INTERNATIONAL CRIMINAL TRIBUNAL PENAL INTERNATIONAL TRIBUNAL FOR POUR LE RWANDA

Case No. ICTR-97-21-1 N de dossier: ICTR-97-21-1 C- C ',' CJ 6 ~t: ;-:: ' c f";' .' -

THE PROSECUTOR LE PROCUREUR DU TRIBUNAL~ : ~ _ ~

AGAINST CONTRE (:i ~~- 1) PAULINE NYIRAMASUHUKO SHALOM NTAHOBALI SHALOM NTAHOBALI

AMENDED ACTE D'ACCUSATION INDICTMENT AMENDE as per the decision of Trial Chamber II of Selon la decision de la Chambre de August 10th 1999 Premiere Instance II du 10 aoiit 1999

The Prosecutor ofthe International Criminal Le Procureur du Tribunal Penal International Tribunal for Rwanda,pursuantto the authority pour le Rwanda, en vertu des pouvoirs que lui stipulated in Article 17 of the Statute of the confere I'article 17 du Statut du Tribunal International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda Penal International pour le Rwanda ("IeStatut ('the Statute ofthe Tribunal') charges: du Tribunal") accuse:

PAULINE NYIRAMASUHUKO PAULINE NYIRAMASUHUKO SHALOM NTAHOBALI SHALOM NTAHOBALI

d'ENTENTE EN VUE DE COMMETTRE with CONSPIRACY TO COMMIT LE , de GENOCIDE de GENOCIDE, GENOCIDE, COMPLICITY COMPLICITE DE GENOCIDE, IN GENOCIDE, DIRECT AND PUBLIC d'INCITATION PUBLIQUE ET INCITEMENT TO COMMIT DIRECTE A COMMETTRE LE GENOCIDE, CRIMES AGAINST GENOCIDE, de CRIMES CONTRE HUMANITY, and VIOLATIONS OF L'HUMANITE, et de VIOLATIONS DE ARTICLE 3 COMMON TO THE L'ARTICLE 3 COMMUN AUX GENEVA CONVENTIONS AND CONVENTIONS DE GENEVE ET DU ADDITIONAL PROTOCOL II, offences PROTOCOLE ADDITIONNEL II, crimes stipulated in Articles 2, 3 and 4 ofthe Statute prevus aux articles 2, 3 et 4 du Statut du ofthe Tribunal. Tribunal. INTERNATIONAL CRIMINAL TRIBUNAL PENAL INTERNATIONAL TRIBUNAL FOR RWANDA POUR LE RWANDA

Case No. ICTR-97-21-1 N° de dossier: ICTR-97-21-1

THE PROSECUTOR LE PROCUREUR DU TRIBUNAL

AGAINST CONTRE

PAULINE NYIRAMASUHUKO PAULINE NYIRAMASUHUKO SHALOM NTAHOBALI SHALOM NTAHOBALI

AMENDED ACTE D'ACCUSATION INDICTMENT AMENDE as per the decision of Trial Chamber II of Selon la decision de la Chambre de August 10th 1999 Premiere Instance II du 10 aofit 1999

The Prosecutor ofthe International Criminal Le Procureur du Tribunal Penal International Tribunal for Rwanda,pursuantto the authority pour IeRwanda, en vertu des pouvoirs que lui stipulated in Article 17 of the Statute of the confere I'article 17 du Statut du Tribunal International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda Penal International pour IeRwanda ("IeStatut ('the Statute ofthe Tribunal') charges: du Tribunal") accuse:

PAULINE NYIRAMASUHUKO PAULINE NYIRAMASUHUKO SHALOM NTAHOBALI SHALOM NTAHOBALI with CONSPIRACY TO COMMIT d'ENTENTE EN VUE DE COMMETTRE GENOCIDE, GENOCIDE, COMPLICITY LE GENOCIDE, de GENOCIDE de IN GENOCIDE, DIRECT AND PUBLIC COMPLICITE DE GENOCIDE, INCITEMENT TO COMMIT d'INCITATION PUBLIQUE ET GENOCIDE, CRIMES AGAINST DIRECTE A COMMETTRE LE HUMANITY, and VIOLATIONS OF GENOCIDE, de CRIMES CONTRE ARTICLE 3 COMMON TO THE L'HUMANITE, et de VIOLATIONS DE GENEVA CONVENTIONS AND L'ARTICLE 3 COMMUN AUX ADDITIONAL PROTOCOL II, offences CONVENTIONS DE GENEVE ET DU stipulated in Articles 2, 3 and 4 ofthe Statute PROTOCOLE ADDITIONNEL II, crimes ofthe Tribunal. prevus aux articles 2, 3 et 4 du Statut du Tribunal. 1. HISTORICAL CONTEXT 1. CONTEXTE HISTORIQUE

1.1 The revolution of 1959 marked the 1.1 La revolution de 1959 marque le debut beginning of a period of ethnic clashes d'une periode d'affrontements ethniques entre between the and the in Rwanda, les Hutu et les Tutsi au Rwanda, provoquant causing hundreds of Tutsi to die and au cours des annees qui ont immediatement thousands more to flee the country in the years suivi, des centaines de morts chez les Tutsi et immediately following. The revolution I' exode de milliers d' entre eux. Cette resulted in the abolition ofthe Tutsi monarchy revolution entraine I'abolition de la monarchie and the proclamation ofthe First Republic in Tutsi et la proclamation de la Premiere early 1961, confirmed in a referendum held in Republique au debut de I' annee 1961, the same year. Legislative elections held in confirmee par referendum au cours de la September 1961 confirmed the dominant meme annee. Les elections legislatives de position of the MDR-PARMEHUTU septembre 1961 confirme la domination du (Mouvement Democratique Republicain ­ MDR-PARMEHUTU (Mouvement Parti du Mouvement d 'Emancipation Hutu), Democratique Republicain-Parti du led by Gregoire Kayibanda, who was Mouvement d'Emancipation Hutu) de subsequently elected President ofthe Republic Gregoire Kayibanda, qui est elu President de by the Legislative Assembly on 26 October la Republique parI' assemblee legislative le 26 1961. octobre 1961.

1.2 The early years ofthe First Republic, 1.2 Les premieres annees d'existence de which was under the domination ofthe Hutu cette republique, dominee par les Hutu du of central and southern Rwanda, were again centre et du sud du Rwanda, sont de nouveau marked by ethnic violence. The victims were marquees par la violence ethnique. Les predominantly Tutsi, the former ruling elite, victimes furent principalement des Tutsi, and those related to them, who were killed, I' ancienne elite dirigeante, et leurs allies; driven to otherregions ofRwanda or forced to ceux-ci furent tues, chasses vers d'autres flee the country. The gradual elimination of regions du Rwanda ou forces de s'enfuir du the opposition parties in those early years pays. L'elimination progressive des partis confirmed the MDR-PARMEHUTU as the d' opposition durant ces premieres annees single party, the only party to present confirme le MDR-PARMEHUTU comme candidates in the elections of 1965. parti unique, qui est le seul apresenter des candidats aux elections de 1965.

1.3 The earlypart of1973 in Rwanda was 1.3 Le debut de I' annee 1973 au Rwanda again marked by ethnic confrontations est de nouveau marque par des between the Hutu and Tutsi, prompting affrontements ethniques entre Hutu et Tutsi another exodus ofthe Tutsi minority from the qui provoquent, apres ceux de 1959 a1963, country, as had occurred between 1959 and un nouvel exode de la minorite Tutsi. Cette 1963. This new outburst of ethnic and recrudescence des tensions ethniques et political tension between the North and South politiques (entre le Nord et le Sud) aboutit, resulted in a military coup by General Juvenal le 5 juillet 1973, aun coup d'Etat militaire Habyarimana on 5 July 1973, mene par le General Juvenal Habyarimana. shifting power from civilian to military hands Le coup d'Etat entraine un renversement du and from the Hutu of central Rwanda to the pouvoir, qui passe des mains des civils a Hutu of the northern prefectures of Gisenyi celles des militaires et de celles des Hutu du and Ruhengeri (Habyarimana's native region). centre du Rwanda acelles des Hutu des

2 prefectures de Gisenyi et Ruhengeri au nord du pays (region natale du President Habyarimana.

1.4 In 1975, President Habyarimana 1.4 En 1975, le president Habyarimana founded the Mouvement Revolutionnaire fonde le Mouvement Revolutionnaire National pour le Developpement (MRND), a National pour le Developpement (MRND), single party, and assumed the position ofparty parti unique, dont il assume la presidence. La Chairman. The administrative and party structure administrative et la hierarchie du hierarchies were indistinguishable in this MRND se confondent en un veritable parti­ single party state from the level ofthe Prefet Etat it tous les niveaux de I'administration to the bourgmestres, and down to that ofthe territoriale, du Prefet aux Bourgmestres, conseillers de secteurs and responsabIes de jusqu'aux conseillers de secteurs et cellule. responsables de cellule.

1.5 From 1973 to 1994, the government of 1.5 De 1973 it 1994, le gouvemement du President Habyarimana used a system of President Habyarimana applique un systeme ethnic and regional quotas which was de quotas base sur I'origine ethnique et supposed to provide educational and regionale qui etait cense offrir des chances employment opportunities for all, but which egales a tous en matiere d'education et was used increasingly to discriminate against d' emploi, mais qui fut utilise progressivement both Tutsi and Hutu from regions outside the de maniere discriminatoire a I'encontre des northwest. Tutsi et des Hutu originaires d' autres regions que le nord-ouest. In fact, by the late 1980s, persons from Gisenyi and Ruhengeri occupied many ofthe De fait, ala fin des annees 1980, plusieurs des most important positions in the military, postes les plus importants dans les secteurs political, economic and administrative sectors militaires, politiques, economiques et ofRwandan society. Among the privileged administratifs de la societe rwandaise etaient elite, an inner circle of relatives and close occupes par des personnes originaires de associates ofPresident Habyarimana and his Gisenyi et Ruhengeri. Parmi l'elite wife, Agathe Kanziga, known as the , privilegiee, un noyau, connu sous enjoyed great power. This select group, I'appellation Akazu, compose de membres de almost exclusively Hutu, was supplemented la famille et d' intimes du President by individuals who shared its extremist Hutu Habyarimana et de son epouse, Agathe ideology, and who came mainly from the Kanziga, jouit d'un grand pouvoir. Aux native region ofthe President and his wife. membres de ce groupe, presque exclusivement Hutu, se joignent des personnes qui en partagent I'ideologie Hutu extremiste et qui sont principalement originaires de la region natale du President et de son epouse.

1.6 In 1990, the President ofthe 1.6 Au cours de l'annee 1990, le Republic, Juvenal Habyarimana, and his President de la Republique, Juvenal single party, the MRND, were facing Habyarimana, et son parti unique, le MRND, mounting opposition, including from other font face a une opposition grandissante, Hutu. notamment de la part d'autres Hutu.

1.7 On 1 October 1990, the Rwandan 1.7 Le 1er octobre 1990, le Front Patriotic Front (RPF), made up mainly of Patriotique Rwandais (FPR), compose

3 Tutsi refugees, attacked Rwanda. Within days majoritairement de refugies Tutsi, attaque le the government began arresting thousands of Rwanda. Dans les jours qui suivent, le people, presumed to be opponents of gouvernement procede a I' arrestation de Habyarimana and suspected of being RPF milliers de personnes presumees etre des accomplices. Although the Tutsi were the adversaires d'Habyarimana et soupconnees de main target, Hutu political opponents were complicite avec le FPR. Parmi les personnes also arrested. arretees, majoritairement d'origine Tutsi, il y a egalement des opposants politiques Hutu.

1.8 Following pressure from the internal 1.8 Suite aux differentes pressions de opposition and the international community, l'opposition interne et de la communaute and the RPF attack ofOctober 1990, President internationale, et aI'attaque du FPRd'octobre Habyarimana permitted the introduction of 1990, le President Habyarimana autorise multiple political parties and the adoption ofa l'introduction du multipartisme et l'adoption new constitution on 10 June 1991. The d'une nouvelle constitution le 10 juin 1991. Mouvement RevolutionnaireNationalpour Ie Le MouvementRevolutionnaireNationalpour Developpement (MRND) was renamed IeDeveloppement (MRND) est alors rebaptise Mouvement Republicain National pour la Mouvement Republicain National pour la Democratie et Ie Developpement (MRND. Democratie et IeDeveloppement (MRND). Le The first transitional government was made up premier Gouvernement de transition est almost exclusively of MRND members, compose presque exclusivement de membres following the refusal of the main opposition du MRND, suite au refus des principaux parties to take part. With the second partis d'opposition d'en faire partie. Avec la transitional government in April 1992, the mise en place du second Gouvernement de MRND became a minority party for the first transition en avril 1992, le MRND se retrouve time in its history, with nine ministerial minoritaire pour la premiere fois de son portfolios out of 19. On the other hand, the histoire, avec neuf portefeuilles ministeriels MRND retained its domination over the local sur 19. Par contre, le MRND demeure administration. fortement dominant au niveau de I' administration territoriale.

1.9 The new Government then entered 1.9 Le nouveau Gouvernement entame negotiations with the RPF, which resulted in alors des negociations avec le FPR qui the signing of the Arusha Accords on 4 aboutissent le 4 aofit 1993 ala signature des August 1993. The Accords provided for a Accords d' Arusha. Ces Accords prevoient un new system of sharing military and civilian nouveau partage des pouvoirs militaires et power between the RPF, the opposition civils entre le FPR, les partis d'opposition et parties and the MRND. leMRND.

1.10 By the terms of the Arusha Accords, 1.10 Aux termes des Accords d'Arusha qui which provided for the integration of both prevoient l'integration des forces armees des sides' armed forces, the new national army deux parties, I' effectif de la nouvelle armee was to be limited to 13,000 men, 60% FAR nationale est limite a 13 000 hommes dont (Forces Armees Rwandaises) and 40% RPF. 60% proviennent des FAR (Forces Armees The posts of command were to be shared Rwandaises) et 40% du FPR. Quant aux equally (50%-50%) between the two sides, postes de commandement, ils sont attribues a with the post of Chief of Staff of the Army parts egales (50%-50%) aux deux parties, le assigned to the FAR. poste de Chef d'Etat Major de l'armee revenant aux FAR. The Gendarmerie was to be limited to 6,000

4 men, 60% FAR and 40% RPF, with the posts L' effectifde la Gendarmerie est limite a6000 of command shared equally (50%-50%) hommes, compose de 60% des FAR et 40% between the two sides and the post ofChiefof du FPR, avec les postes de commandement Staffofthe Gendarmerie assigned to the RPF. repartis equitablement (50%-50%) entre les deux parties, le poste de Chefd'Etat Major de la Gendarmerie revenant au FPR.

1.11 As regards representation within the 1.11 Au niveau de la representation au sein government, the Arusha Accords limited the du gouvemement, les Accords d' Arusha number ofministerial portfolios to be held by limitent a cinq le nombre de portefeuilles the MRND to five, plus the Presidency. The ministeriels du MRND en plus de la other portfolios were to be shared as follows: Presidence de la Republique. Les autres RPF, five; MDR (Mouvement democratique portefeuilles se repartissent ainsi: cinq pour le republicain), four (including the post ofPrime FPR, quatre pour le MDR (Mouvement Minister); PSD (Parti social-democratey, democratique republicaint dont le poste de three; PL (Parti liberal), three; and the PDC premier Ministre, trois pour le PSD (Parti (Parti democrate-chretieni, one. social-democratei, trois pour le PL (Parti liberal) et un pour le PDC (Parti democrate­ chretien.

1.12 For the men and women close to 1.12 Pour les hommes et les femmes President Habyarimana, including the proches du President Habyarimana, parmi members ofthe Akazu, who held positions of lesquels les membres de I'Akazu, qui prominence in the various sectors ofRwandan occupaient des fonctions importantes au sein society, this new power sharing plan, as des divers secteurs de la societe rwandaise, ce demanded by the political opposition and as nouveau partage du pouvoir, tel qu'exige par stipulated in the Arusha Accords, meant a les opposants politiques et stipule par les relinquishment of power and the loss of Accords d'Arusha, signifie l'abandon du numerous privileges and benefits. With pouvoir et la perte de nombreux privileges et political changes following the establishment d'importants benefices. Les changements ofthe multi-party government ofApril 1992, politiques consecutifs al' etablissement d'un several important military officers from the regime multipartite en avril 1992 obligent north had been forced to retire. At the same plusieurs officiers militaires importants, time, many of the military' were facing originaires du Nord, aprendre leur retraite. En massive demobilisation with the meme temps, l'application des Accords implementation ofthe Arusha Accords. d' Arusha confronte plusieurs militaires aune demobilisation massive.

1.13 From 1990, Habyarimana and several 1.13 A partir de 1990, Habyarimana et ofhis close associates devised the strategy of plusieurs de ses plus proches collaborateurs inciting hatred and fear ofthe Tutsi minority concoivent une strategic d'incitation ala haine as a way of rebuilding solidarity among the et ala peur face ala minorite Tutsi, afin de Hutu and keeping themselves in power. They retablir la solidarite parmi les Hutu et de se strongly opposed any form ofpower sharing, maintenir au pouvoir. Uss'opposent fortement including the one envisaged by the Arusha a toute forme de partage du pouvoir et Accords. particulierement au partage prevu par les Accords d' Arusha.

