Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) of Residence Apartment for Managers of Surya Pvt. Ltd. (Phase II) , Province 2

Submitted to: Government of Nepal Ministry of Forests and Environment (MoFE) Singhadurbar, Through Ministry of Urban Development (MoUD) Singhadurbar, Kathmandu and Department of Urban Development and Building Construction, Singhadurbar, Kathmandu

Submitted by: Prepared by: Surya Nepal Pvt. Ltd. SCEC Pvt. Ltd. JV NRAC Shree Bal Sadan Anamnagar, Kathmandu, Nepal Gha 2-513, Kantipath, Kathmandu, Nepal Tel: 977-9841428732 Phone : 01-4248280 Email: [email protected]

December 2020 EIA of Residence Apartment for Managers of Surya Nepal Pvt. Ltd. (Phase II)

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EIA of Residence Apartment for Managers of Surya Nepal Pvt. Ltd. (Phase II)

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EIA of Residence Apartment for Managers of Surya Nepal Pvt. Ltd. (Phase II)

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

Proponent and the Institution Preparing the EIA Report The proponent of the proposed project is by Surya Nepal Pvt. Ltd. The details of name and address of the proponent is as follows:

Surya Nepal Pvt. Ltd. Simara, Bara, Nepal Phone: 053-520175 Fax: 520034

The Environment Impact Assessment of the project is prepared by SCEC Pvt. Ltd. JV Nepal Rural And Advancement Committee Pvt. Ltd. (NRAC) for and on behalf of the proponent.

SCEC Pvt. Ltd. JV Nepal Rural And Advancement Committee Pvt. Ltd. (NRAC) Anamnagar, Kathmandu, Nepal Tel: 977-9841428732 Email: [email protected]

Project Description The proposed project is located in Jitpur Simara Sub-Metropolitan city, Ward no. 2, of Bara district in the Province no. 2. To provide basic housing facility to the new incumbents of managerial staff and to their family the residential apartment has been envisaged. The proposed project covers 11866.062 sq. m area. The proposed Residential Apartment for Managers of Surya Nepal Pvt. Ltd comprises construction of 25 apartments.

Objectives The main objective of the EIA study is to identify both positive and negative impacts of proposed project implemented on physical, chemical, biological, socio-economic and cultural environment of the project area and propose augmentation measures for beneficial impacts and mitigation measures for adverse impacts.

Methodology As per EPR 2077 schedule 3, E. 1. Residents, buildings and urban development sector; this EIA study has been carried out. This study is also based on approved ToR of same proposal. Relevant literatures were reviewed and Zone of Influence of the Project was delineated. EIA Study team made the field visit in April 2017 for field survey, collection of necessary information and focused group discussion and public consultation with local people and concerned stakeholders.

Review of Plans/Policies, Legislations and Guidelines The different Plans, Policies, Acts, Guidelines and Standards formulated by Government of Nepal related to the implementation of the proposed project have been reviewed during the preparation of the report. The EIA study should be consistent with a range of policies, acts, guidelines, rules and standards of GoN and international commitments made in bilateral and multilateral treaties/conventions. The major relevant legal documents to be considered during the EIA study are constitution of Nepal, Fifteenth Plan, Environment Protection Act, 2076, EPR 2054 and EPR 2077, Local Government Operation Act 2074, 14th Plan, Building Act 2055, Waste Management Act 2068 & Labour Act 2074.

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EIA of Residence Apartment for Managers of Surya Nepal Pvt. Ltd. (Phase II)

Existing Environmental Condition The project site is located at an elevation of about 96 m above sea level. Climatic condition of the project is tropical type. The mean temperature is about 190C. The annual precipitation in the area is observed to be 2160 mm.

The project area is located in open land without any vegetation and it is in the name of company itself. The vegetation in the surrounding places is dominated by grasses (grass land). The major animal found nearby the project is monkey. The major birds include Bhangera, Kag, Pareba while some snakes are also reported nearby villages.

The total population of Bara District is 687708. The total household of the Bara district 108635 with the average household size of 6.33 %. Several caste/ethnic groups were found in Bara district. The majorities of the population in the project influence area belong to Musalman (13.1%), followed by Yadav (10.5%) and Tharu (10.5%) respectively.

IMPACT OF THE IMPLEMENTATION OF THE PROJECT ON THE ENVIRONMENT Impact of implementation of the project is separate on two phases one is construction phase and another is operation phase. Theses phases are further classified on beneficial impact and adverse impact.

Beneficial Impacts from Project Implementation The immediate beneficial impacts from project in the construction phase are generation of employment opportunities for the local population, skill enhancement, etc. Other advantages are increased cash flow in the project vicinity, boost in local economy, etc. The establishment of the apartment will aid to increase the local markets in that area. Similarly, the facilities of communication, transportation as well as electricity will be readily available. This will help to develop the project area. The envisaged impact is high, site specific and long term.

Adverse Impacts of Implementation of the Proposal Different adverse effects can be faced during the operation of the project. The impacts related to solid waste management, occupational health and safety, traffic management etc. will be raised. The extraction of ground water by deep boring will deplete the ground water table. Likewise, increase in number of people in the project area due to migration will increase the pressure on the existing resources and the infrastructures of the project area. Similarly, there will be chance of increasing crime, theft and robbery in the project area.

Adverse Impact Mitigation Measures A number of adverse impacts mitigation measures have been proposed to offset the environmental impacts, and make the project environmentally friendly. Construction of solid waste management system and drainage management system has been proposed to avoid the sewage from entering the nearby water bodies. Likewise, rainwater harvesting and groundwater recharge techniques would be prioritized as mitigation measure of groundwater depletion and water shortage.

Environmental Management Plan Environmental Management Plan (EMP) has been proposed in the report with impacts identified, possible effects and impacts, measures for their mitigation, monitoring method and schedule. In addition, agencies responsible for executing environmental mitigation measures and monitoring have been identified as a part of EMP. Different monitoring indicators on physical, biological, socio- economic and cultural environment have also been identified. The tentative cost for implementation of EMP is estimated at around as Rs 40500000. .

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EIA of Residence Apartment for Managers of Surya Nepal Pvt. Ltd. (Phase II)

Conclusion In this report, the environmental impacts are limited to the construction period and for short time. This report also reveals that the benefits from the implementation of the proposed project are more significant and long term in nature against the adverse impacts most of which could be mitigated or avoided. The implementation of proposed project is expected to bring a substantial set of beneficial impacts like employment generation in local economy and enhancement of technical skills etc. This project is recommended for the implementation with incorporation of mitigation measures and environmental monitoring plan.

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EIA of Residence Apartment for Managers of Surya Nepal Pvt. Ltd. (Phase II)

ABBREVIATION % : Percentage AC : Air Conditioning ACH : Air change per hour AMF : Automatic Main Failure B.S. : Bikram Sambat BHK : Bedroom Hall Kitchen CAM : Crassulacean Acid Metabolism CBO : Community Based Organization CBS : Central Bureau of Statistics CCTV : Closed Circuit Television CEHS : Coupled Electricity and Heat System CFL : Compact Fluorescent Lamp CI : Cast Iron CO2 : Carbon dioxide CSP : Corporate Social Performance DB : Distribution Board DG : Diesel Generator DIA : Direct Impact Area DO : Dissolved Oxygen DPR : Detail Project Report DUDBC : Department of Urban Development and Building Construction EIA : Environmental Impact Assessment EIA : Environmental Impact Assessment ELCB : Earth Leakage Circuit Breaker EMP : Environment Management Plan EPA : Environment Protection Act EPR : Environment Protection Rules ETP : Effluent Treatment Plant FAR : Floor Area Ratio FDS : Fire Defence System FRP : Fibre Reinforced Plastic GI : Galvanized Iron GoN : Government of Nepal IAQ : Indoor Air Quality IIA : Indirect Impact Area IUCN : International Union for Conservation of Nature KL : Kilo Liter KLPD : Kilo Litre per Day Km : Kilometre KV : Kilo Volt LED : Light Emitting Diode M : Metre MCB : Miniature Circuit Breaker MCCB : Molded Case Circuit Breaker MEP : Mechanical Electrical Plumbing MoFE : Ministry of Forests and Environment

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EIA of Residence Apartment for Managers of Surya Nepal Pvt. Ltd. (Phase II)

MoUD : Ministry of Urban Development NASA : National Aeronautics & Space Administration NB : Nominal Bore NBC : National Building Code NEPAP : Nepal Environmental Policy and Action Plan NGO : Non-Governmental Organization No. : Number NPR : Nepalese Rupees NRAC : Nepal Rural And Advancement Committee Pvt. Ltd. OHSAS : Occupational Health and Safety Assessment System OLTC : On-Load Tap Changer PAD : Project Affected District PPE : Personal Protective Equipment Pt. Ltd. : Private Limited PVC : Poly Vinyl Chloride RCC : Reinforced Cement Concrete SBC : Safer Building Construction SNPL : Surya Nepal Pvt. Ltd. SP : Single Pole Sq. Ft. : Square Feet STP : Sewerage Treatment Plant TAC : Tariff Advisory Committee ToR : Terms of Reference VAT : Value Added Tax YY-MM-DD : Year Month Day ZoI : Zone of Influence

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EIA of Residence Apartment for Managers of Surya Nepal Pvt. Ltd. (Phase II)

TABLE OF CONTENTS

ABBREVIATIONS / ACRONYMS

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ...... iv CHAPTER I: INTRODUCTION ...... 1 1.1. Project Background ...... 1 1.2. Proponent and the Institution Responsible for Preparing the Report ...... 1 1.2.1 The Proponent ...... 1 1.2.2 Institution Responsible for Preparing the Document ...... 1 1.3. Objectives of EIA Study ...... 2 1.4. Rationale for EIA Study ...... 2 1.5. Relevancy of the Proposal ...... 2 1.6. Scope of the Study...... 2 1.7. Study Team ...... 3 CHAPTER II: PROJECT DESCRIPTION ...... 4 2.1 The Proposal Location ...... 4 2.2 Accessibility ...... 5 2.3 Salient Features ...... 5 2.4 Project Details ...... 7 2.4.1 Design Concept and Specifications ...... 7 2.4.2 Access Road: ...... 9 2.4.3 Space Productivity: ...... 9 2.4.4 External Design Concept ...... 10 2.4.5 Parking and Pathways: ...... 11 2.4.6 Wiring System: ...... 12 2.4.7 Fire & Life Safety and Ladder ...... 12 2.4.8 Drinking Water and Rain Water Harvesting System ...... 12 2.4.9 Waste Water Management: ...... 13 2.4.10 Solid Waste Management ...... 13 2.4.11 Water-Proofing: ...... 13 2.4.12 Security System: ...... 13 2.4.13 Communication: ...... 13 2.4.14 Premises Lighting: ...... 14 2.5 Project Requirements ...... 14 2.5.1 Land ...... 14 2.5.2 Machinery and Equipment/Technique Construction Material ...... 14 2.5.3 Human Resources Input ...... 14 2.5.4 Emergency Power Generation ...... 14 2.5.5 Electrical System ...... 15 2.5.6 Utilities requirement ...... 15

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EIA of Residence Apartment for Managers of Surya Nepal Pvt. Ltd. (Phase II)

2.5.7 Electricity ...... 15 2.5.8 Power Distribution ...... 15 2.5.9 Construction Materials ...... 16 2.5.10 Emergency Escape, earthquake safety ...... 16 2.5.11 Stockpile site and Spoil Disposal ...... 17 2.6 Construction Period...... 17 2.7 Project Cost ...... 17 CHAPTER III: METHODOLOGY FOR EIA STUDY ...... 18 3.1. Literature Review ...... 18 3.2 Impact Area Delineation ...... 18 3.3. Field Visit and Site Inspection ...... 18 3.3.1. Physical Environment ...... 18 3.3.2. Biological Environment...... 18 3.3.3. Socio-economic and Cultural Environment ...... 19 3.4. Impact Assessment (identification, Prediction and Evaluation)...... 19 3.5. Public Hearing and Consultation ...... 19 CHAPTER IV: EXISTING ENVIRONMENT CONDITIONS...... 20 4.1 PHYSICAL ENVIRONMENT OF THE AREA ...... 20 4.1.1 Physiography and topography ...... 20 4.1.2 Geology and soil ...... 20 4.1.3 Climate ...... 20 4.1.4 Hydrology ...... 21 4.1.5 Ground Water Resource ...... 22 4.1.6 Land Distribution and Natural Resources...... 22 4.1.7 Roads and Infrastructure ...... 23 4.1.8 Air Quality, Water Quality and Noise Levels ...... 23 4.1.9 Cultural and Religious Sites ...... 24 4.1.10 Sewerage and Storm water drainage ...... 24 4.1.11 Irrigation Canal ...... 24 4.2 Biological Environment ...... 24 4.2.1 Vegetation ...... 24 4.2.2 Fauna ...... 26 4.3 Socio-Economic Environment ...... 26 4.3.1 Demographic Structure ...... 27 4.3.2 Caste and Ethnic Group ...... 27 4.3.3 Mother Tongue ...... 29 4.3.4 Religion ...... 29 4.3.5 Education and Literacy ...... 29 4.3.6 Institutions ...... 30 4.3.7 Usually Active and Inactive Population ...... 30 4.3.8 Drinking water and sanitation ...... 30

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EIA of Residence Apartment for Managers of Surya Nepal Pvt. Ltd. (Phase II)

4.3.9 Industries around the Project Site...... 31 CHAPTER V: RELEVANT POLICIES, LEGISLATIONS, GUIDELINES AND STANDARDS ...... 32 5.1 Constitution ...... 32 5.2 Plan, Policies and Strategies ...... 32 Fifteen Plan (2076/77-2080/81) ...... 32 National Land Policy, 2071 BS ...... 32 National Urban Policy, 2064 BS ...... 32 National Climate Change Policy, 2076 BS ...... 32 National Plan of Action for Safer Building Construction, 2072 BS ...... 32 National Urban Water Supply and Sanitation Sector Policy, 2065 BS ...... 33 Labour and Employment Policy, 2062 BS ...... 33 Nepal Environmental Policy and Action Plan (NEPAP) 2049 BS ...... 33 National Environment Policy, 2076 BS ...... 34 5.3 Acts 34 Environment Protection Act 2076 BS ...... 34 Town Development Act 2045 BS ...... 34 Building Act 2055 BS ...... 34 Local Government Operation Act, 2074 BS ...... 35 Labour Act, 2074 BS ...... 35 Solid Waste Management Act 2068 BS ...... 35 Child labor (Prohibition and Regulation) Act 2056 BS ...... 35 Companies Act, 2063 BS and amendments, 2073 BS ...... 35 5.4 Rules /Regulations ...... 36 5.5 GUIDELINES ...... 36 5.6 STANDARDS ...... 36 5.7 INTERNATIONAL CONVENTIONS AND TREATIES ...... 38 CHAPTER VI: IMPACT OF THE IMPLEMENTATION OF THE PROJECT ON THE ENVIRONMENT ... 39 6.1 Beneficial Impact ...... 39 6.1.1 Construction Phase ...... 39 6.1.2 Operation Phase ...... 40 6.2 Adverse Impact ...... 40 6.2.1 Physical Environment ...... 40 6.2.2 Biological Environment ...... 43 6.2.3 Socio-economic and cultural environment ...... 44 CHAPTER VII: Alternative Analysis for the implementation of the proposal ...... 49 7.1 No Action Option ...... 49 7.2 Project Alternatives ...... 49 7.3 Project Location ...... 49 7.4 Alternative Design and Construction Approach ...... 49 7.5 Alternative Schedule and Process ...... 49 CHAPTER VIII: MATTERS CONCERNING THE PREVENTION OF THE IMPACT OF THE IMPLEMENTATION OF THE PROPOSAL ON THE ENVIRONMENT ...... 50 xi

EIA of Residence Apartment for Managers of Surya Nepal Pvt. Ltd. (Phase II)

8.1 Physical Environment ...... 50 8.1.1 Construction Phase ...... 50 8.1.2 Operation stage ...... 51 8.2 Biological Environment ...... 53 8.2.1 Construction Phase ...... 53 8.2.2 Operational Phase ...... 53 8.3 Socio-economic Environment ...... 53 8.3.1 Construction Phase ...... 53 8.3.2 Operation Phase ...... 54 CHAPTER IX: ENVIRONMENT MANAGEMENT PLAN ...... 61 9.1 Environment Management System ...... 61 9.2 Environment Management Unit ...... 61 9.3 Implementing mechanism of Environmental Protection Measures ...... 61 9.4 Project Management Responsibility ...... 62 9.5 Environmental Monitoring Plan ...... 62 9.6 Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) ...... 63 9.7 Specific Management Plans for Surya Nepal Residential Buildings ...... 63 9.7.1 Health and Safety Plan ...... 63 9.7.2 Occupational Health and Safety Hazards ...... 65 9.7.3 Community Health and Safety Hazards ...... 65 9.7.4 Site Safety Procedures ...... 65 9.7.5 Managing Construction Hazards ...... 66 9.7.6 Confined Space Entry and Excavation of Work ...... 66 9.7.7 Electrical ...... 67 9.7.8 Plant and Equipment ...... 67 9.7.9 Scaffolds ...... 67 9.7.10 Fire and Explosions ...... 68 9.7.11 Managing other Construction Hazards ...... 68 9.7.12 Plan for Management of Labor and Working Condition ...... 69 9.7.13 Construction Camp Management Plan ...... 70 9.7.14 Indoor Air Quality Management Plan ...... 71 9.7.15 Emergency Preparedness and Response Plan ...... 75 9.8 Compliance monitoring ...... 76 9.8 Monitoring Cost ...... 77 9.9 Total EMP Cost ...... 78 9.10 Environment Audit ...... 78 CHAPTER X: CONCLUSION ...... 80 REFERENCES ...... 81

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EIA of Residence Apartment for Managers of Surya Nepal Pvt. Ltd. (Phase II)

ANNEXES

ANNEX Ia : SD/TOR Approval for Phase II ANNEX Ib : IEE Approval for Phase I ANNEX II : Company Registration certificates and other legal documents ANNEX III : Land Entitlement Certificates ANNEX IV : Layout Maps ANNEX V : Recommendation from concerned authority ANNEX VI : Attendance during public hearing ANNEX VII : Public Hearing ANNEX VIII : Pictorial Highlight ANNEX IX : Water Quality Report ANNEX X : Approved Civil Aviation Authority of Nepal (CAAN) ANNEX XI : Soil Test Report ANNEX XII : Declaration Form ANNEX XIII : Declaration from SNPL Approved ToR

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EIA of Residence Apartment for Managers of Surya Nepal Pvt. Ltd. (Phase II)

CHAPTER I: INTRODUCTION

1.1. Project Background Surya Nepal Pvt. Ltd. situated at Simara has multiplied many folds in terms of volume, infrastructure and human resources. The managerial strength has also grown over a period and the number of young managers is in the increase as the unit has already completed 28 years. Scoping for EIA of the project helps in developing and selecting alternatives to the proposed action and recognized the issues to be considered in EIA process. Besides it allows proponent to inform the stakeholders about the proposal to receive their comments and suggestions on the relevant environment issues and sketches out the guidelines for ToR preparation. The IEE for construction of Phase I has been approved by Ministry of Urban Development, GoN (2075/02/10, see Annex I). Surya Nepal Pvt. Ltd. also want to construct Phase 2 (apartment with club house/recreational centers) with 25 apartments; that will help in the uplifting the living conditions of the managers within the premises of Surya Nepal Pvt. Ltd. The project name is Residential Building Unit instead of Apartment unit although whatsoever written in the report due to approved ToR the name exist as Apartment but it is Residential Building and not for sale, just for the staff of the company. The declaration stating the intent of the project (apartment) exclusively for residential purpose and not for sale has been included in Annex XII.

1.2. Proponent and the Institution Responsible for Preparing the Report 1.2.1 The Proponent The Residence Apartment for Managers of Surya Nepal Pvt. Ltd. (Phase II), Surya Nepal Pvt. Ltd., Bara District, Province 2 is proposed by Surya Nepal Pvt. Ltd. The details of name and address of the proponent is as follows: Surya Nepal Pvt. Ltd. Simara, Bara, , Nepal Phone: 053-520175 Fax: 520034 URL: www.snpl.com.np

Registered Office Shree Bal Sadan Gha 2-513, Kantipath, Kathmandu, Nepal Phone: 01-4248280 Fax: 01-4227585/4229004

1.2.2 Institution Responsible for Preparing the Document The Environment Impact Assessment of the proposal has been prepared by SCEC Pvt. Ltd. JV NRAC, Anamnagar, Kathmandu for and on behalf of the proponent. The contact detail of the consultancy is as follows:

SCEC Pvt. Ltd. JV Nepal Rural And Advancement Committee Pvt. Ltd. (NRAC) Anamnagar, Kathmandu, Nepal Tel: 977-9841428732 Email: [email protected]

Proponent: Surya Nepal Pvt. Ltd Consultant: SCEC JV NRAC 1 EIA of Residence Apartment for Managers of Surya Nepal Pvt. Ltd. (Phase II)

1.3. Objectives of EIA Study The EIA study, as per EPA (2076), has an objective to prepare a comprehensive EIA study report to facilitate decision making of the concerned agencies and stakeholders. Therefore, the main objectives of the EIA Study are to: . Identify the major physical, biological and socio-economic and cultural baseline conditions; . Identify potential positive and adverse impacts for various proposal alternatives; . Prescribe appropriate, practical, cost effective and site specific mitigation measures for the identified adverse environmental impacts to avoid or minimize or compensate adverse impacts and enhancement measures for the capitalization of positive impacts; . Collect baseline data on physical, biological, socio-economic and cultural component of the local environment; . Assess alternative project design and give input on project design; . Develop Environmental Management Plan (EMP) and Environmental Auditing Plan for project construction and operation phase

1.4. Rationale for EIA Study Residence Apartment for Managers of Surya Nepal Pvt. Ltd. (Phase II), Surya Nepal Pvt. Ltd., Bara District, Province 2 comprises 25 apartments with total Built up area more than 11866.062 square meters (that includes First Phase 5418.72 square meters (IEE has been approved), Second Phase 5539.35 square meters and Club house/Recreational centre 907.99 square meters). The height of the building is 26.4 m for both Phases and each of them has eight floors (Ground+7). This project has been categorized as EIA project, because of the following characteristics: . Built up area – more than 10,000 square meters (attracts EPR 2077 schedule 3, E. 1. Housing, buildings and urban development sector)

1.5. Relevancy of the Proposal The demand for the proper residence for the managers near the main factory of the SNPL was increasing. As there are no suitable economic living facilities around the factory, it was hence essential to built the apartments for the managers not for commercial purpose so that it is economic and with the boundary of the company.

