Illuminating Type Collections of Nectriaceous Fungi in Saccardo's
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Development and Evaluation of Rrna Targeted in Situ Probes and Phylogenetic Relationships of Freshwater Fungi
Development and evaluation of rRNA targeted in situ probes and phylogenetic relationships of freshwater fungi vorgelegt von Diplom-Biologin Christiane Baschien aus Berlin Von der Fakultät III - Prozesswissenschaften der Technischen Universität Berlin zur Erlangung des akademischen Grades Doktorin der Naturwissenschaften - Dr. rer. nat. - genehmigte Dissertation Promotionsausschuss: Vorsitzender: Prof. Dr. sc. techn. Lutz-Günter Fleischer Berichter: Prof. Dr. rer. nat. Ulrich Szewzyk Berichter: Prof. Dr. rer. nat. Felix Bärlocher Berichter: Dr. habil. Werner Manz Tag der wissenschaftlichen Aussprache: 19.05.2003 Berlin 2003 D83 Table of contents INTRODUCTION ..................................................................................................................................... 1 MATERIAL AND METHODS .................................................................................................................. 8 1. Used organisms ............................................................................................................................. 8 2. Media, culture conditions, maintenance of cultures and harvest procedure.................................. 9 2.1. Culture media........................................................................................................................... 9 2.2. Culture conditions .................................................................................................................. 10 2.3. Maintenance of cultures.........................................................................................................10 -
Diversity of Endophytic Fungi from Different Verticillium-Wilt-Resistant
J. Microbiol. Biotechnol. (2014), 24(9), 1149–1161 http://dx.doi.org/10.4014/jmb.1402.02035 Research Article Review jmb Diversity of Endophytic Fungi from Different Verticillium-Wilt-Resistant Gossypium hirsutum and Evaluation of Antifungal Activity Against Verticillium dahliae In Vitro Zhi-Fang Li†, Ling-Fei Wang†, Zi-Li Feng, Li-Hong Zhao, Yong-Qiang Shi, and He-Qin Zhu* State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, Henan 455000, P. R. China Received: February 18, 2014 Revised: May 16, 2014 Cotton plants were sampled and ranked according to their resistance to Verticillium wilt. In Accepted: May 16, 2014 total, 642 endophytic fungi isolates representing 27 genera were recovered from Gossypium hirsutum root, stem, and leaf tissues, but were not uniformly distributed. More endophytic fungi appeared in the leaf (391) compared with the root (140) and stem (111) sections. First published online However, no significant difference in the abundance of isolated endophytes was found among May 19, 2014 resistant cotton varieties. Alternaria exhibited the highest colonization frequency (7.9%), *Corresponding author followed by Acremonium (6.6%) and Penicillium (4.8%). Unlike tolerant varieties, resistant and Phone: +86-372-2562280; susceptible ones had similar endophytic fungal population compositions. In three Fax: +86-372-2562280; Verticillium-wilt-resistant cotton varieties, fungal endophytes from the genus Alternaria were E-mail: [email protected] most frequently isolated, followed by Gibberella and Penicillium. The maximum concentration † These authors contributed of dominant endophytic fungi was observed in leaf tissues (0.1797). The evenness of stem equally to this work. -
Clonostachys Saulensis (Bionectriaceae, Hypocreales), a New Species from French Guiana
Clonostachys saulensis (Bionectriaceae, Hypocreales), a new species from French Guiana Christian LECHAT Abstract: Clonostachys saulensis sp. nov. is described and illustrated based on a collection on bark of dead Jacques FOURNIER liana in French Guiana. this species is placed in Clonostachys (= Bionectria) based on its clonostachys-like Delphine CHADULI asexual morph, ascomata not changing colour in 3% Koh or lactic acid and phylogenetic comparison of itS Laurence LESAGE-MEESSEN sequences with known species of Clonostachys. Clonostachys saulensis is primarily characterized by non- stromatic, smooth, pale brown, globose ascomata coated with a whitish powdery scurf from base up to half Anne FAVEL height and turning blackish upon drying. Based on comparison of morphological characteristics of sexual- asexual morphs and molecular data with known species, C. saulensis is proposed as a