1.14 Determined to avoid the power sharing 1.14 Determinees a eviter le partage des prescribed by the Arusha Accords, several pouvoirs prevu par les Accords d' Arusha,

5 prominent civilian and military figures plusieurs personnalites civiles et militaires en pursued their strategy of ethnic division and vue poursuivent leur strategic de conflit incitement to violence. They targeted and ethnique et d'incitation it la violence. Elles labelled as RPF accomplices the entire Tutsi visent la population Tutsi tout entiere, qui est population, and also Hutu opposed to their qualifiee de complice du FPR, de meme que domination, particularly those from regions les Hutu opposes it leur domination, other than northwestern Rwanda. At the same particulierement ceux qui sont originaires time, they sought to divide Hutu opposition d'autres regions que le nord-ouest du Rwanda. parties, attracting some oftheir members back Parallelement, elles tentent de diviser les to the support ofHabyarimana. These efforts partis d'oppositionHutu, en ramenant certains to divide the Hutu opposition were furthered de leurs membres dans le camp by the assassination of Melchior Ndandaye, d'Habyarimana. Les efforts destines it diviser the democratically elected Hutu President, in I'opposition Hutu sont favorises par neighboring Burundi, by Tutsi soldiers ofthe l'assassinat, par des soldats Tutsi de l'armee Burundi army. By late 1993, two ofthe three burundaise, de Melchior Ndandaye, president major parties opposed to the MRND had each Hutu democratiquement elu dans le Burundi split into two factions. The faction of each voisin. A la fin de 1993, deux des trois known as the "Power" faction aligned itself principaux partis opposes au MRND s'etaient with the MRND. divises en deux factions chacun. Les factions connues sous le nom de "Power" s'allient au MRND.

1.15 The strategy adopted in the early 1.15 La strategic adoptee au debut des 1990s, which culminated in the widespread annees 90, qui va connaitre son apogee avec massacres of April 1994, comprised several les massacres generalises d'avril 1994, components, which were carefully worked out comporte plusieurs elements qui sont by the various prominent figures who shared soigneusement elabores par les differentes the extremist Hutu ideology, including the personnalites qui partagent cette ideologie members ofthe Akazu. extremiste, dont les membres de I'Akazu.

In addition to the incitement to ethnic A l'incitation it la violence ethnique et it violence and the extermination of the Tutsi l'extermination des Tutsi et de leurs and their "accomplices", was the "complices", s'ajoutent I'organisation et organization and militarytraining ofthe youth I'entrainement militaire des jeunesses wings of the political parties, notably the politiques, notamment les Interahamwe (youth wing ofthe MRND), the Geunesses du MRND), la preparation de listes preparation oflists ofpeople to be eliminated, de personnes it eliminer, la distribution the distribution of weapons to civilians, the d'armes it des civils, l'assassinat de certains assassination of certain political opponents opposants politiques et le massacre de and the massacre of many Tutsi in various nombreux Tutsi dans diverses regions du parts of Rwanda between October 1990 and Rwanda entre octobre 1990 et avril 1994. April 1994.

1.16 The incitement to ethnic hatred took 1.16 L'incitation it la haine ethnique prend the form ofpublic speeches by people sharing la forme de discours publics prononces par the extremist ideology. These political and des personnalites partageant cette ideologie military figures publicly appealed to hatred extremiste. Ces personnalites politiques et and fear of the Tutsi and urged the Hutu militaires appellent publiquement it la haine et majority to "finish off the enemy and its it la peur des Tutsi et exhortent la majorite accomplices". A perfect illustration is the Hutu "it en finir avec I'ennemi et ses

6 speech made in November 1992 by Leon complices". Le discours prononce en Mugesera, vice-chairman of the MRND for novembre 1992 par Leon Mugesera, vice­ Gisenyi prefecture, who at the time was president du MRND pour la prefecture de already inciting the public to exterminate the Gisenyi, qui des cette epoque incitait Tutsi and their "accomplices". publiquement it I' extermination des Tutsi et leurs "complices", en est la parfaite illustration.

With the intention of ensuring widespread Dans le but d' assurer une large diffusion de dissemination ofthe calls to ethnic violence, ces appels it la violence ethnique, des prominent figures from the President's circle personnalites de I' entourage du President set up true hate media. Thus the creation of mettent sur pied de veritables media de la Radio Television Libre des Mille Collines haine. La creation de la Radio Television (RTLM) and ofthe newspaper was a Libre des Mille Collines (RTLM) et du part of the strategy and pursued the same journal Kangura participe de cette strategie et logic. s'inscrit dans cette logique.

1.17 The creation ofthe youth wings ofthe 1.17 La creation des ailes jeunesses des political parties, originally established to partis politiques, qui avait it I'origine pour encourage or even force adherence to one or objectif d'encourager ou meme de forcer another party in the newly-established multi­ l' adhesion it l'un ou l' autre des partis du party system, provided Habyarimana's circle nouveau regime multipartite, va foumir it with a large, devoted and effective workforce I'entourage d'Habyarimana une main to implement the adopted strategy. These d' oeuvre devouee, nombreuse et efficace pour youth organizations, which were affiliated to mettre en oeuvre la strategic adoptee. Ces the political parties, were soon manipulated as organisations de jeunesse affiliees aux partis part ofthe anti-Tutsi campaign. Some ofthe politiques sont tres vite manipulees dans Ie members of these organizations, notably the cadre de la campagne anti-Tutsi. Des Interahamwe (MRND), were organized into membres de ces organisations, militia groups, which were financed, trained particulierement les Interahamwe-MRND, and led by prominent civilians and military sont organises en milices, financees, figures from the President of the Republic's entrainees et dirigees par des personnalites entourage. They were issued weapons, with civiles et militaires de l' entourage du the complicity ofcertain military and civilian President de la Republique. Des annes leur authorities. The militia groups were sont distribuees avec la complicite de transported to training sites, including certain certaines autorites militaires et civiles. Leur military camps, in public administration transport vers les sites d'entrainement, dont vehicles or vehicles belonging to companies certains camps militaires, est assure par des controlled by the President's circle. vehicules de I'administration publique ou appartenant it des societes controlees par l'entourage du President.

1.18 During the mass arrests of October 1.18 Lors des arrestations massrves 1990, the civilian and military authorities d'octobre 1990, les autorites civiles et followed lists that had been drawn up in order militaires se referent it des listes etablies pour to identify and locate the presumed identifier et localiser les presumes complices accomplices of the RPF, the majority of du FPR, en majorite Tutsi. Par la suite, whom were Tutsi. Later, Army, Gendarmerie, I'Armee, la Gendarmerie, les autorites locales local authorities and Interahamwe were given et les Interahamwe recoivent des directives orders to prepare new lists or update the pour preparer de nouvelles listes ou tenir it

7 existing ones, which were subsequently used jour les listes existantes, qui vont servir lors during the massacres of1994. In March 1993, des massacres de 1994. En mars 1993, une such a list was found in the vehicle of the telle liste est retrouvee dans Ie vehicule du Army ChiefofStaff. Chefd'Etat Major de l'Armee.

1.19 Towards the end of 1991, certain 1.19 Vers la fin de 1991, certaines autorites Rwandan authorities distributed weapons to rwandaises distribuent des armes a certains certain civilians in the north-eastern region of membres de la population civile du nord-est the country as part of a civil self-defence du pays dans le cadre de la campagne d'auto­ campaign, in reaction to the RPF attack of defense civile en reaction al'attaque du FPR October 1990. Later, some authorities d'octobre 1990. Plus tard, en dehors du cadre distributed weapons nationwide, notably to de l'auto-defense civile, des armes sont the Interahamwe and carefully selected distribuees dans tout Ie pays par des autorites, individuals, even in regions distant from the notamment aux Interahamwe et a des war zone. Towards the end of 1993, the personnes soigneusement choisies, meme Bishop ofNyundo criticized the distribution dans des regions eloignees de la zone de ofweapons in a public letter, questioning its guerre. Vers la fin de 1993, l'Eveque de purpose. Nyundo critique dans une lettre publique cette distribution d'armes, s'interrogeant sur sa finalite,

1.20 The pursuit of the strategy thus 1.20 La mise en place de la strategic ainsi described played a catalytic role in the decrite joue un role de catalyseur dans la political and ethnic violence of the time, violence politique et ethnique de cette epoque which climaxed in the April 1994 massacres. qui atteint son paroxysme avec les massacres The early part of the 90s was marked by d'avril 1994. Le debut des annees 90 est numerous political assassinations and large marque par de nombreux assassinats massacres of the Tutsi minority, including the politiques et d'importants massacres de la one in Kibilira (1990), that of the Bagogwe minorite Tutsi, dont celui de Kibilira (1990), (1991) and the one in Bugesera (1992). The ceux des Bagogwe (1991) et celui du massacres were instigated and organized by Bugesera (1992). Ces massacres sont suscites local authorities with the complicityofcertain et organises par des autorites locales avec la prominent persons from the President's circle. complicite de certaines personnalites de Therein can be found the components ofthe I'entourage du President Habyarimana. On y strategy which culminated in the genocide of retrouve tous les elements de la strategie qui 1994. va aboutir au genocide de 1994.

1.21 In early 1994, certain prominent 1.21 Au debut de 1994, des manifestations people from Habyarimana's circle instigated violentes visant aempecher la mise en place violent demonstrations in aimed at des Accords d'Arusha se deroulent aKigali a preventing the implementation ofthe Arusha l'instigation de certaines personnalites de Accords. Soldiers in civilian clothes and l' entourage d'Habyarimana. On yretrouve des militiamen took part, seeking to provoke militaires en civil aux cotes des miliciens qui confrontations with the Belgian UNAMIR cherchent aprovoquer des affrontements avec soldiers. These incidents were partially the les soldats belges de la MINUAR. Ces cause of the postponement of the incidents sont en partie al'origine du report establishment of the institutions foreseen by de la mise en place des institutions prevues the Arusha Accords. dans les Accords d' Arusha.

1.22 On 6 April 1994, the plane carrying, 1.22 Le 6 avril 1994, I' avion transportant,

8 7..",

among other passengers, the President ofthe entre autres passagers, Ie President de la Republic of Rwanda, Juvenal Habyarimana, Republique du Rwanda, Juvenal was shot down on its approach to Kigali Habyarimana, est abattu peu avant son airport. atterrissage it l'aeroport de Kigali.

1.23 In the hours which followed the crash 1.23 Dans les heures qui suivent la chute de ofthe President's plane, the senior officers of I' avion presidentiel, les principaux officiers the FAR convened to assess the situation. des FAR se reunissent pour evaluer la Those who shared the extremist Hutu situation. Ceux qui partagent I'ideologie ideology, generally from the North, proposed extremiste Hutu, generalement les militaires an Army take-over. During a second meeting du nord du pays, proposent la prise du pouvoir which took place on the morning of7 April, par l'Armee, Le 7 avril au matin, lors d'une that option was rejected in favour ofsetting up deuxieme reunion, cette option est rejetee au an interim Government. profit de la mise sur pied d'un gouvemement interimaire.

1.24 Already on the morning of? April and 1.24 Des le 'l avril au matin, parallelement while these discussions were taking place, it ces discussions, des groupes de militaires, groups ofmilitary, lists in hand, proceeded to listes en main, precedent it I' arrestation, it la arrest, confine and carry out systematic sequestration et it I'assassinat de nombreux assassinations of a large number ofpolitical opposants politiques, Hutu et Tutsi, parmi opponents, both Hutu and Tutsi, including the lesquels le Premier Ministre, certains des Prime Minister, some ofthe Ministers in her ministres de son gouvemement et le President Government and the President of the de la Cour Constitutionnelle. Par contre, au Constitutional Court. At the same time, meme moment, des militaires evacuent dans however, the military were evacuating des endroits sills des personnalites de prominent members of the dead President's I' entourage du defunt President, y compris les circle, including the MRND Ministers, to safe ministres du MRND. locations. Les militaires belges de la MINUAR envoyes The BelgianUNAMIR soldiers sent to protect pour proteger le Premier Ministre sont the Prime Minister were disarmed, arrested desarmes, arretes et conduits au camp and taken to Kigali military camp, where they militaire de Kigali oil ils sont massacres. Cet were massacred, prompting the withdrawal of incident precipite le retrait du contingent the Belgian contingent in the days that belge dans les jours qui suivent. Apres le followed. After the withdrawal ofthe Belgian retrait des troupes belges, le Conseil de troops, the UN Security Council drastically securite des Nations-Unies reduit de facon reduced the number ofUNAMIRpersonnel in draconienne le nombre de personnel de la Rwanda. MINUAR au Rwanda.

1.25 The leaders ofvarious political parties 1.25 Les dirigeants des divers partis not targeted in the assassinations assembled at politiques non vises par les assassinats se the request of military officers. Other than reunissent it la demande d' officiers militaires. members of the MRND, most participants En dehors des membres du MRND, la plupart were members ofthe "Power" wings oftheir des participants sont membres des ailes respective parties. Given the political and "Power" de leurs partis respectifs. Etant constitutional void created by the deaths of donne le vide politique et constitutionnel cree most national political authorities, they set up par la mort de la plupart des personnalites a government based on the 1991 constitution. politiques nationales, ils mettent sur pied un Composed solely of Hutu, the government gouvemement fonde sur la constitution de

9

- -_...• _--_._-----.-.._------_. was sworn in on 9 April 1994. The MRND 1991. Le gouvernement, exclusivement held nine ministerial posts, plus the compose de personnalites Hutu, prete serment Presidency of the Republic, while the le 9 avril 1994. Neufpostes ministeriels sont remaining 11 positions, including that of attribues au MRND, en plus de la presidence Prime Minister, went to the "Power" factions de la Republique, et les onze postes restants, ofthe other parties. incluant celui de premier ministre, reviennent aux factions "Power" des autres partis.

1.26 In the hours following the crash of 1.26 Dans les heures qui suivent la chute de President Habyarimana's plane, military and I'avion du President Habyarimana, les militiamen set up roadblocks and began militaires et les miliciens erigent des barrages slaughtering Tutsi and members of the Hutu et commencent a massacrer les Tutsi et les opposition in Kigali and in other parts of membres de l'opposition Hutu a Kigali et Rwanda. At the roadblocks, they checked the dans d'autres regions du Rwanda. Aux identity cards ofpassers-by and killed those or barrages, ils precedent a la verification des most of those who were identified as Tutsi. cartes d'identite de tous les passants et Military patrols, often involving militiamen, executent toutes les personnes, ou la plupart scoured the city, lists in hand, to execute the des personnes, identifiees comme etant Tutsi. Tutsi and certain political opponents. Des patrouilles de militaires, souvent accompagnes de miliciens sillonnent la ville, listes en main, pour executer les Tutsi et certains opposants politiques.

1.27 During the entire period of the 1.27 Durant toute la periode du genocide, genocide, FAR military, particularly units of des militaires des FAR, particulierement des the Presidential Guard, the Para-Commando unites de la Garde Presidentielle, du Bataillon Batallion, Reconnaissance Battalion and the Para-Commando, du Bataillon reconnaissance Gendarmerie, in complicity with militiamen, et de la Gendarmerie, avec la complicite de actively participated in the massacres of the miliciens, participent activement aux Tutsi throughout Rwanda. massacres de Tutsi sur toute I'etendue du Rwanda.

1.28 As soon as it was formed, the Interim 1.28 Des sa formation, le Gouvernement Government espoused the plan for Interimaire fait sien le plan d'extermination extermination put in place. Throughout the mis en place. Durant toute la periode des period of the massacres, the Government massacres, le Gouvernement prend des made decisions and issued directives to aid decisions et donne des directives dans le but and abet in the extermination of the Tutsi d' aider et encourager I'extermination de la population and the elimination of the Hutu population Tutsi et l'elimination des political opponents. Members of the opposants politiques Hutu. Des membres de Government incited the population to ce gouvernement incitent la population a eliminate the enemy and its "accomplices", eliminer l'ennemi et ses "complices", certains some of them participating directly in the d' entre eux prennent part directement aux massacres. massacres.

1.29 Local authorities, including prefets, 1.29 Des autorites locales, telles que les bourgmestres, conseillers de secteur and Prefets, les Bourgmestres, les conseillers de responsables de cellule applied the secteur et les responsables de cellule, Government-issued directives in execution of appliquent les directives du Gouvernement the plan for the extermination of the Tutsi visant aexecuter le plan d'extermination de la

10 population. They incited and ordered their population Tutsi. Ils incitent et ordonnent a subordinates to perpetrate the massacres and leurs subordonnes de se livrer aux massacres took a direct part in them. et y prennent eux-memes part directement.

1.30 Having been psychologically and 1.30 Les groupes de miliciens, militarily prepared for several months, the psychologiquement et militairement prepares groups of militiamen spearheaded the depuis plusieurs mois, constituent le fer de execution ofthe extermination plan and were lance dans l'execution du plan directly involved in the massacres of the d' extermination et sont directementimpliques civilian Tutsi population and of moderate dans les massacres de la population civile , thus causing the deaths ofhundreds of Tutsi et des Hutu moderes, causant ainsi la thousands ofpeople in less than 100 days. mort de centaines de milliers de personnes en moins de 100 jours.

11 2. TERRITORIAL, TEMPORAL AND 2. COMPETENCES TERRITORIALE, MATERIAL JURISDICTION TEMPORELLE ET MATERIELLE

2.1 The crimes referred to in this 2.1 Les crimes vises par le present acte indictment took place in Rwanda between 1 d'accusation ont ete commis au Rwanda entre January and 31 December 1994. le ler janvier 1994 et le 31 decembre 1994.

2.2 During the events referred to in this 2.2 Lors des evenements auxquels se indictment, Rwanda was divided into 11 refere le present acte d'accusation, Ie Rwanda prefectures: Butare, Byumba, Cyangugu, etait divise en 11 prefectures: Butare, Gikongoro, Gisenyi, Gitarama, Kibungo, Byumba, Cyangugu, Gikongoro, Gisenyi, Kibuye, Kigali-Ville, Kigali-Rural and Gitarama, Kibungo, Kibuye, Kigali-ville, Ruhengeri. Each prefecture was subdivided Kigali-rural et Ruhengeri. Chaque prefecture into communes and secteurs. est subdivisee en communes et en secteurs.