1.6. Scope of the Study The scope of this EIA study includes all the structures for Phase II (apartment building, Club house, Recreational /fitness center and Temple, Fire hydrant system, Fire detection and alarm system, Water treatment plant, Sewage treatment plant, Guard house, DG and electrical control room, Parking facility for car and motor bikes.

Phase I is also the part of this EIA. The architectural, structural and services design of the Phase I apartments consisting of 28 apartments were completed and the IEE for its construction has been approved by Ministry of Urban Development, GoN (2075/02/10, see Annex Ib). The SD/TOR for the EIA has been approved by MoFE on 2076/03/02 (see Annex Ia).

Proponent: Surya Nepal Pvt. Ltd Consultant: SCEC JV NRAC 2 EIA of Residence Apartment for Managers of Surya Nepal Pvt. Ltd. (Phase II)

1.7. Study Team The Study team required for the detailed EIA stage are mentioned below. S.N Qualification Expert Category

Project Coordinator –EIA Expert: Dr Jyoti Ph.D. in Conservation Biology (Botany) 1 Prasad Gajurel 2 Environmentalist: Dependra Pokhrel M.Sc. in Environment Science 3 Sociologist: Prakash Ghimire MA in Sociology Project Engineer on Behalf of Client: Er. M.E. 4 Suresh Shrestha B.E. In Civil Engineering/M.Sc. in Water 5 Civil Engineer: Umesh Dhital Resources

Proponent: Surya Nepal Pvt. Ltd Consultant: SCEC JV NRAC 3 EIA of Residence Apartment for Managers of Surya Nepal Pvt. Ltd. (Phase II)

CHAPTER II: PROJECT DESCRIPTION

2.1 The Proposal Location The proposed project is located in Jitpur Simara Sub-Metropolitan city, Ward no. 2, Bara district in the Province: 2 of Nepal. The project site is 1 km away in aerial distance from the . The location of the project is presented in the following figures below.

Figure 1 Location Map (source: Google map and site visit 2018) The land use of the project site comprises of barren land, bushes area, forest area and grass land. No agricultural land is seen in the project area. The land use pattern of the project is given in the figure below.

Proponent: Surya Nepal Pvt. Ltd Consultant: SCEC JV NRAC 4 EIA of Residence Apartment for Managers of Surya Nepal Pvt. Ltd. (Phase II)

Figure 2 Land use Map (source: Department of Survey) 2.2 Accessibility The project area is about 175 km road distance towards east west of Kathmandu. There is access roads for the proposed project site namely Tribhuvan highway. A topographic map and Google image of the project showing its accessibility is provided in the figure below:

Figure 3 The project access (source: field visit 2018 and google map)

2.3 Salient Features The Construction of apartment for managers of Surya Nepal Pvt. Ltd. (Phase II) aims at

Proponent: Surya Nepal Pvt. Ltd Consultant: SCEC JV NRAC 5 EIA of Residence Apartment for Managers of Surya Nepal Pvt. Ltd. (Phase II) construction of 25 apartments and other recreational structures in the site where phase I is located. Following Table 1 presents the salient feature of the project. Table 1 Project’s Salient Feature

Items Description Name of the Project Construction of apartment for managers of Surya Nepal Pvt. Ltd. (Phase II) Province 2 District Bara Municipality Jeetpur Simara sub-metropolitan city , ward 2 Physiography Number of Buildings Two (Phase I-constructed; Phase II remaining) Basic Facilities  Phase 2 apartment building with 25 apartments  Club house  Recreational /fitness center and Temple  Fire hydrant system  Fire detection and alarm system  Water treatment plant  Sewage treatment plant  Guard house  DG and electrical control room  Parking facility for car and motor bikes Land Area Phase 1: 1174 sq meter Phase 2: 1088 sq meter Club house: 719 sq meter Road: 1535 sq meter Total site area: 26947 sq meter No. of stories Phase 1 (G + 7 ) Phase 2 (G+7) Total No. of apartments Phase1 : 28 apartments Phase 1 Unit A: 1474.98 sq. ft. Unit B: 1185.00 sq. ft. Total families: 28 Phase 2: 25 apartments Phase 2 Unit A: 1474.98 sq. ft. Unit B: 1800.00 sq. ft. Unit C: 2600.00 sq. ft. Total Families: 25 Per Day Water Requirements 12 KL in Phase I and 10 KL in Phase II

Water Storage Capacity 15 KL in Phase I and 15 KL in Phase II

Proponent: Surya Nepal Pvt. Ltd Consultant: SCEC JV NRAC 6 EIA of Residence Apartment for Managers of Surya Nepal Pvt. Ltd. (Phase II)

Waste Waste per day = 15 kgs per apartment phase 1 Waste per day = 12 kgs per apartment phase 2 Per flat 0.5 kg per flat per day Capacity of Parking Area Phase 1: Car-12 and Bike-40 Phase 1: Car-12 and Bike-40 Built up Area 11866.062 sq m (First Phase 5418.72, Second Phase 5539.35 and Club house/Recreational center 907.99) Building Height Phase a 1 and phase 2 both are 26.4 m height Ground Coverage 4515 sq. m . (about 17 %) (apartment and other building with road) Setback Distance 6 m Open Space 83% (approximate) Total project cost Total NRs 92.6 Crs excluding VAT @ 13% (Phase 1 : NRs 42 Crs, Phase 2 : Nrs 45.25 Crs and Club House Nrs 5.35 Crs )

2.4 Project Details 2.4.1 Design Concept and Specifications The building of the project will be earthquake resistant building with the optimum use of local resources so as to define safe and economical structure. As per seismic zoning category, the Simara region falls under category IV (DoMG). However, it is recommended to design for one step higher i.e. zone V to make structure more stable (Project Report 2018). This will ensure robustness and safety in design. All MEP services design will be designed as per ITC Standards. Table 2 : Phase 2 with details on floor Built Up area

Description S.No. Area (Sq m) Area (Sq ft) Phase 2 1 Apartment a Ground floor 813 8746 b First floor plan 759 8172 c Second floor plan 801 8620 d Third floor plan 801 8620

e Fourth floor plan 794 8539 f Fifth floor plan 799 8596 g Sixth floor plan 387 4169 h Seventh floor plan 110 1184 i Sub total 5264 56644

2 Service blocks a Car and motor cycle parking shed 275 2959.00

Proponent: Surya Nepal Pvt. Ltd Consultant: SCEC JV NRAC 7 EIA of Residence Apartment for Managers of Surya Nepal Pvt. Ltd. (Phase II)

Sub total 275 2959

Grand total 5539.35 59603.41 Source: Project Report 2018

The building should epitomize engineering excellence in terms of design, materials and finishes, services and energy efficiency. Design will be in conformity with latest National Building Code (NBC) of Nepal. 11 kV electrical line is passing through the proposed site for the apartment; hence construction has to happen leaving 3 meter on either side from the line (To be earmarked in the drawing). Design should be such that it has to maximize the F.A.R. and ground coverage. Table 3: Club House/Recreational Center Structures Area (Sq m) Club house Ground floor 347 First floor 189 Gym and Recreational facility Total block area (Gym /Badminton) 372

(Gym 540 and badminton/TT court 2450 sft) Total area 908 Source: Project Report 2018 Structural design of Phase II will confirm to requirements of seismic zone V (Z factor: 0.36), in line with the Phase I design. Foundation will be designed as per the structural loads and soil bearing capacity. All MEP services design will be designed as per ITC Standards. All design parameters will conform to latest applicable National Building Code of Nepal or NBC of , whichever is stringent. The building should epitomize engineering excellence in terms of design, materials and finishes, services and energy efficiency.

Proponent: Surya Nepal Pvt. Ltd Consultant: SCEC JV NRAC 8 EIA of Residence Apartment for Managers of Surya Nepal Pvt. Ltd. (Phase II)

Figure 4 Project Site and Structures general layout (Source: Project Report 2018)

2.4.2 Access Road: There is a separate path for vehicle (16 feet width) and pedestrian movement (5 feet with interlocking blocks) available in phase 1 is required to be extended for phase 2 suitably as per final zonal layout plan. Surface water drain will be along the roads. Bitumen road will be provided.

2.4.3 Space Productivity: Apartment will be multi storied for higher space utilization. Design will be in conformity with latest National Building Code (NBC) of Nepal. Design should be such that it has to maximize the F.A.R. and ground coverage, within permissible limits. Table 4: Detail’s on room UNIT B S.N ROOMS UNIT A (sq.ft) (sq.ft) 1 Living Room 477 383.27 2 Study Room 56.8 0 3 Living Room Balcony 83.93 79.41 4 Master Bedroom 174.1 175.82 5 Dressing Room 42.61 48.31 6 Attached Toilet 58.43 48.31 7 Master Bedroom Balcony 58.75 47.99 8 Bedroom 169.69 159.89 9 Common Toilet 44.55 45.3 10 Kitchen 139.02 109.75 11 Kitchen Balcony 95.76 50.36 12 Utility 74.35 36.58 Total Carpet Area 1474.98 1185 Source: Project Report 2018 The overall building height can be up to 35 meters as per the height clearance certificate obtained from the Civil Aviation Authority of Nepal considering the proximity of site to the Simara Proponent: Surya Nepal Pvt. Ltd Consultant: SCEC JV NRAC 9 EIA of Residence Apartment for Managers of Surya Nepal Pvt. Ltd. (Phase II)

Airport (see Annex X). Projection of columns and beams in the room needs to be avoided or camouflaged as far as possible.

2.4.4 External Design Concept 1. The proposed building has to be commensurate with Building Architecture (Façade and massing) of phase 2. Cool and pleasant colors matching with the phase 1 are proposed which enhances the aesthetic appeal to the building. Suitable antifungal and weather resistance external paints for durability are required. Internal Design Concept: 1. One main staircase and one service staircase will be provided, both of which will act as emergency staircase and hence fire door will be provided at landing of each floor for both the staircases. All staircases should have handrails in both ends.

2. Each 2 BHK flat should have the same design of similar apartments of Phase I:  Master bed room with attached toilet and balcony, other bed room devoid of attached toilet and balcony. Bed rooms would be projected outside for better cross ventilation and lighting. Bed rooms will be provided with appropriate wood- work and mirror.  One living cum dining room  Kitchen and one utility room close to the kitchen  Store /Utility to have provision for washing machine

3. Each 3 BHK (1800 sq ft, 3BHK means 3 bed room, 1 hall and 1 kitchen) flat should ideally have the following:  Three bed rooms with attached toilet and balcony. Bed rooms would be positioned at corners with cross ventilation and lighting. Bed rooms will be provided with appropriate wood-work and mirror.  One living cum dining room  Kitchen and one utility room close to the kitchen  Store /Utility to have provision for washing machine Flooring Finishes: 1. Main staircase- RCC only 2. All other areas (Living, Dining, Bedrooms, Kitchen) -Vitrified tiles and common areas with granites 3. Balcony and Toilets: Anti-skid ceramic tiles 4. Toilets: Anti-skid ceramic tiles 5. Toilet wall cladding-Glazed tiles. 6. Utility, Store – Ceramic tile Flooring Kitchen: Modular kitchen with: 1. Chimney and Water purifier 2. Base units with worktop in granite. 3. One sink unit.

Proponent: Surya Nepal Pvt. Ltd Consultant: SCEC JV NRAC 10 EIA of Residence Apartment for Managers of Surya Nepal Pvt. Ltd. (Phase II)

Location of Air Inlets And Windows: The opening sizes will be designed to allow both proper day lighting and also ventilation for the interiors. 1. Wood work

 Main door – Teak door panel & teak wood door frame  Other interior doors – prefabricated door panels & salwood frames (of dimensions suiting the room)

2. Windows  Large windows in living room, in bedrooms (suiting the room). The windows must have security fencing, mesh screen and glazing with aluminum frames. The windows must be well protected against rainwater splash / ingress. Window openings grills made out of MS solid bars. Paint – 2 coats of anti-corrosive primer and 2 coats of enamel paint. Window to have wire mesh.  The window will be sliding type.  Aluminum ventilators with grills & louvers.

3. Internal sanitary fixtures (preferred vendor: Parry ware / Hind ware/Equivalent) in each restroom

 Vitreous white glazed European water closet wall mounted pattern having 'P' or 'S' trap outlet with necessary fittings  Vitreous white glazed counter sunk oval washbasin with necessary fittings.  Bathroom fittings will be ceramic type single level mixers  Electrical geyser  Quality mirror  Shower unit

2.4.5 Parking and Pathways: Car parking for Phase 2 has been already considered in phase 1 external to the buildings. Pedestrian paths and vehicular paths have to be demarcated for safety reasons and will be extended from phase1. Landscape Design: The surrounding areas of the building will have adequate shrubs, grasses & lawns to maximize the green areas. Irrigation facility will be provided utilizing STP (Micro bio film baffle reactor (MBBR) technology with ultra-filtration) treated water. Watering will be done manually in the garden. Lawn will be provided with metallic benches.

Services Design Services will be designed considering the following:  Conservation of Energy and Water  Eco-Friendly Systems  State-of-the-art Technology

Proponent: Surya Nepal Pvt. Ltd Consultant: SCEC JV NRAC 11 EIA of Residence Apartment for Managers of Surya Nepal Pvt. Ltd. (Phase II)

 Reliability  Operation and Maintenance Friendly

2.4.6 Wiring System: The system of wiring will consist of PVC insulated, FRLS copper conductor wires. ELCBs will be used in DBs as required for human safety. Electrical System for Individual Apartments: Following provisions will be made while designing electrical system for apartment rooms: -Each Apartment with one three-phase MCB/ELCB DB inside the flat at a selected location, considering aesthetics. Emergency Power Generation: DG in phase 1 meets the requirement of Phase 1. So, 100% lighting and all other facilities including AC needs to be catered with suitable DG with manual change over for phase 2. (Diesel Generator: Jakson Move 250 KVA X 2 Nos; Noise level <75 dc (A) as against Max 90 dB (A) as per standard; Emission meets Euro III or Bharat III; Solar PV will be evaluated as back-up power facility).

2.4.7 Fire & Life Safety and Ladder The phase 2 apartment will be provided with Fire extinguishers and fire hydrant system (Pumps and Sump considered) conforming to design TAC rules. The building will also have FDS. Integration of FDS and fire hydrant system will also be done. Further fire escape routes are mandatory for multi-story buildings. Hand held fire extinguishers are recommended as follows:  Water type extinguishers at all staircase landing at entrance  Carbon di-oxide type extinguishers in equipment room entrance  Dry chemical powder for car parking areas  Mechanical foam type extinguisher in fuel storage area The emergency escape ladder will be kept in each building. 2.4.8 Drinking Water and Rain Water Harvesting System The area is rich in water resource. Two Bore wells are required. One Bore well (300 feet x 8” NB) has already been drilled in phase 1 to meet water requirement of both phases. Another Bore well will be kept as standby; will be considered. Alternative line through municipality supply and water treatment system for phase 2 has already been taken into consideration in phase 1 design.  Underground storage tank of raw and treated water required for both phases have been provisioned in phase 1. However, overhead (FRP tank) for phase 2 water requirement needs to be considered. Water is being used from the rivulet running nearby. We are entrapping 200 KL of rain water. Nearly 50% being used and 50% allowed for percolation for ground water recharge. 30 KL is being recycled and reused in building for toilet flushing and gardening. Used water is recycled in STP and is used in gardening. All water is recycled and reused in the premises. SNPL has 57 acres of land and only 50% land is used. Natural percolation of water happens. We have piezoelectric (Well sounder) instruments for monitoring the ground water. Further, we do ground water check every five year through external expert and is derived that water discharge is less than water recharge hence aquifer is regenerating.

Proponent: Surya Nepal Pvt. Ltd Consultant: SCEC JV NRAC 12 EIA of Residence Apartment for Managers of Surya Nepal Pvt. Ltd. (Phase II)

2.4.9 Waste Water Management: Waste water emerging from phase 2 apartments needs to be treated in STP (MBBR technology with ultra-filtration). The reclaimed water will be used in garden and toilet flushing. There is no issue of drainage inside the compound. Just outside of the compound, the municipality drainage has been under construction. There is also facility for water pipe line outside the compound along the main road. This will also aid in the ground water recharge. There will also be greenery along the construction site, which also help in the water recharge. 30 KL is being recycled and reused in building for toilet flushing and gardening. Used water is recycled in STP and is used in gardening. All water is recycled and reused in the premises.

2.4.10 Solid Waste Management Depending upon the nature and origin of solid waste, it will be collected in separate bins distinguished by different colour. The separate buckets will be used after source segregation of waste. The colour as well as level has been given to the bucket as per nature and origin of the waste is given in table 5. Table 5 Type of Wastes and respective colour of bucket for segregation of waste Color of bucket Type/nature of waste

Green bucket Biodegradable waste

Blue bucket Non-metal (plastic, plastic bottles, papers, etc.)

Red bucket Metal waste (glassware, metal rods, )

Source: Project Report 2018

Waste bins are available @ housing site. They are segregated. Bio degradable waste are composted in vermin composting pit. Vermi compost reclaimed from pit is used in garden. The facility is available inside the housing /apartment compound at a distance of 30 meters. Generally bio-degradable and non-metal wastes are comparatively less-risky than metal waste. The solid waste management approach will be followed in the apartment as per the nature and type of waste. Bio-degradable waste: it includes mostly food waste, paper, garbage, small wood pieces. Non-metal waste: includes the plastic bags, wood, paper etc. Metal waste: it includes the glassware, metal rods, etc. Glass: It includes bottles and other products made from glass.

2.4.11 Water-Proofing: Restrooms, Balconies, terrace and water storage areas are to be waterproofed.

2.4.12 Security System: The facility is already equipped with compound walls. Security surveillance using CCTV camera and telephone facility required for phase 2 will be integrated with phase 1. Security block is already available in phase 1 near main entrance. 2.4.13 Communication: Broadband/Internet connectivity, telephone, EPBAX will be provided together with television cable.

Proponent: Surya Nepal Pvt. Ltd Consultant: SCEC JV NRAC 13 EIA of Residence Apartment for Managers of Surya Nepal Pvt. Ltd. (Phase II)

2.4.14 Premises Lighting: The facility will have the following based on cost benefit analysis.  LED /Sodium /Mercury Vapour street lights  LED/ Sodium /Mercury vapour compound lights  Open area lighting

2.5 Project Requirements 2.5.1 Land The project will be developed in the land with an area of 26947 sq. meter, owned by the Surya Nepal Pvt. Ltd. required site clearance works and earthworks will be carried out as per the drawings, specifications and instructions. Anti-termite treatment (1% active ingredient emulsion) will be carried out during pre-construction treatment which involves foundation treatment, backfill treatment, plinth level treatment and outer periphery treatment. The land entitlement certificate is enclosed in Annex III.

2.5.2 Machinery and Equipment/Technique Construction Material  Materials in Foundation and structural RCC: Cement, concrete, steel, sand, aggregates, bricks, stone, formwork plywood/timber.  Materials in civil works and finishing: bricks, stone, cement, sand, aggregate, marbles, tiles, paints, metal works, Sal wood frames, readymade shutters, aluminum windows, water proofing materials.  Stock piling will be done on readily accessible spaces and around the project building block. Basement could also be used for stock piling after its construction. If there is any land available nearby on rent, it will be used for stock piling.  Heavy equipment’s will be disassembled at source and transported on trucks. Wheeled heavy equipment will be brought on own drives. All the transportation activities will abide by the traffic rules/ regulation of the GoN. Permission will be obtained from the traffic for the night haulage of construction materials.

2.5.3 Human Resources Input  First phase (foundation and structure work): Number of workers from 70 to 330 based on nature of the work. Workers will be managed by the bidding contractors.  Second phase (civil and finishing work): Numbers of workers from 40 to 180 and more on subcomponent works like escalators works, air conditioning works, electric works, sanitary plant works, water treatment plant works, swimming pool, paraphernalia, fire- fighting equipment works etc.  Special attention to Safety occupational health safety through the provision of needed gears and Personal Protective Equipment (PPEs).  Health insurance will be provided to the construction workers.

2.5.4 Emergency Power Generation  100% lighting and all other facilities including AC needs to be catered with existing standby power (Diesel Generator: Jakson Move 250 KVA X 2 Nos; Noise level <75 dc

Proponent: Surya Nepal Pvt. Ltd Consultant: SCEC JV NRAC 14 EIA of Residence Apartment for Managers of Surya Nepal Pvt. Ltd. (Phase II)

(A) as against Max 90 dB (A) as per standard; Emission meets Euro III or Bharat III; Solar PV will be evaluated as back-up power facility)  There are no solar power; so two 250 KVA, 3 phase diesel generators are used for power back up. As country has already achieved the condition of load shedding free, use of diesel is very minimal. 20 Liters diesel used per day.

2.5.5 Electrical System  Each Apartment with one three-phase MCB/ELCB DB inside the flat at a selected location, considering aesthetics.  Power control center with AMF will be provided.  Low voltage cables: 1100 V grade, PVC insulated aluminum conductor, armored power cable will be provided. The cable will be laid in indoor trenches /cable trays as required.  MCB distribution boards: DBs will be suitable for single phase /three phase.  Switches /sockets: Multi pin flush type socket outlets controlled by flush type SP switches. 16 A or higher will be housed inside a metal box.  Exhaust fans of suitable size will be provided.  Luminaries / Lamps: All luminaries will be approved make fluorescent /CFL/ LED decorative type. The lighting layout will be aesthetically pleasing and taking into considering possible energy saving.  Earthing: TNS Earthing system with GI /CI pipe earth station conforming fully to IS 3043-1966 to 2.5 m long GI /CI pipe 450 x 450 mm.  Building to have lighting protection system.