new species. Ascomycete.org, 11 (3) : 65–68 Keywords: Ascomycota, ribosomal DnA, taxonomy. Mise en ligne le 08/05/2019 10.25664/ART-0260 Résumé : Clonostachys saulensis sp. nov. est décrite et illustrée d’après une récolte effectuée sur écorce de liane morte en Guyane française. cette espèce est placée dans le genre Clonostachys (= Bionectria) d’après sa forme asexuée de type clonostachys, les ascomes ne changeant pas de couleur dans Koh à 3% ou dans l’acide lactique et la comparaison phylogénétique des séquences itS avec les espèces connues de Clonos- tachys. Clonostachys saulensis est principalement caractérisée par des ascomes globuleux, sans stroma, brun pâle, couverts d’une pellicule poudreuse blanchâtre de la base jusqu’à la moitié de la hauteur, devenant noi- râtres en séchant. en se fondant sur la comparaison des caractères morphologiques et des données molé- culaires avec les espèces connues, C. -
Pronectria Rhizocarpicola, a New Lichenicolous Fungus from Switzerland
Mycosphere 926–928 (2013) ISSN 2077 7019 www.mycosphere.org Article Mycosphere Copyright © 2013 Online Edition Doi 10.5943/mycosphere/4/5/4 Pronectria rhizocarpicola, a new lichenicolous fungus from Switzerland Brackel WV Wolfgang von Brackel, Institut für Vegetationskunde und Landschaftsökologie, Georg-Eger-Str. 1b, D-91334 Hemhofen, Germany. – e-mail: [email protected] Brackel WV 2013 – Pronectria rhizocarpicola, a new lichenicolous fungus from Switzerland. Mycosphere 4(5), 926–928, Doi 10.5943/mycosphere/4/5/4 Abstract Pronectria rhizocarpicola, a new species of Bionectriaceae is described and illustrated. It is growing parasitically on Rhizocarpon geographicum in the Swiss Alps. Key words – Ascomycota – bionectriaceae – hypocreales Introduction The genus Pronectria currently comprises 44 species, including 2 algicolous and 42 lichenicolous species. Most of the lichenicolous species are living on foliose and fruticose lichens (32 species), only a few on squamulose and crustose lichens (10 species). No species of the genus was ever reported from the host genus Rhizocarpon. Materials and methods Morphological and anatomical observations were made using standard microscopic techniques. Microscopic measurements were made on hand-cut sections mounted in water with an accuracy up to 0.5 µm. Measurements of ascospores and asci are recorded as (minimum–) X-σ X – X+σ X (–maximum) followed by the number of measurements. The holotype is deposited in M, one isotype in the private herbarium of the author (hb ivl). Results Pronectria rhizocarpicola Brackel, sp. nov. Figs 1–2 MycoBank 805068 Etymology – pertaining to the host genus Rhizocarpon. Diagnosis – Fungus lichenicola in thallo et ascomatibus lichenis Rhizocarpon geographicum crescens. -
A Synonym of <I>Dacrymyces</I> Rather Than
ISSN (print) 0093-4666 © 2013. Mycotaxon, Ltd. ISSN (online) 2154-8889 MYCOTAXON http://dx.doi.org/10.5248/123.205 Volume 123, pp. 205–211 January–March 2013 Pionnotes, a synonym of Dacrymyces rather than Fusarium Keith A. Seifert Biodiversity (Mycology & Botany), Agriculture & Agri-Food Canada, Ottawa, ON, K1A 0C6 Canada Correspondence to: [email protected] Abstract — The holotype of Fusarium capitatum, the type of the genus Pionnotes, was re-examined. Although Pionnotes was historically considered a synonym of Fusarium, it should henceforth be designated a synonym of Dacrymyces, with F. capitatum a synonym of D. chrysospermus. The generic name Pionnotes and species epithet capitatum should be evaluated further in future phylogenetic revisions of the Dacrymycetales, where most of the genera as currently understood are polyphyletic, and many common species such as D. chrysospermus may represent complexes of phylogenetic species. Key words — Hypocreales, Dacrymyces palmatus, Guepiniopsis, taxonomy Introduction ‘Pionnotes’ is an obscure term in the mycological lexicon. As a noun, it is mostly used in the taxonomy of Fusarium Link for colonies that have lost the discrete sporodochia that characterize the wild type. Its use as a descriptive term was probably proposed first in German by Appel & Wollenweber (1910: 28) as, “lagerartige Konidienansammlungen, die keine bestimmte Form haben und als Pionnotes mehr oder weniger ausgebreitete Schleime darstellen.” By the time of the first international meeting of Fusarium taxonomists held at the University of Wisconsin in Madison in August 1924, pionnote was firmly established in the English terminology of Fusarium taxonomy (Wollenweber et al. 1925). In the modern literature, the term is still often used although, surprisingly, rarely explicitly defined (Booth 1971, Nelson et al. -
