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An Investigation Into the Causation of Lathyrism In July, 1922.) CAUSATION OF LATHYRISM IN MAN: ACTON. 241 is eaten as a In times1 of plenty it dal, with * Y wheat hand-bread, or rice, or as puris, but in to the Articles. ' times of famine owing high price iaf wheat Original forced to consist of and rice, their diet is only are unobtainable kesari dal. Vegetables, etc., the drought. _ during Ihe dwarf AN INVESTIGATION INTO THE (2) Lathvrus ciccra.? chickling and and is CAUSATION OF LATHYRISM IN MAN. is crown in France, Italy, Algeria, for cattle. When wheat is dear, HUGH W. ACTON, i.m.s., used as fodder By Major to make bread it is used instead of flour Pathology and Bacteriology, School of Ihe Professor of (3) lathvrus clymenum.? Spanish Tropical Mcdicinc and Hygiene, Calcutta. North Africa and the vetch, is grown in Spain, H. August 1921, Major W. Pierpoint, In we are concerned with the to Sutna to the India, only i m s invited me up investigate Lein Some believe that sativns or kesari dal. a type of spastic paraplegia, Lathyrus disease lathyrism, not but that the seeds the inhabitants of North the ddl itself is poisonous, common amongst takes place, decompose, or some paras,tic growth is in this way ; snudar by the as due and the poison produced The paralysis is regarded people of ergot. Others consider diet of kcsari ddl to the production to an exclusive are due to the eating that the symptoms Agrostemma sativus). or to the Lolntm (Lathyrus me corn-cockle), Major Pierpoint assured that the disease githago (the in this part of the State and tcmulcntum (the darnal). was very prevalent ^stier isolated an alkaloid which he the few I had ai my 1 ought In 1883 dnring days disposal, but gave no experimental in at least a as the poison, to have no (difficulty examining regarded of his view In 917, cases. He wanted to know evidence in support couple of hundred an alkaloid, but m take to prevent this terrible Stockman also isolated only what measures to and he was unable to ob- for life so of the very minute quantities, affliction which .crippled m;any large amount to analyse this State. tain a sufficiently subjects of formula. Furthermore Dr. Suda- I was to but Pier- its molecular anxious collaborate, Major been on M.sc., has working the point requested me to conduct my own investiga- moy Ghosc, of the subject and has isolated tions on this disease, for he was too to chemical aspect only glad which gives most of the have given me the lead. I am therefore indebted a non-toxic amine to him, not only for having this re- alkaloMal tests. instigated the amine m the but also for his The chemistry of produced search, help during the clinical will be dealt with examination of these cases, and furthermore for ?Train during germination the research is still not complete. the necessary information from the separately, a?s obtaining live on an exclusive diet of officials about the will not various State harwar system people to famine, and I so or vetch unless compelled by and other factors that play large a part in the dal that the of the prevention of causatiion of this disease. will show problem rus is enough by my finding Three of lathy are as latbyrism simple species regarded is water soluble i.e., it can be and endemic in m;an that the poison causing epidemic poisoning the gram m three of are: removed by soaking changes and animals. They hours Yet When we are in water the 24 (1) sativus.?Generally known during illiterate Lathyrus a half starved ddl, teora, or buttorah ka ddl. dealing with population India as kcsari circumstances to live on a the as who are forced by The are of two sizes, larger known of this the soak- peas or diet vetch, on wheat land, and the smaller nartial exclusive lakh is grown dry even if it were carried out, on wet rice fields. incr of the grain, lakhari is cultivated with the making of flour the grain lakh which is would interfere In Rewah, larger is therefore a sociological one, is as more The solution from Bhagalpur, regarded I will m the aboli- imported and should consist-as show, than the smaller indigenous vetch. the of poisonous in tion of the harwar system, controlling ddl is taken various ways by the The kcsari and relief during famine years and It be into flour, food prices common people. may ground the mineral which at lof wealth, # raw flour is moistened with the utilisation and eafen raw ; the unworked as concessions added, and the mash is present is practically water salt and chillies to are