2.3 During the events referred to in this 2.3 Lors des evenements auxquels se indictment, Butare prefecture was divided into refere le present acte d'accusation, la 20 communes: Nyakizu, Kigembe, Gishamvu, prefecture de Butare etait divisee en 20 Ngoma, Runyinya, Maraba, Ruhashya, Mbazi, communes soit: Nyakizu, Kigembe, Shyanda, Muyaga, Mugusa, Nyaruhengeri, Gishamvu, Ngoma, Runyinya, Maraba, Ndora, Muganza, Kibayi, Rusatira, Ruhashya, Mbazi, Shyanda, Muyaga, Mugusa, Nyabisindu, Ntyazo, Muyira and Huye. Nyaruhengeri, Ndora, Muganza, Kibayi, Rusatira, Nyabisindu, Ntyazo, Muyira et Huye.

2.4 During the events referred to in this 2.4 Lors des evenements auxquels se indictment, the Tutsi, the Hutu and the Twa refere le present acte d'accusation, les Tutsi, were identified as racial or ethnic groups. les Hutu et les Twa etaient identifies comme des groupes ethniques ou raciaux.

2.5 During the events referred to in this 2.5 Lors des evenements auxquels se indictment, there were throughout Rwanda refere Ie present acte d'accusation, il y a eu widespread or systematic attacks directed sur tout le territoire du Rwanda des attaques against a civilian population on political, systematiques ou generalisees contre une ethnic or racial grounds. population civile, en raison de son appartenance politique, ethnique ou raciale.

2.6 During the events referred to in this 2.6 Lors des evenements auxquels se indictment, a state ofnon-international armed refere le present acte d'accusation, il yavait conflict existed in Rwanda. The victims un conflit anne non international sur le referred to in this indictment were protected territoire du Rwanda. Les victimes auxquelles persons, according to the provisions ofArticle se refere le present acte d'accusation etaient 3 common to the Geneva Conventions and of des personnes protegees, au sens de I'article 3 Additional Protocol II. commun aux Conventions de Geneve et du Protocole additionnel II.

12 3. THE POWER STRUCTURE 3. STRUCTURE DU POUVOIR

The Government Le Gouvernement

3.1 According to the Constitution of 10 3.1 Selon la Constitution du 10juin 1991, June 1991, executive power is exercised by le pouvoir executifest exerce par le President the President ofthe Republic, assisted by the de la Republique, assiste du gouvemement Government, composed ofthe Prime Minister compose du PremierMinistre et des ministres. and the ministers. The members of the Les membres du gouvemement sont nommes Government are appointed by the President of par le President de la Republique sur the Republic upon the proposal ofthe Prime proposition du Premier Ministre. Le Premier Minister. The Prime Minister directs the Ministre est charge de diriger I' action du Government's program. The Government gouvemement. Le gouvemement determine et determines and applies national policy. To conduit la politique de la nation et dispose, it that effect, it controls the civil service and the cet effet, de I'administration publique et de la armed forces. The Prime Minister decides the force armee, Le Premier Ministre determine functions ofthe ministers and officials under les attributions des ministres et des agents the Prime Minister's authority. The places sous son autorite. La demission ou la resignation or termination of tenure of the cessation des fonctions du Premier Ministre, Prime Minister, for whatever reason, causes pour quelque cause que ce soit, entraine la the Government to resign. demission du gouvemement.

3.2 The Ministers implement the 3.2 Les ministres executent la politique du Government's policy, as defined bythe Prime Gouvemement definie par le Premier Minister. They are answerable to the Head of Ministre. lIs repondent devant le Chef du the Government for doing so. In carrying out Gouvemement de cette execution. Dans their duties, they have at their disposal the l'exercice de leurs fonctions ils disposent de civil service and local administration l'administration publique et territoriale corresponding to their functions. correspondante a leurs attributions.

The Local Public Administration L'administration territoriale

3.3 The Prefet represents executive power 3.3 Le prefet est le representant du at prefectural level. The Prefet is appointed pouvoir executifau niveau de la prefecture. II by the President of the Republic on the est nomme sur proposition du ministre de recommendation of the Minister of the l'Interieur par le President de la Republique Interior and carries out his duties under that et exerce ses fonctions sous I'autorite Minister's hierarchical authority. The Prefet's hierarchique du ministre de l'Interieur, authority covers the entire prefecture. L'autorite du prefet s'etend sur l'ensemble de la prefecture.

3.4 In his capacity as administrator ofthe 3.4 En sa qualite d'administrateur de la prefecture, the Prefet is responsible for prefecture, le prefet est charge d'assurer la ensuring peace, public order and the safety of tranquillite, l'ordre public et la securite des people and property. The Prefet, in the personnes et des biens. Dans l'exercice de ses discharge ofhis policing duties, maintaining attributions de police, soit le maintien de

13 peace and public order, may request the l'ordre et de la paix publique, le prefet peut intervention of the army and of the requerir l'intervention de l'armee et de la Gendarmerie Nationale. The Prefet has Gendarmerie Nationale. Le prefet exerce son hierarchical authority over all civil servants autorite hierarchique sur tous les agents de and all persons holding public office within I' administration publique et toutes les the boundaries ofthe prefecture, including the personnes detentrices de la puissance publique bourgmestres and conseillers de secteur. officiant dans la prefecture, parmi lesquels les Bourgmestres et les Conseillers de secteur

3.5 Similarly to the Prefet, the 3.5 A1'instar du prefet, le bourgmestre est Bourgmestre represents executive power at le representant du pouvoir executifau niveau the commune level. He is appointed by the de la commune. 11 est nomme par le President President of the Republic on the de la Republique sur proposition du ministre recommendation of the Minister of the de l'Interieur. 11 est place sous l'autorite Interior. He is under the hierarchical authority hierarchique du prefet, 11 a autorite sur les ofthe Prefet. He has authority over the civil agents de I' administration officiant dans sa servants posted in his commune. Moreover, commune. 11 a par ailleurs des attributions de he has policing duties in regard to maintaining police dans le cadre du maintien de I'ordre et order and law enforcement. de I' execution des lois.

The Forees Armees Rwandaises Les Forces Armees Rwandaises

3.6 The Forces Armees Rwandaises (FAR) 3.6 Les Forces Armees Rwandaises (FAR) were composed ofthe ArmeeRwandaise (AR) etaient composees de l'Armee Rwandaise and the Gendarmerie Nationale (GN). The (AR) et de la Gendarmerie Nationale (GN). Forces Armees Rwandaises did not have a Les Forces Armees Rwandaises ne disposaient unified command and came directly under the pas d'un Etat-Major unifie et relevaient Minister of Defence. The Commander-in­ directement du ministre de la Defense. Le Chiefofthe Forces Armees Rwandaises was chefsupreme des Forces Armees Rwandaises the President ofthe Republic. etait le President de la Republique.

3.7 The Gendarmerie Nationale was 3.7 La Gendarmerie Nationale etait responsible for maintaining public order and chargee du maintien de l'ordre et de la paix peace and the observance ofthe laws in effect publique et de l'execution des lois en vigueur in the country. dans le pays.

3.8 The Gendarmerie Nationale was under 3.8 La Gendarmerie Nationale relevait du the Minister ofDefence but could ministre de la Defense, mais pouvait carry out its duties of ensuring public order exercer ses attributions de maintien de l'ordre and peace at the request of the local et de la paix publique alarequete de I' autorite government authority having jurisdiction, administrative territoriale competente, en la namelythe Prefet. In cases ofemergency, this personne du prefet, En cas d'urgence, cette request could be made verbally, notably by requisition pouvait etre faite verbalement, telephone. Such requests had to be carried out notamment par telephone. Cette requisition immediately. In addition, the Gendarmerie devait etre executee sans delai. En outre, la Nationale was obliged to transmit to the Gendarmerie Nationale devait porter a la Prefet all information relating to public order. connaissance du prefet tout renseignement It had the duty to assist anyone in danger. concernant l'ordre public. Elle devait assistance a toute personne en danger.

14 The Political Parties and The Militia Les Partis Politiques et les Milices

3.9 During the events referred to in this 3.9 Lors des evenements vises dans le indictment, the main political parties in present acte d' accusation, les principaux partis Rwanda were the MRND (Mouvement politiques au Rwanda etaient: le MRND Republicain National pour la Democratic et (Mouvement Republicain National pour la le Developpement), the CDR (Coalition pour Democratic et le Developpement), la CDR la Defense de la Republiquey, the MDR (Coalition pour la Defense de la Republique), (Mouvement Democratique Republicain), the le MDR (Mouvement Democratique PSD (Parti Social-Democratei and the PL Republicain), le PSD (Parti Social­ (Parti Liberal). The RPF (Rwandan Patriotic Democrate) et le PL (Parti Liberal). Le FPR Front) was a politico-military opposition (Front Patriotique Rwandais) etait une organization. organisation politico-militaire d' opposition.

3.10 Most of the political parties had 3.10 La plupart des partis politiques avaient created a youth wing. The members of the cree une aile j eunesse en leur sein. Celle du MRND's youth wing members were known as MRND etait connue sous I'appellation the "Interahamwe" and those of the CDR "Interahamwe" et celle de la CDR sous le were known as the "". nom de "Impuzamugambi". Par la suite, Numerous MRND youth wing members plusieurs membres de l'aile jeunesse du subsequently received military training and MRND ont recu un entrainement militaire; ce were thus tranformed from youth movements qui a transforme ces mouvements de jeunesse into militias. en milices.

15 4. THE ACCUSED 4. LES ACCUSES

Pauline Nyiramasuhuko Pauline Nyiramasuhuko

4.1 Pauline Nyiramasuhuko was born in 4.1 Pauline Nyiramasuhuko est nee en 1946 in Ndora commune, Butare prefecture, 1946 dans la Commune de Ndora, prefecture Rwanda. de Butare, Rwanda.

4.2 At the time ofthe events referred to in 4.2 Lors des evenements vises dans le this indictment, Pauline Nyiramasuhuko present acte d' accusation, Pauline held the office of Minister of Family and Nyiramasuhuko exercait les fonctions de Women's Development in the Interim Ministre de la Famine et de la Promotion Government headed by . feminine au sein du Gouvemement Before that, she held the same office in the Interimaire de Jean Kambanda. Elle a Transitional Government headed by Agathe auparavant occupe les memes fonctions dans Uwilingiyimana. She was a member of the le gouvemement de transition du Premier Mouvement republicain national pour la Ministre, Agathe Uwilingiyimana. Elle etait democratie et le developpement (MRND) and membre du Mouvement republicain national a prominent political figure in Butare pour la democratie et le developpement prefecture. (MRND). Elle etait un personnage politique important dans la prefecture de Butare.

Arsene Shalom Ntahobali Arsene Shalom Ntahobali

4.3 Arsene Shalom (or Shalome) 4.3 Arsene Shalom (ou Shalome) Ntahobali was born in 1970 in Israel, and is Ntahobali est ne en 1970 en Israel. II est le the son ofPauline Nyiramasuhuko. fils de Pauline Nyiramasuhuko.

4.4 During the events referred to in this 4.4 Lors des evenements vises dans le indictment, Arsene Shalom (or Shalome) present acte d' accusation Arsene Shalom (ou Ntahobali was a student and led a group of Shalome) Ntahobali etait etudiantet dirigeait MRND militiamen, the Interahamwe. un groupe de miliciens du MRND, les Interahamwe.

4.5 Arsene Shalom (or Shalome) 4.5 Arsene Shalom (ou Shalome) Ntahobali exercised authority over Ntahobali exercait une autorite sur des Interahamwe militiamen in Butareprefecture. miliciens Interahamwe de la prefecture de Butare.

16 5. CONCISE STATEMENT OF THE 5. EXPOSE SUCCINT DES FAITS: FACTS: PREPARATION PREPARATION

5.1 From late 1990 until July 1994, 5.1 Des la fin de 1990 jusqu'ajuillet 1994, military personnel, members of the des militaires, des membres du gouvemement, goverment, political leaders, civil servants and des responsables politiques, des membres de other personalities conspired among l'administration publique et des personnalites themselves and with others to work out a plan diverses, se sont entendus entre eux et avec with the intent to exterminate the civilian d' autres pour elaborerun plan dans l'intention Tutsi population and eliminate members of d' exterminer la population civile Tutsi et the opposition, so that they could remain in d'eliminer des membres de l'opposition et se power. The components ofthis plan consisted maintenir ainsi au pouvoir. Les elements de ce of, among other things, recourse to hatred and plan comportaient, entre autres, le recours ala ethnic violence, the training of and haine et a la violence ethnique, l'entrainement distribution ofweapons to militiamen as well et la distribution d'armes aux miliciens ainsi as the preparation of lists of people to be que la confection de listes de personnes a eliminated. In executing the plan, they eliminer, Dans l'execution de ce plan ils ont organized, ordered and participated in the organise, ordonne et participe aux massacres massacres perpetrated against the Tutsi perpetresa l'encontre de la population Tutsi et population and of moderate Hutu. Pauline des Hutu moderes, Pauline Nyiramasuhuko, Nyiramasuhuko, Andre Rwamakuba, Andre Rwamakuba, Sylvain Nsabimana, Sylvain Nsabimana, Alphonse Nteziryayo, Alphonse Nteziryayo, Joseph Kanyabashi, Joseph Kanyabashi, Elie Ndayambaje, Elie Ndayambaje, et Ladislas Ntaganzwa and Shalom Arsene Shalom Arsene Ntahobali ont participe a Ntahobali elaborated, adhered to and I'elaboration de ce plan, y ont adhere et l'ont executed this plan. execute.

5.2 InDecember 1993 and January 1994, 5.2 En decembre 1993 et enjanvier 1994, UNAMIR received information detailing a la MINUAR a recu des informations qui plan to exterminate the Tutsi population and exposaient des details d'un plan concu aux its "accomplices". fins d' exterminer la population Tutsi et ses "complices".

Speeches and Incitement Discours et Incitation

5.3 The incitement to ethnic hatred and 5.3 L'incitation a la haine et a la violence violence was a fundamental part of the plan ethniques a constitue un element essentiel du put in place. It was articulated, before and plan mis en place. Elle a ete articulee, avant et during the genocide, by elements ofthe FAR durant le genocide, d'une part par des on the one hand, and by members of the elements des FAR, et d'autre part par des Government and local authorities on the other. membres du gouvemement et des autorites locales.

5.4 On 4 December 1991, President 5.4 Le 4 decembre 1991, le President Juvenal Habyarimana set up a military Juvenal Habyarimana met en place une commission. The commission presided by commission militaire. Cette commission Colonel Theoneste Bagosora was given the presidee par le Colonel Theoneste Bagosora

17 task of finding an answer to the following etait chargee de repondre a la question question: "What do we need to do in order to suivante: "Que faut-il faire pour vaincre defeat the enemy militarily. in the media and l'ennemi sur le plan militaire. mediatique et politically?" politique? "

5.5 In a letter dated 21 September 1992, 5.5 Dans une lettre datee du 21 septembre the General Staff of the Rwandan Army 1992, l'Etat-Major de l' Armee Rwandaise a ordered that an extract from the commission ordonne la diffusion, parmi les troupes, d'un report be circulated among the troops. The extrait du rapport produit par cette letter came from the office of the Chief of commission. Cette lettre emanait du bureau du Intelligence (G-2), namely Lieutenant Colonel Chef des renseignements (G-2), a savoir le Anatole Nsengiyumva. The extract defined Lieutenant Colonel Anatole Nsengiyumva. Ce the main enemy as follows: "The Tutsisfrom document definissait l' ennemi principal inside or outside the country, who are comme etant "le Tutsi de l'interieur ou de extremists and nostalgic for power, who do l'exterieur, extremiste et nostalgique du not recognize and have never recognized the pouvoir, qui n 'a jamais reconnu et ne realities ofthe Social Revolution of1959, and reconnait pas encore les realites de la are seeking to regain power in Rwanda by Revolution Sociale de 1959 et qui veut any means, including taking up arms." The reconquerir le pouvoir au Rwanda par tous secondary enemy was defined as: "Anyone les moyens, y compris les armes"et l' ennemi providing any kind ofassistance to the main secondaire comme etant "toute personne qui enemy". The document specified that the apporte tout concours it l'ennemiprincipal". enemywas being recruited from within certain Le document precisait que le recrutement de social groups, notably: "the inside the l' ennemi se faisait parmi certains groupes country, Hutus who are dissatisfied with the sociaux, notamment: "...Les Tutsi de present regime, foreigners married to Tutsi l'interieur, les Hutu mecontents du regime en women...". Among the activities the enemy place, les etrangers maries aux femmes was accused of, the document mentioned "the Tutsi... " Parmi les activites reprochees a diversion ofnational opinion from the ethnic l' ennemi, le document mentionnait le problem to the socio-economic problem H •• • Detournement de l'opinion nationale du between the rich and the poor". probleme ethnique vers le probleme socio­ economique entre les riches et les pauvres".

5.6 The document and the use made ofit 5.6 Ce document et l'utilisation qu'en ont by the senior officers aided, encouraged and faite les officiers superieurs ont aide, promoted ethnic hatred and violence. encourage et favorise la haine et la violence ethniques.

5.7 The characterization of the Tutsis as 5.7 La qualification des Tutsi comme etant the enemy and ofmembers ofthe opposition l' ennemi et des membres de l'opposition as their accomplices was echoed by comme etant leurs complices, a ete reprise par politicians, notably by Leon Mugesera, des politiciens, notamment Leon Mugesera, MRND Vice-Chairman for Gisenyi Vice President du MRND pour la prefecture prefecture, in a speech he made on 22 de Gisenyi, dans un discours prononce le 22 November 1992. Broadcast on the state radio novembre 1992. Diffuse sur la Radio d'Etat et and therefore reaching a much larger s' adressant ainsi a un public beaucoup plus audience, Leon Mugesera's speech already at large, le discours de Leon Mugesera, a incite, that time was an incitement to exterminate the des cette epoque, aexterminer la population Tutsi population and their "accomplices". Tutsi et ses "complices".

