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A Tribute to Gary J. Samuels

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A Tribute to Gary J. Samuels Studies in Mycology 68 (March 2011) Phylogenetic revision of taxonomic concepts in the Hypocreales and other Ascomycota - A tribute to Gary J. Samuels - Amy Rossman and Keith Seifert, editors CBS-KNAW Fungal Biodiversity Centre, Utrecht, The Netherlands An institute of the Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences Studies in Mycology The Studies in Mycology is an international journal which publishes systematic monographs of filamentous fungi and yeasts, and in rare occasions the proceedings of special meetings related to all fields of mycology, biotechnology, ecology, molecular biology, pathology and systematics. For instructions for authors see www.cbs.knaw.nl. ExEcutivE Editor Prof. dr dr hc Robert A. Samson, CBS-KNAW Fungal Biodiversity Centre, P.O. Box 85167, 3508 AD Utrecht, The Netherlands. E-mail: [email protected] Layout Editor Manon van den Hoeven-Verweij, CBS-KNAW Fungal Biodiversity Centre, P.O. Box 85167, 3508 AD Utrecht, The Netherlands. E-mail: [email protected] SciEntific EditorS Prof. dr Dominik Begerow, Lehrstuhl für Evolution und Biodiversität der Pflanzen, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Universitätsstr. 150, Gebäude ND 44780, Bochum, Germany. E-mail: [email protected] Prof. dr Uwe Braun, Martin-Luther-Universität, Institut für Biologie, Geobotanik und Botanischer Garten, Herbarium, Neuwerk 21, D-06099 Halle, Germany. E-mail: [email protected] Dr Paul Cannon, CABI and Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Jodrell Laboratory, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Richmond, Surrey TW9 3AB, U.K. E-mail: [email protected] Prof. dr Lori Carris, Associate Professor, Department of Plant Pathology, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164-6340, U.S.A. E-mail: [email protected] Prof. dr Pedro W. Crous, CBS-KNAW Fungal Biodiversity Centre, P.O. Box 85167, 3508 AD Utrecht, The Netherlands. E-mail: [email protected] Prof. dr David M. Geiser, Department of Plant Pathology, 121 Buckhout Laboratory, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, U.S.A. 16802. E-mail: [email protected] Dr Johannes Z. Groenewald, CBS-KNAW Fungal Biodiversity Centre, P.O. Box 85167, 3508 AD Utrecht, The Netherlands. E-mail: [email protected] Prof. dr David S. Hibbett, Department of Biology, Clark University, 950 Main Street, Worcester, Massachusetts, 01610-1477, U.S.A. E-mail: [email protected] Prof. dr Hyeon-Dong Shin, Division of Environmental Science & Ecological Engineering, Korea University, Seoul 136-701, Korea. E-mail: [email protected] Dr Lorelei L. Norvell, Pacific Northwest Mycology Service, 6720 NW Skyline Blvd, Portland, OR, U.S.A. 97229-1309. E-mail: [email protected] Dr Erast Parmasto, Institute of Zoology & Botany, 181 Riia Street, Tartu, Estonia EE-51014. E-mail: [email protected] Prof. dr Alan J.L. Phillips, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Quinta de Torre, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal. E-mail: [email protected] Dr Amy Y. Rossman, Rm 304, Bldg 011A, Systematic Botany & Mycology Laboratory, Beltsville, MD, U.S.A. 20705. E-mail: [email protected] Dr Keith A. Seifert, Research Scientist / Biodiversity (Mycology and Botany), Agriculture & Agri-Food Canada, KW Neatby Bldg, 960 Carling Avenue, Ottawa, ON, Canada K1A OC6. E-mail: [email protected] Dr Roger Shivas, Plant Pathology Herbarium, Agri-Science Queensland, Indooroopilly, Qld 4068, Australia. E-mail: [email protected] Dr Marc Stadler, InterMed Discovery GmbH, Otto-Hahn-Straße 15, D-44227 Dortmund, Germany. E-mail: [email protected] Prof. dr Jeffrey K. Stone, Department of Botany & Plant Pathology, Cordley 2082, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, U.S.A. 97331-2902. E-mail: [email protected] Dr Richard C. Summerbell, 27 Hillcrest Park, Toronto, Ont. M4X 1E8, Canada. E-mail: [email protected] Prof. dr Brett Summerell, Royal Botanic Gardens and Domain Trust, Mrs. Macquaries Road, Sydney, NSW 2000, Australia. E-mail: [email protected] Prof. dr Ulf Thrane, Department of Systems Biology, Center for Microbial Biotechnology, Technical University of Denmark, Søltofts Plads 221, DK-2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark. E-mail: [email protected] Copyright 2011 CBS-KNAW Fungal Biodiversity Centre, P.O. Box 85167, 3508 AD Utrecht, The Netherlands. You are free to share — to copy, distribute and transmit the work, under the following conditions: Attribution: You must attribute the work in the manner specified by the author or licensor (but not in any way that suggests that they endorse you or your use of the work). Non-commercial: You may not use this work for commercial purposes. No derivative works: You may not alter, transform, or build upon this work. For any reuse or distribution, you must make clear to others the license terms of this work, which can be found at http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/legalcode. Any of the above conditions can be waived if you get permission from the copyright holder. Nothing in this license impairs or restricts the author"s moral