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Softstarters Solutions for Water and Wastewater Management Industrial Use • Process Feed-Water Pumps • District Heating Pumps • Cooling Water Pumps • Slurry Pumps

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Softstarters Solutions for Water and Wastewater Management Industrial Use • Process Feed-Water Pumps • District Heating Pumps • Cooling Water Pumps • Slurry Pumps Softstarters Solutions for Water and Wastewater Management Industrial use • Process feed-water pumps • District heating pumps • Cooling water pumps • Slurry pumps Wastewater transportation • Influent and effluent pumps • Treatment pumps and fans Water treatment • Treatment pumps Effluent water • Effluent pumps Water and wastewater treatment can be very demanding. That’s why we involved you before developing our newest softstarter. Water can be found everywhere Water is the world’s most important resource and water facili- In fact, the global demand for water is expected to increase ties can be found all over the world. Freshwater systems bring by more than 50% over the next 30 years. In other parts of water from the source to cities, offices, residential areas, facto- the world there is instead a big demand for new and upgraded ries, and up in high-rise buildings. water plants since the existing plants are old and outdated. Wastewater systems bring the sewage water in the opposite direc- Only a few percent of all water in the world is freshwater, and to tion to purification plants, where additional pumping systems trans- support the growing population with water, desalination plants port the water between different parts of the purification plants. This are being constructed in many parts of the world. In addition, is done until the water is clean enough to be transported back into pumps are used to circulate water for district heating or coo- lakes or into the ocean. As well, in many parts of the world, both ling, irrigation, drain water pumping and more. freshwater and wastewater systems are being built to be able to support the rising living standard for a growing population. 2 ABB Softstarters | Solutions for Water and Wastewater Management Irrigation • Intake pumps • Distribution pumps Water transmission • Transfer pumps Drinking water distribution • Distribution pumps • Distribution pumps • Booster pumps • Booster pumps Desalination • Intake pumps • Brine pumps • Booster pumps • High pressure pumps • Drinking water pumps Raw water supply Raw water intake • Feed-water pumps • Raw water intake pumps Waste incineration • Effluent pumps • Fans • Conveyors Effluent water • Effluent pumps Regardless of the application, pumping water can be a deman- This applies to most of ABB’s products, not the least softstar- ding business involving problems such as water hammering ters. To reach our ambition of having a complete and broad when stopping the pumps, voltage fluctuations in the network softstarter portfolio for water and wastewater solutions, many when starting, and problems with jammed or clogged pumps. customers were interviewed world wide, giving us an even bet- All of these problems need to be solved in order to keep the ter understanding of their business and true needs. This led water facilities operational and in order to secure a reliable wa- us to develop the new and efficient PSE softstarter, comple- ter management. ting the ABB softstarter portfolio for the water and wastewater business. Listening to customers is rewarding Due to the importance of water as a resource, ABB has fo- cused on developing efficient solutions for water and wastewa- ter management. Efforts are put into understanding this speci- fic segment as it is today and how it will evolve. Solutions for Water and Wastewater Management | ABB Softstarters 3 Different pump systems require different solutions As previously mentioned, pump systems can be found eve- Pressurized systems rywhere. Pumps are used for freshwater and wastewater in Pressurized systems are designed to have a constant pressure, order to provide communities with those services as most which needs to be maintained even though the water usage of us take for granted. Pumping systems are also used in may vary. Traditionally this was solved by using water towers, the industry such as, in chemical processes. but a more modern solution is to regulate the speed of at least Circulating water is used in warm countries for cooling and one feeder pump in order to keep the pressure up in the sys- in colder countries for heating. tem. Another example of a pressurized system is where boos- ter pumps are used to increase the pressure in water pipes in These systems differ in many ways, but there are two main order to move water for longer distances. types of pumping systems; pressurized systems and non-pressurized systems. Non-pressurized systems Non-pressurized systems are mainly used to move water, either horizontally or to an elevated location. In for instance waste- water systems, the water is flowing by the force of gravity and collected in different water reservoirs. Moving the water bet- ween different reservoirs or to pump the water back into the lake or ocean is typically done in a non-pressurized system. 