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1 VOLUME 1 Apardjón Journal for Scandinavian Studies University of Aberdeen, UK 2020 Copyright © 2020 Steven P. Ashby, Jim Gritton, Sarah Künzler, Andrew G. Marriott, Blake Middleton, Ralph O’Connor, Roberto Luigi Pagani, Derek Parrott, Lyonel D. Perabo. The authors published in this issue retain copyright of their submitted work and have granted Apardjón right of first publication of the work. This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial- NoDerivatives 4.0 International License. For more information, please visit creativecommons.org. First published in 2020 ISSN 2634-0577 (Online) ISSN 2634-0569 (Print) Published in Aberdeen, United Kingdom Apardjón Journal for Scandinavian Studies Centre for Scandinavian Studies University of Aberdeen Email: [email protected] Main editors: Daniel Cutts, Heidi Synnøve Djuve, Deniz Cem Gülen, Ingrid Hegland, Jennifer Hemphill, Solveig Marie Wang, Caroline Wilhelmsson. Cover image: © 2020 Marianne Mathieu Cover design and layout: Heidi Synnøve Djuve The present volume of this periodical was financially supported by The Viking Society for Northern Research and the University of Aberdeen Development Trust Experience Fund. To Stefan Brink for his encouragement and contagious enthusiasm, and to Hannah Burrows for her unfaltering faith in her students EDITOR-IN-CHIEF Jennifer Hemphill MANAGING EDITORS Heidi Synnøve Djuve Solveig Marie Wang INTERNAL EDITORS Daniel Cutts Deniz Cem Gülen Ingrid Hegland Caroline Wilhelmsson EXTERNAL EDITORS Dr Hannah Booth Linn Willetts Borgen Dr Simon Nygaard Roberto Luigi Pagani Alessandro Palumbo Dr Aya van Renterghem Dr Brittany Schorn Jessie Yusek ADVISORS Dr Hannah Burrows Professor Ralph O’Connor CONTENTS EDITORIAL PREFACE 1 ESSAY PRIZE WINNER Mapping the Settlement Period: Mnemotopographies in Egils saga Skalla-Grímssonar 4 Sarah Künzler Territorial Division in the Alfred-Guðrum Treaty: A Ninth Century Diplomatic Innovation? 22 Andrew G. Marriott and Steven P. Ashby Yngvars saga víðförla and the Ingvar Runestones: A Question of Evidence 54 Jim Gritton Gotland’s Box Brooches: Using Object Biography to Answer Questions of Ethnicity 87 Derek Parrott The Disputed Origins of Gunnhildr konungamóðir 112 Lyonel D. Perabo BOOK REVIEWS Taggart, Declan. 2018. How Thor Lost his Thunder: The Changing Faces of an Old Norse God (London and New York: Routledge) 138 Blake Middleton Åslaug Ommundsen and Tuomas Heikkilä (eds). 2017. Nordic Latin Manuscript Fragments: The Destruction and Reconstruction of the Medieval Book (London: Routledge) 143 Roberto Luigi Pagani Marianne E. Kalinke. 2017. Stories Set Forth with Fair Words: The Evolution of Medieval Romance in Iceland (Cardiff: University of Wales Press) 148 Ralph O’Connor CONTRIBUTORS 155 APARDJÓN VOLUME 2: CALL FOR PAPERS 157 EDITORIAL PREFACE pardjón Journal for Scandinavian Studies has come a long way since its inception in late 2017. The initial idea was to create an interdisciplinary periodical focusing on the Viking- and medieval North, exclusively managed and written by early-career Aresearchers in the field. Notwithstanding that our plan was simple and straight forward, there are many metaphorical cogwheels and sprockets involved in the making of a journal. We had anticipated some of the hurdles to come, but due to specific ramifications that were beyond our control or imagination, Apardjón froze in its tracks following major infrastructural changes to our research centre in 2018. In spite of these disappointing events, however, we were lucky to gain new recruits to the PhD programme in Scandinavian Studies that same year. On the suggestion of Professor Ralph O’Connor, the abandoned publishing venture was resurrected, and to our surprise, nearly all our original editors and reviewers wished to resume their involvement. After more than a year of setbacks, the first issue of Apardjón was finally in the making. We received a wide range of abstract submissions from our first call for papers. This interdisciplinary volume features five articles, each focusing on a different aspect of the Viking- and medieval North. In the prize-winning article, ‘Mapping the Settlement Period: Mnemotopographies in Egils saga Skalla-Grímssonar’, Dr Sarah Künzler utilizes Egils saga to demonstrate that Old Norse sagas can offer a