2.5.6 Utilities requirement  Water Storage (Raw and treated underground tanks already considered in phase 1). Only overhead water tank to be made for water consumption of phase 2.  Deep tube well with the water treatment plant is already available in phase 1.  Utility area e.g. DG, fuel storage is already considered in phase 1)  Internal access road grid and drainage system (Phase 1 road & drainage to be extended)  Waste collection and disposal  Two lifts (One service lift and other normal lift) to be provided in the proposed apartment

2.5.7 Electricity Electricity requirement of phase 2 on HT and LT has already been considered in phase 1. All electrical equipment /switchgears are to be of approved make as per CEHS approved list. Design of DBs in phase 2 should also take into account the electrical loads from geyser, split air conditioning system one each per room, lighting and luminaries, fans and other appliances like fridge, micro wave oven, washing machine etc. 2.5.8 Power Distribution Suitable power distribution transformer with OLTC has been already designed in phase 1 considering phase 2 requirements. Main LT Panel/ nearby JB, cables will be laid and connected to the DB for the building. The DB will cater to the Entire Apartment Block’s Electrical loads. The DB will be provided with Molded Case Circuit Breakers (MCCBs). Provision has already been made in the main panel / DBs for the changeover of power source from grid to Distributed

Proponent: Surya Nepal Pvt. Ltd Consultant: SCEC JV NRAC 15 EIA of Residence Apartment for Managers of Surya Nepal Pvt. Ltd. (Phase II)

Generation (DG) and DG to grid in phase 1. The Ratings and no. of feeders in each DB will be worked out as per actual requirement. Adequate no. of spare feeders has already been provided in the panels/DBs as per norms of phase 1. Suitable energy metering arrangement should be provided for individual apartment and common facility. All electrical panels will be of approved vendors of ITC.

2.5.9 Construction Materials For the implementation of the project, different construction materials will be required during the construction period. The major construction materials required for Phase II are as follows:  Cement : 2000 MT (Metric ton) procured from Shivam Cement factory,  Sand: 3700 cubic meter from crusher  Aggregate: 3800 Cubic meter from Hetauda from crusher  Rebar: 600 MT of different diameters from Hama Iron factory  Admixture (Plasticizer): 9000 lits of CAC superflow from dealer from Kathmandu  AAC block: 26000 nos of 200 mm thickness and 1500 nos of 100 mm from Eco block factory, Jeetpur  Thin bed mortar: 1 MT from Eco block factory, Jeetpur  Brick : 2.5 Lacs nos from Chimney around area  Aluminium section : 35 MTfor windows from KB Sam aluminium factory, Jeetpur  Wood: 11 cubic meter from saw mill, Chitawan  Tiles/granites: Approximately 160 Tons sourced from Johnson tiles factory India through authorized agent based in Kathmandu.

2.5.10 Emergency Escape, earthquake safety The emergency escape, earthquake safety considered for project are given below:  Design in conformity with seismic zone V (Though Simara lies in Seismic zone IV, one step higher with additional cost impact to ensure human safety)  Provision of emergency and main staircase  Provision of emergency assembly point  Emergency evacuation procedure and emergency organization structure  Fire hydrant and smoke detectors to signal the fire hazard at its nascent stage  Smoke management system in case of fire  Provision of fire doors and fire separation to confine the propagation of fire from one zone to other  Aviation light at building top  Provision of lightning protection  Fire extinguisher and fire exit signage

Proponent: Surya Nepal Pvt. Ltd Consultant: SCEC JV NRAC 16 EIA of Residence Apartment for Managers of Surya Nepal Pvt. Ltd. (Phase II)

2.5.11 Stockpile site and Spoil Disposal The Stocks of different material will be maintained within project compound. There are sufficient area for buffering the stock pile required for construction. Similarly, following spoil disposal plan has been considered:

 Re bar/metallic waste will be sold to scrap vendor for recycle  Sand/aggregate waste will used as base material for road construction  Bricks/AAC blocks will be used as base materials for road  Tiles/granite waste will be buried within own project compound  Wood /shutter ply will be sold to scap vendor for using as fuel materials  Aluminium section waste will be sold to scrap vendor for recycling purpose  Thin bed mortar will have no waste  Admixture waste: No waste as automatic batching plant available within the site

2.6 Construction Period It is estimated that the construction of the project will be completed in within one year.

2.7 Project Cost The cost for Phase 1: NRs 42 Crs, Phase 2: Nrs 45.25 Crs and Club House Nrs 5.35 Crs (Total NRs 92.6 Crs excluding VAT @ 13%.

Proponent: Surya Nepal Pvt. Ltd Consultant: SCEC JV NRAC 17 EIA of Residence Apartment for Managers of Surya Nepal Pvt. Ltd. (Phase II)

CHAPTER III: METHODOLOGY FOR EIA STUDY

3.1. Literature Review Literature review is one of the important tasks of EIA study which includes collecting information about legal provision, practices and details of projects, project area information, and review of similar EIA reports. The secondary data required in EIA study was collect from the district and Municipality profile whereas the primary data related to the project was collect from the design and feasibility study of project. The following literatures related to EIA study for the proposed Residence Apartment for Managers of Surya Nepal Pvt. Ltd. were collected: a. Master plan study report of the proposed Residence Apartment. b. Architectural and detail design report of Residence Apartment. c. District and Municipality profile of Bara. d. CBS, 2011 e. Rules, regulations, legislations, guidelines, directives of GoN related to this project. f. Environmental Statistics of Nepal 2019 g. DHM Data

3.2 Impact Area Delineation The project’s zone of influence is defined on the basis of perceived direct and indirect impacts due to the project activities. The area where the project will be implemented, its adjacent land plots and adjacent built up structures is defined as the Direct Impact Area (DIA) whereas from 500 m radius from the centre of construction site is categorized as Indirect Impact Area (IIA), which is the general method of area delineation in similar studies. The project is perceived to have a significant level of influence areas as defined below. Table 6 Impact Delineation Area Zone of Influence Jeetpur Simara, Sub-metropolitan city, ward 2, Bara District Direct Impact Area (DIA) Project implementation site where the construction will be carried out Indirect Impact Area (IIA) Adjacent sites of the ward 2 of Jeetpur Simara within the radius of 500 m

3.3. Field Visit and Site Inspection The field visits were conducted in June 2018 for field survey, public consultation by multidisciplinary team of environmentalist, Socio-economist and biologist for collecting information on physical, biological and socio-economic and cultural environment of project site. The team of expert has been generated data regarding the physical, biological and socio-economic environment of direct and indirect zone of influence (ZoI) with the methodological approaches as given below;

3.3.1. Physical Environment The field visit team collected the site specific information on topography, geology, soil, drainage characteristic, rainfall, meteorological condition through direct inspection and consultation with local people. The information was collected delineating the direct impact zone of Building construction and operation activities.

3.3.2. Biological Environment The vegetation in the surrounding were observed through walkthrough in the project direct impact zone. The protected plant species in the direct and indirect zone of influence as per the IUCN red list, CITES appendices and GoN list species were enumerated through consultation with local people.

Wildlife bio-diversity at the local level was studied in the field using appropriate methods as required to unravel the linkages between wildlife habitats and proposal activities. The indicator wildlife and

Proponent: Surya Nepal Pvt. Ltd Consultant: SCEC JV NRAC 18 EIA of Residence Apartment for Managers of Surya Nepal Pvt. Ltd. (Phase II) threatened or endangered species (as per IUCN Red Book, CITES Appendices, and GoN list) in the area were identified through direct observation or in consultation with the local communities.

3.3.3. Socio-economic and Cultural Environment The information on socio-economic condition of the people of project affected area were collected through focus group discussion, informal public consultations, key informant survey at project vicinity using pre-design checklist, which included key socio-economic characteristics. The information about public institution and social infrastructure such as school, health post drinking water structure was collected from municipality office and public consultation. All sites of religious, cultural and historical importance within the directly zone of influence were visited and observed. The social, cultural and religious values and significance of these sites were noted through consultation with locals.

3.4. Impact Assessment (identification, Prediction and Evaluation) The identification and prediction of environmental impacts were based on the existing environmental condition of project site. The baseline environmental conditions of the project area from secondary (literature review) and primary (field survey and interaction with people) sources were evaluated in relation to construction and operation of the building.

Using the provisions as given in the National EIA Guidelines (NPC/IUCN, 1993), impacts have been predicted and quantified, wherever possible and then evaluated again by using the scoring systems. The nature of impacts have been evaluated in terms of type (direct or indirect); magnitude (high, medium, low); extent (regional, local, or site specific); and duration (short term, medium term or long term).

3.5. Public Hearing and Consultation In order to ensure the public involvement, hearing was conducted on 2076/02/22 at Jeetpur Simara sub-metropolitan city, ward 2 to discuss with the concerned people and institutions on possible impacts from implementation of the proposal. There were 45 participants (Annex VI & VII).

EIA team also carried out interaction with local communities and related stakeholders during field survey to collect the public concerns and suggestions. The suggestion and recommendation of the interaction have been incorporated in the EIA report.

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CHAPTER IV: EXISTING ENVIRONMENT CONDITIONS

Information on baseline conditions is essential for the evaluation of the impact of the development work in the project area. This Chapter describes the existing environmental conditions of the Project development district, Jeetpur Simara sub-metropolitan city, ward 2. The existing environmental condition described below are generated by assembling and evaluating all the data collected through the primary source i.e. field visit and secondary sources i.e. review of available topographic- maps, geological maps, Google images and literature etc.

4.1 PHYSICAL ENVIRONMENT OF THE AREA

4.1.1 Physiography and topography Physiographically, project is located in the northern extent of Indo-gangetic belt. Geographically, it is located at Terai region of the country. The project is about 96m above sea level.

Figure 5 Physiographic map (source: Department of Survey, GoN)

4.1.2 Geology and soil The project area is located in the geologically stable land which is composed of alluvial fan deposits. Alluvial fan deposits enriched with recent organic matters has made the soil very fertile for agricultural productivity. The subsurface geology contains of gravels and sand deposits at about 15m below the ground.

4.1.3 Climate Specific climatic data of the project influence area (municipality) is not available. However, the 8 years data from 2009 and 2016 recorded by nearest station at Simara Airport showed that the minimum temperature to be 80C whereas the maximum temperature is 420C. Similarly, the average temperate temperature was observed to be about 190C. The annual average rainfall analysed from 8 years station data (2009- 2016) is 2160.55 mm. Climatically, The project area falls on tropical climate. Proponent: Surya Nepal Pvt. Ltd Consultant: SCEC JV NRAC 20 EIA of Residence Apartment for Managers of Surya Nepal Pvt. Ltd. (Phase II)

Project Area

Figure 6 Geological Map of the Project Area (Source: Department of Mines and Geology)

4.1.4 Hydrology The GPS coordinates of this district is 27°2' N latitude and 85°00' E longitude. The natural resources of the district also include rivers and streams like Bakaiya, Jamuniya,Pasaha, Dudhaura and Bangari which are shown in Figure.

Project Area

Figure 7 Hydrological map of the project district

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4.1.5 Ground Water Resource Almost one half of the country’s population is living in the Terai and they depend solely on groundwater for their domestic water needs. Being a part of the larger Ganges basin and because of ample rainfall/snowmelt confluence, the Terai plain is in a good position with respect to renewable groundwater reserves, and has enough scope to expand its utilization. In the Terai, according to Kansakar (1996), 165 million cubic meter of ground water is extracted annually for domestic purpose where as about 520 million cubic meter is abstracted annually for irrigation while the annual recharge is estimated as 8,800 million cubic meter. The site specific data were not available however, comparing with the above literature and comparing the land use pattern of the project area which is mostly agricultural land, it is regarded that it has sufficient rechargeable zone for groundwater renewable.

4.1.6 Land Distribution and Natural Resources Total area of forest in Bara district is 45,981 ha and is divided into Community forest, Individual forest, Religious forest and National forest from where the people of the district uses their main fuel for energy, fuelwood. District also includes shrubs areas of 51 ha. People in the rural areas use agricultural residues and cattle waste for their energy end-use. The main cereal crops produced in Bara are paddy, maize, wheat, barley, millet, and variety of cash crops i.e. mustard oilseed, , sugarcane, etc are cultivated as winter seasonal, summer seasonal and non-seasonal (CBS, 2012). Some of the major land use area of district has been shown in Figure.

Figure 8 Land use and resources of Bara District (Department of Survey)

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4.1.7 Roads and Infrastructure Many municipalities of Bara district have access to road transportation. The East-West Mahendra highway passes through this district. Roads are both black topped are gravelled with distance of district from Kathmandu is 283.55 km. The project site is directly connected to the highway. The road network map of the district is as shown in Figure below.

Figure 9 Road network of Bara District

Figure 10 Road Network (Department of Survey)

4.1.8 Air Quality, Water Quality and Noise Levels There is no recorded data on air quality around the project area. Mounting of traffic congestion mainly in the main road and haphazard settlement has led to poor air quality in the city. Similarly, the re-construction of the highway has caused excessive dust related air pollution.

Due to the plain topography of the Terai and vegetation within the project compound, pollution level seems to be minimized. So, comparatively air quality in and around the project area is very pleasant compared outside where highway is present. Noise level around the project area seems to be within permissible level as it is located away from dense and populated area as well as away from highway which is 40 to 60 dB.

Proponent: Surya Nepal Pvt. Ltd Consultant: SCEC JV NRAC 23 EIA of Residence Apartment for Managers of Surya Nepal Pvt. Ltd. (Phase II)

The underground water was collected and its quality when tested showed potable type. The pH, total Chloride, Ammonia, Nitrite, Nitrate, Magnesium and Iron are within the Nepal Drinking Water Quality Standard as in Annex IX.

4.1.9 Cultural and Religious Sites The project area is devoid of any cultural and religious sites of local or historical importance. However the Jitpur Simara Sub-metropolitan has few: Gadimai Temple, Musarnimai Temple, Kali Temple & Krishna Temple.

4.1.10 Sewerage and Storm water drainage Facilities of concrete drainage systems are provided for drainage of sewerage and storm water in clustered residential and commercial area of the project influence area. But these drainages are not efficient is draining effluents as the pipes are clogged with waste and problems of stagnant water prevails. All the roads in the municipality have provisions of storm water drainage but their non- concrete nature, higher surface gradient etc. have result the formation of surface water pools during monsoon. Besides, encroachment of irrigation channels during construction of new buildings have also resulted the problem of storm water drainage in the municipality. Urban flooding in many parts of the municipality is the common problem in every monsoon.

4.1.11 Irrigation Canal Raj Kulo (which is dry) is at the distance of 20 meters from the project site There is no obstruction to the Raj Kulo. It is in its natural condition. The path of Raj Kulo is in natural condition, that will also not be obstructed and it will not overflow in the project sites.

4.2 Biological Environment The project site lies outside the national park, wildlife reserve, hunting reserve, officially recognized conservation area or any other locally recognized ecologically sensitive site. All the sides of the project site periphery are surrounded by roads. The nearest national park is which is about 30 km in aerial distance.

4.2.1 Vegetation The forest type in the project district is tropical with Sisoo forest. The project site is devoid of species of flora; however, the compound of Surya Nepal Pvt. Ltd. has many tree and herbs cultivated by the company long before. The local species of flora (including the cultivated species initiated activity by Surya Nepal Pvt. Ltd. to make the city look green) available in the ward no. 2 of the Jitpur Simara sub-metropolitan around project site are as follows.

Table 6 : Some Plants S. N. Common Scientific Name Habit 1 Aanp Mangifera indica Tree 2 Amba Psidium guajava Tree 3 Ashok Saraca asoca Tree 4 Bakaino Melia azedarach Tree 5 Ban Tulasi Ocimum gratissimum Herb 6 Bans Dendrocalamus giganteus Tall Herb 7 Bar Ficus benghalensis Tree 8 Bayer Ziziphus jujuba Tree 9 Bijaya Sal Pterocarpus marsupium Tree 10 Chhatiwan Alstonia scholaris Tree 11 Sal Shorea robusta Tree 12 Dumree Ficus racemosa Tree 13 Epilistic Leucaena leucocephala Tree

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S. N. Common Scientific Name Habit 14 Ginger Zingiber officinale Herb 15 Gulmohar Delonix regia Tree 16 Imeli Tamarindus indica Tree 17 Jamer Citrus jambhiri Tree 18 Jamun Syzygium cumini Tree 19 Kapur Cinnamomum camphora Tree 20 Karma (Moeri) Haldina cordifolia Tree 21 Katahar Artocarpus lacucha Tree 22 Khajur Chamaerops humilis Tree 23 Ghas Poa annua Herb 24 Koiralo Bauhinia variegata Tree 25 Masala Eucalyptus camaldulensis Tree 26 Nariwal Cocos nucifera Tree 27 Neem Azadirachta indica Tree 28 Negalo Drepanostachyum Herb intermedium 29 Pipal Ficus religiosa Tree 30 Rajbriksha Cassia fistula Tree 31 Sano Uniyu Pteris sp Herb 32 Rubber Ficus elastica Tree 33 Rudraksha Elaeocarpus serratus Tree 34 Satisal Dalbergia latifolia Tree 35 Sidh (Gamhar) Gmelina arborea Tree 36 Simal Bombax ceiba Tree 37 Siris Albezia lucidior Tree 38 Sisoo Dalbergia sissoo Tree 39 Uniyo Dryopteris sp Herb 40 Tadi Borassus flabellifer Tree 41 Tick Tectona grandis Tree 42 Utis Alnus nepalensis Tree 43 Bel Aegle marmelos Tree 44 Dhupi Juniperus indica Tree 45 Emli jhar Oxalis corniculata Herb 46 Gulaf Rosa hybrida Shrub 47 Khar Themeda villosa Herb 48 Kush Desmostachya bipinnata Herb 49 Phul kath Hydrangea heteromalla Herb 50 Umresho Thysanolaena latifolia Herb Source: Field survey (2018)

Among the plants mentioned above, followings have the conservation status as follows

Table 7: Conservation Status SN Scientific name Nepali Family GoN IUCN CITES Classification name 1 Bombax ceiba L. Simal Bombacaceae - LC - - 2 Shorea robusta Gaertn. Sal Dipterocarpaceae P LC - Species banned for export

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IUCN Threat Category: T: Threatened, E: Endangered, R: Rare, V: Vulnerable, LR/LC: Lower Risk/least concern; CITES Category: Appendix I, II, III (Classified according to the threat due to trade); Government of Nepal (GoN) Protection Category: P: Protected

Among plants Shorea robusta (Sal) is GoN protected while it and Bombax ceiba (Simal) fall under least concern in IUCN redlist.

4.2.2 Fauna Some faunal habitats are observed in project construction site due to near by trees and other plant species. The followings are species of fauna observed or noted from the consultation with local people:

Table 8: Some Fauna S. N Animal Scientific name 1 Ajingar Python molurus 2 Bakulla Bubulcus ibis 3 Ban khukura Gallus gallus 4 Bandar Maccaca multta 5 Bandel Soc scrofa 6 Bas kouwa Malurus splendens 7 Bhaguta Anura ranidae 8 Biralo Felis catus 9 Chetuwa Panthera pardus 10 Chheparo Sauria lacertidae 11 Dhanes Buceros bicornis 12 Dog Cannis familiaris 13 Goat Capra hircus 14 Koilee Cuculus sp. 15 Lato Kosero Tyto alba 16 Lokherke Rodentia sciurus 17 Malsapro Martes flavigula 18 Mouree Apis mellifera 19 Musa Ratus ratus Source: Field survey (2018)

Among them, Bandar (Macaca mulatta) falls in CITES Appendix II while Python molurus falls under Appendix I.

Fishes: As the rivers are far away from the DIA as well as IIA, no fishes have been reported nearby the project area.

4.3 Socio-Economic Environment Jeetpur Simara is a sub-metropolitan city in Bara District in Province No. 2 of Southern Nepal. Area: 309.7 km². Weather: 27°C, Wind E at 10 km/h, 85% Humidity Population: 114,185 (2011). Jeetpur Simara Sub-Metropolitan City is a recently established city in 2073 BS in Bara District of Narayani Zone in central Nepal by merging 5 new VDC’s (Inarwa, Amlekhgunj, , and ) to Gadhimai municipality which was established on 18 May 2014 by merging , Phattepur, Dumbarwana Jitpur Bhawanipur, Chhata Pipra VDC’s. The present population of this city is 114785 with a population growth rate of 2.25 per annum. It is surrounded by Nijgadh municipality, Kolvi municipality in the east, in the west, Makawanpur District in the north and Kalaiya sub-metropolitan city in the south. It covers major portion of Pathlaiya- industrial corridor.

Proponent: Surya Nepal Pvt. Ltd Consultant: SCEC JV NRAC 26 EIA of Residence Apartment for Managers of Surya Nepal Pvt. Ltd. (Phase II)

Due to the high immigration rate, the population of this city has increased tremendously which in return has increased the waste generation rate of this city. Because of lack of data on waste generation and composition, this city has not been able to formulate effective plans to properly manage collection, transportation and disposal of MSW. Only the commercial waste generated in Jeetpur market area is being collected but the collected wastes are also not properly disposed. They are collected and simply thrown at the bank of the river. Some of the wastes which can be reused or recycled are collected by waste pickers and sold to the scrap dealers. This haphazard throwing of the waste at the bank of river has caused water pollution, bad odour and nuisance, loss in aesthetic value and serious environmental and health hazards. So, characterization and quantification of solid waste is necessary for formulation of proper plans and policies for sustainable solid waste management in this city. The per capita waste generation rate of Jeetpur Simara Sub-Metropolitan City is found 120 g/day. The quantity of waste generation is calculated to be 15 tons/day which includes 13.8 tons/day wastes from household, 0.9 tons/ day from commercial and 0.3 tons/day from institutional sector.( Characterization and Quantification of Municipal Solid Waste in Jeetpur Simara Sub- Metropolitan City, Nepal, Bikash Adhikari, 2017).

4.3.1 Demographic Structure The population trend line is as shown in Figure 2.3. According to the census of 2011, out of the total population of 687,708; 351,244 were male and 336,464 were female. Total number of household is 108,635 and average household size is 6.33 on the basis of usual place of residence. Sex ratio (No. of male per 100 female populations) is 104.4 and population density 578 per km2. The main languages spoken in Bara are Bhojpuri, , Maithili and Nepali.