Developmental Biology of Xyleborus Bispinatus (Coleoptera
Fungal Ecology 35 (2018) 116e126 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Fungal Ecology journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/funeco Developmental biology of Xyleborus bispinatus (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) reared on an artificial medium and fungal cultivation of symbiotic fungi in the beetle's galleries * L.F. Cruz a, , S.A. Rocio a, b, L.G. Duran a, b, O. Menocal a, C.D.J. Garcia-Avila c, D. Carrillo a a Tropical Research and Education Center, University of Florida, 18905 SW 280th St, Homestead, 33031, FL, USA b Universidad Autonoma Chapingo, Km 38.5 Carretera Mexico - Texcoco, Chapingo, Mex, 56230, Mexico c Servicio Nacional de Sanidad, Inocuidad y Calidad Agroalimentaria, Unidad Integral de Diagnostico, Servicios y Constatacion, Tecamac, 55740, Estado de Mexico, Mexico article info abstract Article history: Survival of ambrosia beetles relies on obligate nutritional relationships with fungal symbionts that are Received 10 January 2018 cultivated in tunnels excavated in the sapwood of their host trees. The dynamics of fungal associates, Received in revised form along with the developmental biology, and gallery construction of the ambrosia beetle Xyleborus bispi- 10 July 2018 natus were elaborated. One generation of this ambrosia beetle was reared in an artificial medium con- Accepted 12 July 2018 taining avocado sawdust. The developmental time from egg to adult ranged from 22 to 24 d. The mean Available online 23 August 2018 total gallery length (14.4 cm and 13 tunnels) positively correlated with the number of adults. The most Corresponding Editor: Peter Biedermann prevalent fungal associates were Raffaelea arxii in the foundress mycangia and new galleries, and Raf- faelea subfusca in the mycangia of the F1 adults and the final stages of the galleries. -
Fungal Diversity Driven by Bark Features Affects Phorophyte
www.nature.com/scientificreports OPEN Fungal diversity driven by bark features afects phorophyte preference in epiphytic orchids from southern China Lorenzo Pecoraro1*, Hanne N. Rasmussen2, Sofa I. F. Gomes3, Xiao Wang1, Vincent S. F. T. Merckx3, Lei Cai4 & Finn N. Rasmussen5 Epiphytic orchids exhibit varying degrees of phorophyte tree specifcity. We performed a pilot study to investigate why epiphytic orchids prefer or avoid certain trees. We selected two orchid species, Panisea unifora and Bulbophyllum odoratissimum co-occurring in a forest habitat in southern China, where they showed a specifc association with Quercus yiwuensis and Pistacia weinmannifolia trees, respectively. We analysed a number of environmental factors potentially infuencing the relationship between orchids and trees. Diference in bark features, such as water holding capacity and pH were recorded between Q. yiwuensis and P. weinmannifolia, which could infuence both orchid seed germination and fungal diversity on the two phorophytes. Morphological and molecular culture-based methods, combined with metabarcoding analyses, were used to assess fungal communities associated with studied orchids and trees. A total of 162 fungal species in 74 genera were isolated from bark samples. Only two genera, Acremonium and Verticillium, were shared by the two phorophyte species. Metabarcoding analysis confrmed the presence of signifcantly diferent fungal communities on the investigated tree and orchid species, with considerable similarity between each orchid species and its host tree, suggesting that the orchid-host tree association is infuenced by the fungal communities of the host tree bark. Epiphytism is one of the most common examples of commensalism occurring in terrestrial environments, which provides advantages, such as less competition and increased access to light, protection from terrestrial herbivores, and better fower exposure to pollinators and seed dispersal 1,2. -
Download from Genbank, and the Outgroup Monilochaetes Infuscans CBS 379.77 and CBS , RNA Polymerase II Second Largest Subunit