18 7t1l>I

5.8 From April to July 1994, incitement to 5.8 D'avril ajuillet 1994, cette incitation a hatred and violence was propagated by la haine et a la violence a ete propagee par various prominent persons, including differentes personnalites, dont des membres members of the Government and local du Gouvernement et des autorites locales. Le authorities. The President, Theodore President, Theodore Sindikubwabo, le Sindikubwabo, the Prime Minister, Jean Premier Ministre, Jean Kambanda, les Kambanda, Ministers Pauline ministres Pauline Nyaramasuhuko et Andre Nyaramasuhuko and Andre Rwamakuba, Rwamakuba, des autorites locales tels les local authorities such as the Prefets, Sylvain Prefets: Sylvain Nsabimana et Alphonse Nsabimana and Alphonse Nteziryayo, the Nteziryayo, les Bourgmestres: Joseph Bourgmestres Joseph Kanyabashi, Ladislas Kanyabashi, Ladislas Ntaganzwa et Elie Ntaganzwa and Elie Ndayambaje publicly Ndayambaje, ont incite publiquement la incited the people to exterminate the Tutsi population a exterminer la population Tutsi et population and its "accomplices". ses "complices".

The Militia Groups Les Milices

5.9 The creation of the youth wings 5.9 La creation des ailes jeunesses satisfied two ofthe political parties' concerns: repondait a deux preoccupations au niveau des to mobilize young people and to sensitize partis politiques: mobiliser et sensibiliser les them to politics. The MRND and CDR jeunes alapolitique. Le MRND et la CDR ont followed the example ofthe MDR and RPF, suivi l'exemple du MDR et du FPR qui which had already institutionalized their youth avaient deja institutionnalise leurs movements. Political rivalries during the mouvements de jeunesse. Les rivalites multi-party period exacerbated tensions. The politiques de la periode du multi-partisme ont "Interahamwe" and "Impuzamugambi" exacerbe les tensions. Les "Interahamwe" et began to be drawn astray from the time they les "Impuzamugambi" ont ete entraines dans were used to oppose with violence the la derive des lors qu'ils ont ete utilises pour political demonstrations organized by parties s'opposer violemment aux manifestations ofthe opposition. politiques organisees par les partis de I'opposition.

5.10 In order to ensure that, when the time 5.10 Afin de s'assurer qu'a terme, came, the extermination ofthe enemy and its I'extermination de I'ennemi et de ses "accomplices" would be carried out swiftly "complices" se ferait rapidement et and effectively, it was necessary to create a efficacement, il etait necessaire de constituer militia that was structured, armed and une milice, structuree, armee et complementary to the Armed Forces. For the complementaire aux Forces Armees, Pour militia to be represented nationally, donner une representation nationale a cette Interahamwe committees were created at milice, des comites d'Interahamwe ont ete prefecture level. This decision of the central crees au niveau prefectoral, Cette decision committee ofthe MRND taken in June 1993 prise par le Comite Centrale du MRND en was carried out by political figures in their juin 1993 a ete mise en oeuvre par des localities, including, among others, Pauline personnalites politiques au niveau de leur Nyiramasuhuko in Butare. circonscription, parmi lesquelles Pauline Nyiramasuhuko a Butare.

19 5.11 As from 1993, and even before that 5.11 Des 1993 et meme avant, dans un date, anxious to radicalize the Interahamwe souci de radicalisation du mouvement movement, the leaders of the MRND, in Interahamwe, les dirigeants du MRND, en collaboration with officers of the FAR, collaboration avec des officiers des FAR, ont decided to provide support, military training decide d'apporter leur appui, de fournir des and weapons to those members most devoted armes et d'assurer un entrainement militaire to their extremist cause and to other idle aux elements les plus devoues a leur cause youths. extremiste ainsi qu'ad'autres jeunes desoeuvres,

Training ofthe Militia Groups L 'entrainement des milices

5.12 In Butare, Alphonse Nteziryayo, 5.12 A Butare, Alphonse Nteziryayo, Joseph Kanyabashi and Ladislas Ntaganzwa, Joseph Kanyabashi et Ladislas Ntaganzwa, between March and June 1994, facilitated and entre mars et juin 1994, ont aide et facilite assisted the military training of certain I'entrainement militaire de certains membres members ofthe civilian population in Ngoma de la population civile, dans les communes de and Nyakizu communes. Ngoma et de Nyakizu.

Distribution ofWeapons La distribution d'armes

5.13 InButare, before and during the events 5.13 A Butare, avant et durant les referred to in this indictment, Joseph evenements vises dans le present acte Kanyabashi, Alphonse Nteziryayo, Elie d' accusation, Joseph Kanyabashi, Alphonse Ndayambaje, Ladislas Ntaganzwa and others Nteziryayo, Elie Ndayambaje et Ladislas distributed weapons to the militiamen and Ntaganzwa, et d'autres ont distribue des certain carefully selected members of the armes aux miliciens et a certains membres civilian population with the intent to soigneusement choisis de la population civile exterminate the Tutsi population and dans l'intention d' exterminer la population eliminate its "accomplices". Tutsi et d'eliminer ses "complices".

Establishment of Lists Confection de listes

5.14 Having identified the Tutsi as the 5.14 Apres avoir identifie le Tutsi comme enemy and the members ofthe opposition as etant l' ennemi principal et les membres de their accomplices, members of the Army I'opposition comme ses complices, des General Staff, civilian authorities and membres de l'Etat-Major de l' Armee, des militiamen established lists of people to be autorites civiles et des miliciens ont dresse des executed. listes de personnes a executer.

5.15 From 7 April to late July, military and 5.15 Du 7 avril ala finjuillet, des militaires Interahamwe massacred members ofthe Tutsi et des Interahamwe ont perpetre des population and moderate Hutu by means of massacres de membres de la population Tutsi pre-established lists, among other things. et des Hutu moderes, entre autres a l'aide de listes pre-etablies,

20 Precursors Revealing A Deliberate Course Antecedents revelant une conduite ofAction deliberee

5.16 The political and ethnic violence ofthe 5.16 La violence ethnique et politique du early 1990s was characterized by the use of debut des annees 90 a ete caracterisee par the elements ofthe strategywhich achieved its I'utilisation des elements de la strategie qui finality in the genocide of April 1994. The allait connaitre son aboutissement avec le massacres of the Tutsi minority at that time, genocide de 1994. Les massacres de la including those in Kibilira (1990), in minorite Tutsi perpetres acette epoque, tels Bugesera (1992), and those of the Bagogwe que ceux aKibilira (1990), aBugesera (1992), (1991), were instigated, facilitated and et ceux al'encontre des Bagogwe (1991) ont organized by civilian and military authorities. ete suscites, facilites et organises par des On each occasion, a campaign ofincitement autorites civiles et militaires. A chaque to ethnic violence, conducted by local occasion une campagne d'incitation a la authorities, was followed bymassacres ofthe violence ethnique menee par des autorites Tutsi minority, perpetrated by groups of locales a ete suivie de massacres de la militiamen and civilians, armed and assisted minorite Tutsi, perpetres par des groupes de bythe same authorities and bycertain military miliciens et de civils, armes et aides par ces personnel. On each occasion, these crimes memes autorites et certains militaires. A remained unpunished and the authorities chaque occasion, ces crimes sont demeures implicated were generally not taken to task. impunis et les autorites impliquees n'ont generalement pas ete inquietees,

5.17 Finally, as of7 April 1994, throughout 5.17 Finalement, des le 7 avril 1994, sur Rwanda, Tutsis and certain moderate Hutu tout le territoire du Rwanda, des Tutsi et began to flee their homes to escape the certains Hutu moderes, pour echapper a la violence to which they were victims on their violence dont ils etaient victimes sur leurs hills and to seek refuge in places where they collines, ont commence afuir leurs maisons had traditionally felt safe, notably churches, pour chercher refuge dans des endroits ou hospitals and other public buildings such as traditionnellement ils s'etaient sentis en commune and prefecture securite,notamment des eglises,des hopitaux offices. On several occasions, gathering et d'autres edifices publics comme les places were indicated to them by the local bureaux communaux et prefectoraux, A authorities, who had promised to protect plusieurs occasions, des endroits de them. For the initial days, the refugees were rassemblement leur avaient ete indiques par protected by a few gendarmes and communal des autorites locales qui avaient promis de les police in these various locations, but proteger. Durant les premiers jours, les subsequently, the refugees were systematically refugies ont ete proteges par quelques attacked and massacred by militiamen, often gendarmes et policiers communaux dans ces assisted by the same authorities who had differents endroits, mais par la suite, promised to protect the refugees. During the systematiquement, les refugies ont ete numerous attacks on the refugees throughout attaques et massacres par des miliciens, the country, personnel ofthe FAR, military or souvent aides par ces memes autorites qui gendarmes, who were supposed to protect avaient promis de les proteger. Au cours des them, prevented the Tutsi from escaping and nombreuses attaques menees contre les facilitated their massacre bythe Interahamwe. refugies partout a travers le pays, des On several occasions, these FAR personnel membres des FAR, militaires ou gendarmes, participated directly in the massacres. qui devaient les proteger, ont empeche les Tutsi de fuir et facilite leur massacre par les Interahamwe. A plusieurs occasions, ces

21 membres des FAR ont participe directement aux massacres.

5.18 Furthermore, soldiers, militiamen and 5.18 De plus, des militaires, des miliciens gendarmes raped, or sexually assaulted and et des gendarmes ont commis des viols, des committed other crimes of a sexual nature agressions sexuelles et d' autres crimes de against Tutsi women and girls, sometimes nature sexuelle a I'encontre de certaines after having first kidnapped them. femmes et j eunes filles Tutsi et ce parfois apres les avoir enlevees,

22 6. CONCISE STATEMENT OF THE 6. EXPOSE SUCCINCT DES FAITS: FACTS: OTHER VIOLATIONS AUTRES VIOLATIONS DU OF INTERNATIONAL DROIT INTERNATIONAL HUMANITARIAN LAW HUMANITAIRE

Power Crisis Crise du pouvoir

6.1 On 6 April 1994 at about 8:30 p.m., 6.1 Au soir du 6 avril 1994 vers 20:30 the plane carrying, among other passengers, heures, l' avion transportant entre autres the President of the Republic, Juvenal passagers le President de la Republique du Habyarimana, was shot down on its approach Rwanda, Juvenal Habyarimana, a ete abattu to Kigali Airport, Rwanda. peu avant son atterrissage a I'aeroport de Kigali, Rwanda.

6.2 Following the crash ofthe President's 6.2 Apres la chute de l' avion presidentiel, plane, the Forces Armees Rwandaises were les Forces Armees Rwandaises se sont left without leadership. The President was retrouvees sans direction. Le President etait dead, along with the Chief of Staff of the mort ainsi que le chef d'Etat-Major (AR), le Rwandan Army, Colonel Deogratias Colonel Deogratias Nsabimana. Le Ministre Nsabimana. The Minister of Defence, de la Defense, Augustin Bizimana etait en Augustin Bizimana, was on mission in the mission en Republique du Cameroun. En son Republic of Cameroon. In his absence, absence, le Colonel Theoneste Bagosora, son Colonel Theoneste Bagosora, his directeur de directeur de cabinet, s' est impose comme cabinet, asserted himself as the man of the 1'homme de la situation ameme de gerer la moment capable ofmanaging the crisis. cnse.

6.3 Within the first hours following the 6.3 Au cours des premieres heures qui ont death of the President, two important suivi la mort du President, deux reunions meetings took place in Kigali, during which importantes ont eu lieu a Kigali, au cours Colonel Theoneste Bagosora and several desquelles le Colonel Theoneste Bagosora et Army offciers attempted to seize power. plusieurs officiers de l'armee ont tente de During this period Colonel Theoneste prendre le pouvoir. Au cours de cetteperiode, Bagosora openly opposed any consultation le Colonel Theoneste Bagosora s' est oppose with the Prime Minister, Agathe ouvertement a toute consultation avec le Uwilingiyimana. premier ministre Agathe Uwilingiyimana.

6.4 Indeed, while the meeting of 7April 6.4 De fait, pendant que se deroulait la was going on, Prime Minister Agathe reunion du 7 Avril, le Premier Ministre, Uwilingiyimana was tracked down, arrested, Madame Agathe Uwilingiyimana etait sexually assaulted and killed by Rwandan traquee, arretee, agressee sexuellementet tuee Army personnel, more specifically, members par des membres de l' Armee Rwandaise,plus of the Presidential Guard, the Para­ particulierement ceux de la Garde Commando Battalion and the Reconnaissance Presidentielle, du bataillon Para-Commando Battalion. Concurrently,members ofthe same et du bataillon de Reconnaissance. units arrested, confined and killed important Parallelement acet assassinat, des membres opposition leaders. That same morning, ten de ces memes unites ont arrete, sequestre et Belgian para-commandos from UNAMIR tue des leaders importants de l' opposition.

23 who had been dispatched to the residence of Dans la meme matinee, 10 Para-Commandos the Prime Minister were brutally murdered at belges de la MINUAR qui avaient ete envoyes Kigali military camp. a la residence du Premier Ministre etaient assassines au camp militaire de Kigali.

6.5 The elimination ofpolitical opponents 6.5 L' elimination des opposantspolitiques made it possible to set aside the establishment a permis d'ecarter la mise en place du of the Broad Based Transition Government Gouvemement de Transition aBase Elargie (BBTG), stipulated in the Arusha Accords, in (G.T.B.E.), prevue aux Accords d'Arusha, au favour of an Interim Government. The profit d'un Gouvemement Interimaire. murder ofthe Belgian soldiers prompted the L'assassinat des militaires belges a provoque withdrawal of most of UNAMIR's le retrait de la majeure partie des contingents contingents. Those two events removed the de la MINUAR. Ces deux evenements ont two major obstacles to the pursuit of the ecarte les deux obstacles majeurs a la massacres. poursuite des massacres.

Formation ofthe Interim Government Formation du Gouvernement Interimaire

6.6 Making up for the failure of the 6.6 Faisant face a!' echec de la tentativede attempt at a military takeover by certain prise du pouvoir par certains militaires, le military personnel, Colonel Theoneste Colonel Theoneste Bagosora et les dirigeants Bagosora and the leaders ofthe MRND and du MRND ont forme un Gouvemement set up an Interim Government which would Interimaire qui allait aider et encourager la aid and abet the continuation ofthe massacres. continuation des massacres. Les membres du The members of the Government were Gouvemement ont ete designes lors de la appointed at a meeting held on 8 April. The reunion tenue le 8 Avril. Le Colonel same day, Colonel Theoneste Bagosora Theoneste Bagosora a ensuite presente au introduced the individuals chosen to constitute comite militaire de crise, le meme jour, les the Interim Government to the military crisis personnes choisies pour composer le committee. They were almost all members of Gouvemement Interimaire. Ces personnes the MRND and of the "Power" wings ofthe etaient presque toutes issues du MRND et des other political parties. No one ofTutsi descent ailes dites "power" des autres partis was included either in the talks or in the new politiques. Aucune personnalite d' origine Government. Tutsi n'a ete associee aux discussions ou n'a fait partie du nouveau gouvemement.

6.7 Jean Kambanda was appointed Prime 6.7 Jean Kambanda a ete designe Premier Minister of the Interim Government of Ministre du Gouvemement Interimaire de la Rwanda formed on 8 April 1994. The Republique Rwandaise constitue le 8 avril Government was officially sworn in on 9 1994. Le Gouvemement a officiellementprete April 1994. It was composed of 19 cabinet serment le 9 avril 1994. II comptait 19 ministers, among them Pauline ministres dont Pauline Nyiramasuhuko et Nyiramasuhuko and Andre Rwamakuba. Andre Rwamakuba.

Perpetration of the Massacres Commission des massacres

6.8 As ofthe night of 6 to 7 April, in the 6.8 Des la nuit du 6 au 7 avril, dans la capital, elements of the Presidential Guard capitale, des elements de la Garde

24 and Para-Commando Battalion set up Presidentielle et du bataillonPara-Commando roadblocks on the major roads, controlling ont erige des barrages, sur les principaux axes people's movements. Militiamen soonjoined routiers, controlant le deplacement de la them or set up their own roadblocks. At these population. Par la suite, des miliciens se sont places Tutsis or people thought to be Tutsis joints a eux ou ont erige leurs propres were summarily executed. Concurrently, barrages. Aces endroits, des Tutsi ou des groups ofsoldiers and militiamen scoured the personnes considerees comme telles etaient city and murdered civilians. sommairement executees, Parallelement, des groupes de militaires et de miliciens ont sillonne la ville et se sont livres a des assassinats de civils.

6.9 As from 7 April 1994, massacres of 6.9 A partir du 7 avril 1994, des massacres the Tutsi population and the murder of de la population Tutsi et l'assassinat de numerous political opponents were nombreux opposants politiques ont ete perpetrated throughout the territory of commis sur tout le territoire du Rwanda. Ces Rwanda. These crimes, which had been crimes planifies et prepares de longue date par planned and prepared for a long time by des personnalites civiles et militaires prominent civilian and military figures who partageant I'ideologie hutu extremiste ont ete shared the extremist Hutu ideology, were perpetres par des miliciens, des militaires et carried out by militiamen, military personnel des gendarmes suivant les ordres et les and gendarmes on the orders and directives of directives de certaines de ces autorites, some of these authorities, sometimes by parfois al'aide de listes pre-etablies. Dans la means of pre-established lists. In Butare prefecture de Butare, a quelques rares prefecture, apart from a few exceptions as exceptions dont la commune de Nyakizu, les Nyakizu commune, the massacres did not start massacres ne debuterent qu'apres le 19 Avril until 19 April 1994. 1994.