Figure 11 :Population growth trend in Bara (CBS, 2011)

4.3.2 Caste and Ethnic Group The project influence district is heterogeneous in terms of caste and ethnic composition, comprising of more than 70 caste and ethnic groups. The majorities of the population in the project influence area belong to Muslim (13.1%), followed by Yadav (10.5%) and Tharu (10.5%) respectively. Similarly, Kanu, Ram, Braman-Hill, Teli, Tamang and Kurmi are other major ethnic groups in the project District. The detail of the ethnicity of people living in the project influence district is presented in the table below:

Table 9 :Caste/Ethnicity of Bara District Percentage Ethnicity / Caste Total (%) Musalman 89,834 13.1 Yadav 72,253 10.5 Tharu 71,993 10.5 Kanu 33,030 4.8

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Percentage Ethnicity / Caste Total (%) Koiri/Kushwaha 30,644 4.5 Chamar/Harijan/Ram 30,170 4.4 Brahman – Hill 29,692 4.3 Teli 28,338 4.1 Tamang 27,809 4.0 Kurmi 27,067 3.9 Dusadh/Pasawan/Pasi 20,974 3.0 Kalwar 20,271 2.9 Dhanuk 19,875 2.9 Chhetree 18,872 2.7 Bin 11,197 1.6 Kumhar 10,585 1.5 Musahar 9,639 1.4 Nuniya 9,374 1.4 Dhobi 8,136 1.2 jam/Thakur 8,122 1.2 Sonar 7,300 1.1 Lohar 7,246 1.1 Magar 6,758 1.0 Tatma/Tatwa 6,355 0.9 Other 82174 11.9 Total 687,708 100 Source: CBS, 2011

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4.3.3 Mother Tongue There are more than 40 different languages spoken by the people of Bara District, majorities of which speak Nepali (30.6%) followed by (17.0%) and Bhojpuri (3.2%). , Tharu, etc are other languages used by the people of the project area. The following table shows the scenario of variety of languages spoken as mother tongue by the people in the project influence Bara District. Table 10: Mother Tongue of Bara District Mother tongue Population Percentage (%) Nepali 210,440 30.6 Hindi 116,685 17.0 Bhojpuri 21,830 3.2 Urdu 6,597 1.0 Tharu 6,503 0.9 Others 1876 0.3 Total 687,708 100.0 Source: CBS, 2011

4.3.4 Religion In the project area, majority of the people practice Hindu (81.7%), Buddhist (4.5%) and Islam (13.0%), Christianity (0.2%) as their religion.

Table 11: Population by Religion in the Project Development Districts Religion Population Percentage (%) Hindu 562081 81.7% Buddhist 31142 4.5% Islam 89686 13.0% Christian 1621 0.2% Kirati 1290 0.2% Others 1888 0.3% Total 687708 100.0% Source: CBS, 2011

4.3.5 Education and Literacy About 52.0% populations of project area are literate. The ratio of literacy population male is (62.79%) and female is (40.67%).

Table 12: Literacy Status of Bara District Population who Literacy not Literacy Gender Can read & Can't read & stated Rate (%) write Can read only write Both Sex 316551 18345 273830 494 52 Male 195448 9270 106556 190 62.79 Female 121103 9075 167274 304 40.67 Source: CBS, 2011

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4.3.6 Institutions Health Bara district has a district hospital, along with 4 Public Health Care Centers, 11 Health Posts, 83 Sub-Health Posts, 297 Public Health Care outreach clinics, 492 Expanded Programme on Immunization clinics, 884 Female Community Health Volunteers, and 2 private sectors. Despite of a number of challenges in the health sector, health service seeking behavior has gradually increased, maternal and neonatal mortality rates have decreased and coverage by immunization and safe motherhood services have improved (CBS, 2012).

Communication Most rural/urban municipalities in Bara have one or more communications options: landline, CDMA, GSM mobile or V-SAT telephones. The district has easy access to various national daily and television. Landline connections also provide internet access to government offices and NGOs located in district. Mobile phones have also become a good source of internet recently. Most people have a mobile phone equipped with one or more SIM-cards. The district has few FM stations and local newspapers which publish from district headquarter (CBS, 2012).

Energy The major source of energy in the district is fuel wood and electricity. Agriculture residue and cattle dung (briquette) are also used in rural areas for cooking purpose and kerosene for lighting where there is less access to LPG and electricity. LPG are used for cooking purpose in urban areas while electricity for lighting purposes. The use of LPG is considerably high and BSP has launched several projects for the instalment of biogas plants which have made the accessibility of energy a lot simpler and easier (CBS, 2011).

4.3.7 Usually Active and Inactive Population As per the census of 2011, 30.63% of the total population is economically active population. Agriculture is the major occupation in the project district. However, significantly high percentage of people is engaged in general work as skilled and semi-skilled manpower in small industries, agriculture and miscellaneous sectors. Besides that, business and services are also the important sector of economy in the project district.

Table 13: Usually Active and Inactive Populations Male Female Status Population Percentage (%) Population Percentage (%) Economically Active 156866 44.66 53741 15.98 Economically Inactive 194378 55.34 282,723 84.02 Total 351,244 100 336,464 100 Source: CBS, 2011

4.3.8 Drinking water and sanitation Majority of population (88.58%) in the project influence district are facilitated drinking water system. But water supply is not sufficient enough to fulfill the water demand of the people of the project area. Only 19.06% population people are facilitated form Sanitation coverage. The water quality report is enclosed in Annex IX of this document.

Table 14: Drinking water and sanitation Drinking Water Supply Sanitation Coverage Population Percentage Population Percentage

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416668 88.58 132251 19.06 Source: (NDWSO) 2011

4.3.9 Industries around the Project Site Simara is industrial area. There are many industries in Simara. The North of the Construction site has Surya Nepal Cigratte Factory and away from it is Jagdamba Steels Pvt. Ltd. On Eastern Part is the airport. On South, there is Shalimar Cement P. Ltd. and Unitech Cement Pvt. Ltd. There are no factories on West part.

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CHAPTER V: RELEVANT POLICIES, LEGISLATIONS, GUIDELINES AND STANDARDS

Government of Nepal has adopted various plans, policies, acts, guidelines and standards to ensure the maximum protection of the environment while carrying out the development activities. The different plans, policies, acts, guidelines and standards related to the implementation of the proposed project are described below:

5.1 Constitution Constitution of Nepal The constitution of Nepal focuses on raising the standards of living of the general public. The constitution asserts that; The State shall pursue a policy of raising the standards of living of the general public through the development of infrastructures such as education, health, housing and employment of the people of all regions, by equitably distributing investment of economic investment for the balanced development of the country.

5.2 Plan, Policies and Strategies

Fifteen Plan (2076/77-2080/81) Environmental problems identified by the Fifteenth Plan Approach paper include: imbalance between infrastructure development and environment; lack of coordination among three tiers of government, industries, research organizations, and other stakeholders; and increase in air, noise, water, and land pollution due to weak implementation capability. One of the main objectives of 15thPlan is to maintain balance between physical infrastructure development and natural environment. The Plan’s strategy to achieve such balance is to make environmental impact assessment (EIA) and impact minimization inseparable part of infrastructure development. The implementation policy is to make guidelines for EIA broad and practical. The Plan also aims to make EIA approval process simple and transparent. The Plan also proposes to set aside specific percentage of budget for the minimization of adverse environmental impacts in EIA reports itself.

National Land Policy, 2071 BS The ministry of land reform and management launched this policy to ensure the optimum use of land and fragmentation and aims to encourage optimal use of land for agriculture. The policy also talks of adopting land pooling concept to acquire land for development projects. Since, the BGR is using the private land; this project does not attract the objective of the policy.

National Urban Policy, 2064 BS The National Urban Policy came with an objective to promote healthy, liveable, safe, and economically vibrant urban environment though planned provision of infrastructure services, facilities and amenities, which ensure improved quality of life of urban people.

National Climate Change Policy, 2076 BS This policy includes climate adaptation and disaster risk reduction; low carbon development and climate resilience; access to financial resources and utilization; capacity building, peoples’ participation and empowerment; study, research, technology transfer, climate friendly natural resources management and institutional set up with legal provisions, and importance of monitoring and evaluation.

National Plan of Action for Safer Building Construction, 2072 BS The overall objective of the National Plan of Action for Safer Building Construction (SBC) in Nepal is develop a common conceptual and strategic framework that helps to identify the necessary inputs and actions for contributing to safer urban/semi-urban building constructions against time and Proponent: Surya Nepal Pvt. Ltd Consultant: SCEC JV NRAC 32 EIA of Residence Apartment for Managers of Surya Nepal Pvt. Ltd. (Phase II) resources. There are 10 Main goals which are streamlined and 16 Strategies are adopted to accompany these goals.

Main Goals of National Plan of Action for Safer Building Construction (SBC) are:

 Immediate Response to Recent Disaster  Policies and Regulation  Codes and Guidelines (Drafting and Revision)  Risk Sensitive Land Use Planning and Building Bye Laws  Capacity Building  Physical Facility Support  Awareness, Education and Demand creation  Internalization, adaptation and Enforcement  Monitoring and Evaluation  Retrofitting

National Urban Water Supply and Sanitation Sector Policy, 2065 BS The goal of the National Urban Water Supply and Sanitation Policy is to ensure the socio‐economic development, improved health status and quality of life of urban populations, including the poor and marginalised, through the provision of sustainable water supply and sanitation services and protection of the environment. The Policy recognizes that the scope of urban water and sanitation services extends beyond fulfilling the basic human needs, which aims towards achieving improved quality of life through providing safe, reliable, adequate and enhanced services to the consumers. Compatible infrastructure, appropriate institutional setup, rationalized cost recovery, favourable financing environment, enhanced people’s participation and their role in decision making and appropriate partnership with the private sector are recognized as core elements towards achieving these objectives in a sustainable manner. The policy also aims to adopt measures to safeguard the environment and emphasizes achieving a balance with other competing uses of water through adoption of demand and discharge management measure.

Labour and Employment Policy, 2062 BS The long-term goal of the Labour and Employment Policy 2062 is to provide productive, non- discriminatory, exploitation-free, decent, safe and healthy work opportunities for citizens of the working ages by building an environment of friendly investments, in addition to building and managing a labour market that contributes to the national economy so that it can compete at the global level.

Nepal Environmental Policy and Action Plan (NEPAP) 2049 BS Under the auspices of the National Planning Commission, the Nepal Environmental Policy and Action Plan (NEPAP) have been prepared. The NEPAP is part of government's continuing efforts to incorporate environmental concerns into the country's development process. It reviews current government policy on the environment; formulates new policy, where it is needed; and suggests an action agenda to address environmental problems. The NEPAP has also been prepared in response to the growing global awareness about the importance of maintaining a balance between economic development and environmental conservation, which culminated in the United Nations Conference on Environment and Development in 1992. The NEPAP document indicated infrastructure projects have the potential for imposing significant environmental costs if they are not properly designed and implemented. It has also suggested that the use of Environment Impact Assessment (EIA) that can help identify adverse environmental impacts and propose remedial actions. NEPAP also emphasized greater involvement of local people as prerequisite for improving design and implementation.

Proponent: Surya Nepal Pvt. Ltd Consultant: SCEC JV NRAC 33 EIA of Residence Apartment for Managers of Surya Nepal Pvt. Ltd. (Phase II)

National Environment Policy, 2076 BS This policy has proposed to punish with a fine up to NRs. 5 -10-50 Lakh for the implementation of any proposal without approval of the 'brief environmental study', Initial Environmental Examination (IEE) and Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) reports or any act contrary to these approved reports. The concerned agency shall issue directives to comply with the approved reports and the agency shall punish 3 times of the above provisions for any act contrary to the directive issued. This punishment is 50 times more than the existing provision of the Environment Protection Act (EPA), 1996

5.3 Acts Environment Protection Act 2076 BS In section 2 of the EPA, 2076 has calls for carrying out IEE or EIA for the prescribed proposals. In sub section 13 of section 2 said Act prohibits the proponents not to execute the projects without approving IEE/EIA reports. In section 3 said about the pollution control, section 4 said about the climate change managemet.in section 6 about the penalty and compensations.

Consumer Protection Act 2075 BS Consumer protection act 2075 is the legal provisions relating to consumer protection in order to protect and promote constitutional rights of the consumers to obtain quality goods and services, to provide judicial remedy for the enforcement of the rights obtained by the consumers, and provide compensation for harm and injury likely to be caused to the consumers.

Town Development Act 2045 BS The act empowers town development committee to regulate, control or to prohibit any act or activity that has an adverse impact on public health or the aesthetic of the town, or in any condition pollutes the environment. Permission of the Municipality will be taken for the construction works for the complex.

Building Act 2055 BS The Building Act was enacted to make necessary provisions for the regulation of building construction works in order to protect building against earthquake, fire and other natural calamities, to the extent possible. Section-3 of the act lays the ground for Formation of Building Construction Management Upgrading (Consolidation) Committee under the chairmanship of Secretary of MOPPWTM. The committee consists of nine members. Section-4 enlists the power, duties and responsibilities of the committee and they include: To regulate building construction works in order to minimize the possible loss to buildings from earthquake, fire and other natural calamities; To inquire into whether approval of designs has been made in consonance with the standards set forth in the building code; To make recommendation to the Nepal Quality Assurance Council to determine the quality of native or foreign materials related with building construction. Section 8 classifies the building and a building with plinth area of more than one thousand square feet, with more than three floors including the ground floor or with structural span of more than 4.5 meters is classified to be the building of Category "B". Section 10 of the act makes it obligatory to construct the building by following the Building Code. Section 11 has the provisions relating to Design and Approval of design/map of building while Section 12 Prohibits on approving Design/Map contrary to standards. Section 13 of the act has the provision about the supervision of the building construction whereas section 14 has the provision of punishment against the perpetrators and the punishment include the stoppage of construction works and even the demolition of part or whole of the building.

The chapter 3 on prevention and control of pollutions of the EPR spells about prohibition to emit waste in contravention of the prescribed standards (Rule 15) prescribed by the Ministry by a notification publication in the Gazette. These provisions will followed by the proponent.

Proponent: Surya Nepal Pvt. Ltd Consultant: SCEC JV NRAC 34 EIA of Residence Apartment for Managers of Surya Nepal Pvt. Ltd. (Phase II)

Local Government Operation Act, 2074 BS This Act states the role of local bodies (Municipalities and Gaupalikas) in Nepal. The jurisdiction, roles and responsibilities of personnel appointed in local bodies are clearly mentioned in this Act. Local government has the following authorities as described in Chapter 3 under the heading “Local Business Management, Environment Conservation and Biological Diversification (12-19)”:  To prepare policy, law, standards and planning for the conservation of environment and biodiversity and its implementation, monitoring and compliance.  To mitigate the environmental impact at the local level.  To control, monitor and compliance of environment polluting and hazardous substances at the local level.  To maintain cleanliness and solid waste management at the local level.  To consider low carbon emitting and environment friendly development.  To conserve and promote greenery area at the local level.  To delineate and manage environment conservation area at the local level.  Other work related to environment conservation and biological diversification

Labour Act, 2074 BS This act is enforced in order to provide welfare ,rights and security to labor. This act also clarify the rights and responsibility of labor. Without contract no one can make labor to work. If any contract to labor is less than it is indicated in Labor act 2074 BS then it is against the act and contract will be canceled. For construction worker according to labor act 2074 following provisions should be followed: The required instrument machine and materials should be provided in adequate amount. Construction of labor camp near the project site and provide all facility required Security within construction site and labor site.

Solid Waste Management Act 2068 BS The SWMA clearly envisaged about management of solid waste and provision of licensing for management. In such case, the article (7) on discharge of solid waste entails about the person, organization that produces hazardous waste or chemical waste shall have to manage such waste as prescribed (sub article 2). It is restricted that nobody shall do or cause to do the work relating to the solid waste management without obtaining license from the Local Body as prescribed by article 13 of chapter, miscellaneous sub article 1.

Child labor (Prohibition and Regulation) Act 2056 BS The Child Labor (Prohibition and Regulation) Act, 2056 is enacted and enforced adopting ILO Convention concerning Elimination of Worst Forms of Child Labor and Minimum Age Convention. This Act has defined the ‘Child’ as a person who has not achieved the age of 16 years. Article 3 bans the employing a child below the age of 14 to work as a laborer and engaging a child in the hazardous and risky works listed in the Schedule of the Act. The proponent is mandatory to follow the Child Labor (Prohibition and Regulation) Act, 2056 (2000) during the project implementation phase. The contractor may use child labor during construction period. Hence, the contractor was instructed to follow the Child Labor (Prohibition and Regulation) Act, 2056 (2000).

Companies Act, 2063 BS and amendments, 2073 BS An Act made to amend and consolidate the law relating to companies; Preamble: Whereas, it is expedient to amend and consolidate the law relating to companies in order to bring about dynamism in the economic development of the country by promoting investment in the industry, trade and business sectors through economic liberalization and make the incorporation, operation and administration of companies much easier, simpler and more transparent; Incorporation of Company: (1) Any person desirous of undertaking any enterprise with profit motive may, either singly or jointly with others, incorporate a company for the attainment of one or more objectives set forth in the

Proponent: Surya Nepal Pvt. Ltd Consultant: SCEC JV NRAC 35 EIA of Residence Apartment for Managers of Surya Nepal Pvt. Ltd. (Phase II) memorandum of association. (2) There will be a minimum of seven promoters for the incorporation of a public company. Provided, however, that seven promoters shall not be required for the incorporation of another public company by any public company. (3) Notwithstanding anything contained elsewhere in this Section, a company not distributing profits may, subject to the provisions contained in Chapter-19, be incorporated for the attainment of one or more objectives.

5.4 Rules /Regulations Environmental Protection Rules 2077 BS Schedule 1 under Rule 3 of the EPR listed out the criteria of the development proposal that fits in to conduct Pre IEE report prior to the implementation. Further forest sector of the schedule 2 also mandate to conduct IEE study and approval as per the rule provisions for the removal of plants and vegetation from forestland less than 5 ha. Schedule 3 of EPR has presented the criteria of project for which EIA is required to have the construction license. As the report was submitted before the start of EPR 2077; format for the EIA and IEE report is presented in Rule 5 and 6 of the EPR. 2054. Environmental Protection Rules 2054 BS Schedule 1 under Rule 3 of the EPR listed out the criteria of the development proposal that fits in to conduct IEE report prior to the implementation. Further forest sector of the schedule 1 also mandate to conduct IEE study and approval as per the rule provisions for the removal of plants and vegetation from forestland less than 5 ha. Schedule 2 of EPR has presented the criteria of project for which EIA is required to have the construction license. The format for the EIA and IEE report is presented in Rule 5 and 6 of the EPR. Solid Waste Management Regulation 2070 BS Government of Nepal, Ministry of Federal Affairs and General Administration (MoFAGA) has enacted Solid Waste Management Regulation 2070 as per the power conferred by the section 50 of Solid Waste Management Act 2068. Rule three of the regulation has the provision about the segregation and management of solid wastes. The rule legal obliges to segregate the hazardous and chemical wastes while segregating the degradable and non-degradable waste at source. Sub-rule 2 of Rule three requires the waste producing body to manage the chemical and hazardous waste by the producers themselves. Rule 5 requires that the hazardous, chemical, degradable and non-degradable waste should not be mixed together, that collection, deposition and handling of such wastes should be carefully done. Rule 4 of the act mentions about the role of local government in disposal of solid waste. Rule 24 has the provision that local authority can direct the waste producers to adopt the measures and techniques for reduction the waste at source, to adopt the certain method for minimizing the waste, to pay the fee in due time and sub-rule 3 of rule 24 obliges the waste producers to follow such direction. Rule 25 of the regulation has the provision for monitoring of such matters. 5.5 GUIDELINES National EIA Guidelines 2050 BS To address environmental impact assessment as envisaged by NCS, 1987, National Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) Guidelines were endorsed by Government of Nepal on 27 September 1992 and gazetted on 19 July in 1993, Volume 43, Number 5. The guideline provides criteria for project screening and initial environmental examination (IEE). This also includes scoping, preparation of terms of reference for EIA, methods of EIA report, impact identification and prediction, impact mitigation measures, review of the draft EIA report, impact monitoring, evaluation of impact studies, impact auditing, community participation and schedules and annexes to IEE and EIA.

5.6 STANDARDS National Building Code 2060 B.S The national building code of Nepal was endorsed in Government building after cabinet decision in 2060/4/12. The code was endorsed in all municipalities, districts head quarter RMs and urbanising RMs in the country. The code deals primarily with the matters relating to the strength of the building

Proponent: Surya Nepal Pvt. Ltd Consultant: SCEC JV NRAC 36 EIA of Residence Apartment for Managers of Surya Nepal Pvt. Ltd. (Phase II) sites considerations safety during construction and fire hazards, construction materials, electrical designs etc. Air Emission Limits for Imported Generator into Ambient Air, 2069 BS These standards prescribed for diesel fuelled vehicles primarily based on parameters such as carbon monoxide, hydrocarbon, and oxides of nitrogen and particulate matters. It adopts EURO III Standard to be followed for New Diesels Generator and Euro II for Existing Generator. The generators used during project construction will follow these standards. National Ambient Air Quality Standard, 2069 BS The National Ambient Air Quality Standards, 2012 enforced by GoN has set quality standards for seven parameters: TSP, PM10, sulphur dioxide, nitrogen oxide, carbon monoxide, lead and benzene for the maintenance of the ambient air quality. The project during its construction and operation will have to comply with the set standards for the ambient air quality. National Diesel Generators Emissions Standard, 2069 BS The then MoFE introduced in October 2012 the National Diesel Generator Emission Standard (NDGES) for new and in-use diesel generators with a capacity of 8 kW-560 kW. In doing so they followed the Indian standards for construction equipment rather than for diesel generators. Hence the Nepal emission standards for new and in-use diesel generators are less stringent than in India. The emissions standards set for new diesel generator imports is equivalent to Bharat Stage III standards and, for in-use diesel generators, is equivalent to Bharat Stage II. National Drinking Water Quality Standard, 2063 BS Nepal's Drinking Water Quality Standards came into force in Nepal after its publication in Ministry of Physical Planning and Works, Nepal Gazette (B.S. 2063/03/12). The standards provide the maximum concentration limits of fifteen physical parameters, ten chemical parameters and two micro germs for drinking purpose. National Noise Standard, 2069 BS The National Noise Standard 2012 that came into effect as per the rule 15 of Nepal Government Environmental Protection Regulation 1997 that requires effective monitoring and collection of Day- time and Night-time noise level permitted limits as in the following table. Table 0.1 National Noise Level Standards for Nepal (table no.) Area Permitted Noise Level (leg dBA) Day time Night time Industrial Area 75 70 Commercial Area 65 55 Rural Residential Area 45 40 Urban Residential Area 55 50 Mix Residential Area 63 55 Protected Area 50 40

Table 0.2 Maximum Noise Level Permission by Residential Equipment Equipment Max. Noise Level Water pump 65 Diesel Generator 90 Entertainment Equipment 70

Nepal Vehicle Mass Emission Standard, 2069 BS Compliance to Type I to Type V tests for vehicles fuelled with gasoline and diesel while importing vehicles for a project. Occupational Health and Safety Management System- OHSAS 18001:2007 OHSAS 1800:2007 Occupational Health and Safety Management Certification is an international standard which provides a framework to identify, control and decrease the risks associated with health and safety within the workplace. Implementing the standard will send a clear signal to your stakeholders that you view employee’s health and safety as a priority within your organization.