Mycological Progress (2019) 18:1135–1154 https://doi.org/10.1007/s11557-019-01511-4 ORIGINAL ARTICLE New plectosphaerellaceous species from Dutch garden soil Alejandra Giraldo1,2 & Margarita Hernández-Restrepo1 & Pedro W. Crous1,2,3 Received: 8 April 2019 /Revised: 17 July 2019 /Accepted: 2 August 2019 # The Author(s) 2019 Abstract During 2017, the Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute (WI) and the Utrecht University Museum launched a Citizen Science project. Dutch school children collected soil samples from gardens at different localities in the Netherlands, and submitted them to the WI where they were analysed in order to find new fungal species. Around 3000 fungal isolates, including filamentous fungi and yeasts, were cultured, preserved and submitted for DNA sequencing. Through analysis of the ITS and LSU sequences from the obtained isolates, several plectosphaerellaceous fungi were identified for further study. Based on morphological characters and the combined analysis of the ITS and TEF1-α sequences, some isolates were found to represent new species in the genera Phialoparvum,i.e.Ph. maaspleinense and Ph. rietveltiae,andPlectosphaerella,i.e.Pl. hanneae and Pl. verschoorii, which are described and illustrated here. Keywords Biodiversity . Citizen Science project . Phialoparvum . Plectosphaerella . Soil-born fungi Introduction phylogenetic fungal lineages in soil-inhabiting fungi (Tedersoo et al. 2017). Soil is one of the main reservoirs of fungal species and Among Ascomycota, the family Plectosphaerellaceae commonly ranks as the most abundant source regarding (Glomerellales, Sordariomycetes) harbours important plant fungal biomass and physiological activity. Fungal diver- pathogens such as Verticillium dahliae, V. alboatrum and sity is affected by the variety of microscopic habitats and Plectosphaerella cucumerina, but also several saprobic genera microenvironments present in soils (Anderson and usually found in soil, i.e. -
Lichens and Associated Fungi from Glacier Bay National Park, Alaska
The Lichenologist (2020), 52,61–181 doi:10.1017/S0024282920000079 Standard Paper Lichens and associated fungi from Glacier Bay National Park, Alaska Toby Spribille1,2,3 , Alan M. Fryday4 , Sergio Pérez-Ortega5 , Måns Svensson6, Tor Tønsberg7, Stefan Ekman6 , Håkon Holien8,9, Philipp Resl10 , Kevin Schneider11, Edith Stabentheiner2, Holger Thüs12,13 , Jan Vondrák14,15 and Lewis Sharman16 1Department of Biological Sciences, CW405, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2R3, Canada; 2Department of Plant Sciences, Institute of Biology, University of Graz, NAWI Graz, Holteigasse 6, 8010 Graz, Austria; 3Division of Biological Sciences, University of Montana, 32 Campus Drive, Missoula, Montana 59812, USA; 4Herbarium, Department of Plant Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA; 5Real Jardín Botánico (CSIC), Departamento de Micología, Calle Claudio Moyano 1, E-28014 Madrid, Spain; 6Museum of Evolution, Uppsala University, Norbyvägen 16, SE-75236 Uppsala, Sweden; 7Department of Natural History, University Museum of Bergen Allégt. 41, P.O. Box 7800, N-5020 Bergen, Norway; 8Faculty of Bioscience and Aquaculture, Nord University, Box 2501, NO-7729 Steinkjer, Norway; 9NTNU University Museum, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, NO-7491 Trondheim, Norway; 10Faculty of Biology, Department I, Systematic Botany and Mycology, University of Munich (LMU), Menzinger Straße 67, 80638 München, Germany; 11Institute of Biodiversity, Animal Health and Comparative Medicine, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK; 12Botany Department, State Museum of Natural History Stuttgart, Rosenstein 1, 70191 Stuttgart, Germany; 13Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, London SW7 5BD, UK; 14Institute of Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Zámek 1, 252 43 Průhonice, Czech Republic; 15Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, Branišovská 1760, CZ-370 05 České Budějovice, Czech Republic and 16Glacier Bay National Park & Preserve, P.O. -
The Phylogeny of Plant and Animal Pathogens in the Ascomycota
Physiological and Molecular Plant Pathology (2001) 59, 165±187 doi:10.1006/pmpp.2001.0355, available online at http://www.idealibrary.com on MINI-REVIEW The phylogeny of plant and animal pathogens in the Ascomycota MARY L. BERBEE* Department of Botany, University of British Columbia, 6270 University Blvd, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada (Accepted for publication August 2001) What makes a fungus pathogenic? In this review, phylogenetic inference is used to speculate on the evolution of plant and animal pathogens in the fungal Phylum Ascomycota. A phylogeny is presented using 297 18S ribosomal DNA sequences from GenBank and it is shown that most known plant pathogens are concentrated in four classes in the Ascomycota. Animal pathogens are also concentrated, but in two ascomycete classes that contain few, if any, plant pathogens. Rather than appearing as a constant character of a class, the ability to cause disease in plants and animals was gained and lost repeatedly. The