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EMEC 1 LAB Laboratory Manual DEV BHOOMI INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY CHAKRATA ROAD,NAVGAOUN MANDUWALA,UTTARAKHAND Programs: B.TECH. (Electrical and Electronics Engineering) EMEC 1 LAB Laboratory Manual PREPARED BY Saurabh Rajvanshi ASST.PROFESSOR, ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT 1 LIST OF EXPERIMENTS Electrical machine 1 Lab (PEE‐352) 1. To obtain magnetization characteristics of a d.c. shunt generator 2. To obtain load characteristics of a d.c. shunt generator and compound generator (a) Cumulatively compounded (b) Differentially compounded 3. To obtain efficiency of a dc shunt machine using Swinburn’s test 4. To perform Hopkinson’s test and determine losses and efficiency of DC machine 5. To obtain speed control of dc shunt motor using (a) armature resistance control (b) field control 6. To obtain speed-torque characteristics of a dc shunt motor 7. To obtain speed control of dc separately excited motor using Conventional Ward-Leonard/ Static Ward –Leonard method. 8. To study polarity and ratio test of single phase and 3-phase transformers 9. To obtain equivalent circuit, efficiency and voltage regulation of a single phase transformer using O.C. and S.C. tests. 10 To obtain efficiency and voltage regulation of a single phase transformer by Sumpner’s test 2 Dev Bhoomi Institute Of Technology LABORATORY MANUAL Department of Computer Science & Engineering PRACTICAL INSTRUCTION SHEET EXPERIMENT NO. 1 ISSUE NO. : ISSUE DATE: REV. NO. : REV. DATE : PAGE: 3 LABORATORY Name & Code: PEE-352 EMEC 1Lab SEMESTER: III Experiment No-1 Theory and Concept Objective: To conduct an experiment on a D.C shunt generator and draw the magnetization characteristics (OCC) and to determine the critical field resistance and critical speed. Apparatus: - S. No Apparatus Type Range Qty 1 Voltmeter M.C 0-250/500V 1 2 Ammeter M.C 0-1/2A 1 3 Rheostats Wire 400 /1.7A 1 wound 4 Tachometer Digital 0-9999 1 Theory: Open circuit characteristics or magnetization curve is the graph between the generated emf and field current of a dc shunt generator. For field cur-rent is equal to zero there will be residual voltage of 10 to 12V because of the residual magnetism present in the machine If this is absent there the machine cannot build up voltage to obtain residual magnetism the machine is separately excited by a dc source from OCC we can get critical field resistance and critical speed. Critical field resistance: It is the resistance above which the machine cannot build up emf. Critical speed: It is the speed below which the machine cannot build up emf. 3 Circuit diagram: Procedure: 1. Connections are made as per the circuit diagram. 2. Start the motor and bring it to rated speed.. 3. The switch SPST is opened and If=0 4. For the different values of excitations (If) the generated voltage (Eg)from the voltmeter is taken at rated speed, with increasing and decreasing orders. 5. Calculate average Eg from increasing and decreasing orders. 6. A graph is drawn between Avg Eg & If. From the graph (OCC) Critical field resistance and critical speed are calculated. Observation: Field Current Generated Sl. Volgate No. 4 Graph: Critical field resistance (Rc) = OA/OC Field resistance (Rf) = OR The maximum voltage the Generator can induce With this field resistance. = OM Critical Speed = PQ/PR * N Result: Precaution: 1. Make Sure that your connection are correct. 2. Do not touch the live wire. 3. Take observation carefully. 4. Experiment kit should be properly grounded. 5 Dev Bhoomi Institute Of Technology LABORATORY MANUAL Department of Computer Science & Engineering PRACTICAL INSTRUCTION SHEET EXPERIMENT NO. 2 ISSUE NO. : ISSUE DATE: REV. NO. : REV. DATE : PAGE: 6 LABORATORY Name & Code: PEE-352 EMEC 1 lab SEMESTER: III Experiment No-2 Theory and Concept Objective: To conduct a load test on the given DC Shunt generator and to obtain the performance characteristics Apparatus required: 1 Ammeter 0-20A, MC 1 0-1A, MC 1 0-5A MC 1 2 Voltmeter 0-250V, MC 1 0-30V, MC 1 3 Rheostat 400 /1.7A 1 4 Rheostat 100 /5A 1 5 Load 3 Kw / 220V 1 6 Tachometer 1 5 Connecting wires Theory: By conducting load test on DC shunt generator we can get load characteris-tics i.e, Internal & External characteristics. By exciting the m/c, the field current increases and voltage build up. After the machine has attained 220V the rated load is switched on. With increase in load, the voltage will be dropped 6 Circuit diagram: Armature Resistance (Ra):- Procedure 1. Connections are made as per the circuit diagram. 