glimpse into the spatial knowledge of the Middle Ages. In the following article, ‘Territorial Division in the Alfred-Guðrum Treaty – A Ninth- Century Diplomatic Innovation?’, Dr Andrew Marriott and Dr Steven Ashby consider Alfred and Guðrum’s political and strategic goals surrounding the development of the Treaty of Wedmore, while also exploring the function of boundaries. Next, in ‘Yngvars saga víðförla and the Ingvar Runestones: A Question of Evidence’, Jim Gritton re-examines the Ingvar Runestones alongside historical and geographical sources to determine if the Ingvar stated on the runestones is the same Ingvar of Yngvar saga víðförla, and to what extent the runestones bear witness to his expedition East. Derek Parrott employs the interdisciplinary approach of analysing archaeological materials alongside written and ethnographic sources to provide a better understanding of the role box brooches play in creating a Gotlandic identity in the article ‘Gotland’s Box Brooches: Using Object Biography to Answer Questions of Ethnicity’. In the fifth and final article, ‘The Disputed Origins of Gunnhildr konungamóðir’, Lyonel D. 1 Perabo utilises a range of primary sources to argue Gunnhildr’s North-Norwegian origins, whilst highlighting her place within Old Norse literature and history. Each of these articles have been through the rigorous academic process of blind peer- review. To keep in line with the journal’s objective to promote the academic work of early- career scholars, each reviewer is either a postgraduate or early-career researcher. The articles were edited multiple times by members of the editorial board, both internal and external to the University of Aberdeen. The internal editorial board who have contributed to the present volume consists of seven doctoral candidates belonging to the University of Aberdeen’s Centre for Scandinavian Studies: Daniel Cutts, Heidi Synnøve Djuve, Deniz Cem Gülen, Ingrid Hegland, Jennifer Hemphill, Solveig Marie Wang, and Caroline Wilhelmsson. Each editor has contributed to every step of the process, and with their invaluable input, they have helped bring this project to life. We have also been lucky to work together with an external editorial board, consisting of early-career researchers affiliated to different universities across Europe: Dr Hannah Booth, Linn Willetts Borgen, Dr Simon Nygaard, Roberto Luigi Pagani, Alessandro Palumbo, Dr Aya van Renterghem, Dr Brittany Schorn and Jessie Yusek. We are thankful for each member of both editorial boards, including those that have been part of the project since its inception as well as those who were recruited at a later stage. Similarly, we are grateful to all the researchers that volunteer as reviewers. Particularly owed mention amongst our reviewers is Dr Keith Ruiter, whose help and advice were of pivotal importance in the project’s infancy. Apardjón would not exist without all these scholars’ hard work, patience and commitment. Furthermore, this volume includes three book reviews: Blake Middleton reviews How Thor Lost his Thunder: The Changing Faces of an Old Norse God (2018), Roberto Luigi Pagani reviews Nordic Latin Manuscript Fragments: The Destruction and Reconstruction of the Medieval Book (2017) and Professor Ralph O’Connor reviews Stories Set Forth with Fair Words: The Evolution of Medieval Romance in Iceland (2017). Heidi Synnøve Djuve, Deniz Cem Gülen and Jennifer Hemphill worked with each book review contributor throughout the publication process. Also owed thanks is Kara Kersh, who during her MLitt in Scandinavian Studies at the University of Aberdeen kindly volunteered to manage the journal’s administrative duties. We are extremely grateful to The Viking Society for Northern Research for awarding us the funds for our essay prize, and to the University of Aberdeen Development Trust Experience Fund for financially supporting the present volume’s publication process. Additional funding from the University of Aberdeen’s School of Divinity, History and Philosophy was given to 2 host a celebratory launch conference of Apardjón; an event that has unfortunately been postponed for the time being due to the unusual and harrowing climate caused by COVID-19. Last but not least, Professor Stefan Brink and Dr Hannah Burrows are especially deserving of mention for their faith in the project from the