genes that code for some traits involved in pathogenicity or virulence have been cloned and characterized, and so the evolutionary relationships of a few of the genes for enzymes and toxins known to play roles in diseases were explored. In general, these genes are too narrowly distributed and too recent in origin to explain the broad patterns of origin of pathogens. Co-evolution could potentially be part of an explanation for phylogenetic patterns of pathogenesis. Robust phylogenies not only of the fungi, but also of host plants and animals are becoming available, allowing for critical analysis of the nature of co-evolutionary warfare. Host animals, particularly human hosts have had little obvious eect on fungal evolution and most cases of fungal disease in humans appear to represent an evolutionary dead end for the fungus. -
(Hypocreales) Proposed for Acceptance Or Rejection
IMA FUNGUS · VOLUME 4 · no 1: 41–51 doi:10.5598/imafungus.2013.04.01.05 Genera in Bionectriaceae, Hypocreaceae, and Nectriaceae (Hypocreales) ARTICLE proposed for acceptance or rejection Amy Y. Rossman1, Keith A. Seifert2, Gary J. Samuels3, Andrew M. Minnis4, Hans-Josef Schroers5, Lorenzo Lombard6, Pedro W. Crous6, Kadri Põldmaa7, Paul F. Cannon8, Richard C. Summerbell9, David M. Geiser10, Wen-ying Zhuang11, Yuuri Hirooka12, Cesar Herrera13, Catalina Salgado-Salazar13, and Priscila Chaverri13 1Systematic Mycology & Microbiology Laboratory, USDA-ARS, Beltsville, Maryland 20705, USA; corresponding author e-mail: Amy.Rossman@ ars.usda.gov 2Biodiversity (Mycology), Eastern Cereal and Oilseed Research Centre, Agriculture & Agri-Food Canada, Ottawa, ON K1A 0C6, Canada 3321 Hedgehog Mt. Rd., Deering, NH 03244, USA 4Center for Forest Mycology Research, Northern Research Station, USDA-U.S. Forest Service, One Gifford Pincheot Dr., Madison, WI 53726, USA 5Agricultural Institute of Slovenia, Hacquetova 17, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia 6CBS-KNAW Fungal Biodiversity Centre, Uppsalalaan 8, 3584 CT Utrecht, The Netherlands 7Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences and Natural History Museum, University of Tartu, Vanemuise 46, 51014 Tartu, Estonia 8Jodrell Laboratory, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Surrey TW9 3AB, UK 9Sporometrics, Inc., 219 Dufferin Street, Suite 20C, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M6K 1Y9 10Department of Plant Pathology and Environmental Microbiology, 121 Buckhout Laboratory, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802 USA 11State -
Delimitation of Neonectria and Cylindrocarpon (Nectriaceae, Hypocreales, Ascomycota) and Related Genera with Cylindrocarpon-Like Anamorphs
available online at www.studiesinmycology.org StudieS in Mycology 68: 57–78. 2011. doi:10.3114/sim.2011.68.03 Delimitation of Neonectria and Cylindrocarpon (Nectriaceae, Hypocreales, Ascomycota) and related genera with Cylindrocarpon-like anamorphs P. Chaverri1*, C. Salgado1, Y. Hirooka1, 2, A.Y. Rossman2 and G.J. Samuels2 1University of Maryland, Department of Plant Sciences and Landscape Architecture, 2112 Plant Sciences Building, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA; 2United States Department of Agriculture, Agriculture Research Service, Systematic Mycology and Microbiology Laboratory, Rm. 240, B-010A, 10300 Beltsville Avenue, Beltsville, Maryland 20705, USA *Correspondence: Priscila Chaverri, [email protected] Abstract: Neonectria is a cosmopolitan genus and it is, in part, defined by its link to the anamorph genusCylindrocarpon . Neonectria has been divided into informal groups on the basis of combined morphology of anamorph and teleomorph. Previously, Cylindrocarpon was divided into four groups defined by presence or absence of microconidia and chlamydospores. Molecular phylogenetic analyses have indicated that Neonectria sensu stricto and Cylindrocarpon sensu stricto are phylogenetically congeneric. In addition, morphological and molecular data accumulated over several years have indicated that Neonectria sensu lato and Cylindrocarpon sensu lato do not form a monophyletic group and that the respective informal groups may represent distinct genera. In the present work, a multilocus analysis (act, ITS, LSU, rpb1, tef1, tub) was applied to representatives of the informal groups to determine their level of phylogenetic support as a first step towards taxonomic revision of Neonectria sensu lato. Results show five distinct highly supported clades that correspond to some extent with the informal Neonectria and Cylindrocarpon groups that are here recognised as genera: (1) N.