Proponent: Surya Nepal Pvt. Ltd Consultant: SCEC JV NRAC 37 EIA of Residence Apartment for Managers of Surya Nepal Pvt. Ltd. (Phase II)

Tolerance Limits for Generic Industrial Effluent Standards Discharged into Public Sewers and Inland Surface Water, 2060 BS It has set tolerance limits for the industrial effluents to be discharged into the inland surface water. Since the project is considered as an industry, it will have to comply with the tolerance limits the standard prior to the discharge of the effluents into the inland surface water during the construction and operation period.

5.7 INTERNATIONAL CONVENTIONS AND TREATIES Convention on Biological Diversity 1992 AD The objectives of this Convention, to be pursued in accordance with its relevant provisions, are the conservation of biological diversity, the sustainable use of its components and the fair and equitable sharing of the benefits arising out of the utilization of genetic resources, including by appropriate access to genetic resources and by appropriate transfer of relevant technologies, taking into account all rights over those resources and to technologies, and by appropriate funding. Under the Article 14 of the convention, each contracting party should introduce appropriate procedures requiring environmental impact assessment of its proposed projects that are likely to have significant adverse effects on biological diversity with a view to avoiding or minimizing such effects and, where appropriate, allow for public participation in such procedures.

Proponent: Surya Nepal Pvt. Ltd Consultant: SCEC JV NRAC 38 EIA of Residence Apartment for Managers of Surya Nepal Pvt. Ltd. (Phase II)

CHAPTER VI: IMPACT OF THE IMPLEMENTATION OF THE PROJECT ON THE ENVIRONMENT

The identification and prediction of impacts has been made by the study team giving due consideration to the proposed actions/activities during operation stages. Both beneficial and adverse impacts have been analysed. The environmental impacts are evaluated on the basis of guidelines given in the National EIA guidelines (1993), based on the magnitude, extent and duration of the impact. Experts’ judgements and experiences from the similar projects have been adopted for the qualification of the impacts. If an impact lasts up to 3 years it is termed as short term (ST). If an impact continues for 3 to 20 years, it is termed as medium term (MT) and if it lasts beyond 20 years as considered as long term (LT). The impact which will occurs inside the project is termed as site specific (SS) and which goes up to ward level is termed as local (L) and which goes up to more than two VDCs is termed as regional (R). Similarly the impact which is irreversible is termed as high (H), which is in partly recoverable in long run is termed as moderate (M) and which is reversible is termed as low (L). The impact which has direct effect is termed as direct (D) and which has indirect effect is termed as indirect (I).

For the impact evaluation the matrix method with numerical ranking is used for the quantitative ranking of the predicted impacts. The numerical scale mentioned in the National EIA Guidelines (1993) has been adopted for this study. The numerical scale is presented in table below.

Table 18: Impact Evaluation Matrix Magnitude Extent Duration High (H) 60 Regional (R) 60 Long term (LT) 20 Moderate (M) 20 Local (L) 20 Medium term (MT) 10 Low (L) 10 Site Specific (SS) 10 Short Term (ST) 5

The combined score up to 44 is termed as insignificant impact (IS); 45-74 termed as significant impact (MS) and beyond 75-99 is termed as very significant impact (VS) and 100 and more is termed as highly significant.

6.1 Beneficial Impact 6.1.1 Construction Phase Employment opportunity to locals During the construction period the project requires 180 human resource that include skilled (30), semi-skilled (30) as well as unskilled (120) human resource . Likewise, the project has a policy to provide maximum local employment opportunities depending upon their skills and trainings specific to construction works. The priority beneficiaries will be the interested locals of nearby settlement from the project vicinity area. Hence, the project intends to generate the work for different skilled and unskilled manpower during construction phase, which seems to attract the locals for the employment and thus the employment opportunity will be high. The envisaged impact is high, local and medium term.

Skill and knowledge development to locals The project development involves different types of competent manpower like architect, engineers, sub-engineers, painters, carpenters, sanitary fixers, welders, electrician etc. It can be a better opportunity for them to develop skills and to learn new technologies and hence it seeks special

Proponent: Surya Nepal Pvt. Ltd Consultant: SCEC JV NRAC 39 EIA of Residence Apartment for Managers of Surya Nepal Pvt. Ltd. (Phase II) opportunity to enhance their skill and acquire more experiences. These human resources get chances to enhance their capability in their respective field of expertise. Use of latest amenities in proposed project also aware the workers about technological advancement in their sector. This will be positive nodes to the employees for their future works. The envisaged impact is high, local and long term.

6.1.2 Operation Phase Increase in cash flow in the project area There will be increase in number of families (25 families in Phase II) after the operation of the proposed project. The dwellers will go to market for shopping and other economic activities. The envisaged impact is high, local and long term. Boost in local economy The Project operation will increase the daily activities of the local people. The demand of local goods, markets, food and other basic requirement certainly increases at the project site. The large number of population especially staff and their family will significantly increases the economic transaction in and around the vicinity, which will attract people to migrate around the area. This will lead to urbanization of the area and will improve the socio – economic status of the local people. The envisaged impact is high, local and long term. Employment opportunity to locals For the operation of the project, Numbers of staff are required to regulate building. This will provide the opportunities to some human resources (about 10-20). The project generates opportunity for plumbers, welders, electrical technicians, management staffs, security guards, cleaners etc. in a long run. Furthermore, the time to time maintenance of the ancillaries’ parts in the building creates short term jobs for the technicians. The envisaged impact is high, local and long term.

Cultural exchange The operation of the project will increase the flow of people in the project area. Because of the people belong to different origin and culture, there is possibility to exchange the cultures among themselves during different times of year. The envisaged impact is low, local and long term. Increase in land and property value in project areas The value of land and property depends upon the level of urbanization, infrastructure and the facility accessibility. After the project operation the land value in the project area is predicted to go up rapidly with the increase in economic activities in the area. This will benefit the local people and help to improve their socio economic status. The envisaged impact is medium, local and long term.

6.2 Adverse Impact 6.2.1 Physical Environment 6.2.1.1 Construction Stage

Change in land use The construction of the project will bring change in the existing land use of the area. The land use change impacts are permanent as well as temporary. The permanent land use conversion will be due to the construction of building, park and health club. Likewise, the storage of construction materials and muck from excavation process may change the land temporarily but will be reversed to previous state. The envisaged impacts are low, site specific and long term.

Proponent: Surya Nepal Pvt. Ltd Consultant: SCEC JV NRAC 40 EIA of Residence Apartment for Managers of Surya Nepal Pvt. Ltd. (Phase II)

Air, water and soil Pollution During the construction phase, there will be increase in air, water and soil pollution. Use of transportation vehicles during the construction period will have certain increase in the air pollution. Likewise, excavation works, wastes generated by the construction workforce will increase the water and soil pollution. Besides, the temporary toilets of construction workers have potential to pollute nearby shallow aquifers with faecal contamination. The envisaged impact is characterized as moderate, local and short term.

Noise pollution Machineries used during construction activities, vehicles carrying construction materials and operation of power supply and drilling equipment causes noise pollution in the project area. Increased noise levels in the project areas have potential to cause discomfort due to interference in oral communication and disturbance in sleep. The construction activities include: Operation of DG sets, concreting and mixing Excavation for foundations with driller (if used); Conversation of construction workers. Batching plant and vehicle movement. The envisaged impact is characterized as moderate, site specific and short term.

Spoil disposal related impact Heavy equipment are available and the contractors will make use of heavy equipment for dismantling the batching plant and site office. As all equipment belong to the contractor, they will take the same hence no spoil will remain. The spoil generated during the construction period will raise the impacts of waste management problems which will temporarily burden the project environment. The spoil and muck disposed during these activities will be managed within the project premises. The envisaged impact is characterized as low, site specific and short term.

Stock piling of construction materials The stockpiling of construction materials during the construction stage may lead air and water pollution. The materials will be kept within the project premises with in a small hut. However, the sand, stones etc. used for the construction stage will be kept in open space. The envisaged impact is characterized as low, site specific and short term.

Water quantity/quality related impacts Water requirements will be fulfilled through ground water, during the construction stage. The total water requirement during the construction phase will be supplied by ground water extraction. Besides, temporary toilet practiced by the construction workers if unmanaged could have potential of ground water and surface water pollution. The envisaged impact is characterized as low, site specific and short term.

Top soil management impacts As the project construction site is a gentle land, there is no significant impact regarding the top soil management. But the changes in relief and slope of the land during large scale construction have potential to top soil degradation during rainy season. The storage and management of top soil is not a great problem but during the rainy season, heavy rain may erode and take away the top soil. The envisaged impact is characterized as low, site specific and short term.

Proponent: Surya Nepal Pvt. Ltd Consultant: SCEC JV NRAC 41 EIA of Residence Apartment for Managers of Surya Nepal Pvt. Ltd. (Phase II)

Drainage management impacts The construction site is a flat land. Due to change in land use through the construction of new facilities for building faces difficulty in drainage management. Drain system is in place and the same leads to Royal Rivulet running through SNPL land. The envisaged impact is characterized as low, site specific and long term.

Traffic obstruction impacts Road and traffic problems increase as there is increase in the flow of vehicles. During the construction phase there will be more numbers of vehicles crossing the road than the current situation. As the proposed project is located on side of the Tribhuvan Highway of Nepal, this may lead road and traffic obstruction. The envisaged impact is characterized as low, site specific and short term.

Impacts related to health and safety During construction, temporary settlements and toilet facilities are needed for the construction workers. Solid and liquid wastes resulted from these settlements have the potential to disrupt onsite sanitation. Similarly, frequent visit of construction workers near water resources for washing clothes, bathing and other activities will create pressure in local water and even challenge the health and safety status. Besides, health and safety impacts of construction workers are also important parameters of concern during construction activities. The envisaged impact is characterized as low, site specific and short term.

Waste management impacts The solid waste is also generated by the construction works. The Solid waste per day is 15 kgs and liquid waste is 30 litres, while there will be 6 numbers of toilets are built for them. Two camps will be outside the project site (On hired premises).

The building will properly manage the liquid, solid and gaseous wastes. For the management of solid waste source segregation will be practiced, the segregated waste will be managed by 3 R principles. The organic waste will be managed properly and composting will be done, the compost will be used in garden and distributed in the community. The final waste which can't be treated within the premises will be handed over the Jitpur Simara sub-Metropolitan city for the ultimate management of wastes.

6.2.1.2 Operation Stage Impacts of solid, semi-solid and liquid wastes Various types of wastes are generated during the operation of the project. Degradable wastes are generated in higher percentage which includes food waste, black water and grey water. These degradable wastes could also be solid, semi-solid and liquid wastes. Due to the ill management of these wastes and local dumping, bad smell to local people, shallow aquifer pollution and diseases can be caused. Therefore, the disposal of solid, semi-solid and liquid wastes is of major concern. The envisaged impact is characterized as moderate, site specific and long term.

Indoor Air pollution The poor air quality within and around the building affect the health, comfort and well beings of the building occupants. Indoor Air Quality can be affected by gases (including carbon monoxide, second hand smoke, volatile organic compounds), particulates, microbial contaminants (mold, bacteria), or any mass or energy stressor that can induce adverse health conditions. The envisaged impacts is direct in nature with high magnitude, site specific and long term.

Proponent: Surya Nepal Pvt. Ltd Consultant: SCEC JV NRAC 42 EIA of Residence Apartment for Managers of Surya Nepal Pvt. Ltd. (Phase II)

Water quality and quantity related impacts There will be the flow of dwellers and guest after the operation of the building which will require large amount of water. And this requirement will be fulfilled by the extraction of ground water. But the extraction of water in high rate would certainly affect the ground water level. Besides, the effluent released will also be high which is comparatively difficult to manage. If the management of such black and grey water from the processes is not properly addressed, it will have potential to affect the ground water quality. The magnitude of the impact will be low, the extent will be site specific and the duration will be long term.

Higher energy requirements impacts The project will be connected to electricity grid for fulfil energy requirements. But generators will be used during the load shedding hours to supply power for various processes. The use of energy sources by dwellers. The envisaged impact is low, site specific and long term in nature.

Fire hazard There is a possibility of fire hazard in the project area. This may be due to electricity short-circuit or due to the negligence. The envisaged impact is medium, site specific and short term.

Air, water, noise, soil pollution Air pollution during the operation phase is mainly due to transportation vehicles and generators. Similarly, water pollution and soil pollution may be due to ineffective management of solid and semi-solid and liquid wastes. The envisaged impact is high, local and long term.

Traffic congestion, obstruction The dwellers will have their own private transportation. Though not significant, it will increase traffic volume in the area. The traffic obstruction at Jeetpur-Simara road junction will have some obstruction which will be managed.

Drainage management The drainage from the toilet and kitchen waste water will have significant impact. As those wastes are directly discharged to the municipal waste water system, the envisaged impact is low, site specific and short term. Emergency assembly point and procedure available. They are given basic training. The facility is equipped with fire detection and alarm system. Public address system is available. Emergency evacuation procedure is available.

Disaster management related impacts The probability of occurring natural and artificial disaster couldn’t be ignored. Disasters like earthquake, fire, etc. are important aspects considered in the project. There are possibilities of fire hazard in the project. This may be due to electricity short-circuit or due to the negligence of the guests. These hazards preventing and controlling measures if not applied by the project, it may cause various social and environmental problems. The envisaged impact is low, site specific and long term.

Shading effect The project on implementation obstructs sunlight to the peripheral agricultural land and the effect is permanent in nature. Construction of the apartment could alter the climatic requirements of the crops to be harvested like sunlight, wind, rainfall etc. This effect in long run can change the microclimate of the area and therefore alters the productivity even though in lesser extent. The envisaged impact is medium, site specific and long term.

6.2.2 Biological Environment 6.2.2.1 Construction Phase & Operational Phase Proponent: Surya Nepal Pvt. Ltd Consultant: SCEC JV NRAC 43 EIA of Residence Apartment for Managers of Surya Nepal Pvt. Ltd. (Phase II)

As the project area is a grass land, the beauty of that area decreases due to construction activities. The envisaged impact is low, site specific and short term.

6.2.3 Socio-economic and cultural environment 6.2.3.1 Construction Phase Conflict and dispute There can be the impacts of conflict, disputes and demands during the pre-construction phase. The locals may put forward their demands of local development and community management. The envisaged impact is low, site specific and short term.

Ethnic conflict of local with workers The human resources for the construction of the proposed project may be from the different place following different ethnicity which can cause ethnic conflicts among construction workers and locals. People or groups of other ethnicity may intrude their own values and practices against the local norms and values. This has the potential to create ethnic conflicts among the groups. The envisaged impact is low, site specific and long term.

Haphazard market growth Along with the project construction, there is a possibility of haphazard market growth around the project area. The pressure is felt mainly in the areas close to the project construction sites. The envisaged impact is low, site specific and long term.

Health and sanitation in and around project sites During the construction phase, the project area will have numerous workers. Improper management of drinking water facilities and sanitation of the workers may create disputes among the locals and the project workers. The envisaged impact is moderate, site specific and short term.

Pressure on utilities, infrastructures With the influx of large numbers of labours and other workforce during construction stage, there will be pressure in local resources especially local water supply tube wells, and other infrastructures like shops, hotels, hospitals etc. The envisaged impact is low, site specific and short term.

Occupational health and safety of workers During the construction of the proposed project, there will be increase in air and water pollution. The labours working continuously in the dusty place can have the acute respiratory problems. Likewise, the negligence of workers during the construction period gives rise to occupational health hazards. During the construction period helmets, gloves, standard ropes wires etc. are must be used. Recklessness in the project construction activities may also result the damage of health and even the life of the worker. Operation of various machineries and some risky activities might also have potential of accidents. The envisaged impact is moderate, site specific and short term.

Trespassing, nuisance to nearby and surrounding community of construction site Breaking moral and social laws especially by lower workers, intruding in others private lifestyle and irritating other by their personal activities are also common impacts nearby construction sites. Therefore, the impact envisaged is moderate, site-specific and short term in nature.

6.2.3.2 Operational Phase Occupational safety and health hazards The operation of the project requires several human resources. While working in the Building, there will be the chance of fire and other occupational diseases. Hence, this will raise the impacts related to the occupational health and safety. The envisaged impact is low, site specific and long term. Proponent: Surya Nepal Pvt. Ltd Consultant: SCEC JV NRAC 44 EIA of Residence Apartment for Managers of Surya Nepal Pvt. Ltd. (Phase II)

Pressure on existing infrastructure The increase in number of people in the project area will increase the pressure on the existing resources and the infrastructures of the project area. The envisaged impact is medium, site specific and medium term.

Health and sanitation related impacts in and around the Residence Apartment Though the apartment treats the waste water and the solid waste generated, but due to generation of the higher amount of the waste can cause the water clogging in the drainage system. This will cause the growth of flies and diseases. This will affect the health of the people residing near the apartment complex. The envisaged impact is medium, site specific and short term.

Haphazard market growth Along with the project operation, there is a possibility of haphazard market growth around the project area focusing the guests of the project. The pressure is felt mainly in the areas close to the project sites. The envisaged impact is medium, site specific and long term.

Impacts related to safety and security Impacts of the safety and security will also be raised due to the dense population of the area. There will be chance of increasing crime, theft and robbery. Likewise, there is chance of having injuries to the guests in the apartment. The envisaged impact is medium, site specific and medium term.

In flow of different people with multi ethnicity, culture, religion Influx of people from varied ethnicity and geographical religion visiting the project will have effect on the local culture, law and order of the community. These pressures are felt in areas close to the project site. The envisaged impact is moderate, site specific and long term.

Changes in pattern of economic activities The pattern of the economic activities of the people residing near the Residence Apartment can also be changed. There will be chance of increasing the restaurant; shopping centres etc. and the people can change their occupation according to the need. The envisaged impact is medium, site specific and medium term.

Grievances management Along with the project operation the locals of the area may have complain on different activities of the project. This may include the complaints on pollution, social activities, conflicts among the locals etc. The envisaged impact is low, site specific and long term.

The above impacts are of two types i.e. identified and predicted. These impacts have been evaluated to know their environmental significance taking into consideration the location of the project, direct or indirect nature, reversibility and irreversibility of the impacts, and more importantly the national policy, law and guidelines. Furthermore, they have been grouped into identified and predicted impacts for easy understandings. In general direct impacts are identified, and indirect impacts predicted. The significance of the impacts has been evaluated using the symbols Very significant (+ +), significant (+), and insignificant (-).

Impacts having total score of over 70 are considered very significant; impacts having 40- 70 score are considered significant, and impacts having total score less than 40 are considered insignificant for Apartment for Managers of Surya Nepal Pvt.