4 ABB Softstarters | Solutions for Water and Wastewater Management Pressurized and non-pressurized pump systems need Using softstarters in non-pressurized systems different designs and different solutions in order to An example of a non-pressurized system is level control, provide a reliable and efficient operation. meaning that the water level in a reservoir is kept on a more or less constant level. As water comes in, it is pumped out. Using softstarters in pressurized systems In most pump systems, several pumps are used in parallel to In most level control applications there is no need to keep an provide a more flexible solution and to secure high availabili- exact water level. Instead, most important is to keep the water ty. To keep the pressure constant in a pressurized system, for level within the specified range. When the water reaches the ma- example, in a fresh water feeding network, it is enough to ximum level, the motor is started and water is pumped until the regulate the speed of one of the pumps, using a variable speed water level reaches the minimum mark. drive. If more than one pump is needed, the additional pumps Non-pressurized systems like these are the perfect application can be started and operated at a constant speed. for softstarters since there is no need for speed regulation and The speed regulated pump is then still used to secure the con- since a soft start and stop is needed to avoid water hammering. stant pressure, but now with the help of the additional pumps. Another common problem in wastewater systems is clogging, The constant speed motors in this kind of system, are required which is caused by having too slow speed of the water. This to be started and stopped as the need for pumping increases problem will be avoided by using constant speed motors, con- and decreases. Depending on the starting method, these starts trolled by softstarters. and stops can cause problems with water hammering, pressu- re surges and voltage fluctuation. However, with the develop- Using softstarters as back-up for variable speed drives ment of advanced softstarters with features like torque control, In critical systems where the pumps always need to be operatio- these problems can be reduced or even eliminated, so today nal, a cost efficient solution can be to use softstarters as backup this is the preferred solution. for variable speed drives. In case there would be problems with the drive, a softstarter is used to start the motor, still ensuring a Using softstarters in combination with a variable speed drive, soft start and stop. will provide a more compact and cost efficient solution than using only drives. Using softstarters in combination with a variable speed drive, will provide a more compact and cost efficient solution than using only drives. Pressurized pump system Non Pressurized pump system Inlet 6 bar Max outlet Levels 3 bar VSD Softstarter Softstarter Min inlet Outlet Submersible Feeder pumps pumps When using a combination of softstarters and variable speed drives, the drive can call on the softstarters to start, when needed. Solutions for Water and Wastewater Management | ABB Softstarters 5 Prevent water hammering with torque control Softstarters, type PSE The ABB torque control function is developed together with pump manufacturers to ensure the best possible pump stop, eliminating problems with Normal starts, class 10, In-Line, ordering details water hammering and pressure surges. The problem with water hammering Torque control – optimized for stopping pumps One of the most challenging problems in pumping applications Traditionally a softstarter performs a soft stop by ramping down comes when stopping the pump. The water pressure in com- the voltage linearly from the full voltage to the end bination with the high friction in a pumping system and the low voltage. However, when decreasing the voltage, the motor is moment of inertia of a pump has the effect that if direct stop is self compensating, using more current from the network to be used, the motor will stop very fast. able to maintain its speed. Then when the voltage has dropped enough, the motor will become too weak and the speed will PSE18 ... PSE370 This will result in the water column returning, crashing into the decrease way too fast. A stop like this is far better than a direct closing valve, and it might create additional pressure waves in stop, but in many cases it is not good enough, and as a result the pipe system. This whole phenomenon is called water ham- there may still be water hammering. Rated operational voltage 208 - 600 V AC mering and it can be heard as a very loud banging sound with vibrations in the whole system. Torque control uses a very advanced algorithm, and controls the motor torque both during start and stop. This function is Motor power The forces of a pipe filled with water are enormous. In a single based on a closed loop regulation where both the voltage and stop of the motor, this will only cause an unpleasant sound, but the current are measured.
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