2. Start the machine with the help of starter and bring to rated speed by vary-ing field rheostat of motor, then by varying field rheostat of the generator set the rated voltage of the generator.. Then close the DPST switch of the load and increase the load by step 0.125Kw, up to full load of the generator. 3. Note down all the meter readings at every step. 4. Do necessary calculations. 7 Observations: S IL, in If , in Ia= IL+if Vt in Ia Ra in EG = Vt + IaRa no amps amps in amps volts volts in volts Graph: Between Emf Generated (E) and Current (I) Result: Precautions: 1. Make Sure that your connection are correct. 2. Do not touch the live wire. 3. Take observation carefully. 4. Experiment kit should be properly grounded. 8 Dev Bhoomi Institute Of Technology LABORATORY MANUAL Department of Computer Science & Engineering PRACTICAL INSTRUCTION SHEET EXPERIMENT NO. 3 ISSUE NO. : ISSUE DATE: REV. NO. : REV. DATE : PAGE: 9 LABORATORY Name & Code: PEE-352 EMEC 1 Lab SEMESTER: III Theory and Concept Objective: To conduct load test on DC compound generator and to determine its characteristics Apparatus: S. No Equipment Range Type Qty 1. Voltmeter 0-250 V M.C. 1 2. Ammeter 0-2A M.C. 1 0-20A M.C. 1 3. Rheostats 400 /1.7A Wire wound 2 4. Tachometer Digital 1 5 Connecting wires Theory: D.C. Compound generator consists of both series and shunt field wind-ings. The shunt and series fields can be connected in two ways. 1. Short shunt. 2. Long shunt. When the MMF of series field opposes the MMF of shunt field, the generator is differentially compound. The terminal voltage decreases sharply with in-creasing load current. Evidently this connection is not used. In cumulative compound the connections of the two fields are such that their MMF’s added and help each other. If the series field is very strong, the termi-nal voltage may increase as the load current increases and it is called over com-pounding. When terminal voltage on full load and no load are equal, it is known as flat compounded generator. If the series field is not strong, the terminal voltage will decreases with increase in load current (under compound) 9 Circuit diagram for cumulative compound generator: Procedure: 1. Connections are made as per the circuit diagram. 2. The machine is run at rated speed and the rated voltage is obtained by vary-ing field excitation 3. There the switch is closed so that load is connected across the generator. 4. Increase the load step by step with 0.125Kw and note down all the meter readings and calculations are made accordingly and the characteristics are obtained. 5. Plot graph for internal external characteristics. Observations: 10 Graph: Internal characteristics External characteristics Result: 11 Precautions: 1. Make Sure that your connection are correct. 2. Do not touch the live wire. 3. Take observation carefully. 4. Experiment kit should be properly grounded. 12 Dev Bhoomi Institute Of Technology LABORATORY MANUAL Department of Computer Science & Engineering PRACTICAL INSTRUCTION SHEET EXPERIMENT NO. 4 ISSUE NO. : ISSUE DATE: REV. NO. : REV. DATE : PAGE: 133 LABORATORY Name & Code: PEE-352 EMEC 1Lab SEMESTER: III Theory and Concept Object: To perform Swinburne’s Test or no load test on dc motor and to predetermine the efficiencies of the machine acting as a motor and generator Apparatus: S.No Apparatus Type Range qty 1 Voltmeter MC 0-250v 1 2 Voltmeter MC 0-30V 1 3 Ammeter MC 0-5A 1 4 Ammeter MC 0-2A 1 5 Rheostats Wire wound 400 /1.7A 1 Wire wound 100 /5A 1 THEORY: It is simple indirect method in which losses are measured separately and the efficiency at any desired load can be predetermined. This test applicable to those machines in which flux is practically constant i.e. shunt and compound wound machines. The no load power input to armature consist iron losses in core, friction loss, windage loss and armature copper loss. It is convenient and economi-cal because power required to test a large machine is small i.e. only no load power. But no account is taken the change in iron losses from no load to full load due to armature reaction flux is distorted which increases the iron losses in some cases by as 50% Model calculations: No load input=V IL 2 2 No load armature copper losses =Ia Ra =(Il –If) Ra 2 Constant losses Wc=V l–(Il-If ) Ra Efficiency as a motor: I= Assumed load current Motor i/p=VI Ia=I -If L 2 Motor armature losses=I a .Ra 2 Total losses=I a Ra+ Wc 2 Efficiency of motor= VI- I a Ra+ Wc / VI x 100 13 Efficiency as generator: I=assumed load current Generator O/P =VI 2 Generator armature cu. Losses= I a .Ra 2 Total losses= I a Ra+ Wc 2 Efficiency of generator=VI / VI+ I a Ra+ Wc Circuit diagram: Procedure: 1. Make connections as per the circuit diagram. 2. Show the connections to the lab instructor.
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