Proponent: Surya Nepal Pvt. Ltd Consultant: SCEC JV NRAC 45 EIA of Residence Apartment for Managers of Surya Nepal Pvt. Ltd. (Phase II)

Table 19: Evaluation of the beneficial impact of Residence Apartment for Managers of Surya Nepal Pvt. Project Nature of Impacts Significance of Impacts Activity Type Magnitude Extent Duration Impact Beneficial Impact Employment opportunity to locals Very D H (60) L (20) MT (10) Significant Skill and knowledge development to Very locals D H (60) L (20) LT (20) Significant

Construction Construction Phase Phase Increase in cash flow in the project Highly D H (60) L (20) LT (20) area Significant Highly Boost in local economy D H(60) L(20) LT(20) significant Highly Employment opportunity to locals IN H (60) L(20) LT(20) Significant Cultural exchange between locals IN L (10) L (20) LT (20) Significant and dwellers Increase in land and property value D M (20) L (20) LT (20) Significant Operation Phase Phase Operation in project areas

Table 30: Evaluation and prediction of the Adverse Impacts

S.N Environmental Impacts Impacts Significance

Direct / / Direct Indirect Extent Duration Magnitude Impact Impact Physical Environment A. Construction Phase A.1 Adverse Impacts A.1. SS LT L (40) Change in land use Change in land use pattern D 1 (10) (20) (10) Insignificant A.1. Increased air, water and L ST M (45) Air, water and soil Pollution D 2 soil pollution (20) (5) (20) Significant A.1. SS ST M (35) Noise pollution Increased noise level D 3 (10) (5) (20) Insignificant A.1. Increased burden of spoil SS ST L (25) Spoil disposal related impacts D 4 management (10) (5) (10) Insignificant Erosion and sedimentation A.1. Stock piling of construction and air, water and land SS ST L (25) D 5 materials pollution from piled up (10) (5) (10) Insignificant construction materials A.1. Water quantity/quality related Decrease of ground water SS ST L (25) D 6 impacts quantity and quality (10) (5) (10) Insignificant Energy shortage both A.1. SS ST L (25) High energy consumption hydroelectricity and D 7 (10) (5) (10) Insignificant petroleum A.1. SS ST L (25) Top soil management impact Erosion of top soil I 8 (10) (5) (10) Insignificant A.1. SS LT L (40) Drainage management impacts Water logging problem D 9 (10) (20) (10) Insignificant A.1. Increased number of SS ST L (25) Traffic obstruction impacts D 10 vehicles in the road (10) (5) (10) Insignificant

Proponent: Surya Nepal Pvt. Ltd Consultant: SCEC JV NRAC 46 EIA of Residence Apartment for Managers of Surya Nepal Pvt. Ltd. (Phase II)

S.N Environmental Impacts Impacts Significance

Direct / / Direct Indirect Extent Duration Magnitude Impact Impact Problems regarding occupational safety and A.1. Impacts related health and SS ST L (25) health of workers, ill D 11 safety (10) (5) (10) Insignificant sanitation in and around the construction site Water, air and land A.1. SS LT M (50) Waste management impacts pollution, disease I 12 (10) (20) (20) Insignificant outbreak

B. Operation Stage B.1 Adverse Impacts B.1. Impacts of solid, semi-solid Water, air and land SS LT M (50) D 1 and liquid wastes pollution (10) (20) (20) Significant B.1. Poor air quality inside the SS(1 LT( H(6 (90) Very Indoor Air Pollution D 2 building 0) 20) 0) Significant Loss of groundwater, B.1. Water quantity and quality SS LT L (40) degradation of water D 3 related impacts (10) (20) (40) Insignificant quality B.1. Higher energy requirements Increased electricity and SS LT L (40) D 4 impacts petroleum demands (10) (20) (10) Insignificant B.1. SS ST( M (35) Fire Hazard Injury to employees D 5 (10) 5) (20) Insignificant B.1. Increased air, water and L LT M (60) Air, water and soil pollution D 6 soil pollution (20) (20) (20) Significant Increased vehicles in the B.1. Traffic congestion and SS LT L (40) road, increase probability D 7 obstruction (10) (20) (10) Insignificant of road accidents B.1. Shallow aquifer SS ST L (35) Drainage Management D 8 deterioration (10) (5) (10) Insignificant Loss of structures, lives, B.1. SS LT L (40) Disaster management impacts property, socio-economic D 9 (10) (20) (10) Insignificant crisis B.1. Change in microclimate, SS LT L (40) Shading effect D 10 loss of productivity (10) (20) (10) Insignificant Biological Environment A Construction Phase A.1 Adverse Impacts A.1. SS ST L (25) Loss of grass land Decrease in local beauty I 1 (10) (5) (10) Insignificant Socio-economic and cultural Environment A. Construction Phase A.1 Adverse Impacts A.1. Difficulties in project SS ST L (25) Conflicts and disputes I 1 operation (10) (5) (10) Insignificant A.1. Ethnic conflicts with local Difficulties in project SS LT L (40) I 2 workers operation (10) (20) (10) Insignificant A.1. Pressure on environment S LT L (40) Haphazard market growth I 3 and utilities (10) (20) (10) Insignificant A.1. Health and sanitation in and SS ST M (35) Increase in the diseases D 4 around project site (10) (5) (20) Insignificant Proponent: Surya Nepal Pvt. Ltd Consultant: SCEC JV NRAC 47 EIA of Residence Apartment for Managers of Surya Nepal Pvt. Ltd. (Phase II)

A.1. Pressure on utilities, SS ST L (25) Scarcity of resources D 5 infrastructures (10) (5) (10) Insignificant A.1. Occupational health and safety Increase of diseases and SS ST M (35) D 6 of workers accidents (10) (5) (20) Insignificant Trespassing, nuisance to A.1. nearby and surrounding Change in the local SS ST M (35) I 7 community of construction site environment (10) (5) (20) Insignificant including A.1. Disputes among locals SS LT M (35) Grievances management D 8 and project (10) (20) (20) Insignificant B Operation Phase B.1 Adverse Impacts B.1. Occupational safety and health Increased in diseases and SS LT L (40) I 1 hazards safety (10) (20) (10) Insignificant B.1. SS LT M (50) Undesirable migration Pressure on resources I 2 (10) (20) (20) Significant B.1. Change in social behavior, Difficulties to maintain SS LT M (50) I 3 increase in ill social activities law and order (10) (20) (20) Significant Health and sanitation impacts Spreading of diseases due B.1. SS ST M (35) in and around the proposed to solid waste D 4 (10) (5) (20) Insignificant apartment management problems B.1. SS LT M (50) Haphazard market growth D 5 (10) (20) (20) Significant B.1. Impacts related to safety and SS MT M (40) Injury to guests, locals D 6 security (10) (10) (20) Insignificant Inflow of different people with B.1. Loss of tribal cultures and SS LT M (50) multi-ethnicity, culture, D 7 styles (10) (20) (20) Significant religion B.1. Change in pattern of economic More dependent on SS MT M (40) I 8 activities other’s goods and services (10) (10) (20) Insignificant B.1. Complains on project SS LT L (40) Grievances management D 9 activities (10) (20) (10) Insignificant

Proponent: Surya Nepal Pvt. Ltd Consultant: SCEC JV NRAC 48 EIA of Residence Apartment for Managers of Surya Nepal Pvt. Ltd. (Phase II)

CHAPTER VII: Alternative Analysis for the implementation of the proposal

The assessment of the alternative analysis of the proposal is evaluated based on the considerations of the following impacts: No action option Project alternatives Project location Alternative design and construction approach Alternative schedule and process Alternative resources

7.1 No Action Option Surya Nepal Pvt. Ltd. situated at Simara was set up in 1986 and makes cigarettes of various brand to cater to domestic market. Since its inception, in a span of 28 years, the factory has multiplied many folds in terms of volume, infrastructure and human resources. The infrastructure also includes modern housing facility “Surya Niwas” for non-management cadre housing 149 families. The managerial strength has also grown over a period and the number of young managers is in the increase as the unit has already completed 28 years. Managers residing in the vicinity with their family have always felt a need for housing facility in the absence of good living condition around Simara. Managers coming from outside especially with family prefer to live in a known society for security reasons. To provide basic housing facility to the new incumbents of managerial staff and to their family the residential apartment has been envisaged. This will definitely help to retain the young talents in Simara.

7.2 Project Alternatives The project is targeted to facilitate managers and their family in a properly managed facilities and security which is difficult to provide through small scale hotels and lodges. Also, large number of small scale structures and facilities requires large resources than a single one. Therefore, alternative of this project is not explored.

7.3 Project Location The location of the project is found suitable for operating the proposal of the kind. The project is easily accessible by inland and on air transport. The project is near Tribhuvan highway and near the Simara airport. Environmentally, the project is located in the sound environment with peaceful area with no any clustered on the vicinity of the project.

7.4 Alternative Design and Construction Approach The proposed project has to be constructed in designated areas, so there is not much room for spacious planning. Hence the design is prepared analysing constrains of the available land resources. However the site drainage has been maintained. The site will not be affected by the flood. The construction approach selected is labour based approach with minimum utilization of the machine power. The approach is considered beneficial as it provides maximum job opportunity to the local residing in the project area.

7.5 Alternative Schedule and Process The construction activities will be both during day and night as per requirement without disturbing the surrounding communities. Low polluting and low noise making machineries will be prioritized for the project. The construction materials will be sourced from the Nepalese market through mutual understanding of the project staffs and the local businessman. Considering the environmental factors, no quarry activities will be performed for the extraction of construction materials.

Proponent: Surya Nepal Pvt. Ltd Consultant: SCEC JV NRAC 49 EIA of Residence Apartment for Managers of Surya Nepal Pvt. Ltd. (Phase II)

CHAPTER VIII: MATTERS CONCERNING THE PREVENTION OF THE IMPACT OF THE IMPLEMENTATION OF THE PROPOSAL ON THE ENVIRONMENT

Chapter VII has identified the impacts of the proposed Residence Apartment for Managers of Surya Nepal Pvt. Ltd project and evaluates the impacts in without mitigation scenario. This section of the report has prescribed the practical and cost effective mitigation measures to minimize and compensate the effects of adverse impacts to acceptable level. The project proponent ensures to implement these measures during the construction and operation of the project. To avoid descriptive repetition the measures have been presented in tabular form against the envisaged impacts along with the required cost estimations.

8.1 Physical Environment 8.1.1 Construction Phase  Change in land use The construction of the building in the grass land will definitely change the current land use pattern. It will have the permanent effect of land use change. However, the plantation in the project site will also add the beauty in the project outside. For the loss of grassland, there will be greenery maintenance within the project site.  Solid waste Management The generated solid waste around the project site can be managed by the following ways:  Generated wastes will be segregated  Solid wastes will be reused  Scraps to be sold  Biodegradable will be disposed with municipal waste  Air, water and soil pollution During the construction of the apartment, there will be the problems of dust and air pollution. Regular sprinkling of water in the construction sites can minimize the dust problems. Likewise, the water and soil pollution will be minimized by the waste management system.  Noise pollution The construction works creates noises which cannot be mitigated. But the construction work that generates the noise will be prohibited in the night time zone.  Spoil disposal related impacts The residues of the construction materials will raise the spoil management impacts. The spoil generated will be piled at the certain place and later they will be compacted so that they cannot be scattered at places. Wastes generated from the construction activities like plastic, metallic and plastic drums, bottles, and other degradable if managed improperly causes waste management problems. These wastes may be dumped around the vicinity of the road, settlement area and agriculture land. Therefore, the envisaged impact is characterized as moderate, site specific and long term. The waste generated will be as followed: Waste per day = 15 kgs per apartment phase 1; Waste per day = 12 kgs per apartment phase 2; Per flat 0.5 kg per flat per day  Stock piling of construction materials The pile of the construction materials that are placed at barren land which is in East side of the factory, place will be covered by the plastics and tripal so that the materials would not be dispersed by wind and would not have the problems of erosion and sedimentation.  Water quantity/quality related impacts The ground water extraction will be done as less as possible so that it would not deplete the ground water levels. Likewise, the greenery will be maintained and protected so that the surface water will percolated to the ground water through them. Besides, the water recharge zone will be conserved. Proponent: Surya Nepal Pvt. Ltd Consultant: SCEC JV NRAC 50 EIA of Residence Apartment for Managers of Surya Nepal Pvt. Ltd. (Phase II)

Water is being used from the rivulet running nearby. Entrapping 200 KL of rain water by the company. Nearly 50% being used and 50% allowed for percolation for ground water recharge. 30 KL is being recycled and reused in building for toilet flushing and gardening. Used water is recycled in STP and is used in gardening. All water is recycled and reused in the premises. SNPL has 57 acres of land and only 50% land is used. Natural percolation of water happens. We have piezoelectric (Well sounder) instruments for monitoring the ground water. Further, we do ground water check every five year through external expert and is derived that water discharge is less than water recharge hence aquifer is regenerating.  Top soil management impacts 2000 cub meter soil will be excavated. All excavated soil being used as land fill up with compound of the apartment. As 6 lane roads (Tribhuvan Highway) are being built up at higher level than ours land, we hence use to fill up the apartment area land to do away with rain water accumulation.  Traffic obstruction impacts During the construction phase, there will be increase in the vehicles which transports the construction materials to the project site which will create the traffic obstruction impacts. This will be minimized by the use of experience drivers and traffic rules and signs. There will be parking space for the managers living in the apartments and also for the visitors. Likewise, the safety signs will be installed around the construction site.  Impacts related to health and safety Considering the health and safety of the workers, personal protection equipments such as helmets, masks, gloves etc will be distributed to every worker.

8.1.2 Operation stage  Impacts of solid, semi-solid and liquid wastes For the management of the solid waste generated, training of waste management system will be provided to the staffs, different dustbins will be used for degradable and non-degradable wastes and the wasted collected will be transferred to municipal waste collection system. Similarly, for the management of the sewage, all the soil water and waste water will catch at manhole located near duct inside the building and then the soil water will be drained to septic tank and soak pit whereas, the waste water will be drained to waste water treatment plant and the effluent after the treatment will be disposed through appropriate size of pipe to nearby drainage. Solid waste per day = 15 kgs and liquid waste = 30 liters, 6 numbers of toilets are built for them. Two camps are there outside the project site (On hired premises). Heavy equipment are available and the contractors will make use of heavy equipment for dismantling the batching plant and site office. As all equipment belong to the contractor, they will take the same hence no spoil will remained. Currently, this project is providing waste to municipality (50%). Bio degradable waste like vegetable peel off , food etc. are being converted to vermi compost using the pit available for the purpose.

 Indoor air Pollution Source control and ventilation are important components of a robust Indoor Air Quality plan in residents through the maintenance of indoor ventilation, application of air purifier and maintaining appropriate air change hours for the rooms. In order to control air conditions within the selected zone in the room by the supply air and allow stratification of heat and contaminants in other room areas, the zoning strategy is to be followed for the supply of fresh air. Fresh air requirements for naturally ventilated spaces are treated differently. To keep carbon dioxide (CO2) levels to less than an average 1,000 ppm during the day a ventilation rate of 10 l/s/person is typically adopted .

Proponent: Surya Nepal Pvt. Ltd Consultant: SCEC JV NRAC 51 EIA of Residence Apartment for Managers of Surya Nepal Pvt. Ltd. (Phase II)

 Water quality and quantity related impacts For the recharge of the ground water, there will be plantation of trees and the open space will be maintained for the recharge of the ground water. Similarly, to reduce the excessive water use, the appliances that require less water such as less water flushing cistern in toilet will be used. Likewise, there will be reuse of water like reusing water in gardens. The rainwater harvesting system will also recharge the underground water. Less pavement and more greenery open space will help in increasing the recharge the water table.

 Higher energy requirements impacts After the operation of the apartments of Phase II, there will be increase in energy demand which will be fulfilled by the installation of DG sets for lightning and heating.

 Fire hazard The short circuit of the electric wires can cause the fire hazard. So, there will be installation of fire alarms and emergency exit. Likewise, fire extinguisher will be placed at different places of the building.

 Water demand and supply related impacts Very wise use of water has been done so that waste can be minimized. Water once used will be reused where ever possible. Similarly, rain water harvesting technique will be used to so that the pressure on ground water can be reduced. Moreover, artificial aquifer recharge technique will be adopted by constructing the recharge pit which will ultimately enhance the ground water recharge.

 Air, water, noise, soil pollution Vehicles used in the Phase II will be kept in good condition so that vehicular pollution can be reduced. Generators which contribute to both air and noise pollution will be selected considering its efficiency and environment friendly design. This will not only reduce the pollution but also contribute to reduction in excess fuel consumption. Waste water treatment facility will be adopted within the apartment premises by adopting appropriate technique to reduce the contribution of building for water pollution.

 Traffic congestion, obstruction The operation of building will aid to the increase in vehicles will create the traffic obstruction impacts. The traffic signs will be installed around the entry point of the apartment. Likewise, the safety measures, sign boards will also be installed. The training to the in-house drivers will also be given so that the vehicles of the apartment would not increase the traffic obstruction.

 Drainage management The sewage generated will be collected at the septic that will later be treated by the sewage treatment system. Then only it would be drained through appropriate size of pipe to nearby drainage system. The drainage of the Rajkulo will not be disturbed and its natural flow will be maintained.

 Disaster management related impacts The building will be constructed on the principle of earthquake resistant building so that the earthquake has minimal impact on it. The design is in conformity with seismic zone V (Though

Proponent: Surya Nepal Pvt. Ltd Consultant: SCEC JV NRAC 52 EIA of Residence Apartment for Managers of Surya Nepal Pvt. Ltd. (Phase II)

Simara lies in Seismic zone IV, one step higher with additional cost impact to ensure human safety). Likewise, provisions of eemergency and main staircase; provision of emergency assembly point; emergency evacuation procedure and emergency organization structure; fire hydrant and smoke detectors to signal the fire hazard at its nascent stage; smoke management system in case of fire; provision of fire doors and fire separation to confine the propagation of fire from one zone to other; aviation light at building top; provision of lightning protection and fire extinguisher as well as fire exit signage.

 Shading effect The shading effect caused by the construction of proposed is permanent and lacks mitigation measures.

8.2 Biological Environment 8.2.1 Construction Phase  Loss of productivity The local productivity of the land is temporarily lost during the construction activity. There are no any prominent mitigation measures but the effect of construction to nearby plots should be decreased.

8.2.2 Operational Phase  Permanent loss of agricultural productivity The local productivity of the land is permanently loss due to the operation of the project. The loss cannot be mitigated by using any mitigation measures.

8.3 Socio-economic Environment 8.3.1 Construction Phase  Conflict and dispute At the pre-construction stage, conflicts and dispute can be raised. The conflict and disputes will be settled by compensating the local land owners according to current market price.

 Ethnic conflict of local with workers The workers having the different ethnicity than the local people will strictly be told to respect the local caste and religion so that the ethnic conflict can be minimized.

 Haphazard market growth The locals will be discouraged to increase the markets around the construction sites. The locals will be made aware about the disadvantages of the haphazard market so that the haphazard market growth will be minimized.

 Health and sanitation in and around project sites There will be construction of toilets around the construction sites so that the sanitation of the environment will be managed. Likewise, the staffs and labours will be aware and trained about the management of the wastes.  Occupational health and safety of workers Considering the health and safety of the workers, personal protection equipments such as helmets, masks, gloves etc will be distributed to every worker.

Proponent: Surya Nepal Pvt. Ltd Consultant: SCEC JV NRAC 53 EIA of Residence Apartment for Managers of Surya Nepal Pvt. Ltd. (Phase II)

 Trespassing, nuisance to nearby and surrounding community of construction site There will be strict order to follow the laws and rules to the workforce. The construction site will be fenced by the wires so that the people cannot enter that site. Likewise, alcohol will be prohibited in the construction site.

 Grievances management There may be complains of the local people around the site about the project activities. There will be consultation and discussion with the local people about the activities of the project and the locals will be convinced by the benefits of the project in their area. There will be a proper system of maintaining records of the complains and it will be directly informed to the concerned officers on weekly basis.

8.3.2 Operation Phase  Occupational safety and health hazards The operation of apartments of Phase II, there will not have significant impacts on health of the workers. But for the safety of the workers, personal protection equipment will be provided.

 Undesirable migration After the operation of apartment, people from different places can migrate to that area for work opportunities. The migration of the people cannot be mitigated by the apartment authorities.

 Pressure on existing infrastructure The increase in number of people in an area will certainly increases the pressure on existing infrastructures for which no mitigation measure can be proposed.

 Health and sanitation related impacts in and around the proposed apartment The surrounding of the building will be made clean by regularly cleaning by sweeping. Likewise, the waste management techniques will also help to maintain the health and sanitation in and around the apartment premises.

 Haphazard market growth The locals will be discouraged to increase the markets around the apartment premises. The locals will be made aware about the disadvantages of the haphazard market so that the haphazard market growth will be minimized.

 Impacts related to safety and security For the safety and security of the guests in the apartment, there will be the facilities of security persons. Likewise, the building premises will be fenced to avoid the trespassing.

Mitigation measures for the physical environments are presented in Table 21 for the construction and operation phase as under in tabular matrix.

Proponent: Surya Nepal Pvt. Ltd Consultant: SCEC JV NRAC 54 EIA of Residence Apartment for Managers of Surya Nepal Pvt. Ltd. (Phase II)

Table 21: Physical Environmental Matrix showing Impacts, Mitigation Measures and Costs Environmental Time of Competent Mitigation Costs S.N. Mitigation Measures Impacts Action Authority/Agency (Rs) A. Construction Phase Change in land use No mitigation measure, A.1 - - - pattern residual impact Sprinkling of water in Increased air, the construction sites, Construction A.2 water and soil waste management Proponent 250000.00 Period pollution within the project boundaries Prohibition of noise Increased noise generating activities in Construction A.3 Proponent - level the night time zone Period (19:00 to 6:00 hours) Increased burden Included in Compaction of piles of Construction A.4 of spoil Proponent overall project spoils Period management cost Erosion and sedimentation Included in Facilities of covering Construction A.5 from stock piled Proponent overall project during rainy season Period construction cost materials Facilities of greenery Construction Construction of Decrease of areas and A.6 and Proponent recharge pits : Rs. ground water protection/conservation operation 300000.00 of water recharge zones Use of top soil in Construction A.7 Erosion of top soil greenery management and Proponent - in open space operation Increased number Train drivers on traffic Construction A.8 of vehicles in the rules, installation of Proponent 100000.00 phase road safety signs Use of alternative Construction Included in A.9 Energy shortage sources like generators, and Proponent overall project solar operation cost Construction of drainages connecting to Construction A.10 Water Logging Proponent 500000.00 rainwater harvesting phase tanks Distribution of Personal Occupational Protection Equipments, Construction A.11 Proponent 50000.00 Hazard safety signs, trainings phase etc B. Operation Phase Construction of solid 2500000.00 waste management (The cost system in the building, of water source segregation, treatment separation and and Water, land management as per Operation B.1 Proponent waste pollution degradable and non- Phase degradable wastes. The water project will install the treatment water treatment unit, is waste water treatment included unit within its premises. in the

Proponent: Surya Nepal P Ltd Consultant: SCEC 55 EIA of Residence Apartment for Managers of Surya Nepal Pvt. Ltd. (Phase II)

Environmental Time of Competent Mitigation Costs S.N. Mitigation Measures Impacts Action Authority/Agency (Rs) Treatment Facility at overall apartment: project The apartment will cost) install Automatic Water Treatment Systems which integrates some of the highly advanced techniques of purification that ensure 99.9% of pyrogens, viruses and bacteria rejection in the output water. In addition to this, these systems also separate out the contaminants and non- essential and corrosive salts, metals, chemicals and other impurities completely from water. The Process Involves :  Sand & activated carbon filtration, Polishing, Coagulation  Micro cartridge filters, Chlorination, Floculation  Waste water treatment The Packaged Plant Treatment System will be installed this is a type of biological treatment for domestic waste using the extended aeration process. Packaged Plants are compact, self-contained, and factory prefabricated. Plantation of trees and maintain open space for ground water recharge, use of appliances which Included in Loss of Operation B.2 requires less water Proponent overall project groundwater Phase (examples; less water cost flushing cistern in toilet, reuse of water in garden etc) Increased Installation of solar Operation B.3 electricity and system (for light and Proponent 800000.00 Phase petroleum heating)

Proponent: Surya Nepal P Ltd Consultant: SCEC 56 EIA of Residence Apartment for Managers of Surya Nepal Pvt. Ltd. (Phase II)

Environmental Time of Competent Mitigation Costs S.N. Mitigation Measures Impacts Action Authority/Agency (Rs) demands Maintain open space and greenery, water Included in Ground water conservation and water Operation Project cost, and B.4 Proponent depletion potential management techniques Phase construction will be employed at the phase apartment Use of less noisy Increased air, generators, solid waste Operation Included in B.5 water, noise and Proponent management within Phase project cost soil pollution apartment premises Visual Tree plantation along impacts/discomfort Operation B.6 the boundary of the Proponent 100,000.00 to nearby residents Phase apartment of the apartment Safety measures, sign Increased vehicles Operation B.7 boards, training to in- Proponent in the road Phase 25,000.00 house drivers Storm water Construction of Operation Included in B.8 management and drainages and Proponent Phase project cost water logging management The apartment will be built based on the principle of earthquake Disaster Operation In built in B.9 resistant building , Proponent management Phase construction cost Installation of emergency exit, fire extinguishers etc No mitigation measures B.10 Shading effect residual effect

Biological Environment Mitigation measures for the biological environment are presented in table 22 for the construction and operation phase as under in tabular matrix. Table 22: Biological Environmental Matrix showing Impacts, Mitigation Measures and Costs Competent Environmental Time of Mitigation S.N. Mitigation Measures Authority/Agenc Impacts Action Costs (Rs) y A. Construction Phase Impact is insignificant as the income through Temporary loss Constructio A.1 the land after project - of production n phase overcomes the income before the project. B. Operation Phase Impact is insignificant as the income through Permanent loss of Operation B.1 the land after project - production phase overcomes the income before the project.