INTERIM GOVERNMENT GOUVERNEMENTINTERIMAIRE

6.10 As soon as the Interim Government 6.10 Des la formation du Gouvemement was formed, numerous Cabinet members Interimaire, plusieurs membres du Cabinet ont supported the plan of extermination in place adhere au plan d'extermination mis en place and took the necessary steps to execute it. et pris les moyens necessaires pour l' executer. They incited the people to eliminate "the Us ont incite la population a eliminer enemy and its accomplices", distributed "l'ennemi et ses complices", lui ont distribue weapons to them, dismissed local government des armes. Us ont revoque des autorites authorities who were opposed to the administratives locales opposees aux massacres, replacing them with others who massacres pour les remplacer par d' autres were devoted to the cause, and adopted acquises ala cause et ont adopte des directives directives intended to facilitate the massacre visant a faciliter les massacres de la ofthe civilian Tutsi population. population civile Tutsi.

6.11 Already, on 8 April, the new 6.11 Des le 8 avril, le nouveau Government summoned all the prefets to a Gouvemement a convoque tous les prefets meeting in Kigali for the purpose ofassessing pour une reunion a Kigali, dans le but the situation in the country at the time. The d'evaluer la situation qui prevalait dans le emergency meeting was held on 11 April pays. Cette reunion de crise tenue le 11 avril 1994 and recorded the participation of all the 1994, a enregistre la participation de tous les

25 Government ministers and all the prefets, ministres, et celIe de tous les prefets, except those of Butare ( Jean Baptiste exception faite de ceux de Butare (Jean Habyarimana), Ruhengeri and Cyangugu. At Baptiste Habyarimana), de Ruhengeri et de this meeting, the situation as regards the Cyangugu. Lors de cette reunion, la situation massacres in each prefecture was analyzed. des massacres dans chaque prefecture a ete analysee.

6.12 Rather than to take immediate action 6.12 Le 17 avril, au lieu de prendre des to put an end to the massacres, on 17 April, mesures immediates pour mettre fin aux the Interim Government dismissed several massacres, le gouvemement interimaire a authorities, among them the Prefet ofButare, plutot limoge plusieurs responsables, dont le Jean Baptiste Habyalimana, for their refusal prefet de Butare, Jean Baptiste Habyalimana, to take part in the massacres so that the parce qu'ils avaient refuse de prendre part aux killings could spread to the country as a massacres et ce afin que les tueries s' etendent whole. al'ensemble du pays.

6.13 Between 9 April and 14 July 1994, 6.13 Entre le 9 avril et 14 juillet 1994, de numerous Cabinet meetings were held nombreuses reunions du Conseil des Ministres successively in Kigali, Gitarama and Gisenyi. se sont tenues successivement a Kigali, During this period, the Prime Minister, Jean Gitarama et Gisenyi. Durant cette periode le Kambanda, and Ministers including Pauline Premier Ministre, Jean Kambanda, les Nyiramasuhuko and Andre Rwamakuba Ministres, dont Pauline Nyiramasuhuko et were regularly briefed on the situation in Andre Rwamakuba, etaient regulierement regard to the massacres of the civilian tenus informes de la situation des massacres population. On several occasions during these de la population civile. Aplusieurs occasions meetings, the Ministers demanded weapons to lors de ces reunions, les Ministres ont exige distribute in their respective home prefectures, des armes pour les distribuer dans leur knowing that the weapons would be used in prefecture d'origine, sachant qu'elles seraient the massacres. utilisees dans les massacres.

6.14 Between 9 April and 14 July 1994, 6.14 Entre le 9 avril et le 14juillet 1994, au during these numerous Cabinet meetings, the cours de ces nombreuses reunions du Conseil Interim Government adopted directives and des Ministres, le Gouvemement Interimaire a gave instructions to the prefets and the adopte des directives et donne des instructions bourgmestres. The decisions, which were aux prefets et aux bourgmestres. Ces then passed on to the general public, were decisions, repercutees ala population, visaient intended to incite, aid and abet the ainciter, encourager et aider acommettre les perpetration of the massacres. In order to massacres. Pour s'assurer de la mise en ensure that the directives and instructions oeuvre de ces directives et instructions, le were carried out, Jean Kambanda's Interim Gouvemement Interimaire de Jean Kambanda Government designated a Minister for each a designe pour chaque prefecture, un Ministre prefecture to be responsible for what was responsable de ce qu'on appelait la termed 'pacification'. Pauline pacification. Pauline Nyiramasuhuko devait Nyiramasuhuko was assigned this task for assumer cette mission aButare. Butare.

6.15 On 27 April 1994, the Interim 6.15 Le 27 avril 1994, le Gouvemement Government ordered roadblocks to be set up, Interimaire a ordonne I'erection de barrages knowing that the roadblocks were being used routiers, sachant que ceux-ci etaient utilises to identify the Tutsi and their "accomplices" pour identifier les Tutsi et leurs "complices",

26 for the purpose ofeliminating them. afin de les eliminer,

6.16 On 25 May 1994, the Interim 6.16 Le 25 mai 1994, le Gouvemement Government adopted directives conceming Interimaire a adopte des directives pour le the civil self-defence program. Its purpose programme d' auto-defense civile. Ce was to legalize the distribution ofweapons to programme visait a legaliser d'une part la the militiamen on the one hand and to distribution des armes aux miliciens et d' autre legitimize the massacres of the civilian part alegitimer les massacres de la population population on the other. As part of the civil civile. Dans le cadre du programme d'auto­ self-defence program, the Interim defense civile, le Gouvemement Interimaire, Government, by ministerial decision, par decision ministerielle, a nomme plusieurs appointed several military officers to lead officiers militaires pour diriger des "Comites "selfdefence committees" established in each d'auto defense" installes dans chaque prefecture. Some of these officers took an prefecture. Certains de ces officiers, tels active part in the massacres, including qu'Alphonse Nteziryayo a Butare, ont Alphonse Nteziryayo in Butare. participe activement aux massacres.

27 7jfi2

EXTENSION OF THE MASSACRES ETENDUE DES MASSACRES

6.17 The massacres of members of the 6.17 Les massacres de membres de la Tutsi population and the murder of the population Tutsi et les assassinats des Hutu moderate Hutu extended throughout the moderes se sont etendus sur I'ensemble du territory ofRwanda. Ineveryprefecture, local territoire du Rwanda. Dans chaque prefecture, civil and military authorities and militiamen des autorites locales, civiles et militaires et espoused the plan of extermination and des miliciens ont adhere au plan followed the directives and orders in order to d'extermination et ont suivi les directives et execute it. They called on the civilian les ordres afin de I'executer. Ils ont appele la population to eliminate the enemy and its population civile it eliminer I' ennemi et ses "accomplices". They distributed weapons to "complices". Ils ont distribue des armes it des civilians and militiamen. They gave orders to civils et des miliciens. Ils ont ordonne, commit, aided, abetted and participated in the encourage, aide et participe aux massacres. massacres.

6.18 From April to July 1994, in all the 6.18 D'avril it juillet 1994, dans toutes les regions ofthe country, members ofthe Tutsi regions du pays, des membres de la population who were fleeing from the population Tutsi qui fuyaient les massacres massacres on their hills sought refuge in sur leurs collines ont cherche refuge dans des locations theythought would be safe, often on endroits qu'ils croyaient surs, souvent sur the recommendation of the local civil and recommandation des autorites locales, civiles military authorities. In numerous of these et militaires. Dans plusieurs de ces endroits, places, despite the promise that they would be malgre la promesse qu'ils seraient proteges protected by the local civil and military par les autorites locales, civiles et militaires, authorities, the refugees were attacked, les refugies ont ete attaques, enleves et abducted and massacred, often on the orders massacres, souvent sur les ordres ou avec la or with the complicity of those same complicite de ces memes autorites. authorities.

BUTARE BUTARE

6.19 Three important factors delayed the 6.19 Trois facteurs importants ont retarde le start of the massacres in Butare prefecture. debut des massacres dans la prefecture de Historically, this prefecture had a large Tutsi Butare. Historiquement, cette prefecture population living in harmony with the Hutu comptait une forte representation de la majority. Since the inception ofthe multiparty population Tutsi qui y cohabitaitpaisiblement system, the Parti Social Democrate (PSD) avec la majorite Hutu. Depuis le dominated the political scene in Butare and multipartisme, le Parti Social Democrate the Mouvement republicain national pour la (PSD) dominait la scene politique itButare, Ie democratie et Le developpement (MRND) Mouvement republicain national pour la played a lesser role in that area than elsewhere democratie et le developpement (MRND) y in the country. Hence, the Interahamwe jouant un role moins important parrapport au organizational structure was less elaborate and reste du pays. Ainsi, la structure its membership was smaller. Furthermore, the organisationnelle des Interahamwe y etait Prefet ofButare, Jean Baptiste Habyalimana moins elaboree et ses adherents moins (PSD), the only Prefet ofTutsi descent in the nombreux. En outre, Ie Prefet de Butare, Jean country, had openly opposed the massacres in Baptiste Habyalimana, (PSD), seul prefet his prefecture, where he had succeeded in d'origine Tutsi dans le pays, s'etait maintaining calm, with a few exceptions, ouvertement oppose aux massacres dans sa

28 731/ notably Nyakizu commune. Thus, thousands prefecture et avait reussi a y maintenir le ofpeople, the majority ofwhom were Tutsi, calme, a quelques exceptions pres, parmi came from otherprefectures to seek refuge in lesquelles, la commune de Nyakizu. Aussi, Butare in the days which immediately des milliers de personnes, en majorite Tutsi, followed the start ofthe massacres. venues d'autres prefectures, avaient cherche refuge aButare des les premiers jours qui ont suivi le debut des massacres.

6.20 The country's civil and military 6.20 Les dirigeants civils et militaires du leaders became aware of the exceptional pays ont pris conscience de la situation situation in Butare. Thus, the Interim particuliere qui regnait a Butare. Ainsi le Government, of which Pauline Gouvernement Interimaire, dont Pauline Nyaramasuhuko was a member, removed Nyaramasuhuko etait membre, a revoque le Prefet Habyalimana from office, and incited Prefet Habyalimana et a incite les populations the people to get involved in the massacres. as'impliquer dans les massacres. Par la suite, PrefetHabyalimanawas subsequentlyarrested le Prefet Habyalimana a ete arrete et n'a and was never seen again. Moreover, elements jamais ete revu depuis. En outre, des elements of the Army and Interahamwe militiamen de l'armee et des miliciens Interahamwe ont were sent to Butare as reinforcements to start ete envoyes en renfort pour commencer les the massacres. massacres.

6.21 On 19 April 1994, the swearing-in 6.21 Le 19 avril 1994, la ceremonie ceremony in Butare for the new Prefet, d'investiture du nouveau Prefet, Sylvain Sylvain Nsabimana, was the occasion of a Nsabimana, aButare, a donne lieu aun grand large gathering, which had been announced rassemblement annonce et organise par le and organized by the Interim Government. On Gouvernement Interimaire. Acette occasion, that occasion, President Theodore le President Theodore Sindikubwabo a Sindikubwabo made an inflammatory speech, prononce un discours incendiaire, appelant openly and explicitly calling on the people of ouvertement et explicitement la population de Butare to follow the example of the other Butare a suivre l'exemple des autres prefectures and begin the massacres. He prefectures et acommencer les massacres. na violently denounced the "banyira ntibindeba", violemment denonce les " Banyira meaning those who did not feel concerned. Ntibindeba ", autrement dit ceux qui ne se He asked them to "get out ofthe way" and "let sentent pas concernes, II leur a demande us work,. Prime Minister Jean Kambanda, "qu'ils cedent la place" et "qu'ils nous who subsequently took the floor, did not laissent travailler". Le Premier Ministre Jean contradict the President ofthe Republic. Kambanda a ensuite pris la parole et n'a pas contredit le President de la Republique.

6.22 Because they were present at the 6.22 Par leur presence lors de cette ceremony and did not dissociate themselves ceremonie et en ne se dissociant pas des from the statements made by the President of propos tenus par le President de la the Republic, the members of the Republique, les membres du Gouvernement, Government, including Jean Kambanda and dont Jean Kambanda et Pauline Pauline Nyiramasuhuko, prominent Nyiramasuhuko, des personnalites politiques politicians such as Edouard Karemera, and telles que Edouard Karemera et plusieurs several bourgmestres, including Joseph bourgmestres dont Joseph Kanyabashi, ont Kanyabashi, gave a clear signal to the people clairement indique a la population que les that the massacres were ordered and condoned massacres etaient ordonnes et cautionnes par by the Government. Further, Joseph le Gouvernement. D'ailleurs, Joseph

29 Kanyabashi, as the dean ofthe bourgmestres Kanyabashi, en sa qualite de doyen des ofButare, in the presence ofthe new Prefet, bourgmestres de Butare et en presence du Sylvain Nsabimana, made a speech in support nouveau Prefet Sylvain Nsabimana, a ofthe President ofthe Republic, assuring him prononce un discours pour soutenir le that his instructions would be heeded. Shortly President de la Republique et I'assurer que ses thereafter, the massacres of Tutsis began in instructions seraient suivies. Peu apres, les the prefecture. massacres de Tutsi ont commence dans la prefecture.

6.23 The next day, two military planes 6.23 Le lendemain, deux avions militaires landed in Butare with numerous Presidential ont atterri a Butare, avec a leur bord des Guard and Para-Commando Battalion soldiers dizaines de militaires de la Garde on board. These soldiers, in tandem with the Presidentielle et du Bataillon Para­ Interahamwe of Butare, took part in Commando. Ces militaires ont participe aux murdering and massacring civilians, notably cotes des Interahamwe de Butare, aux the former Queen of Rwanda, Rosalie meurtres et aux massacres de civils, parmi Gicanda, a historical symbol for all Tutsi. lesquels, l'ancienne Reine du Rwanda, Rosalie Gicanda, symbole historique pour tous les Tutsi.

6.24 In the days which followed the 6.24 Dans les jours qui ont suivi le unleashing of the massacres, Interahamwe declenchement des massacres, des from outside the prefecture, notably from Interahamwe de I'exterieur de la prefecture, Kigali and Gitarama, came in to reinforce notamment de Kigali et de Gitarama sont their fellow militiamen in Butare in venus preter main forte aux miliciens de perpetrating the massacres. This included a Butare pour I' execution des massacres. Ce fut detachment of Interahamwe which was le cas entre autres, d'un detachement accompanying their Chairman, Robert Kajuga. d'Interahamwe accompagnant leur president, Robert Kajuga.

6.25 On 20 April 1994, Pauline 6.25 Le 20 avril 1994, Pauline Nyiramasuhuko asked the new Prefet, Nyiramasuhuko a demande au nouveau Sylvain Nsabimana, for military assistance to prefet, Sylvain Nsabimana, de lui foumir une proceed with the massacres in her home assistance militaire pour proceder aux commune, Ngoma. Sylvain Nsabimana agreed massacres dans sa commune d' origine, to her request and ordered the commander of Ngoma. Sylvain Nsabimana a accede a sa the Ngoma military camp to provide her the demande et a ordonne au commandant du necessary reinforcements, identities ofwhom camp militaire de Ngoma de lui foumir les are unknown. renforts necessaires, dont les identites ne sont pas connues.

6.26 Following 20 April and the start ofthe 6.26 Apres le 20 avril et le debut des massacres, civil servants and political massacres, les fonctionnaires et les appointees who did not approve or participate responsables politiques qui n'approuvaient with enough zeal in the killings of Tutsis, pas les tueries de Tutsi ou qui n'y were dismissed by the authorities. Joseph participaient pas avec suffisamment de zele Kanyabashi and Sylvain Nsabimana were ont ete limoges par les autorites. Joseph responsible for such dismissals. Kanyabashi et Sylvain Nsabimana etaient responsables de tels limogeages.

30 6.27 Between April and July 1994, a 6.27 Entre avril et juillet 1994, un barrage roadblock was set up near the residence of routier a ete erige it proximite du domicile du Minister Pauline Nyiramasuhuko and Ministre Pauline Nyiramasuhuko et Arsene Shalom Ntahobali in Butare town. d'Arsene Shalom Ntahobali dans la ville de Pauline Nyiramasuhuko and Arsene Butare. Ce barrage etait tenu par Pauline Shalom Ntahobali manned this roadblock. Nyiramasuhuko et Arsene Shalom During this entire period, Pauline Ntahobali. Durant toute cette periode, Nyiramasuhuko and Arsene Shalom Pauline Nyiramasuhuko et Arsene Shalom Ntahobali made use of the roadblock, with Ntahobali ont use de ce barrage, avec l'aide the assistance ofsoldiers, identities ofwhom de militaires, dont les identites ne sont pas are unknown and other unknown persons, to connues, et d'autres personnes inconnues, identify, abduct and kill members ofthe Tutsi pour identifier, enlever et tuer des membres de population. la population Tutsi.

6.28 From 20 April the massacres became 6.28 Apartir du 20 avril, les massacres se widespread within the prefecture. As in all the sont prop ages dans la prefecture. Comme dans regions ofthe country throughout this period, toutes les regions du pays pendant cette Tutsis were killed where they had sought periode, les Tutsi ont ete tues hi oil ils avaient refuge thinking that the authorities would cherche refuge en esperant qu'ils seraient protect them. proteges par les autorites

Prefecture Offices Bureau Prefectoral

6.29 As early as 7 April 1994, numerous 6.29 Des le 7 avril 1994, plusieurs membres members of the Tutsi population sought de la population Tutsi ont cherche refuge dans refuge at the Butare town prefecture offices. I'enceinte du bureau de la Prefecture dans la As from 19 April 1994, Interahamwe ville de Butare. A partir du 19 avril 1994, militiamen and soldiers took advantage ofthis profitant de cette situation, des miliciens and repeatedly went to the prefecture offices Interahamwe et des militaires se sont rendus a to attack the refugees. The attacks took place plusieurs reprises acet endroit pour attaquer while Prefet Sylvain Nsabimana was present les refugies, Ces attaques se sont deroulees and going about his daily business at the alors que le prefet SylvainNsabimana etait sur prefecture offices. Some of the refugees les lieux et vaquait a ses occupations au asked Prefet Sylvain Nsabimana to protect bureau de la prefecture. Certains refugies ont them from the violent acts of the militiamen demande au Prefet, SylvainNsabimana, de les and soldiers. Sylvain Nsabimana did nothing proteger contre les exactions des miliciens et to put a definitive end to the attacks. Refugees des militaires. Sylvain Nsabimanan'arien fait were often forcibly abducted, assaulted and pour mettre un terme definitif aux attaques. sometimes killed outright. Souvent des refugies ont ete enleves, agresses et parfois tues sur place.