very beginning. Without their resolute encouragement and unwavering confidence in their students, Apardjón would have never been more than the amusing topic of a trivial conversation at the University of Aberdeen campus pub. Their constant, sanguine attitude towards the project has been a driving force behind Apardjón. With warranted gratitude, we therefore dedicate this first issue to them. We extend our thanks to everyone who have supported the journal so far. We are already starting our work on the second volume, ‘Northern Peripheries’, and encourage our fellow early-career readers to submit an article, translation or book review by 1st August 2020. In the meantime, we sincerely hope you enjoy the present volume of Apardjón. On behalf of the editors, Heidi Synnøve Djuve and Jennifer Hemphill Aberdeen and Uppsala, 9th April 2020 3 ESSAY PRIZE WINNER Mapping the Settlement Period: Mnemotopographies
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    Pedigree of the Wilson Family N O P Namur** . NOP-1 Pegonitissa . NOP-203 Namur** . NOP-6 Pelaez** . NOP-205 Nantes** . NOP-10 Pembridge . NOP-208 Naples** . NOP-13 Peninton . NOP-210 Naples*** . NOP-16 Penthievre**. NOP-212 Narbonne** . NOP-27 Peplesham . NOP-217 Navarre*** . NOP-30 Perche** . NOP-220 Navarre*** . NOP-40 Percy** . NOP-224 Neuchatel** . NOP-51 Percy** . NOP-236 Neufmarche** . NOP-55 Periton . NOP-244 Nevers**. NOP-66 Pershale . NOP-246 Nevil . NOP-68 Pettendorf* . NOP-248 Neville** . NOP-70 Peverel . NOP-251 Neville** . NOP-78 Peverel . NOP-253 Noel* . NOP-84 Peverel . NOP-255 Nordmark . NOP-89 Pichard . NOP-257 Normandy** . NOP-92 Picot . NOP-259 Northeim**. NOP-96 Picquigny . NOP-261 Northumberland/Northumbria** . NOP-100 Pierrepont . NOP-263 Norton . NOP-103 Pigot . NOP-266 Norwood** . NOP-105 Plaiz . NOP-268 Nottingham . NOP-112 Plantagenet*** . NOP-270 Noyers** . NOP-114 Plantagenet** . NOP-288 Nullenburg . NOP-117 Plessis . NOP-295 Nunwicke . NOP-119 Poland*** . NOP-297 Olafsdotter*** . NOP-121 Pole*** . NOP-356 Olofsdottir*** . NOP-142 Pollington . NOP-360 O’Neill*** . NOP-148 Polotsk** . NOP-363 Orleans*** . NOP-153 Ponthieu . NOP-366 Orreby . NOP-157 Porhoet** . NOP-368 Osborn . NOP-160 Port . NOP-372 Ostmark** . NOP-163 Port* . NOP-374 O’Toole*** . NOP-166 Portugal*** . NOP-376 Ovequiz . NOP-173 Poynings . NOP-387 Oviedo* . NOP-175 Prendergast** . NOP-390 Oxton . NOP-178 Prescott . NOP-394 Pamplona . NOP-180 Preuilly . NOP-396 Pantolph . NOP-183 Provence*** . NOP-398 Paris*** . NOP-185 Provence** . NOP-400 Paris** . NOP-187 Provence** . NOP-406 Pateshull . NOP-189 Purefoy/Purifoy . NOP-410 Paunton . NOP-191 Pusterthal .
  • The Hostages of the Northmen: from the Viking Age to the Middle Ages

    The Hostages of the Northmen: from the Viking Age to the Middle Ages

    Part IV: Legal Rights It has previously been mentioned how hostages as rituals during peace processes – which in the sources may be described with an ambivalence, or ambiguity – and how people could be used as social capital in different conflicts. It is therefore important to understand how the persons who became hostages were vauled and how their new collective – the new household – responded to its new members and what was crucial for his or her status and participation in the new setting. All this may be related to the legal rights and special privileges, such as the right to wear coat of arms, weapons, or other status symbols. Personal rights could be regu- lated by agreements: oral, written, or even implied. Rights could also be related to the nature of the agreement itself, what kind of peace process the hostage occurred in and the type of hostage. But being a hostage also meant that a person was subjected to restric- tions on freedom and mobility. What did such situations meant for the hostage-taking party? What were their privileges and obli- gations? To answer these questions, a point of departure will be Kosto’s definition of hostages in continental and Mediterranean cultures around during the period 400–1400, when hostages were a form of security for the behaviour of other people. Hostages and law The hostage had its special role in legal contexts that could be related to the discussion in the introduction of the relationship between religion and law. The views on this subject are divided How to cite this book chapter: Olsson, S.