Proponent: Surya Nepal P Ltd Consultant: SCEC 57 EIA of Residence Apartment for Managers of Surya Nepal Pvt. Ltd. (Phase II)

Socio-economic and cultural Environment Mitigation measures for the socio-economic and cultural environment are presented in table 23 for the construction and operation phase as under in tabular matrix. Table 23: Socio-economic and cultural environment showing Impacts, Mitigation Measures and Costs Environmental Mitigation Time of Competent Mitigation S.N. Impacts Measures Action Authority/Agency Costs (Rs) A. Construction Phase

Introduce local rules and regulations to the workforce and ask them to strictly follow Pressure in social Help locals to operate Included in Construction A.1 services and small scale shops in Proponent overall phase infrastructures the area. project cost Manage the waste and sanitation within the apartment premises.

Pressure on Convince locals on Construction A.2 environment and the haphazard market Proponent No cost phase utilities disadvantages Restrict workforce to roam around and Change in social Construction A.3 enter in to personal Proponent No cost behaviour phase property of neighbours Compensate local Difficulties in land owners Construction Included in A.4 Proponent project operation according to current phase Project cost market price Strict order to follow Difficulties in laws and rules to the Construction A.5 management of workforce, Proponent No cost phase law and order prohibiting alcoholism Collaboration with locals to fulfil the demand by operating Scarcity of shops and other Construction Included in A.6 Proponent resources facilities as required phase Project cost during construction phase of the apartment Construction of toilets and Increase in the Construction Included in A.7 management of Proponent diseases phase Project Cost wastes, raising awareness among

Proponent: Surya Nepal P Ltd Consultant: SCEC 58 EIA of Residence Apartment for Managers of Surya Nepal Pvt. Ltd. (Phase II)

Environmental Mitigation Time of Competent Mitigation S.N. Impacts Measures Action Authority/Agency Costs (Rs) staff and labours Monitor the work force safety measures Increase of Included in are followed or not Construction A.8 diseases and Proponent overall regularly phase accidents Project cost Provide safe drinking water Encourage materials haulers to follow traffic rules and Increase of control speed Construction Included in A.9 Proponent accidents especially near the phase Project Cost settlements Installation of adequate safety signs Change in the Restrict workforce to Construction A.10 local enter into personal Proponent - phase environment property Restrict workforce to move outside after Safety of 20:00 hours, wearing Construction A.11 Proponent - workforce of helmets and gloves phase during working periods Management of wastes within the Disputes among Included in project premises Construction A.12 locals and Proponent overall Monitor workforce to phase project project cost follow local laws and rules B. Operation Phase Increased population Operation B.1 density with No measure Proponent - phase pressure on resources Pressure on Operation B.2 resources and No measure Proponent - phase infrastructures Possibility of Encourage guest to impact on local Operation B.3 praise local culture Proponent - culture and phase and practices practices Encourage dwellers Impact in moral to strictly follow the Operation B.4 values and local moral values Proponent phase lifestyle and lifestyle when appearing in public Difficulties to Included in Facilities of security Operation B.5 maintain law and Proponent overall persons phase order project cost Proponent: Surya Nepal P Ltd Consultant: SCEC 59 EIA of Residence Apartment for Managers of Surya Nepal Pvt. Ltd. (Phase II)

Environmental Mitigation Time of Competent Mitigation S.N. Impacts Measures Action Authority/Agency Costs (Rs) Facilities of security Included in Injury to guests, persons, fencing Operation B.6 Proponent overall locals around the phase project cost construction site Included in Complains on Discussions with Operation B.7 Proponent overall project activities locals phase project cost

Proponent: Surya Nepal P Ltd Consultant: SCEC 60 EIA of Residence Apartment for Managers of Surya Nepal Pvt. Ltd. (Phase II)

CHAPTER IX: ENVIRONMENT MANAGEMENT PLAN

The purpose of the Environmental Management Plan (EMP) is to minimize the potential environmental impacts due to proposed project. EMP is required for formulation, implementation and monitoring of environmental protection measures during project development. EMP reflects the commitment of the proponent to safeguard the environment as well as the surrounding population. Similarly, EMP has been prepared for the Residence Apartment for Managers of Surya Nepal Pvt. Ltd to set out environmental management requirements and to develop procedures to ensure that all mitigation measures and monitoring requirements specified in this Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) study report will be carried out in subsequent stages of project development and operation.

The impacted terms of reference of the study suggests that EMP should comprises of implementation of the mitigation measures, environmental monitoring plan, framework for the environmental auditing and the institutional arrangement for the implementation of EMP.

9.1 Environment Management System For the effective and consistent functioning of the project, an Environmental Management System (EMS) should be established at the site. The EMS should include the following: • An Environmental management Unit • Environmental Monitoring • Personnel Training • Regular Environmental Audits and Corrective Action • Documentation – Standard operating procedures Environmental Management Plans and other records

9.2 Environment Management Unit Apart from having an Environmental Management Plan, it is also necessary to have a permanent organizational set up charged with the task of ensuring its effective implementation of mitigation measures and to conduct environmental monitoring. The major duties and responsibilities of Environmental Management Unit will be as given below: • To implement the environmental management plan, • To assure regulatory compliance with all relevant rules and regulations, • To ensure regular operation and maintenance of pollution control devices and activities • To minimize environmental impacts of operations as by strict adherence to the EMP, • To initiate environmental monitoring as per approved schedule. • Review and interpretation of monitored results and corrective measures in case monitored results are above the specified limit. • Maintain documentation of good environmental practices and applicable environmental laws as ready reference. • Maintain environmental related records. • Coordination with regulatory agencies and external consultants, • Maintain of log book for public complaints and the action taken

9.3 Implementing mechanism of Environmental Protection Measures To ensure the implementation of EPMs, Residence Apartment for Managers of Surya Nepal is committed to establish Environment Management Unit (EMU).EMU is the inbuilt mechanism within the apartment which governs the implementation and monitoring of the EPMs. The EMU will focus on compliance monitoring, record keeping, and providing technical inputs to the contractors.

Proponent: Surya Nepal P Ltd Consultant: SCEC 61 EIA of Residence Apartment for Managers of Surya Nepal Pvt. Ltd. (Phase II)

CEO, Surya Nepal Pvt. Ltd.

1. Briefing of project 2. Status, submission of environment report Environment, Social Unit 3. Prepare monthly status report 4. Support client in Env. & 1. Regular compliance monitoring social matters during 2. Record keeping construction Proposal 3. Preparation of weekly, monthly report on pre and post construction Environment Officer of Environment report 4. Report to team leader 5. Participate in meeting with client, engineer consultant Assistant

1. Maintain regular log on compliance clauses 2. Follow instruction of field officer 3. Sampling of air, water soil & other parameters 4. Maintain photographic records 5. Establish on the site cooperation with other consultant, client. 6. Maintain rapport building and PR with local communities 7. Execute CSR activities of Surya Nepal

9.4 Project Management Responsibility The implementation of mitigation measures responsibility is entrusted to the project proponent i.e. Surya Nepal Pvt. Ltd. Because of small nature of project, the monitoring of the project as to the stipulated mitigation in the construction and operation period is also done by the proponent.

9.5 Environmental Monitoring Plan The environmental monitoring plan designed for the project has three main objectives;  To ensure that the project baseline conditions are adequately documented such that a comparative assessment of the project baseline before and after the project could be made objectively for impact evaluation  To ensure that the mitigation commitments to minimize the predicted adverse impacts and maximize the beneficial impacts including the environmental enhancement programs are actually complied and implemented in time and with sincerity by the project.  To verify that the project impacts are within the limits of the impact prediction or some unforeseen impacts also occurred during project development and what measures were taken to minimize the unforeseen impacts

Proponent: Surya Nepal P Ltd Consultant: SCEC 62 EIA of Residence Apartment for Managers of Surya Nepal Pvt. Ltd. (Phase II)

As baseline environment of the proposal development area is disgustingly known and also documented in this EIA report, the proponent itself will carry out compliance and impact monitoring of the project construction and operation period. The monitoring management plan for Baseline, compliance and impact is presented in Table 25,26 and 27.

The Jitpur Simara Sub-Metropolitan city will be involved during construction and operation phase monitoring of Residence Apartment for Managers of Surya Nepal Pvt. Ltd.

9.6 Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) Surya Nepal is very much concerned and is aware about its role in the community. Surya Nepal will work in close coordination and collaboration with the neighbour and neighbouring community. Surya Nepal will join hands with community support users group in clean-up campaign, contribute in a small community support activities, contribute in infrastructure improvement programs initiated by community, neighbours (examples: drainage improvement, installation of street lights, safety signs, security etc).

The Surya Nepal will hold regular interaction with the neighbouring community. Surya Nepal will allocate certain budget in an annual basis and such budget will be spent in above mentioned CSR activities in close coordination and support of local communities.

For the upcoming years, as spelled out above, the Surya Nepal will be involved in . Creating community awareness on traffic safety . Plantation will also be done to maintain greenery . Involve in community support in areas of health, sanitation, food and hygiene in project's direct and indirect areas . Support the backward communities in education, and social awareness . Support the local community in promotion of sports and other similar activities.

9.7 Specific Management Plans for Surya Nepal Residential Buildings A. CONSTRUCTION PHASE

9.7.1 Health and Safety Plan This contractor will prepare OHS plan of the project and it will be displayed and available to all persons working on/visiting the site. Occupational Health and Safety Assessment System Plans A plan is required to eliminate or minimize risks to the workers who could be exposed to OH and S hazards associated with the continuous exposure.

Proponent: Surya Nepal P Ltd Consultant: SCEC 63 EIA of Residence Apartment for Managers of Surya Nepal Pvt. Ltd. (Phase II)

Health and Safety Manager

Hazard Identification Risk Reduction Priorities . Routine and Periodic Health Check up . Signage / Warnings . Human Behavior and capabilities . PPE . Hazard nature . Engineering Control / Management Control

OHSA

Emergency Preparedness . Roles & Responsibilities Support Utilities . Crisis Management Infrastructure / Equipment / Materials  Spaced rooms  Improved ventilation / Exhaust Health Indicators Bronchitis, and Allergic Respiratory / Nasal Diseases)

Documentation . EHS Tool Box programs . EHS Awareness training programs . EHS Meetings . Miss Incidents/Dangerous occurrences/Property Damage . No of First Aid Cases . Non Lost Time Accidents . Lost Time Injuries (LTI) . Lost Time Accidents (LTA) . EHS Awards given . EHS Audits/Inspections . EHS NCRs Raised/ Violation Memo EHS NCRS

Objectives The main objective of this document is to explore possible H&S issues of the project and provide information intended to prevent and minimize personal injuries, illnesses and physical damage to any workers, equipment, supplies and property.

Safety Management Health and safety will be tailored to project specific activities. Induction training to all project execution team will be provided to make them aware on H&S of the project.

Community Outreach and Involvement Risk management strategies will be implemented to protect the local communities from physical, chemical, or other hazards associated with the construction and operation of the Project. Risk management strategies will also be implemented to protect the project workers, facilities, and equipment. Risks may arise from inadvertent or intentional trespassing including potential contact with hazardous materials, exposures to structures and excavations not meant for untrained people to access, energized equipment, moving equipment, sharp objects, buildings that are vacant or under construction, physical contact with the project workers, transmission of diseases, etc. Community outreach programs will be established with the goal of helping to mitigate these potential risks. The

Proponent: Surya Nepal P Ltd Consultant: SCEC 64 EIA of Residence Apartment for Managers of Surya Nepal Pvt. Ltd. (Phase II)

H&S Plan will be discussed in community outreach and involvement actives to be performed during construction stage of the project.

Updating Health and Safety Plan of Project The H&S will be treated as living documents. As such, the H&S will be modified when new hazards are identified, the scope of work is revised, equipment is changed, and/or the provisions specified in the H&S are not adequate to protect the H&S of the workers. Regular updating of this plan will be carried out by the contractor as per the need and requirements.

9.7.2 Occupational Health and Safety Hazards To ensure the safety of the occupational workers , implement the following measures .  Construction staff and wokers will be provided with basic safety issues and safety measures to be taken in each of the construction sites at least once a week before the start of days construction activity  Signs of various risks will be placed at appropriate locations in all the construction sites  The construction staff and workers will be provided with personnel safety gears such as helmets, boots with tough toes, gloves, air masks, ear plugs and other as required depending upon the work nature at least every six months.  The construction supervisor will ensure that all the workforce is using the personnel protective gears at all times at the construction sites and those not using the gears will be prohibited in the construction sites  First aid kits for minor cuts and injuries will be placed at all times in each of the active construction sites and in the project office.  A stabilization health care medical facility manned with a nurse will be established centrally in the project area with bed facility, medicine.  Handy fire-fighting gears will be placed at each of the construction sites for immediate use in case of fire.

9.7.3 Community Health and Safety Hazards Following measures will be implemented by the contractor to minimise the impact  The construction vehicles will be parked in the designated area as per the traffic management plan  The speed of the construction vehicle in the construction area will be controlled for the safety of the local residents, and the project  The construction vehicles will not be parked along the main road and in the settlement areas  Traffic signs will be placed in all locations as required for the safe driving and safety of the community.  Fuel storage and dispensing units will be bounded in a concrete platform with drainage facility linked with oil and grease trapping unit, area will be fenced, secured and fire extinguishers will be place.  All spent oils, mobiles, grease and other chemicals will be collected and stored in a separate covered storage facilities for final management as recommended by the site engineer as per the GoN regulations

9.7.4 Site Safety Procedures Site rules A copy of the site rules for each site will be inserted here as well as being displayed in the site office (where applicable).

Site Amenities  Toilets and drinking water will be provided on site;  All workers are to have good hygiene standards and clean up after themselves;

Proponent: Surya Nepal P Ltd Consultant: SCEC 65 EIA of Residence Apartment for Managers of Surya Nepal Pvt. Ltd. (Phase II)

 Outdoor game facilities such as volleyball and badminton will be provided;

Site Security The contractor will, as far as possible reasonably practicable, secure the site (where applicable) by:  Keeping the site/building secure during the project;  Erecting a fence to prevent unauthorized access;  Locking gates to the site outside normal hours of operation; Workers and contractors are expected to keep the site secure, for example by closing or locking gates.

Site Signage At a minimum, the contractor will display the following signs on the entrance to the site (where applicable):  Contact person name, contact details and after-hours telephone number;  The location of the site office; All signage will be clearly visible from outside.

9.7.5 Managing Construction Hazards Falls from Heights The contractor should manage the risks associated with falls from heights by:  Ensuring that where practicable, any work involving the risk of a fall is undertaken on the ground or on a solid construction such as an elevated work platform;  Where this is not practicable, providing a fall prevention device such as secure fencing, edge protection, working platforms and/or covers;  Where this is not practicable, providing a work positioning system such as plant or a structure other than a temporary work platform that enables a person to be positioned and safely supported;  Where this is not practicable, providing a fall arrest system such as a safety harness system. Workers will be trained in emergency procedures for fall arrest systems;  When undertaking work involving the risk of a fall from height, workers must:  Follow all instructions  Work with a buddy when using a ladder  Only use approved work platforms

Falling Objects Where practical, the Contractor will provide adequate protection against the risk of falling objects through the use of control measures such as barrier screen, toe-boards and by storing and stacking materials safely. Where this is not possible, a risk assessment will be undertaken and appropriate control measures implemented to manage the risk of injuries from falling objects.

9.7.6 Confined Space Entry and Excavation of Work Anyone undertaking excavation work at confined space will be performed in the following checks, but not limited to:  No slope instability issues;  No issue related to entrapment of drowning;  Ensure safe means of access and egress from excavations such as graded slopes, access route or stairs or ladders;  Ensure no combustion equipment are operated for longer period;  Permit –required confined spaces will be provided with permanent safety measures for venting, monitoring, and rescue operations, to the extent possible;

Proponent: Surya Nepal P Ltd Consultant: SCEC 66 EIA of Residence Apartment for Managers of Surya Nepal Pvt. Ltd. (Phase II)

 Prior to entry a permit-required confined space; o Process of feed lines in to the space will be disconnected or drained, and blanked and locked-out; o Mechanical equipment in the space will be disconnected, de-energized, locked-out, or braced as appropriate; o The atmosphere within the confined space will be tested to assure oxygen content by burning air, if it gets lit, the area will be ventilated  Appropriate induction training will be provided to the workers prior to start of work at the confined space;

9.7.7 Electrical Power supplied to the site will be either from the distribution line or from gen-set. The following measures will be ensured by the contractor in the project.  Robust construction and materials capable of withstanding damage from the weather and other environmental and site influences;  Securely attached the switchboard to a post, pole, wall or other structure unless it is of a stable freestanding design able to withstand external forces likely to be present;  Incorporate suitable support and protection for flexible cords and cables and prevent mechanical strain to the cable connections inside the board;  Protect all live parts at all times;  Flexible cords used on construction sites will be rated heavy duty;  To avoid confusion with individual earthling conductors, green sheathed flexible power cords will not be used on site;  Flexible cords will be either protected by a suitable enclosure or barrier or located where they are not subjected to mechanical damage, damage by liquids or high temperature;  Records of all inspections, tests, repairs and faults related to all electrical equipment and distribution lines including cable will be recorded in a testing and tagging register;  Workers who notices damage on electrical equipment and the distribution system requires to inform to the person in-charge, electrical foreman. He will be responsible to fix the problem and unrepairable items should be informed to the contractor site in charge for necessary action.

9.7.8 Plant and Equipment To ensure all plant used complies with the requirements of the Health, Safety & Environment Regulations:  Only use plant for the purpose for which it was designed;  Use all health and safety features and warning devices on plant;  Follow all information, training and instruction provided;  guarding must be permanently fixed and is not permitted to be removed;  No person other than the operator may ride on the plant unless the person is provided with a level of protection that is equivalent to that provided to the operator; It will also ensure that: All plants and equipment are regularly maintained, inspected and tested by a relevant competent person;

9.7.9 Scaffolds The Contractor will ensure:  That the scaffold is erected by a competent person;  That before use of the scaffold, the field supervisor will check that it is safe;  That scaffolding is inspected by a competent person:

Proponent: Surya Nepal P Ltd Consultant: SCEC 67 EIA of Residence Apartment for Managers of Surya Nepal Pvt. Ltd. (Phase II)

 Before use of the scaffold is resumed after an incident occurs that may reasonably be expected to affect the stability of the scaffold;  Before use of the scaffold is resumed after repairs;  At least every 30 days;  That, if an inspection indicates that any scaffold or its supporting structure creates a risk to health or safety:  Any necessary repairs, alterations and additions will be made or carried out;  The scaffold and its supporting structure will be inspected again by a competent person before use of the scaffold is resumed.  Workers must:  Not use incomplete scaffolding  Report any scaffolding issues to the principal contractor  Comply with the directions of any tags attached to the scaffold  The Contractor will prevent unauthorized access to the scaffold by removing ladders where there is no site fencing

9.7.10 Fire and Explosions The following fire and explosion prevention strategy, but not limited to, will be adopted:  Fire extinguishers, fire notices, fire detection, alarm systems and fire exit signs will be provided for all working areas;  Materials and rubbish stored on site will be kept to a minimum  Storing flammable away from ignition sources and oxidizing materials;  All vessels that may contain substance that are hazardous will be labelled or appropriately colour coded, copies of hazard coding will be posted;  A “No Smoking” rule will be imposed in all working areas, storage areas or wherever there are fire hazards;  The area will be prohibited to take or use of smoke, cellular phones or other potential spark generating equipment;  Will operate a “Hot Works Permit System” particularly where the works involve a naked flame. In the event of a fire, the person discovering the fire will raise the alarm and immediately report the situation to the site in-charge  Induction training to the workers who is supposed to handled inflammable materials;

9.7.11 Managing other Construction Hazards Ladder Safety The contractor should manage hazards associated with ladders by:  Using ladders according to the manufacturer’s instructions;  Only allowing one person at a time on a ladder;  Performing all work from a ladder while facing the ladder;  Not setting up ladders on scaffolds or elevated work platforms to gain extra height;

Manual Handling The contractor should manage hazards associated with manual handling by: Ensuring all users follow good manual handling practices;  Assessing risk assessments;  Providing mechanical lifting aids where applicable;

Slips, Trips and fall  Using a slips, trips and falls checklist as required;  Checking for hazards that could cause someone to slip, trip or fall by doing a visual check;  Ensuring workers keep the site tidy as part of the written site rules;

Proponent: Surya Nepal P Ltd Consultant: SCEC 68 EIA of Residence Apartment for Managers of Surya Nepal Pvt. Ltd. (Phase II)

Use of Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) As per the site based requirement and nature of job where person is working the contractor should provide adequate PPE  Safety boot and gloves;  Sun protection cream and hat;  Raincoat;  Torch light;  First aid kits  Drinking water;

Corrosive, Oxidizing, and Reactive Chemicals The following controls will be observed in the work environment when handling such chemicals:  Chemicals will be segregated from flammable materials, stored in place where intermixing possibility during spills would be minimal;  Workers who are required to handle corrosive, oxidizing or reactive chemicals will be provided induction training and also proper PPE;  First Aid people will be kept in high alert during the period these materials are being used;

Accidents and Diseases Monitoring The site in-charge of contractor will be responsible to monitor, reporting and monitoring of:  Occupational accidents and diseases;  Dangerous occurrence and incidents;  Occupational injuries and near misses;  Suspected case of occupational diseases;  Will identify fatal or non-fatal injuries and necessary action will be taken accordingly; Further, the person providing the PPE must ensure that the PPE is:  Suitable for the nature of the work and any hazard associated with the work;  A suitable size and fit and reasonably comfortable for the worker who is to use or wear it;  Maintained, repaired or replaced so that it continues to minimize risk to the worker who uses it, including by: o Ensuring it is clean and hygienic o Ensuring it is in good working order o Ensuring it is used or worn by the worker, so far as is reasonably practicable. The person supplying the PPE must also:  Provide workers with information, training and instruction in the proper use, wearing, storage and maintenance of PPE;  Ensure that any other person at the workplace (such as home owners, clients or inspectors) is appropriately provided with PPE to wear as required. Workers must:  Follow all instructions to wear and use PPE;  Take reasonable care of PPE;

9.7.12 Plan for Management of Labor and Working Condition No Forced Labor Policy The contractor adheres with no forced labor policy in their project. As such there will be no involuntary or compulsory labor like indentured labor, bonded labor or similar labor contracting arrangements.