rights. Publication date: 22 March 2011 Published and distributed by CBS-KNAW Fungal Biodiversity Centre, P.O. Box 85167, 3508 AD Utrecht, The Netherlands. Internet: www.cbs.knaw.nl. E-mail: [email protected]. ISBN/EAN : 978-90-70351-84-7 Online ISSN : 1872-9797 Print ISSN : 0166-0616 Cover: Top from left to right: Conidiophores of Kylindria peruamazonensis in culture. Pulvinate stromatic subiculum with perithecia of Hypomyces aconidialis. Topmost parts of conidiophores with conidiogenous cells and conidia of Cladobotryum paravirescens. Bottom from left to right: Vertical section through conidioma of Guignardia korthalsellae. Vertical section through ascoma of G. korthalsellae. Upper part of a perithecium of Hypomyces virescens. PREFACE Phylogenetic revision of taxonomic concepts in the Following the lead primarily initiated by Lombard et al. (Stud. Hypocreales and other Ascomycota - A tribute to Mycol. 66, 2010), this approach was followed here by Gräfenhan et Gary J. Samuels al. and Schroers et al. in their revisions of parts of Fusarium sensu Wollenweber and Acremonium by Summerbell et al. This volume of Studies in Mycology is something of a successor Option 2 – Teleomorph priority with anamorphic species epithets. to another issue of the same journal published a decade ago, Transfer of anamorphic epithets to teleomorph genera for species "Molecules, Morphology and Classification: Towards Monophyletic that lack known teleomorphs. New teleomorph generic names Genera in the Ascomycetes’ (vol. 45, edited by Seifert, Gams, are described when teleomorphs are discovered, irrespective of Crous & Samuels 2000). In that issue, the authors grappled with whether a previously described anamorph generic name exists. questions of integrating the new phylogenetic information derived This option maintains the primacy of teleomorph names at both from DNA sequencing into a classification system that was already complicated by the need to accommodate fungal pleomorphy. In the genus and species rank. It was exercised in part by Chaverri the intervening time, mycologists have become less tentative about et al. in their revision of Neonectria sensu lato, and the associated handling this complexity. The present volume continues the trend of anamorph genera Cylindrocarpon and Campylocarpon. applying multigene phylogenetics to generic and species concepts, extending the higher taxonomic level studies of the Assembling the Option 3 – Teleomorph priority with earlier anamorph species Fungal Tree of Life project into a more finely resolved realm. epithets not considered. Teleomorph genus and species name are both given priority. No There is another controversy brewing in the consciousness of attempt is made to revise anamorph genus or species names to contemporary ascomycete taxonomists, namely the issue of determine if older names exist. dual nomenclature, the practise that allows (and in some minds In common with Option 2, this option also maintains the demands) the use of two or more Latin binomials for one fungal primacy of teleomorph names and both the genus and species species, one for the teleomorph, if known, and the other(s) for the rank, but discounts known or unknown anamorph names from anamorph(s). This has been the focus of passionate discussion and consideration in the construction of binomials. This practise was debate in special sessions at the last three International Mycological followed by Hirooka et al. in their revision of Nectria cinnabarina, in Congresses. When we intiated this collection of papers in 2008, we parts of the revision of Neonectria by Chaverri et al., the revision of were not intending for a particular theme to arise. We knew the Plagiostoma by Meija et al. and the description of the new species papers would focus on Ascomycete systematics, and pay homage Guignardia korthalsellae by Sultan et al. Disregarding of anamorph to the craft of our honoree, Gary Samuels, i.e. an attention to names, however, does not always indicate a rejection of anamorph quality illustrations, complete descriptions, anamorph-teleomorph taxonomy per se; in the last example, there is no comprehensive connections, and species-level molecular phylogenetics. But revision of the anamorph genus Phyllosticta to enable the selection along the way, in one way or another, most of the authors found of possible earlier epithets for G. korthalsellae. themselves facing the concept of dual nomenclature, most of them trying to work around it in their own way. Option 4 – Teleotypification. Teleotypification of previously Although there is disagreement among mycologists about the anamorphic names (genus or species) to holomorphic status. need for a single name nomenclatural system, most would probably This recently implemented provision of the ICBN in the Vienna agree with the following statements: Code (Art. 59.7) allows the status of an originally anamorphic name to be converted to holomorphic status by epitypification of its type A. Taxonomists should try to minimise name changes. specimen with a teleomorphic specimen. This provision cannot B. If name changes are proposed, a stable nomenclature be used if an existing teleomorph is already named.
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