companies. or the flour may be made up rarely granted known as sutto; The disease is very common in and baked on an Aetiology. into hand-bread or chappaties, India and the United some oartsi of Central iron , 1857, in the North-West Pro- plate. in and Provinces. Irving, The vetch is also boiled water with salt now the United Provinces, considered that soup is known as ddl, and vince, onions, the thick pea as many as 6 per cent, of the or the boiled vetch in some districts eaten with the hand-bread; whilst A. in were affected Buchanan, be made into small thick cakes, fried population may up that about 7,600 persons were or oil and called 1904, estimated clarified butter puns. district alone. "(ghee), as in the both as a food for cattle, affected Saugor The vetch is used a to its From Sutna to Rewah distance of 30 miles, as for and owing cheap price, well man, of we met these I count of the number persons it is eaten all the year round by people. kept 242 THE INDIAN MEDICAL GAZETTE. [July, 1922. walking on the road side. We saw 94 individuals lowest Sudra class, and both men and women of whom 8 were suffering- from lathyrism, twio work in the quarries as stone breakers. An of these cases we were returning home after had explanation that was given to me by the more examined them at This the hospital. would intelligent men employed as overseers, was that to 6 and correspond Irving'si per cent., would during famine years, the women eat less in .order mean that there were about 60,000 lathyrism to save the food for their husbands and children, cases in North Rewah. and consequently m.any die from starvation. I carefully examined 204 individuals, who The women that survive by eating less kesari dal were chosen at random, in order to ascertain the get less of the poison. various factors that a part in the causa- played Occupation.?All these cases, with the excep- tion of this disease. Some of the cases were tion of two poor Brahmin were of the collected but the beggars, by Major Bierpoint, majority lowest Sudra class, Teli, Kachi, Koals, etc., and were seen at the Sutna lime works and I am practically everyone of them had been bondmen indebted to Mr. Holden the for all the Manager (luguwars). Their wage as harwars (literally help he me in these indivi- gave getting together is two annas a day, and during duals. ploughmen), famine years they are paid in kind (kesari dal). In the lime works, two or three hundred of If they become affected with lathyrism and can- these men and women are employed in breaking not plough, or be of use on the land, they are up the lime stone, before it is burnt in the kiln. turned 'out by their masters (Kasans), and have The large boulders of lime stone are placed to earn their living by begging, stone breaking, before them in heaps, artd they smash them into etc. Many of them migrate to the larger cities, smjall pieces, the crushed stone isi taken away in Patna, Benares, Bombay and Calcutta, and small baskets by the able bodied men and form a large percentage of the beggar population. women. Relation to famine years.?The last hundred Each was individual examined separately, in cases were m;ore examined on this order to in their carefully prevent any errors answers. point and they invariably stated that when they These are to be ignorant people apt very suspici- became paralysed there was a famine in their ous of any examination, and to save themselves district. from -thinking or to possibly avoid trouble later, The rainfall in Rewah is not distributed would merely repeat the answer they had heard evenly over the State and the (official of famine given -by the person in front of them. years are when a over the whole of For this were collected in a court- drought prevailed reason, they the State. The Home Member, Rewah State, yard and examined one at a time, and then allow- informed me that the famine years were ed to so that there was no communica- go away, 1896-97, 1918-19, 1919-20, tion between the examined and those 1899-1900, 1907-08, persons whilst Major Colvin, i.A., Acting Regent in his waiting their turn. D. O. No. 7464, d., 29th September, 1921. gave is in 5 Age.?The age interval given yearly the famine years since 1890 as 1896-97, intervals for the first thirty years of life, be- 1908-09, 1918-19, 1919-20. These illiterate cause these when usuallv estimate people young people were usually very hazy about the actual their in 5 intervals. After 30 years of age year year in which they got the disease.
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