Proponent: Surya Nepal P Ltd Consultant: SCEC 69 EIA of Residence Apartment for Managers of Surya Nepal Pvt. Ltd. (Phase II)

Non Discriminative and Equal Opportunity Employer (EOE) The project (including contractor) will not discriminate in hiring (adhere with hiring policy and priority), promotion, discharge, pay, fringes, benefits, job trainings, and other aspects of employment on the basis of race color, religion, sex, national origin. The Nepal Labor Act, and Nepal Labor Rules will be strictly followed.

Retrenchment and re-employment. The retrenchment and reemployment policy the contractor will follow GoN Labor Act

Employment Opportunity and Human Resources Development Activity In order to provide maximum job opportunity to the local area people (project DIZ and INDIZ) for employment and human resource development following measures will be implemented. This is in line with EIA recommendations. The project including the contractor will encourage local area people to take up the jobs suitable to their skills and qualifications.

9.7.13 Construction Camp Management Plan Accommodations The location, layout and basic facility provision of construction camp will be prepared meeting the GoN regulations. The accommodation and ancillary facilities will be maintained in functional a suitable, safe, and hygienic manner meeting GoN standards.

Potable water The contractor must ensure all the time that uncontaminated water is available for drinking, cooking and washing at all accommodations and drinking water at all work places. Testing of water will be done on a regular basis as prescribed in EIA report. Environmental and social compliance monitor (or person designated for this task) from the contractor should visit the camps for compliance monitoring.

Sanitation and Sewerage System  Septic tank system in camps will be designed, built and operated in such a fashion that no health hazards occur and no pollution to the air, ground water or adjacent water courses take place  Separate toilets/bathrooms for men and women will be planned.  Adequate water supply and ventilation will be provided in toilets.  The construction camps will be facilitated with separate washing, bathing facilities

Waste disposal  Waste disposal buckets will be provided in camps.  The contractor must ensure that waste are properly handled and disposed of with due care and with hygienic manner. A solid waste management system of collection, segregation, and final management of the camp and construction area solid waste will be established and operated for all the camps Haphazard disposal of the solid wastes in all areas will be strictly prohibited.

Ventilation and lighting in camps  All the camps will be well ventilated. The ventilation requirements as per WHO standards will be followed. If natural ventilation is not sufficient, the contractor should l also provide the artificial ventilation means (Fans, AC). The air flow rates in rooms will be maintained.  Energy efficient lighting system will be used in camps.  The rooms will have proper and adequate lighting mechanisms.

Proponent: Surya Nepal P Ltd Consultant: SCEC 70 EIA of Residence Apartment for Managers of Surya Nepal Pvt. Ltd. (Phase II)

Cooking fuel  The project will supply subsidized LPG/Kerosene to its staff to avoid dependency in forest and to discourage burning firewood. The burning of firewood is strictly prohibited. Ban of Ill Social Activities  Ill social behaviors like gambling, drinking etc is strictly prohibited in all job sites, camps of contractors and engineers camp  The noisy equipment, activities after 9 AM will be banned in camps.

Access to Recreational facilities Access to camp site, office, and other areas is important so necessary internal access will be built. Recreational facilities including appropriate television, game items like (carem board, chess, and volley ball) will be provided).

Security For safe and secure camp dwellers, security measures at camp will be established. Implementation of photographic identification system for safety and security. Visitor access to the job sites, offices and camps should be made only with prior approval from site in-charge.

B. OPERATION PHASE

9.7.14 Indoor Air Quality Management Plan Source control and ventilation are important components of a robust IAQ plan in residents through the maintenance of indoor ventilation, application of air purifier and maintaining appropriate air change hours for the rooms. In order to control air conditions within the selected zone in the room by the supply air and allow stratification of heat and contaminants in other room areas, the zoning strategy is to be followed for the supply of fresh air. It can control the airflow parameters of a vertical or horizontal zone in the room. This kind of ventilation is a good compromise between mixing and displacement ventilation1. The process of replacing stale indoor air with fresh outdoor air is an air change phenomenon for indoor environment. The air change rate or air changes per hour (ACH) provide the number of times that the entire volume of the conditioned space is replaced by fresh outdoor air in one hour. The typical ACH for general office is in the range of 4 to 6 per hours. The minimum fresh air ventilation rate is generally maintained at 8 to 10 l/s per person equivalent typically adopted in mechanically ventilated spaces. Fresh air requirements for naturally ventilated spaces are treated differently. To keep carbon dioxide (CO2) levels to less than an average 1,000 ppm during the day a ventilation rate of 10 l/s/person is typically adopted.

Guidelines for Indoor Potted Plants Selection as Air Purifier The placement of indoor air within the working rooms only not makes the pleasant environment; they will also supports in indoor air purifying agents also. It has number of benefits as mentioned below:  Fights sick building syndrome  Fewer allergic symptoms  More efficiency at work  Greater productivity  Higher concentration  More creative and less stressful  Recover faster from cold and flu  Fewer symptoms and signs of headache, irritation and fatigue

1 Gery Einberg (2005). Air Diffusion and Solid Contaminant Behaviour in Room Ventilation – a computational fluid dynamics (CFD) Based Integrated Approach, TRITA-KRV-2005-03, ISSN 1100/7990, ISRN KTH-KRV-R-05-3-SE, ISBN 91-7178-037-8 Proponent: Surya Nepal P Ltd Consultant: SCEC 71 EIA of Residence Apartment for Managers of Surya Nepal Pvt. Ltd. (Phase II)

 Peace of mind Most plants largely uptake carbon dioxide and release oxygen during the day (photosynthesis) and uptake oxygen and release CO2 during the night (respiration). The listed plant species can uptake CO2 during the night as well because of their ability to perform a type of photosynthesis called Crassulacean Acid Metabolism (CAM). National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Clean Air Study suggested that efficient air cleaning is accomplished with at least one plant per 100 square feet (9.3 m2) of home or office space. NASA study also showed that certain high- transpiration plants could remove up to 87 percent of indoor air pollutants within 24 hours. Prior to selection of the plant species, it will be assured that the selective item could not be the source of indoor source of yeast and mold and other bacteria.

Table 24: Selective Indoor Plant Species as Air Purifier Specific Other Air S. Name Pollutants Purifying Picture N. Removal Benefits

 Carbon monoxide  Releases  Formaldehyd oxygen even in Spider Plant e the nighttime 1. (Chlorophytu  Toluene  High- m comosum)  Xylene transpiration  PM rate increasing  Nitrogen humidity  Ozone

 Benzene  Formaldehyd e Snake Plant  Releases  Toluene 2. (Sansevieria oxygen even in  Xylene trifasciata) the nighttime  Carbon Monoxide  Ozone

 Benzene  Releases  Formaldehyd oxygen even in Peace Lily e the nighttime (Spathiphyllu  Toluene 3.  High- m sp.)  Xylene transpiration  Ammonia rate increasing  Trichloroeth humidity ylene

Proponent: Surya Nepal P Ltd Consultant: SCEC 72 EIA of Residence Apartment for Managers of Surya Nepal Pvt. Ltd. (Phase II)

Specific Other Air S. Name Pollutants Purifying Picture N. Removal Benefits

 Benzene Pothos  Formaldehyd  Releases (Epipremnum 4. e oxygen even in sp.)  Toluene the nighttime

 Xylene

Weeping Fig  Formaldehyd  Releases (Ficus e 5. oxygen even in benjamina)  Toluene the nighttime  Xylene

 Releases oxygen even in Philodendrons the nighttime  Formaldehyd 6. (Philodendron  High- e sp.) transpiration rate increasing humidity

Aloe Vera  Benzene  Releases 7. (Aloe vera)  Formaldehyd oxygen even in e the nighttime

Proponent: Surya Nepal P Ltd Consultant: SCEC 73 EIA of Residence Apartment for Managers of Surya Nepal Pvt. Ltd. (Phase II)

Specific Other Air S. Name Pollutants Purifying Picture N. Removal Benefits

 Benzene  Formaldehyd Chrysanthemu e  Releases m  Toluene 8. oxygen even in (Chrysantheiu  Xylene the nighttime m morifolium)  Ammonia  Trichloroeth ylene

 Releases oxygen even in  Formaldehyd Areca Palm the nighttime e 9. (Dypsis  Highest-  Toluene lutescens) transpiration  Xylene rate increasing humidity

 High-  Benzene transpiration  Formaldehyd rate increasing English ivy e humidity 10. (Hedera  Toluene  Removes 94% helix)  Xylene of airborne  Trichloroeth feces and 78% ylene of airborne mold

 High- transpiration rate increasing humidity Rubber Plant  Formaldehyd  Can reduce 11. (Ficus e mold and elastica) bacteria in a room by as much as 50 or 60 percent

Proponent: Surya Nepal P Ltd Consultant: SCEC 74 EIA of Residence Apartment for Managers of Surya Nepal Pvt. Ltd. (Phase II)

Specific Other Air S. Name Pollutants Purifying Picture N. Removal Benefits

 Benzene  Formaldehyd Red-edged  High- e dracaena transpiration 12.  Toluene (Dracaena rate increasing  Xylene marginata) humidity  Trichloroeth ylene

 Benzene  Formaldehyd  High- Bamboo Palm e transpiration 13. (Chamaedore  Toluene rate increasing a seifrizii)  Xylene humidity  Trichloroeth ylene

Boston Fern  Formaldehyd  High- (Nephrolepis e transpiration 14. exaltata  Toluene rate increasing 'Bostoniensis')  Xylene humidity

Chinese  High-  Benzene Evergreen transpiration 15.  Formaldehyd (Aglaonema rate increasing e modestum) humidity

9.7.15 Emergency Preparedness and Response Plan The scope of the emergency preparedness and response plan will be inclusive of reporting of emergencies, coordination with emergency response forces, emergency plans and procedures for managing or responding to emergencies will comply with the provisions.

Proponent: Surya Nepal P Ltd Consultant: SCEC 75 EIA of Residence Apartment for Managers of Surya Nepal Pvt. Ltd. (Phase II)

There will be the provision of announcement system and alarm system within the complex of the building. When there is a need to make a public announcement or raise an immediate alert, the staff will dial the operator and inform the nature of the emergency. The plan will be applied as the key steps for risk management. Standard emergency response procedures depend on the hazard. The basic emergency procedures are scoped for building evacuation, shelter-in-place, and lockdown, assemble and shelter outside, evacuate to safe heaven and emergency residents and employee release from the disaster risk zone. The building disaster management involves the familiar cycle of steps found in all project management: assess hazards, vulnerabilities, capacities and resources; plan and implement for physical risk reduction, maintenance of safe facilities, standard operating procedures and training for disaster response; test mitigation and preparedness plans and skills regularly, with realistic simulation drills; and revision based on lessons learned.

9.8 Compliance monitoring The following activities would be conducted to ensure compliance with the recommendation of the EIA study: 1. Following the completion of the detailed designs and the tender document, it would be confirmed that whether the documents have incorporated the measures recommended by the EIA study. 2. During contract, it will be confirmed that the documents and working methods proposed by the contractors have taken into account the health, safety and environmental considerations mentioned in the tender document. 3. At the beginning of the construction period, it will be confirmed that the arrangements regarding temporary use of lands for labour camps, material storage and construction activities are satisfactory. 4. During construction, it will be confirmed on a regular basis that all the agreed working conditions and procedures, regarding various environmental factors are followed satisfactorily. 5. During construction and after the completion of construction, it will be ensured that all requirements regarding clean up and reinstatement have been met satisfactorily. 6. During the construction and operation phase of the proposed project, specified parameters of the working environment as specified in standards will be monitored by Department of Labour (DoL)/Department of Environment (DoEnv.).

Table 25: Baseline Monitoring Individuals Frequency Monitoring S.N Parameters Indicator Methods Place responsible authority Solid waste, Soil pollution, noise and air Using Within 1 noise and air pollution in Proponent standard Once a year DoL apartment pollution the project operation premises site

Proponent: Surya Nepal P Ltd Consultant: SCEC 76 EIA of Residence Apartment for Managers of Surya Nepal Pvt. Ltd. (Phase II)

Table 26: Compliance Monitoring Indicators Individuals Frequency Monitoring S.N Parameters Methods Place responsible /Time authority Operation Phase Spoil disposal Spoil residue/ Proponent Site Once DoEnv Project clearance of Observation/ Site 1 the site and records vicinity Water quantity Types of tube Proponent Site Once DoEnv Project and quality well/ depth of Observation/ Site 2 well and records drainage management Landscape Greenery in Proponent Observation Once DoEnv Project 3 and around area project Solid waste Solid waste Proponent Observation Once DoEnv Project management management area 4 within practices apartment adopted premises Construction of Drainage Proponent Observation Once DoEnv Project 5 drainages and pipes and area management joints

Table 27: Impact Monitoring Monitoring Indicators Individuals Frequency Monitoring S.N Methods Place parameters responsible /Time authority Operation Phase Impacts of Solid waste Proponent Site Once a year DoEnv Project 1 solid waste management observation vicinity practices Noise and Degree of Proponent Site Once a year Dol/DoEnv Project water pollution change in observation, vicinity concentrations water 2 of noise level quality test and water quality Impact related Number of Proponent Surya Nepal Once a year DoEnv Project to security, guests, number record and vicinity dispute and of long-term site grievance workers, observation 3. management inclusion of around local staffs apartment Premises

9.8 Monitoring Cost The total annual cost for environment monitoring is presented in the table below. The monitoring cost includes both instrumental cost and human resources cost.

Proponent: Surya Nepal P Ltd Consultant: SCEC 77 EIA of Residence Apartment for Managers of Surya Nepal Pvt. Ltd. (Phase II)

Table 28: Monitoring Cost S.N Particular Days Total Cost Remarks 1 Environmental Expert 1 month 250000.00 2 Equipment use, laboratory and other 300000.00 Miscellaneous cost for compliance and impact monitoring Total 550000.00

9.9 Total EMP Cost The total cost of EMP includes the sum of environmental mitigation cost and monitoring cost. Most of the mitigation cost is inbuilt into design cost. The cost which is not included in the design is mentioned as EMP cost is presented in the table below:

Table 29: Total EMP Cost S.N Particular Cost (NRs) 1 Environment Mitigation 350,0000.00 2 Environment Monitoring 550,000 Total 4050000.00

9.10 Environment Audit With reference to the baseline information, performance of mitigation measures to minimize the level of proposed impact will be calculated, analysed and discussed in the Environment Auditing phase. As per the stipulated in the EPR 2077, MoFE will be responsible for the auditing activities. Basically, auditing is performed as per the EPR 2077. The Environment Audit have to examine the performance of the proponent to address environment mitigation measures and further improvement it has made to minimize the environment pollution. Auditor will check whether the projects have satisfied the proposed environmental requirements and effectiveness of mitigation measures and institutional development and whether any unpredictable environment consequences occurred as a result of the project operation. The Basic objectives for the environment audit are as follows:

. Comparison of the environment quality with the pre project baseline information . Effectiveness of the mitigation measures as stipulated by EIA report and their effectiveness . Identification of unpredictable consequence from the project activities . Assessment of compliance and non-compliance with the mitigation and monitoring provisions . Assessment of compliance and non-compliance with the national environmental standards in the project development and operational cycle

The proponent will support and co-operate in the environmental audit team. Environmental Auditing plan of the project is summarized in Table 30. The required professionals and expenses are presented in Table 31. Table 30: Environment Auditing Plan Parameters Location Methods Indicators Physical Environment Project site and Particulate matter, SOx, Air Quality On site Measurement proposed impact area NOx, CO etc Wastewater Nearby water Laboratory analysis COD, BOD, TSS, Hardness,

Proponent: Surya Nepal P Ltd Consultant: SCEC 78 EIA of Residence Apartment for Managers of Surya Nepal Pvt. Ltd. (Phase II)

Parameters Location Methods Indicators sources Turbidity etc. Noise meter Equivalent Sound Pressure Noise On site and off site measurement Level Laboratory analysis of Physical, Chemical and Quality of water Well water water samples microbial Biological Environment Observation and Tree plantation Project sites Number of trees counting Socio-Economic Environment Occupational safety and Interaction with workers Project site Mishaps/diseases health hazard and review of records Interaction with local, Employment opportunity Project site records of agreements Number of staffs and list of employee Interaction with people, Conflict Outside project site project supervisor, Police records engineer and workers

Table 31: Environment Audit Cost Manpower Man/Month Amount, (NRs) Environment Expert One 75,000 Industrial Engineer One 60,000 Socio-economist One 50,000 Water Quality Expert One 45,000 Lab technicians Two 30,000 Miscellaneous (Stationery, transportation lab 250,000 test etc.) Total 5,10,000

Proponent: Surya Nepal P Ltd Consultant: SCEC 79 EIA of Residence Apartment for Managers of Surya Nepal Pvt. Ltd. (Phase II)

CHAPTER X: CONCLUSION

Surya Nepal Pvt. Ltd. situated at Simara was set up in 1986 and makes cigarettes of various brand to cater to domestic market. Since its inception, in a span of 28 years, the factory has multiplied many folds in terms of volume, infrastructure and human resources. The infrastructure also includes modern housing facility “Surya Niwas” for non-management cadre housing 149 families. The managerial strength has also grown over a period and the number of young managers is in the increase as the unit has already completed 28 years.

Managers residing in the vicinity with their family have always felt a need for housing facility in the absence of good living condition around Simara. Managers coming from outside especially with family prefer to live in a known society for security reasons.

To provide basic housing facility to the new incumbents of managerial staff and to their family the residential apartment has been envisaged. This will definitely help to retain the young talents in Simara.

Citing the above, we propose housing for managers in Simara as under which may be constructed in two phases within 5 years span.

Regarding environmental implications, ground water depletion, security issue, different types of wastes and pollutants are assumed to be produced during the construction and operation phase of the proposed project. Most of the identified impacts can be mitigated by adopting prescribed mitigation measures in this report. By adopting these mitigation measures, the project will have very less negative implications on environment. The EIA has envisaged the impacts during the implementation of this proposal and also suggested mitigation measures to minimize or reduce the impacts. The project proponent has committed follow the mitigation measures as spelled out in EIA report. Surya Nepal is committed to adhere with all the environmental enhancement and mitigations mentioned in this EIA report.

Considering the nature of the project, its location and people's perception about the project, this EIA study recommends implementation of Residence Apartment for Managers of Surya Nepal along with the strict implementation of the prescribed mitigation measures during both construction and operation phases. Further environmental assessment study at EIA level for implementation of the proposed project is not required.

Proponent: Surya Nepal P Ltd Consultant: SCEC 80 EIA of Residence Apartment for Managers of Surya Nepal Pvt. Ltd. (Phase II)

REFERENCES

. EPA 2076, Environment Protection Act 2076; Ministry of Environment, Science and Technology; Singhadurbar, Kathmandu . EPR 1997, Environment Protection Rules 2076; Ministry of Environment, Science and Technology; Singhadurbar, Kathmandu . EPR 1997, Environment Protection Rules 1997; Ministry of Environment, Science and Technology; Singhadurbar, Kathmandu . GoN 1993, Nepal Environmental Impact Assessment Guideline 1993, National Planning Commission, GON/IUCN, Kathmandu. . CBS (2012), National Population and Housing Census 2011. Central Bureau of Statistics, Thapathali, Kathmandu . 1Gery Einberg (2005). Air Diffusion and Solid Contaminant Behaviour in Room Ventilation – a computational fluid dynamics (CFD) Based Integrated Approach, TRITA-KRV-2005-03, ISSN 1100/7990, ISRN KTH-KRV-R-05-3-SE, ISBN 91-7178-037-8 . 1Top 9 Plants that absorb 2 at night as well (best for indoors). https://wiki.nurserylive.com/t/top-9-plants-that-absorb-2-at-night-as-well-best-for- indoors/315 Retrieved on 2019-04-02 . Wolverton, B. C., et al. A study of interior landscape plants for indoor air pollution abatement: an interim report. NASA. September, 1989.NASA Clean Air Study. https://nasa.fandom.com/wiki/NASA_Clean_Air_Study. Retrieved on 2019-04-02

Proponent: Surya Nepal P Ltd Consultant: SCEC 81

ANNEXES