6.30 Between 19 April and late June 1994, 6.30 Entre le 19 avril et la fin juin 1994, Pauline Nyiramasuhuko and Arsene Pauline Nyiramasuhuko et Arsene Shalom Shalom Ntahobali, accompanied by Ntahobali, accompagnes de miliciens Interahamwe militiamen such as one Interahamwe, tel qu'entre autres un JUMAPILI and another NSENGIYUMVA JUMAPILI et NSENGIYUMVA, et de among others and soldiers, identities ofwhom militaires, dont les identites ne sont pas are unknown on several occasions went to the connues, se sont rendus aplusieurs reprises au prefecture offices to abduct Tutsi refugees. bureau de la prefecture, pour y enlever des Those who attempted to resist were assaulted Tutsi. Ceux qui ont tente de resister ont ete

31 and sometimes killed outright. The survivors agresses et parfois tues sur le champ. Quant were taken to various locations in the aux autres, ils ont ete emmenes dans divers prefecture to be executed, notably in the endroits de la prefecture notamment dans la woods next to the Ecole Evangeliste du foret avoisinante de l'Ecole Evangeliste du Rwanda (E.E.R.) [Evangelical School of Rwanda (E.E.R), pour y etre executes. Rwanda].

6.31 When abducting their victims, Pauline 6.31 Au moment de leur enlevement, les Nyiramasuhuko and Arsene Shalom victimes ont souvent ete contraintes par Ntahobali often forced them to undress Pauline Nyiramasuhuko et Arsene Shalom completely before forcing them into vehicles Ntahobali de se devetir completement avant and taking them to their deaths. d' etre forcees de monter dans des vehicules et d'etre menees aleur mort.

6.32 The prefecture office was also the site 6.32 Le bureau prefectoral etait aussi le lieu ofnumerous meetings between the authorities oil se tenaient des reunions entre certains des of the prefecture. One such meeting was principaux responsables de la prefecture et called by Pauline Nyiramasuhuko in April leurs subordonnes. Une de ces reunions a ete 1994 and attended by Sylvain Nsabimana. At convoquee par Pauline Nyiramasuhuko en that meeting, the progress of the massacres avril 1994 alaquelle Sylvain Nsabimana a was discussed, as well as the means by which assiste. Au cours de cette reunion il a ete to complete them. discute de l'evolution des massacres et des moyens aprendre pour les parachever.

6.33 Around 10 June, President Theodore 6.33 Vers le 10 juin, le President Theodore Sindikubwabo, accompanied by Minister Sindikubwabo, accompagne du Ministre Pauline Nyiramasuhuko and the Prefet of Pauline Nyaramasuhuko et du Prefet de Butare, Sylvain Nsabimana, went to the Butare, Sylvain Nsabimana s'est rendu au Butare prefecture offices, where numerous bureau de la prefecture de Butare oil avaient Tutsis had sought refuge. Minister Pauline trouve refuge de nombreux Tutsi. Le Ministre Nyiramasuhuko asked the Prefet what those Pauline Nyiramasuhuko a demande au people were doing at the prefecture offices, Prefet ce que faisaient ces personnes au and why they had not yet been killed. bureau de la prefecture et pourquoi elles n'avaient pas encore ete tuees,

Butare University Hospital Hopital Univers itaire de Butare

6.34 In April and May 1994, Arsene 6.34 En avril et en mai 1994, Arsene Shalome Ntahobali, Joseph Kanyabashi, and Shalom Ntahobali, Joseph Kanyabashi, et Andre Rwamakuba, accompanied by soldiers Andre Rwamakuba accompagnes de soldats or militiamen, identities of whom are ou de miliciens, dont les identites ne sont pas unknown acting under their orders, went to connues, qui agissaient sous leurs ordres, sont the Butare University Hospital in Ngoma, to alles a I'hopital universitaire de Butare a select, kidnap and kill Tutsi who had sought Ngoma pour selectionner, enlever et tuer les refuge or treatment there. Tutsi qui y avaient trouve refuge ou y recevaient des soins.

6.35 From April to July 1994, Arsene 6.35 D'avril ajuillet 1994, Arsene Shalom Shalom Ntahobali also travelled throughout Ntahobali a sillonne la prefecture de Butare a

32 Butare prefecture in the search for the Tutsi. la recherche de Tutsi. Une fois ces victimes When the victims were located, Arsene reperees, Arsene Shalom Ntahobali les a Shalom Ntahobali abducted them and took enlevees et les a emmenees dans differents them to various locations, where they were endroits ou elles ont ete executees. executed.

6.36 In mid-June 1994 Arsene Shalome 6.36 A la mi-Juin 1994, Arsene Shalome Ntahobali and Alphonse Nteziryayo together Ntahobali et Alphonse Nteziryayo ont tente, attempted to prevent the evacuation ofrom ensemble, d'empecher I'evacuation, it partir Butare of about 300 orphans and their adult de Butare, d'environ 300 orphelins et des supervisors. Overcoming the opposition of adultes qui les accompagnaient. Passant outre Red Cross International personnel and local l'opposition des employes de la Croix Rouge authiorities they selected about 40 adults International et des autorites locales, ils ont whom they beleived to be tutsi and forced selectionne environ 40 adultes qu'ils croyaient them to remain in Rwanda. Tutsi et les ont forcer a demeure au Rwanda.

6.37 Furthermore, aside from his attackson 6.37 Par ailleurs, outre les sevicesinfligesit members ofthe Tutsi population during this des membres de la population Tutsi durant period, Arsene Shalom Ntahobali, assisted cette periode, Arsene Shalom Ntahobali, by unknown "accomplices", participated in assiste de complices inconnus, a participe it the kidnapping and raping ofTutsi women. l'enlevement et au viol de femmes Tutsi.

6.38 Between April and July 1994,Pauline 6.38 Entre avril et juillet 1994, Pauline Nyiramasuhuko not only incited on, but also Nyiramasuhuko en plus d'inciter, a aide et aided and abetted the population such as one encourage la population, tel qu'entre autresun JUMAPILI and another NSENGIYUMVA JUMAPILI, un NSENGIYUMVA, et un and another MASHIMANGU son of MASHIMANGU, le fils de MWARABU, it MWARABU among others to slaughter the proceder aux massacres dans la prefecture de Tutsi in Butare prefecture. Butare.

6.39 The entire prefecture of Butare was 6.39 L' ensemble de la Prefecture de Butare the scene ofmassacres ofthe Tutsi population fut le theatre de massacres de la population involving Elie Ndayambaje, Andre Tutsi, auxquels ont participe Elie Rwamakuba, Sylvain Nsabimana, Alphonse Ndayambaje, Andre Rwamakuba, Sylvain Nteziryayo, Joseph Kanyabashi and Ladislas Nsabimana, Alphonse Nteziryayo, Joseph Ntaganzwa, as well as Pauline Kanyabashi et Ladislas Ntaganzwa, it Nyiramasuhuko and Shalom Arsene l' exemple de Pauline Nyiramasuhuko et de Ntahobali. Shalom Arsene Ntahobali.

Muganza Commune and Kabuye Hill Commune de Muganza et la colline de Kabuye

6.40 Kabuye hill is located in President 6.40 La colline de Kabuye est situee it Sindikubwabo's home commune of Ndora, Ndora, commune d'origine du President very near Muganza commune, of which Elie Sindikubwabo, tout pres de la commune de Ndayambaje, an influential MRND party Muganza, dont Elie Ndayambaje, du parti member, was Bourgmestre from 1983 to MRND, a ete bourgmestre de 1983 it 1992. 1992. From 19 April to 20 June 1994, Elie Du 19 avril au 20 juin 1994, Elie Ndayambaje Ndayambajebecame the defacto Bourgmestre a assume de fait les fonctions de bourgmestre in order to see through the massacres in the pour mener it bien les massacres dans la

33 region. region.

6.41 Between 22 and 24 April 1994, Elie 6.41 Entre le 22 et le 24 avril 1994, Elie Ndayambaje, accompanied by communal Ndayambaje, accompagne de policiers policemen, gendarmes, soldiers and civilians communaux, de gendarmes, de militaires et de armed with traditional tools and weapons, civils munis d'armes et d'outils traditionnels, attacked the Tutsi refugees who had gathered ont attaque les refugies Tutsi qui avaient ete at Kabuye on his order. Numerous Tutsis regroupes a Kabuye sur son ordre. De were killed or wounded. During the night, nombreux Tutsi ont ete tues ou blesses. armed civilians surrounded the survivors and Pendant la nuit, des civils annes ont encercle prevented them from escaping. les survivants et les ont empeches de s'echapper.

6.42 In May 1994, Prime Minister Jean 6.42. En mai 1994, le PremierMinistre Jean Kambanda, accompanied by Minister Pauline Kambanda, accompagne du Ministre Pauline Nyiramasuhuko, visited Ndora commune. Nyaramasuhuko, a visite la commune de Among others, they met the Bourgmestre who Ndora. Ils y ont rencontre, entre autres, le had imprisoned people who had perpetrated bourgmestre qui avait emprisonne au cachot killings in the commune's jail. After communal des individus qui s' etaient livres a consulting Pauline Nyiramasuhuko, Jean des tueries. Apres consultation avec Pauline Kambanda had the prisoners released. A few Nyaramasuhuko, JeanKambanda a fait liberer days later, the Bourgmestre of Ndora was ces prisonniers. Quelques jours apres Ie removed from office. bourgmestre de Ndora a ete demi de ses fonctions.

6.43 In June 1994, while the massacres 6.43 Enjuin 1994, Jean Kambanda a visite were continuing in the region, Jean Kambanda la commune de Muganza ou il a rencontre, visited Muganza commune and met with Elie entre autres, Elie Ndayambje, alors que les Ndayambaje, among others. By his presence massacres continuaient dans la region. Par sa and by not denouncing the massacres he presence et en ne denoncant pas les massacres observed, Jean Kambanda confirmed in the qu'il avait constates, Jean Kambanda a eyes of the people that the killings were confirme a la population que ces tueries condoned by the Government. Furthermore, etaient cautionnees par le Gouvemement. De on 20 June 1994, the Interim Government led plus, le 20 juin 1994, le Gouvemement by Jean Kambanda appointed Elie Interimaire de Jean Kambanda a nomme Elie Ndayambaje Bourgmestre ofMuganzadespite Ndayambaje Bourgmestre de Muganza, his crimes. malgre ses crimes.

Nyakizu commune Commune de Nyakizu

6.44 In the week following the death of 6.44 Dans la semaine qui a suivi la mort du President Habyarimana, Ladislas Ntaganzwa, President Habyarimana, Ladislas Ntaganzwa, Bourgmestre of Nyakizu commune and Bourgmestre et president du parti MRND de chairman ofthe MRND for Nyakizu, made a la commune de Nyakizu a fait un discours speech calling on the civilians to eliminate all appelant les civils aeliminer tous les Tutsi du the Tutsi in the secteur. secteur.

6.45 On 15 April, after having distributed 6.45 Le 15 avril apres avoir distribue des weapons, Ladislas Ntaganzwa ordered, armes, Ladislas Ntaganzwa a ordonne, supervised and participated in an attack on supervise et participe aune attaque perpetree

34 Tutsi refugees at Cyahindaparish, perpatreted par des civils, des policiers communaux et des by civilians, communal police and gendarmes, contre des Tutsi refugies dans la gendarmes. On 18 April, after a visit from paroisse de Cyahinda. Le 18 avril, apres une President Theodore Sindikubwabo, who visite du president Theodore Sindikubwabo au incited the inhabitants to exterminate the cours de laquelle il a incite les habitants a refugees at Cyahinda parish, Ladislas exterminer les personnes refugiees dans la Ntaganzwa ordered and led the massacre of paroisse de Cyahinda, Ladislas Ntaganzwa a those who had survived the first attack. ordonne et dirige le massacre de ceux qui avaient survecu ala premiere attaque.

Ngoma commune Commune de Ngoma

6.46 During the month of April 1994, 6.46 Au cours du mois d' avril 1994, des thousands of Tutsi refugees gathered in milliers de refugies Tutsi se sont rassembles a various locations in Ngomacommune, such as differents endroits de la commune de Ngoma, Kabakobwa cellule, Matyazo clinic and dont la cellule de Kabakobwa, le dispensaire Ngoma Church, often on the recommendation de Matyazo et I' eglise de Ngoma, souvent sur of Joseph Kanyabashi, the long serving recommandation du bourgmestre Joseph Bourgemestre, who had promised to protect Kanyabashi (en poste depuis longtemps) qui them. Then, Joseph Kanyabashi ordered and leur avait promis de les proteger. Par la suite, supervised the massacres ofthese refugees by Joseph Kanyabashi a ordonne et supervise les communal civil servants, soldiers and massacres de ces refugies perpetres par des militiamen. fonctionnaires communaux, des soldats et des miliciens.

6.47 Between April and July 1994, to make 6.47 Entre avril et juillet 1994, aux fins de sure that the massacres were carried out in an s'assurer que les massacres etaient executes efficient and unflagging manner, Pauline de maniere efficace et continue, Pauline Nyaramasuhuko, Joseph Kanyabashi, Nyiramasuhuko, Joseph Kanyabashi, Alphonse Nteziryayo, Elie Ndayambaje et Alphonse Nteziryayo, Elie Ndayambaje et Sylvain Nsabimana, individually or in the Sylvain Nsabimana ont, individuellement ou presence ofone another, not only incited, but en presence les uns des autres, non seulement also aided and abetted the population to incite, mais aussi aide et encourage la slaughter the Tutsi in Butare prefecture. population a massacrer les Tutsi dans la prefecture de Butare.

6.48 In May and June 1994, Colonel 6.48 En mai et juin 1994, le Colonel Alphonse Nteziryayo, who was staying at the Alphonse Nteziryayo qui logeait au meme same hotel as Robert Kajuga in Butare, hotel que Robert Kajuga aButare, a ordonne ordered the Interahamwe to search for the aux Interahamwe de rechercher les Tutsi et de Tutsis and kill them. les tuer. Responsibility Responsabilite

6.49 From April to July 1994, several 6.49 D'avril a juillet 1994, plusieurs hundred thousand people were massacred centaines de milliers de personnes ont ete throughout Rwanda. The majority of the massacrees sur tout le territoire du Rwanda. victims were killed solely because they were La plupart des victimes ont ete tuees pour la Tutsi or appeared to be Tutsi. The other seule raison qu'elles etaient des Tutsi ou victims, nearly all Hutu, were killed because ressemblaient ades Tutsi. Les autres victimes,

35 theywere considered Tutsi accomplices, were surtout des Hutu, ont etetuees parce qu'elles linked to them through marriage or were etaient qualifiees de complice des Tutsi, liees opposed to the extremist Hutu ideology. aces demiers par mariage ou opposees a I'ideologie Hutu extremiste.

6.50 From 7 April 1994 around the country, 6.50 Des le 7 avril 1994, partout au most ofthe massacres were perpetrated with Rwanda, la plupart des massacres ont ete the participation, aid and instigation of commis avec la participation, I'aide et military personnel, gendarmes and Hutu I'encouragement des militaires, des militiamen. Certain units of the Para­ gendarmes et des miliciens. Certaines unites Commando, Reconnaissance and Presidential des Bataillon Para-Commando, de Guard battalions were the most implicated in Reconnaissance et de la Garde Presidentielle these crimes in the capital and in other ont ete les plus impliquees dans la prefectures, often acting in concert with the commission de ces crimes dans la capitale et militiamen. dans d'autres prefectures du pays, agissant souvent de concert avec les miliciens.

6.51 Further, from April to July 1994, in 6.51 En outre, d'avril ajuillet 1994, durant the course of the massacres, some soldiers la commission des massacres, des militaires gave assistance to militiamen, notably by ont aide des miliciens, notamment en leur providing them logistical support, i.e. foumissant la logistique, a savoir des armes, weapons, transport and fuel. du transport et du carburant.

6.52 The massacres and the assaults thus 6.52 Les massacres et les agressions ainsi perpetrated were the result of a strategy perpetres furent le resultat d'une strategic adopted and elaborated by political, civil and adoptee, elaboree et mise en executionpardes military authorities in the country, at the autorites politiques, civiles et militaires du national as well as the local level, such as pays, tant au niveau national que local, dont Pauline Nyiramasuhuko, Shalom Arsene Pauline Nyiramasuhuko, Shalom Arsene Ntahobali, Joseph Kanyabashi, Elie Ntahobali, Joseph Kanyabashi, Elie Ndayambaje, Andre Rwamakuba, Sylvain Ndayambaje, Andre Rwamakuba, Sylvain Nsabimana, Alphonse Nteziryayo and Nsabimana, Alphonse Nteziryayo, et Ladislas Ladislas Ntaganzwa, who conspired to Ntaganzwa qui se sont entendues pour exterminate the Tutsi population. exterminer la population Tutsi.

6.53 During the events referred to in this 6.53 Lors des evenements auxquels se indictment, , sexual assaults and other refere le present acte d'accusation, des viols, crimes of a sexual nature were widely and des agressions sexuelles et d'autres crimes notoriously committed throughout Rwanda. de nature sexuelle ont ete commis, d'une These crimes were perpetrated by, among facon generalisee et notoire sur tout le others, soldiers, militiamen and gendarmes territoire du Rwanda. Ces crimes ont ete against the Tutsi population, in particular perpetres, entre autres, par des militaires, des Tutsi women and girls. miliciens et des gendarmes contre la population Tutsi, en particulier des femmes et des jeunes filles Tutsi.

