Rainer Dormels (2014)

Profiles of the cities of DPR Korea – Chongjin

This work was supported by the Academy of Korean Studies (KSPS) Grant funded by the Korean Government (MOE) (AKS-2011-BAA-2105)

Find an introduction to the project at http://www.univie.ac.at/koreanologie/index.php?id=digital-north-korea0

This work has been published as a chapter in: Rainer Dormels (2014): North Korea's Cities. Jimoondang. Seoul.

IV.2.20. Chongjin

Port and industrial city established under Japanese rule

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Table Chongjin-I. Basic data

Population 667,929 (Rank 4) Area 1,591 km² (Rank 4) Population density 420 I./km² (Rank 17) Administrative units 93 dong / 14 ri (87%) (Rank 2) “Urban” population / “rural” population 92.1%/7.9% (Rank 3) $W¿UVW&KRQJMLQZDVQRWKLQJPRUHWKDQDVPDOO¿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¿VKHU\SURGXFWV,QSDUWLFXODUWKHSRUWRI&KRQJMLQ ZDVRIPDMRUVWUDWHJLFPLOLWDU\LPSRUWDQFHDVDVXSSO\URXWHIRUWKH-DSDQHVHLQWRWKH 1RUWK$OUHDG\LQDODUJHPLOLWDU\EDVHLQ5DQDPZDVEXLOW,QWKLVFRQWH[WWKHSRUW RI&KRQJMLQZDVHVVHQWLDODVDODQGLQJSODFHIRUDQ\JRRGV,QDGGLWLRQWKHDGYDQWDJHRXV QDWXUDOFRQGLWLRQVGXHWRWKHGHSWKRIWKHVHDDQGWKHQDWXUDOSURWHFWLRQIURPZLQGVE\ 6VDQJ\ǂQVDQDQG&KǂQPDVDQLQWKH1RUWKHQFRXUDJHGWKHFRQVWUXFWLRQRIDSRUW

Figure Chongjin-I. Chongjin around 1915 (Source: Yun J ǂng-s ǂp 1987, 128)

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Table Chongjin-II. Population development according to Lautensach (1945, 203)

Chongjin Inhabitants 1913 8,000 1928 23,407 1938 72,353

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City development in the plain of Sus ǂng-ch ǂn

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Table Chongjin-III. Climate values

Annual average January temperature August temperature Precipitation 8.1°C (22) -5.5°C (12) 21.5°C (24) 594 mm (25)

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“City of Iron”

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Table Chongjin-IV. Ranking (in parenthesis: number of industrial establishments or cultural institutions) 

Chongjin KOFC MOU IPA KCNA KIET Summary Companies - 4 (32) 6 (33) 6 (26) 5 (21) 4 (93) 4 total Companies - 4 (9) 3 (7) 6 (10) 4 (35) 4 (16) important Cultural in- 10 (14) stitutions

Table Chongjin-V. Ranking (Total number of industrial companies in relation to population)

Chongjin KOFC MOU IPA KCNA KIET Summary Companies - total 17 23 16-21-17 16 9 -11 19-17

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  1RUWK.RUHD¶V&LWLHV Table Chongjin-VI. Specification (in parenthesis: number of industrial companies)

Chongjin Light Industry Heavy Industry Mining Energy KOFC 17 (6) 12 (21) 12 (1) 5 (4) MOU 16 (17) 5 (14) - 4 (2) IPA 14 (12) 12 (11) 13 (1) 6 (2) KCNA 18 (6) 6 (11) - 6 (4) KIET 16 (36) 11 (49) 16 (4) 8 (4)

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The second largest port of the DPR Korea - Investments from China and Russia

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Cultural capital of Hambuk

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Chongjin-“North Korea’s Fashion Capital”

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A city divided in kuyok

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Table Chongjin-VII. Chongjin-Number of kuyok and kun with special consideration to the regions of Puyun and Puryong

Year Status kuyok Puyun Puryong kun 1960 si 7 part of Ranam kuyok 1963 jikhalsi 7 part of Ranam kuyok 1970 si 7 kuyok 1972 si 8 kuyok kuyok 1977 jikhalsi 8 kuyok kuyok 2 July 1985 si 8 kuyok kuyok Dec. 1985 si 7 kuyok 1993 si 6 part of Ranam 1994 si 7 kuyok

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Developments in the individual kuyok

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City center

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Figure Chongjin-III. Kuyok RWKHU GRQJ HPHUJHGE\VHSDUDWLRQLQ

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Figure Chongjin-IV. Ranam

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 Puyun

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Area between Chongjin center and Ranam

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Chongam - the area between Chongjin center and Rason

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Statistical Summary: from the 1970s on almost all new dong in Ranam and Chongam

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Table Chongjin-VIII. Dong -Formation in the individual kuyok

kuyok existing 1960-1967 1970-1978 1985-1987 1991-1999 Total Sinam 9 of 10 1 : - 1 : - (1) Phohang 3 of 14 - : 10 - : 1 - : 11 (11) Sunan 5 of 9 - : 4 - : 4 (4) Ranam 6 of 19 - : 1 5 : - - : 3 1 : 3 6 : 7 (13) Puyun 0 of 7 1 : - - : (5) 1 : - 2 : - (2+5) SƄngphung 4 of 13 2 : 5 - : 1 - : 1 2 : 7 (9) Ch Ƅngam 7 of 21 1 : 4 5 : - 4 : - 10 : 4 (14) 34 of 93 4 : 24 (28) 10 : 2 (12) 2 : 4 (6) 5 : 3 (8) 21:33 (54)

Table Chongjin-IX. Number of dong in the individual kuyok

kuyok 1955 1960-1967 1970-1978 1985-1987 1991-1999 Increase Sinam 9 9 9 10 10 11% Phohang 3 13 14 14 14 367% Sunan 5 9 9 9 9 80% Ranam 6 7 12 15 19 217% Puyun 0 1 6 7 7 - SƄngphung 4 11 12 13 13 225% Ch Ƅngam 7 12 17 17 21 200% 34 62 79 85 93 174%

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