5 1.6 0 LIBANG GAUN 21.2 44.4 3 1 0 0 12/4 20.5 - 24/21 6.1 - 1.5/4 13.3 - 0 BIJUWAR TAR 22.5 86.5 3 1 0 0 14.2/4 24.3 - 28.9/24 9.7 - 6.4/7 17.0 - 0 SALYAN BAZAR 16.8 87.2 3 0 0 0 9.2/4 21.5 1.5 27/25 8.2 0.5 4.2/1 14.8 1.0 0 CHAUR JHARI TAR 20.2 57.7 4 1 0 0 10/4 24.1 0.5 28/24 7.7 0.3 4.2/1 15.9 0.4 0 GHORAI (DANG) 11.4 50.8 2 0 0 0 8.2/4 24.5 2.2 28.4/27 9.9 1.8 4.5/1 17.2 2.0 0 JOMSOM 15.2 110.5 3 0 0 0 9.5/18 13.1 1.9 19.5/24 0.3 1.8 -4/4 6.7 1.9 0 BAGLUNG 34.9 126.8 3 0 0 0 13.4/19 21.8 -1.7 25.3/23 9.8 1.5 6.2/1 15.8 -0.1 0 BENI BAZAR 46.3 303.3 4 1 0 0 18.6/4 23.5 0.5 27.2/24 M M M M M M KUSHMA 34.4 242.3 4 1 0 0 14.4/19 23.9 0.9 28/24 9.6 -0.1 6/1 16.7 0.4 0 TANSEN M M M M M M M 21.9 2.5 26.2/26 9.9 0.4 5.5/1 15.9 1.5 0 BHAIRHAWA AIRPORT 15.9 82.7 2 1 0 0 12.5/27 25.1 -0.3 29.3/27 12.0 1.3 6.6/1 18.6 0.5 0 KHUDI BAZAR 21.1 42.7 2 1 0 0 15.6/19 M M M M M M M M M 30.3 87.7 4 1 0 0 19.5/19 23.1 0.9 26.1/23 11.2 2.0 6.5/1 17.1 1.5 0 SYANGJA 26.0 88.0 2 2 0 0 14.8/27 M M M M M M M M M GORKHA 23.5 114.2 4 1 0 0 11.1/19 23.4 1.4 27.4/27 11.1 0.9 6.5/1 17.3 1.2 0 LUMLE 37.0 75.0 5 1 0 0 16.8/19 15.8 0.7 19/22 7.1 0.8 3/1 11.5 0.7 0 KHAIRINI TAR 38.0 142.8 4 1 1 0 28.2/19 25.2 0.6 28.7/27 11.4 1.8 5.4/3 18.3 1.2 0 RAMPUR 46.3 304.1 4 2 1 0 25.1/26 25.3 -0.8 29.4/24 11.0 1.4 5.5/3 18.2 0.3 0 HETAUNDA N.F.I. 26.8 138.5 2 1 0 0 23.8/27 25.1 0.2 28.2/24 10.5 1.4 5.5/2 17.8 0.8 0 SIMARA AIRPORT 6.7 47.5 2 0 0 0 4/27 26.8 1.3 31.2/27 11.5 1.9 5/1 19.1 1.6 4 GAUR 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0 0 15.6 - 19.5/27 8.3 - 5/5 12.0 - 0 NUWAKOT 44.1 226.6 4 2 1 0 26.3/27 22.5 -0.7 25.8/23 10.9 0.2 6.8/1 16.7 -0.2 0 GODAVARI 38.4 167.8 4 1 0 0 21.4/27 19.2 1.7 22.8/28 5.4 0.5 1.7/1 12.3 1.1 0 KATHMANDU AIRPORT 35.2 187.9 3 2 0 0 23.2/27 22.2 0.8 25.2/22 7.3 2.8 2.8/2 14.8 1.8 0 PANCHKHAL 21.2 133.9 2 1 0 0 15.8/27 24.1 0.7 27.7/22 7.6 0.9 2.3/2 15.8 0.8 0 NAGARKOT 1.4 7.7 1 0 0 0 1/4 15.2 0.6 19/28 5.0 0.7 1/1 10.1 0.6 0 DHUNCHE 39.6 89.6 5 2 0 0 21.2/27 14.5 - 17.5/23 4.8 - 2/1 9.7 - 0 JIRI 46.9 410.9 5 3 0 0 16.3/27 16.4 0.5 21.4/28 2.4 1.9 -0.5/5 9.4 1.2 0 SINDHULI MADHI 16.5 63.2 2 1 0 0 14.8/27 25.8 2.0 30.3/28 10.4 0.5 6/4 18.1 1.3 1 1.2 10.5 1 0 0 0 1.2/27 M M M M M M M M M JALESORE 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0 0 21.9 -4.0 24.5/23 9.4 -2.8 7/19 15.6 -3.4 0 MANTHALI 20.0 - 1 1 0 0 20/27 26.5 - 30/24 10.2 - 6/2 18.3 - 3 OKHALDHUNGA 13.9 98.7 2 0 0 0 9.6/27 18.6 1.7 23.4/28 7.8 0.7 4/1 13.2 1.2 0 KHOTANG BAZAR 7.3 59.8 2 0 0 0 4.2/26 M M M M M M M M M LAHAN 11.0 103.1 2 1 0 0 10/22 26.3 0.8 30.5/28 12.2 1.1 7/1 19.3 1.0 1 RAJBIRAJ 11.5 113.3 1 1 0 0 11.5/22 25.4 -1.8 30/28 13.7 2.2 7.5/1 19.5 0.2 1 CHAINPUR (EAST) 10.5 56.6 2 0 0 0 7.3/27 21.9 1.6 27.5/28 8.9 0.1 5.5/1 15.4 0.8 0 DHANKUTA 7.0 45.1 1 0 0 0 7/27 22.1 2.9 26.5/28 10.2 1.1 5/1 16.1 2.0 0 DHARAN BAZAR 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0 0 26.7 - 31.8/28 15.2 - 10.5/1 20.9 - 3 TERHATHUM 9.8 58.8 1 0 0 0 9.8/27 20.3 - 24.5/28 6.8 - 3.5/1 13.5 - 0 5.5 41.7 1 0 0 0 5.5/22 27.3 1.2 31.7/28 12.2 1.1 5.5/1 19.7 1.2 3 TAPLEJUNG 24.7 87.0 4 1 0 0 13/27 18.0 2.4 21.8/28 7.4 1.5 4.6/3 12.7 1.9 0 ILAM TEA ESTATE 12.0 69.6 1 1 0 0 12/27 20.1 1.9 24/28 7.8 -3.0 3.5/1 14.0 2.2 0 PHIDIM (PANCHTHER) 10.9 56.8 1 1 0 0 10.3/27 23.0 1.8 27.5/28 10.6 2.4 6.1/1 16.8 2.1 0 GAIDA (KANKAI) M M M M M M M 27.4 0.7 33/28 11.0 0.6 6.5/1 19.2 0.7 5