6.54 Military officers, members of the 6.54 Des officiers militaires, des membres Interim Government and local authorities such du Gouvemement Interimaire et des autorites as Pauline Nyiramasuhuko, Shalom Arsene locales dont, Pauline Nyiramasuhuko, Ntahobali, Joseph Kanyabashi, Andre Shalom Arsene Ntahobali, Joseph

36 Rwamakuba, Sylvain Nsabimana, Alphonse Kanyabashi, Andre Rwamakuba, Sylvain Nteziryayo, Ladislas Ntaganzwa and Elie Nsabimana, Alphonse Nteziryayo, Ladislas Ndayambaje aided and abetted their Ntaganzwa et Elie Ndayambaje ont aide et subordinates and others in carrying out the encourage leurs subordonnes et des tiers a massacres of the Tutsi population and its commettre les massacres de la population accomplices. Without the complicity of the Tutsi et de ses "complices". Sans la local and national civil and military complicite des autorites locales et nationales, authorities, the principal massacres would not civiles et militaires, les principaux massacres have occurred. n'auraient pas eu lieu.

6.55 Knowing that massacres ofthe civilian 6.55 Sachant que des massacres etaient population were being committed, political commis contre la population civile, des and military authorities, including Pauline autorites politiques et militaires dont Pauline Nyiramasuhuko, Shalome Arsene Nyiramasuhuko, Shalome Arsene Ntahobali, took no measures to stop them. Ntahobali n'ont pris aucune disposition pour On the contrary, they refused to intervene to les arreter. Au contraire ils ont refuse control and appeal to the population as long as d'intervenir pour controler et faire appel ala a cease-fire had not been declared. This population tant qu'un accord de cessez-le-feu categorical refusal was communicated to the ne serait pas ordonne. Ce refus categorique a Special Rapporteur via the Chief of Staff of ete transmis au Rapporteur special par Rwandan Army, Major-General Augustin I'intermediaire du Chef de l'Etat-Major de Bizimungu. I'Armee Rwandaise, le Major-General Augustin Bizimungu.

6.56 Pauline Nyiramasuhuko, Shalom 6.56 Pauline Nyiramasuhuko, Shalom Arsene Ntahobali, in their positions of Arsene Ntahobali dans leur position authority, acting in concert with, notably d'autorite, en agissant de concert avec Andre Rwamakuba, Sylvain Nsabimana, notamment Andre Rwamakuba, Sylvain Alphonse Nteziryayo, Joseph Kanyabashi Nsabimana, Alphonse Nteziryayo, Joseph Ladislas Ntaganzwa and Elie Ndayambaje, Kanyabashi, Ladislas Ntaganzwa et Elie participated in the planning, preparation or Ndayambaje, a participe ala planification, la execution of a common scheme, strategy or preparation ou l'execution d'un plan, d'une plan, to commit the atrocities set forth above. strategic ou d'un dessein commun, afin de The crimes were committed by them perpetrer les atrocites enoncees ci-dessus. Ces personally, by persons they assisted or by their crimes ont ete perpetres par eux-memes ou subordinates, and with their knowledge or par des personnes qu'ils ont aidees ou par consent. leurs subordonnes, alors qu'ils en avaient connaissance ou y consentaient.

37 7382.

7. CHARGES 7. LES CHEFS D'ACCUSATION

COUNT 1: PREMIER CHEF D'ACCUSATION

Pauline Nyiramasuhuko: Pauline Nyiramasuhuko:

-pursuant to Article 6(1), according to -conformement a I'article 6(1), selon les paragraphs: 5.1, 5.10, 6.13, 6.14, 6.20, paragraphes: 5.1, 5.10, 6.13, 6.14, 6.20, 6.22,6.25,6.32, 6.33, 6.52 and 6.56, 6.22, 6.25, 6.32, 6.33, 6.52 et 6.56, -pursuant to Article 6(3), according to -conformement a I'article 6(3), selon les paragraphs: 6.20, 6.51, 6.55 and 6.56, paragraphes: 6.20, 6.51, 6.55 et 6.56,

Shalom Ntahobali: Shalom Ntahobali:

-pursuant to Article 6(1), according to -conformement a I'article 6(1), selon les paragraphs: 5.1, 6.51, 6.52 and 6.56, paragraphes: 5.1,6.51,6.52, et 6.56, -pursuant to Article 6(3), according to -conformement a l'article 6(3), selon les paragraphs: 6.51, 6.55 and 6.56, paragraphes: 6.51, 6.55 and 6.56, conspired with Andre Rwamakuba, Sylvain se sont entendus avec Andre Rwamakuba, Nsabimana, Alphonse Nteziryayo, Joseph Sylvain Nsabimana, Alphonse Nteziryayo, Kanyabashi, Elie Ndayambaje, Ladislas Joseph Kanyabashi, Elie Ndayambaje, Ntaganzwa and others to kill and cause Ladislas Ntaganzwa et d'autres pour tuer et serious bodily or mental harm to members of porter des atteintes graves a l'integrite the Tutsi population with the intentto destroy, physique et mentale de membres de la in whole or in part, a racial or ethnic group, population tutsi dans I'intentionde detruire en and thereby committed CONSPIRACY TO tout ou en partie ce groupe ethnique ou racial, COMMIT GENCODE, a crime stipulatedin et ont, de ce fait commis le crime Article 2(3)(b) ofthe Statute ofthe Tribunal, D'ENTENTE EN VUE DE COMMETTRE for which they are individually responsible LES GENOCIDE tel que prevu a l'article pursuant to Article 6 and which is punishable 2(3)(b) du Statut du Tribunal pour lequel its in reference to Articles 22 and 23 of the sont individuellement responsables en vertu Statute. de l'article 6(1) et punissables en vertu des articles 22 et 23 du Statut.

COUNT 2: DEUXIEME CHEF D'ACCUSATION

Pauline Nyiramasuhuko: Pauline Nyiramasuhuko:

-pursuant to Article 6(1), according to -conformement a I'article 6(1), selon les paragraphs: 5.1, 5.8, 5.10,6.13,6.14,6.20, paragraphes: 5.1, 5.8, 5.10, 6.13, 6.14, 6.22, 6.25, 6.27, 6.30, 6.31, 6.32, 6.33, 6.38, 6.20, 6.22, 6.25, 6.27, 6.30, 6.31, 6.32, 6.39, 6.47, 6.49, 6.52, 6.53, 6.54 and 6.56, 6.33, 6.38, 6.39, 6.47, 6.49, 6.52, 6.53, -pursuant to Article 6(3), according to 6.54 et 6.56, paragraphs: 6.20,6.27,6.30,6.31,6.33,6.38, -conformement a l'article 6(3), selon les 6.39, 6.47, 6.49, 6.50, 6.51, 6.53, 6.54, 6.55 paragraphes: 6.20, 6.27, 6.30, 6.31, 6.33, and 6.56, 6.38, 6.39, 6.47, 6.49, 6.50, 6.51, 6.53,

38 6.54, 6.55 et 6.56,

Shalom Ntahobali: Shalom Ntahobali:

-pursuant to Article 6(1), according to -conformement a I'article 6(1), selon les paragraphs: 5.1, 6.27, 6.30, 6.31, 6.34, paragraphes: 5.1, 6.27, 6.30, 6.31, 6.34, 6.35, 6.36, 6.39, 6.49, 6.50, 6.51, 6.52, 6.35, 6.36, 6.39, 6.49, 6.50, 6.51, 6.52, 6.53, 6.54 and 6.56, 6.53, 6.54 et 6.56, -pursuant to Article 6(3), according to -conformement a l'article 6(3), selon les paragraphs: 6.27, 6.30, 6.31, 6.34, 6.35, paragraphes: 6.27, 6.30, 6.31, 6.34, 6.35, 6.39,6.49, 6.50, 6.51, 6.53, 6.54, 6.55 and 6.39, 6.49, 6.50, 6.51, 6.53, 6.54, 6.55 et 6.56, 6.56, are responsible for killing and causing sont responsables de meurtres et d' atteintes serious bodily or mental harm to members of graves a l'integrite phusique et mentale de the Tutsi population with the intent to membres de la population tutsi dans destroy, in whole or in part, a racial or l'intention de detruire en tout ou en partie ce ethnic group, and thereby committed groupe ethnique ou racial et ont, de ce fait, GENOCIDE, a crime stipulated in Article commis le crime de GENOCIDE tel que 2(3)(a) of the Statute of the Tribunal, for prevu al'article 2(3)(a) du Statut du Tribunal which they are individually responsible pour lequel ils sont individuellement pursuant to Article 6 and which is punishable responsables en vertu de I'article 6 du Statut in reference to Articles 22 and 23 of the et punissables en vertu des articles 22 et 23 Statute. du Statuto

OR, ALTERNATIVELY: OU, ALTERNATIVEMENT:

COUNT 3: TROISIEME CHEF D'ACCUSATION

Pauline Nyiramasuhuko: Pauline Nyiramasuhuko:

-pursuant to Article 6(1), according to -conformement a I'article 6(1), selon les paragraphs: 5.1, 5.8, 5.10, 6.13, 6.14, 6.20, paragraphes: 5.1, 5.8, 5.10, 6.13, 6.14, 6.22, 6.25, 6.27, 6.30, 6.31, 6.32, 6.33, 6.38, 6.20, 6.22, 6.25, 6.27, 6.30, 6.31, 6.32, 6.39, 6.47, 6.49, 6.52, 6.53, 6.54 and 6.56, 6.33, 6.38, 6.39, 6.47, 6.49, 6.52, 6.53, 6.54 et 6.56,

-pursuant to Article 6(3), according to -conformement a l'article 6(3), selon les paragraphs: 6.20,6.27,6.30,6.31,6.38,6.39, paragraphes: 6.20, 6.27, 6.30, 6.31, 6.38, 6.47, 6.49, 6.50, 6.51, 6.53, 6.54, 6.55 and 6.39, 6.47, 6.49, 6.50, 6.51, 6.53, 6.54, 6.56, 6.55 et 6.56,

Shalom Ntahobali: Shalom Ntahobali:

-pursuant to Article 6(1), according to -conformement a I'article 6(1), selon les paragraphs: 5.1, 6.27, 6.30, 6.31, 6.34, paragraphes: 5.1, 6.27, 6.30, 6.31, 6.34, 6.35, 6.36, 6.39, 6.49, 6.50, 6.51, 6.52, 6.35, 6.36, 6.39, 6.49, 6.50, 6.51, 6.52, 6.53, 6.54 and 6.56, 6.53, 6.54 et 6.56,

39 -pursuant to Article 6(3), according to -conformement a l'article 6(3), selon les paragraphs: 6.27, 6.30, 6.31, 6.34, 6.35, paragraphes: 6.27, 6.30, 6.31, 6.34, 6.35, 6.39,6.49,6.50, 6.51, 6.53, 6.54, 6.55 and 6.39, 6.49, 6.50, 6.51, 6.53, 6.54, 6.55 et 6.56, 6.56, are responsible for killing and causing sont responsables de meurtres et d'atteintes serious bodily or mental harm to members of graves a I'integrite phusique et mentale de the Tutsi population with the intent to membres de la population tutsi dans destroy, in whole or in part, a racial or l'intention de detruire en tout ou en partie ce ethnic group, and thereby committed groupe ethnique ou racial et ont, de ce fait, COMPLICITY IN GENOCIDE, a crime commis le crime de COMPLICITE DANS stipulated in Article 2(3)(e) of the Statute of LE GENOCIDE tel que prevu a l'article the Tribunal, for which they are individually 2(3)(e) du Statut du Tribunal pour lequel ils responsible pursuant to Article 6 and which sont individuellement responsables en vertu is punishable in reference to Articles 22 and de I'article 6 du Statut et punissables en vertu 23 of the Statute. des articles 22 et 23 du Statuto

COUNT 4: QUATRIEME CHEF D'ACCUSATION

Pauline Nyiramasuhuko: Pauline Nyiramasuhuko:

-pursuant to Article 6(1), according to -conformement a I'article 6(1), selon les paragraphs: 5.1, 5.8, 5.10, 6.14, 6.20, 6.22, paragraphes: 5.1, 5.8, 5.10, 6.14, 6.20, 6.33, 6.38 and 6.47, 6.22, 6.33,6.38 et 6.47, is responsible for direct and public incitement est responsable d'incitation directe et publique to kill and cause serious bodily or mental acommettreIe meurtre et des atteintes graves harm to members ofthe Tutsi population with aI'integrite physique et mentale de membres the intent to destroy, in whole or in part, a de la population tutsi dans I'intention de racial or ethnic group, and thereby committed detruire en tout ou en partie ce groupe DIRECT AND PUBLIC INCITEMENT ethnique ou racial et ont, de ce fait, commis le TO COMMIT GENOCIDE, a crime crime D'INCITATION DIRECTE ET stipulated in Article 2(3)(c) of the Statute of PUBLIQUE A. COMMETTRE LE the Tribunal, for which he is individually GENOCIDE tel que prevu al'article 2(3)(c) responsible pursuant to Article 6 ofthe Statute du Statut du Tribunal pour lequel il est and which is punishable in reference to individuellement responsable en vertu de Articles 22 and 23 of the Statute. l' article 6 du Statut et punissable en vertu des articles 22 et 23 du Statuto

COUNTS: CINQUIEME CHEF D'ACCUSATION

Pauline Nyiramasuhuko: Pauline Nyiramasuhuko:

-pursuant to Article 6(1), according to -conformement a I'article 6(1), selon les paragraphs: 5.1, 5.8, 5.10, 6.13, 6.14, 6.20, paragraphes: 5.1, 5.8, 5.10, 6.13, 6.14, 6.22, 6.25, 6.27, 6.30, 6.31, 6.32, 6.33, 6.38, 6.20, 6.22, 6.25, 6.27, 6.30, 6.31, 6.32, 6.39, 6.47, 6.49, 6.52, 6.53, 6.54 and 6.56, 6.33, 6.38, 6.39, 6.47, 6.49, 6.52, 6.53,

40 -pursuant to Article 6(3), according to 6.54 et 6.56, paragraphs: 6.20, 6.27, 6.30, 6.31, 6.38, 6.39, -conformement a l'article 6(3), selon les 6.47, 6.49, 6.50, 6.51, 6.53, 6.54, 6.55 and paragraphes: 6.20, 6.27, 6.30, 6.31, 6.38, 6.56, 6.39, 6.47, 6.49, 6.50, 6.51, 6.53, 6.54, 6.55 et 6.56,

Shalom Ntahobali: Shalom Ntahobali:

-pursuant to Article 6(1), according to -conformement a l'article 6(1), selon les paragraphs: 5.1, 6.27, 6.30, 6.31, 6.34, paragraphes: 5.1, 6.27, 6.30, 6.31, 6.34, 6.35, 6.36, 6.39, 6.49, 6.50, 6.51, 6.52, 6.35, 6.36, 6.39, 6.49, 6.50, 6.51, 6.52, 6.53, 6.54 and 6.56, 6.53, 6.54 et 6.56, -pursuant to Article 6(3), according to -conformement a l'article 6(3), selon les paragraphs: 6.27, 6.30, 6.31, 6.34, 6.35, paragraphes: 6.27, 6.30, 6.31, 6.34, 6.35, 6.39, 6.49, 6.50, 6.51, 6.53, 6.54, 6.55 and 6.39, 6.49, 6.50, 6.51, 6.53, 6.54, 6.55 et 6.56, 6.56, are responsible for the murder of persons as sont responsables d'assassinats de personnes part of a widespread and systematic attack dans le cadre d'une attaque systematique et against a civilian population on political, generalisee contre une population civile, en ethnic or racial grounds, and thereby raison de son appartenance politique, ethnique committed a CRIME AGAINST ou raciale, et ont, de ce fait commis un HUMANITY, a crime stipulated in Article CRIME CONTRE L'HUMANITE, tel que 3(a) of the Statute of Tribunal, for which prevu it l'article 3(a) du Statut du Tribunal they are individually responsible pursuant to pour lequel ils sont individuellement Article 6 of the Statute and which is responsables en vertu de I'article 6 du Statut punishable in reference to Articles 22 and 23 et punissables en vertu des articles 22 et 23 of the Statute. du Statuto

COUNT 6: SIXIEME CHEF D'ACCUSATION

Pauline Nyiramasuhuko: Pauline Nyiramasuhuko:

-pursuant to Article 6(1), according to -conformement a I'article 6(1), selon les paragraphs: 5.1, 5.8, 5.10, 6.13, 6.14, 6.20, paragraphes: 5.1, 5.8, 5.10, 6.13, 6.14, 6.22, 6.25, 6.27, 6.30, 6.31, 6.32, 6.33, 6.38, 6.20, 6.22, 6.25, 6.27, 6.30, 6.31, 6.32, 6.39, 6.47, 6.49, 6.52, 6.53, 6.54 and 6.56, 6.33, 6.38, 6.39, 6.47, 6.49, 6.52, 6.53, -pursuant to Article 6(3), according to 6.54 et 6.56, paragraphs: 6.20, 6.27, 6.30, 6.31, 6.38, -conformement a I'article 6(3), selon les 6.39,6.47,6.49, 6.50, 6.51, 6.53, 6.54, 6.55 paragraphes: 6.20, 6.27, 6.30, 6.31, 6.38, and 6.56, 6.39, 6.47, 6.49, 6.50, 6.51, 6.53, 6.54, 6.55 et 6.56,

Shalom Ntahobali: Shalom Ntahobali:

-pursuant to Article 6(1), according to -conformement a I'article 6(1), selon les paragraphs: 5.1, 6.27, 6.30, 6.31, 6.34, paragraphes: 5.1, 6.27, 6.30, 6.31, 6.34, 6.35, 6.36, 6.39, 6.49, 6.50, 6.51, 6.52, 6.35, 6.36, 6.39, 6.49, 6.50, 6.51, 6.52,

41 7~7K

6.53, 6.54 and 6.56, 6.53, 6.54 et 6.56, -pursuant to Article 6(3), according to -conformement a l'article 6(3), selon les paragraphs: 6.27, 6.30, 6.31, 6.34, 6.35, paragraphes: 6.27, 6.30, 6.31, 6.34, 6.35, 6.39, 6.49, 6.50, 6.51, 6.53, 6.54, 6.55 and 6.39, 6.49, 6.50, 6.51, 6.53, 6.54, 6.55 et 6.56, 6.56, are responsible for the extermination of sont responsables d'extermination de persons as part of a widespread and personnes dans le cadre d'une attaque systematic attack against a civilian population systematique et generalisee contre une on political, ethnic or racial grounds, and population civile, en raison de son thereby committed a CRIME AGAINST appartenance politique, ethnique ou raciale, et HUMANITY, a crime stipulated in Article ont, de ce fait commis un CRIME CONTRE 3(b) of the Statute of Tribunal, for which L'HUMANITE, tel que prevu aI'article 3(b) they are individually responsible pursuant to du Statut du Tribunal pour lequel ils sont Article 6 of the Statute and which is individuellement responsables en vertu de punishable in reference to Articles 22 and 23 I'article 6 du Statut et punissables en vertu of the Statute. des articles 22 et 23 du Statut.

