Table S1. Basic Ingredients Used in the 32 Collected Samples of Pcbbs. Country of Origin PCBB Commercial Name Flour Typea Basic

Table S1. Basic ingredients used in the 32 collected samples of PCBBs.

Basic ingredients Process used to Country PCBB commercial Flour VM increase a Carbohydrate Oleaginous & a of origin name type Other Premix source Legumes energy density Locally processed PCBBs malted Beau bébé (1st age) C maize, rice soybean germ sugar, fat yes cereals maize, rice, Beau bébé (2nd age) C soybean sugar, fat none yes tubers extrusion Céréso Ouando I maize, sorghum soybean sugar yes cooking Délices Familia C maize, millet _ salt none no Benin La famille (1st age) C maize, millet _ milk, sugar, vanilla none yes maize, millet, La famille (2nd age) C soybean milk, sugar, vanilla none yes sorghum maize, millet, Médivit (from 3 mo) C soybean _ none no rice, fonio maize, millet, extrusion Mickelange (2nd age) I _ milk, egg, sugar, salt yes cassava cooking groundnut, milk, sugar, iodized industrial Céréalor C yellow maize yes soybean salt amylase groundnut, industrial Misola C millet sugar, iodized salt yes soybean amylase groundnut, sugar, iodized salt, industrial Natavie C millet, sorghum yes soybean baobab fruit amylase groundnut, industrial Petit Gourmet C white maize soybean, sugar, iodized salt yes amylase sesame Burkina milk, sugar, Faso bicarbonate sodium, Vitaline biscuitée C maize, wheat groundnut citric acid, none yes dipotassium phosphate extrusion Vitaline Instantanée I maize groundnut milk, sugar yes cooking groundnut, sugar, iodized salt, industrial Vitazom C white maize soybean, yes vanillin amylase cowpea Ghana Best one special TB C rice, wheat soybean _ none no

Basic ingredients Process used to Country PCBB commercial Flour VM increase a Carbohydrate Oleaginous & a of origin name type Other Premix source Legumes energy density Crossover – millet & groundnut, C millet, wheat sugar none no wheat TB soybean Crossover – wheat & C wheat soybean sugar none no soybean TB Homefresh Haussa C millet, sorghum _ spices none no koko groundnut, Nacem TB C maize _ none no soybean groundnut, soybean, Nutritious sesame C maize, millet _ none no sesame, flax seeds, millet, sorghum, Oatmeal superb taste C soybean _ none no oat Renny Tom cereal groundnut, C rice, wheat _ none no legume mix soybean, beans groundnut, Vidamix - maize C maize _ none no soybean groundnut, Vidamix - millet C millet _ none no soybean groundnut, Sembo C maize, millet, rice none no cowpea Senegal groundnut, smoked dry fish, Sembo Lakhou Pissa C millet none no cowpea bissap PCBBs imported or produced under license of a multinational enterprise Ivory extrusion Farinor-rice I rice soybean milk, sugar, flavorings yes Coastb cooking maize, rice, milk, sugar, vegetable extrusion Brasilb Régalac-5 cereals I wheat, barley, oat _ fat, inulin, vanilla yes cooking flakes flavor milk, sugar, vegetable Régalac-wheat, milk, fat, banana, papaya, extrusion Brasilb I wheat _ yes 3 fruits apple, inulin, vanilla cooking flavor milk, sugar, salt, palm Cerelac-my 1st olein, maltodextrins, extrusion Ghanac I wheat _ yes wheat cereal vanillin, bifidus cooking culture

Basic ingredients Process used to Country PCBB commercial Flour VM increase a Carbohydrate Oleaginous & a of origin name type Other Premix source Legumes energy density milk, sugar, maltodextrins, extrusion Ghanad Yumvita I maize, wheat _ yes vegetable and fish oil, cooking vanillin a The flour type and VM Premix addition were determined according to the recommended mode of preparation on the packaging and information collected among producers. VM, Vitamins and Minerals; I, Instant; C, to be cooked; TB, Tom brown; b Imported into Senegal; c Produced in Ghana by Nestlé - a Swiss multinational company, and imported into Senegal; d Produced in Ghana, under license for Promasidor in Switzerland.

12 10 8 6 4 Price (in €) Price (in 2 0 Misola Sembo Farinor Cérélac Cérélac Cérélac Cérélac Natavie Médivit Régalac Vitaline Vitazom Céréalor Vidamix Yumvita Crossover Beau bébé Nacem TB Nacem La famille La Mickelange Haussa koko Lakhou Pissa Petit Gourmet Petit Céréso Ouando Délices Familia Délices Renny Tom mix Nutritious sesame Nutritious Best one special TB Oatmeal superb taste superb Oatmeal Benin Burkina Faso Ghana Senegal

Processed cereal-based blends

Figure S1: Mean prices of PCBBs (in euro/kg) according to the country where they were collected. Prices were collected at POS during the period from April to June 2016. TB : Tom brown. Darker bars are for products that are imported or produced under license from a large multinational enterprise.