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Water Audit of the Volta Basin

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Water Audit of the Volta Basin Water Audit Volta Basin - Final Report WORLD CONSERVATION UNION (IUCN) (WEST AFRICAN REGIONAL OFFICE) PROJECT FOR IMPROVING WATER GOVERNANCE IN THE VOLTA BASIN (PAGEV) WATER AUDIT OF THE VOLTA BASIN FINAL REPORT Nii Consult P.O. Box OS 981 Osu – Accra. Tel: 233-21-761007 Fax: 233-21-761008 E-mail: [email protected] Nii Consult – August 2007 Water Audit Volta Basin - Final Report AUGUST, 2007 Nii Consult – August 2007 Water Audit Volta Basin - Final Report LIST OF ACRONYMS AND APPREVIATIONS BF - Burkina Faso BMB - German Ministry of Education and Research CD - Compact Disk CSIR - Council for Scientific and Industrial Research DGRIH - Direction General for Inventory of Hydraulic Resources (Burkina Faso) DSS Decision Support System GLOWA - Global Hydrological Cycle GMA - Ghana Meteorological Agency GOG - Government of Ghana HSD - Hydrological Services Department HYCOS - Hydrological Cycle Observing System IUCN - World Conservation Union IWRM - Integrated Water Resources Management NMI - National Meteorological Institute ONEA - National Office for Water and Sewerage PAGEV - Project for Improving Water Governance in the Volta Basin PET - Potential Evapotranspiration SAP - Strategic Action Plan SONABEL - National Electricity Company of Burkina Faso TDA - Transboundary Diagnostic Analysis VBTC - Volta Basin Technical Committee WEAP - Water Evaluation and Planning System Nii Consult – August 2007 i Water Audit Volta Basin - Final Report Table of Contents EXECUTIVE SUMMARY .................................................................................................................................................. 1 1. INTRODUCTION ........................................................................................................................................................ 7 1.1 BACKGROUND ........................................................................................................................................................ 7 1.1.1 Development Context (Water Management in the Volta River Basin) ............................................................. 7 1.1.2 River Basin Context .......................................................................................................................................... 7 1.1.3 IUCN initiatives ................................................................................................................................................ 9 1.2 OBJECTIVES ......................................................................................................................................................... 10 1.3 APPROACH/METHODOLOGY ................................................................................................................................. 11 1.4 STRUCTURE OF THE REPORT ................................................................................................................................ 13 2. WATER AVAILABILITY – BURKINA FASO ................................................................................................... 14 2.1 SURFACE WATER AVAILABILITY ......................................................................................................................... 14 2.1.1 Selected River Flow Stations for Water Availability Assessment .............................. 14 2.1.2 Analysis of the size of the observation samples ................................................................. 15 2.1.3 Use of SMAP Model to Fill Gaps and Extend Data ............................................................. 15 2.1.4 Results of the Analysis and filling of gaps by station .................................................... 16 2.1.5 Flow Statistics and Water Availability Scenarios at the selected stations .................................................... 27 2.2 GROUNDWATER – BURKINA FASO .................................................................................................................. 36 2.3 WATER QUALITY ............................................................................................................................................... 36 2.3.1 Surface Water Quality .................................................................................................................... 36 2.3.2 Groundwater Quality ....................................................................................................................... 37 3. WATER AVAILABILITY - GHANA ..................................................................................................................... 39 3.1 SURFACE WATER AVAILABILITY ..................................................................................................................... 39 3.1.1 Screening of data from the selected stations ...................................................................... 39 3.1.2 Methodology for filling the data gaps ..................................................................................... 39 3.1.3 Results of Gaps Filling and Data Extension ........................................................................ 40 3.1.4 Flow Statistics and water availability scenarios .............................................................. 56 3.2 GROUNDWATER RESOURCES .......................................................................................................................... 66 3.3 WATER QUALITY ............................................................................................................................................... 66 3.3.1 Surface Water ..................................................................................................................................... 66 3.3.2 Groundwater quality ....................................................................................................................... 66 3.4 CLIMATE CHANGE IMPACT ON WATER RESOURCES ................................................................................... 68 4. CURRENT AND PROJECTED WATER DEMANDS ..................................................................................... 70 4.1 BURKINA FASO .................................................................................................................................................. 70 4.2 GHANA ................................................................................................................................................................ 72 4.3 ENVIRONMENTAL FLOW DEMAND .................................................................................................................. 72 5. ASSESSMENT OF THE ADEQUACY OF THE WATER AVAILABILITY TO MEET PRESENT AND PROJECTED WATER DEMAND ....................................................................................................................... 80 5.1 THE WEAP APPROACH ................................................................................................................................... 80 5.2 STRUCTURE OF PROGRAMME TO VOLTA BASIN .......................................................................................... 80 5.3 THE SCHEMATIC FOR THE VOLTA BASIN ..................................................................................................... 81 5.4 DATA INPUT ....................................................................................................................................................... 81 5.4.1 Key Assumptions ............................................................................................................................... 82 5.4.2 Demand Sites: ..................................................................................................................................... 82 5.4.3 Hydrologic Inflows ............................................................................................................................ 84 5.4.4 Supply and Resources ..................................................................................................................... 84 5.5 RESULTS OF THE MODEL RUN ....................................................................................................................... 84 5.5.1 The “Do Nothing” Scenario for mean flows .......................................................................... 85 5.5.2 The “Very Dry” Scenario (10 Percentile). ................................................................................ 88 5.5.3 The “Dry” Scenario (25 Percentile) ............................................................................................ 91 5.5.4 The “Wet” Scenario (75 Percentile). .......................................................................................... 95 5.5.5 The “Wet” Scenario (75 Percentile) ........................................................................................... 98 Nii Consult – August 2007 ii Water Audit Volta Basin - Final Report 5.5.6 The “Climate Change” Scenario ............................................................................................... 101 6. CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS .............................................................................................. 106 6.1 CONCLUSIONS .................................................................................................................................................. 106 6.2 RECOMMENDATIONS ...................................................................................................................................... 107 7. LIST OF PERSONS CONTACTED .................................................................................................................
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