Remarks: -- = Normal not available M = Data not available Rainfall recorded on a day is the total 24 hour rainfall from the previous day 8:45 am till 8:45 am of that day. Fig: 5 Temperature Monitoring in Terai Region (February 2015)

Daily Maximum temperature anomaly Dhangadhi Daily Minimum temperature anomaly Dhangadhi 8 8

6 6

C)

°

C) ° 4 4

2 2

0 0

-2 -2 Temperature Temperature anomaly (

-4 Temperature anomaly ( -4

-6 -6

-8 -8

5-Feb 1-Feb 9-Feb

6-Feb 1-Feb

17-Feb 13-Feb 21-Feb 25-Feb

11-Feb 16-Feb 21-Feb 26-Feb Day (Month) Day (Month)

Daily Maximum temperature anomaly Bhairahawa Daily Minimum temperature anomaly Bhairahawa 8 8

6 6

C) C)

° ° 4 4

2 2

0 0

-2 -2 Temperature Temperature anomaly ( -4 Temperature anomaly ( -4

-6 -6

-8 -8

1-Feb 6-Feb

1-Feb 6-Feb

21-Feb 26-Feb 11-Feb 16-Feb

11-Feb 26-Feb 16-Feb 21-Feb Day (Month) Day (Month)

Daily Maximum temperature anomaly Simara Daily Minimum temperature anomaly Simara 8 10

6 8

C)

° C) 4 ° 6

4 2 2 0 0 -2

-2 Temperature Temperature anomaly (

-4 Temperature anomaly ( -4

-6 -6

-8 -8

1-Feb 6-Feb

1-Feb 6-Feb

16-Feb 11-Feb 21-Feb 26-Feb

11-Feb 21-Feb 26-Feb 16-Feb Day (Month) Day (Month)

Daily Maximum temperature anomaly Biratnagar Daily Minimum temperature anomaly Biratnagar 8 8 6 6

C) 4 °

4 C) °

2 2

0 0

-2 -2

-4

-4

Temperature Temperature anomaly ( Temperature Temperature anomaly ( -6 -6

-8 -8

6-Feb 1-Feb

1-Feb 9-Feb 5-Feb

21-Feb 11-Feb 16-Feb 26-Feb

13-Feb 17-Feb 21-Feb 25-Feb Day (Month) Day (Month)