COUNT 7: SEPTIEME CHEF D'ACCUSATION

Pauline Nyiramasuhuko: Pauline Nyiramasuhuko:

-pursuant to Article 6(3), according to -conformement a l'article 6(3), selon les paragraphs: 6.37, 6.53, and 6.56, paragraphes: 6.37, 6.53, et 6.56,

Shalom Ntahobali: Shalom Ntahobali:

-pursuant to Article 6(1), according to -conformement a I'article 6(1), selon les paragraphs: 6.37, 6.53, and 6.56, paragraphes: 6.37, 6.53 et 6.56, -pursuant to Article 6(3), according to -conformement a l'article 6(3), selon les paragraphs: 6.37, 6.53, and 6.56, paragraphes: 6.37, 6.53 et 6.56, are responsible for as part of a sont responsables de viols dans le cadre widespread and systematic attack against a d'une attaque systematique et generalisee civilian population on political, ethnic or contre une population civile,en raison de son racial grounds, and thereby committed a appartenance politique, ethnique ou raciale, CRIME AGAINST HUMANITY, a crime et ont, de ce fait commis un CRIME stipulated in Article 3(g) of Statute of the CONTRE L'HUMANITE, tel que prevu a Tribunal, for which they are individually l'article 3(g) du Statut du Tribunal pour responsible pursuant to Article 6 of the lequel ils sont individuellement responsables Statute and which is punishable in reference en vertu de I'article 6 du Statut et punissables to Articles 22 and 23 of the Statute. en vertu des articles 22 et 23 du Statuto

COUNT 8: HUITIEME CHEF D'ACCUSATION

Pauline Nyiramasuhuko: Pauline Nyiramasuhuko:

-pursuant to Article 6(1), according to -conformement a I'article 6(1), selon les

42 7377 paragraphs: 5.1,5.8,5.10,6.13,6.14,6.20, paragraphes: 5.1 , 5.8, 5.10, 6.13, 6.14, 6.22, 6.25, 6.27, 6.30, 6.31, 6.32, 6.33, 6.38, 6.20, 6.22, 6.25, 6.27, 6.30, 6.31, 6.32, 6.39, 6.47, 6.49, 6.52, 6.53, 6.54 and 6.56, 6.33, 6.38, 6.39, 6.47, 6.49, 6.52, 6.53, -pursuant to Article 6(3), according to 6.54 et 6.56, paragraphs: 6.20, 6.27, 6.30, 6.31, 6.38, 6.39, -conformement it l'article 6(3), selon les 6. 47, 6.49, 6.50, 6.51, 6.53, 6.54, 6.55 and paragraphes: 6.20, 6.27, 6.30, 6.31, 6.38, 6.56, 6.39, 6. 47, 6.49, 6.50, 6.51, 6.53, 6.54, 6.55 et 6.56,

Shalom Ntahobali: Shalom Ntahobali:

-pursuant to Article 6(1), according to -conformement it I'article 6(1), selon les paragraphs: 5.1, 6.27, 6.30, 6.31, 6.34, paragraphes: 5.1, 6.27, 6.30, 6.31, 6.34, 6.35, 6.36, 6.39, 6.49, 6.50, 6.51, 6.52, 6.35, 6.36, 6.39, 6.49, 6.50, 6.51, 6.52, 6.53,6.54 and 6.56, 6.53, 6.54 et 6.56, -pursuant to Article 6(3), according to -conformement it l'article 6(3), selon les paragraphs: 6.27, 6.30, 6.31, 6.34, 6.35, paragraphes: 6.27, 6.30, 6.31, 6.34, 6.35, 6.39,6.49,6.50,6.51,6.53, 6.54, 6.55 and 6.39, 6.49, 6.50, 6.51, 6.53, 6.54, 6.55 et 6.56, 6.56, are responsible for persecution on political, sont responsables de persecution pour des racial or religious grounds, as part of a raisons politiques, raciales ou religieuses de widespread and systematic attack against a personnes dans le cadre d'une attaque civilian population on political, ethnic or systematique et generalisee contre une racial grounds, and thereby committed a population civile, en raison de son CRIME AGAINST HUMANITY, a crime appartenance politique, etyhnique ou raciale, stipulated in Article 3(h) of Statute of the et ont, de ce fait commis un CRIME Tribunal, for which they are individually CONTRE L'HUMANITE, tel que prevu it responsible pursuant to Article 6 of the I'article 3(h) du Statut du Tribunal pour Statute and which is punishable in reference lequel ils sont individuellement responsables to Articles 22 and 23 of the Statute. en vertu de I'article 6 du Statut et punissables en vertu des articles 22 et 23 du Statuto

COUNT 9: NEUVIEME CHEF D'ACCUSATION

Pauline Nyiramasuhuko: Pauline Nyiramasuhuko:

-pursuant to Article 6(1), according to -conformement it I'article 6(1), selon les paragraphs: 5.8, 6.14, 6.27, 6.30, 6.31, 6.32, paragraphes: 5.8, 6.14, 6.27, 6.30, 6.31, 6.52, 6.53 and 6.56, 6.32, 6.52, 6.53 et 6.56, -pursuant to Article 6(3), according to -conformement it l'article 6(3), selon les paragraphs: 6.27, 6.30, 6.31, 6.53 and 6.56, paragraphes: 6.27,6.30,6.31,6.53 et 6.56,

Shalom Ntahobali: Shalom Ntahobali:

-pursuant to Article 6(1), according to -conformement it I'article 6(1), selon les paragraphs: 6.27, 6.30, 6.31, 6.34, 6.35, paragraphes: 6.27, 6.30, 6.31, 6.34, 6.35, 6.36, 6.52, 6.53 and 6.56, 6.36, 6.52, 6.53 et 6.56,

43 737'

-pursuant to Article 6(3), according to -conformement a l'article 6(3), selon les paragraphs: 6.27, 6.30, 6.31, 6.34, 6.35, paragraphes: 6.27, 6.30, 6.31, 6.34, 6.35, 6.39, 6.51, 6.53 and 6.56, 6.39, 6.51, 6.53 et 6.56, are responsible for inhumane acts against sont responsables d' actes inhumains contre persons as part of a widespread and des personnes dans le cadre d'une attaque systematic attack against a civilian population systematique et generalisee contre une on political, ethnic or racial grounds, and population civile, en raison de son thereby committed a CRIME AGAINST appartenance politique, ethnique ou raciale, HUMANITY, a crime stipulated in Article et ont, de ce fait commis un crime contre 3(i) ofStatute ofthe Tribunal, for which they l'humanite, CRIME CONTRE are individually responsible pursuant to L'HUMANITE tel que prevu a l'article 3(i) Article 6 of the Statute and which is du Statut du Tribunal pour lequel ils sont punishable in reference to Articles 22 and 23 individuellement responsables en vertu de of the Statute. I'article 6 du Statut et punissables en vertu des articles 22 et 23 du Statuto

COUNT 10: DIXIEME CHEF D'ACCUSATION

Pauline Nyiramasuhuko: Pauline Nyiramasuhuko:

-pursuant to Article 6(1), according to -conformement a I'article 6(1), selon les paragraphs: 5.1, 5.8, 5.10, 6.13, 6.14, 6.20, paragraphes: 5.1, 5.8, 5.10, 6.13, 6.14, 6.22, 6.25, 6.27, 6.30, 6.31, 6.32, 6.33, 6.38, 6.20, 6.22, 6.25, 6.27, 6.30, 6.31, 6.32, 6.39, 6.47, 6.49, 6.52, 6.53, 6.54 and 6.56, 6.33, 6.38, 6.39, 6.47, 6.49, 6.52, 6.53, -pursuant to Article 6(3), according to 6.54 et 6.56, paragraphs: 6.20,6.27,6.30,6.31,6.38,6.39, -conformement a l'article 6(3), selon les 6.47, 6.49, 6.50, 6.51, 6.53, 6.54, 6.55 and paragraphes: 6.20, 6.27, 6.30, 6.31, 6.38, 6.56, 6.39, 6.47, 6.49, 6.50, 6.51, 6.53, 6.54, 6.55 et 6.56,

Shalom Ntahobali: Shalom Ntahobali:

-pursuant to Article 6(1), according to -conformement a I'article 6(1), selon les paragraphs: 5.1, 6.27, 6.30, 6.31, 6.34, paragraphes: 5.1, 6.27, 6.30, 6.31, 6.34, 6.35, 6.36, 6.39, 6.49, 6.50, 6.51, 6.52, 6.35, 6.36, 6.39, 6.49, 6.50, 6.51, 6.52, 6.53, 6.54 and 6.56, 6.53,6.54 et 6.56, -pursuant to Article 6(3), according to -conformement a l'article 6(3), selon les paragraphs: 6.27, 6.30, 6.31, 6.34, 6.35, paragraphes: 6.27, 6.30, 6.31, 6.34, 6.35, 6.39, 6.49, 6.50, 6.51, 6.53, 6.54, 6.55 and 6.39, 6.49, 6.50, 6.51, 6.53, 6.54, 6.55 et 6.56, 6.56, are responsible for killing and causing sont responsables de meurtre, d'atteintes ala violence to health and to the physical or sante et au bien etre physique et mental de mental well-being of civilians as part of an personnes civiles dans Ie cadre d'un conflit armed internal conflict, and thereby anne interne, et ont, de ce fait, commis Ie committed SERIOUS VIOLATION OF crime de VIOLATIONS GRAVES DE ARTICLE 3 COMMON TO THE L'ARTICLE 3 COMMUN AUX

44 7~7S

GENEVA CONVENTIONS AND CONVENTIONS DE GENEVE ET DU ADDITIONAL PROTOCOL II, a crime PROTOCOLE ADDITIONNEL II tel que stipulated in Article 4(a) of the Statute of the prevu a l'article 4(a) du Statut du Tribunal et Tribunal, for which they are individually pour lequel ils sont individuellement responsible pursuant to Article 6 of the responsables en vertu de I'article 6 du Statut Statute and which is punishable in reference et punissables en vertu des articles 22 et 23 to Articles 22 and 23 of the Statute. du Statuto

COUNT 11: ONZIEME CHEF D'ACCUSATION

Pauline Nyiramasuhuko: Pauline Nyiramasuhuko:

-pursuant to Article 6(1), according to -conformement a I'article 6(1), selon les paragraphs: 5.1, 6.31, 6.49, 6.52,6.53,6.54 paragraphes: 5.1, 6.31, 6.49, 6.52,6.53,6.54 and 6.56, et 6.56, -pursuant to Article 6(3), according to -conformement a l'article 6(3), selon les paragraphs: 5.1,6.31,6.37,6.49,6.50, paragraphes: 5.1, 6.31, 6.37, 6.49, 6.50, 6.51, 6.53, 6.54, 6.55 and 6.56, 6.51, 6.53, 6.54, 6.55 et 6.56,

Shalom Ntahobali: Shalom Ntahobali:

-pursuant to Article 6(1), according to -conformement a I'article 6(1), selon les paragraphs: 5.1, 6.31, 6.37, 6.49 6.50, paragraphes: 5.1, 6.31, 6.37, 6.49 6.50, 6.51, 6.52, 6.53, 6.54 and 6.56, 6.51, 6.52, 6.53, 6.54 et 6.56, -pursuant to Article 6(3), according to -conformement a l'article 6(3), selon les paragraphs: 5.1,6.31,6.37,6.49 ,6.50, paragraphes: 5.1, 6.31, 6.37, 6.49 , 6.50, 6.51,6.53,6.54, 6.55 and 6.56, 6.51, 6.53, 6.54, 6.55 et 6.56, are responsible for outrages upon personal sont responsables d'atteintes ala dignite de la dignity, in particular humiliating and personne, notamment de traitements degrading treatment, rape and indecent humiliants et degradants, de viols et assault, as part of an armed internal conflict, d' attentats a la pudeur dans le cadre d'un and thereby committed SERIOUS conflit anne interne, et ont, de ce fait, VIOLATIONS OF ARTICLE 3 commis le crime de VIOLATIONS COMMON TO THE GENEVA GRAVES DE L'ARTICLE DE CONVENTIONS AND OF ADDITIONAL L'ARTICLE 3 COMMUNE AUX PROTOCOL II, a crime stipulated in CONVENTIONS DE GENEVE ET DU Article 4(e) ofthe Statute ofthe Tribunal, for PROTOCOLE ADDITIONNEL II tel que which they are individually responsible prevu a I'article 4(e) du Statut du Tribunal et pursuant to Article 6 of the Statute and which pour lequeI ils sont individuellement is punishable in reference to Articles 22 and responsables en vertu de I'article 6 du Statut 23 of the Statute. et punissables en vertu des articles 22 et 23 du Statuto

45 01/03 '01 15:45 FAX +31705125325 PROSECUTION DIV ______0 - -_-_. _ I4J 003 '737'1

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TRANSMISSION SHEET FOR OFFICLt.,L F1L1NG OF DOCUMENTS \/VITH eMS (Art. 27 of the Directive for the Registry, Court :\lanagemem Se.,:ticn, international Criminal Tribunal for ~wanca)

Te 10 OIC, eMS o Trjal Chamber I ~ri21 Chamber /I 0 Trial Chamber III J.P. Fornete A. N'Gum A. Mindua R. Muziqo-Morrison

1

TRANSlJ.i.T10N STATUS ON DATE OF FILING OF ORIGINAL (completed by Chamber I Filing Party)

r. No action required by eMS regarding translations: Please take action with regard to translation: Io Filing Party/Chamber hereby submits BOTH the 0 Party/Chambers willNOT oversee translation. I original and the translation to eMS for filing Ignore the boxes b elow,

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1 -----,----.------The document is subrt'!ted to the f5fo\ving i ~ I '\( contact name) 'I accredited translatlon~f\/!ce.I• _I... • Trancrrtion iees• WI'11 ,. I The document is subrnitted for translation in: I be submitted to LDFMm.· I, 0 Arusha [] Kjg2li C} The Hague Name of se;~lce: _ I Address: I - I Email / tel/fax: I Tarqet L.anguage: 1,',--1 J ...... J Number of Pages _ j 0 Engiish r--l Translation received by eMS en: 0 French lJ Expected date of translation: Io Kinvarwanda ,----

FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY (pricntisalicn to ce ccmcletec by O,iS:n consultation witli Chambers / lCSS) f COMMENTS Top Priority i t.J Required Date: 10 i ' r- ,. I OUrgent ! 0 Hearing Date: o Normal r 0 Other deadlines:

CMS1 O~~{)3.ZOO.( 02/03 '01 10:46 FAX 1 212 9632851 5251 JUDICIAL ARCHIVE I4J 001

********************* *** TX REPORT *** *********************

TRANSMISSION OK

TX/RX NO 0886 CONNECTION TEL 98#90 3170 416 5325P SUBADDRESS CONNECTION ID PROSECUTOR ST. TIME 02/03 10:10 USAGE T 35'43 PGS. SENT 47 RESULT OK 7t1~

___------~-.!-.::L.:.;:~_..I.lIII!~~-I------

INTERNATIONAL CRIMINAL TRIBUNAL PENAL INTERNATIONAL TRIBUNAL FOR RWANDA POURLERWANDA

Case No. ICTR-97-21-1 N de dossier: ICTR-97-21-I ~ oc --, ' o . r ~ r-s: . ;- THE PROSECUTOR LE PROCUREUR DU TRIBUNAL~ ~ ~ § O ;:;::0-1-'m _• AGAINST CONTRE @~ :IJ .:;: )j: \" :rJ PAULINE NYlRAMASUBUKO PAULINENYIRAMASUHUKO ~ SHALOMNTAHOBALI til ,,", SHALOM NTAHOBALI fJJ :'

AMENDED ACTE D'ACCUSATION INDICTMENT AMENDE as per the decision of Trial Chamber II of Selon la decision de la Chambre de August 10th 1999 Premiere Instance II du 10 aoftt 1999

The Prosecutor ofthe International Criminal Le Procureur du Tribunal Penal International TribunalforRwanda,pursuantto the authority pourIeRwanda, en vertudespouvoirs quelui stipulated in Article 17 of the Statute ofthe confere I'article 17 du Statut du Tribunal International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda Penal Internationalpour le Rwanda ("IeStatut ('the Statute ofthe Tribunal') charges: du Tribunal") accuse:

PAULINE NYIRAMASUHUKO PAULINE NYIRAMASUHUKO SHALOM NTAHOBALI SHALOMNTAHOBALI

d'ENTENTE EN VUE DE COl\iMETTRE with CONSPIRACY TO COMMIT LE GENOCIDE, de GENOCIDE de GENOCIDE, GENOCIDE, COMPLICITY COMPLICITE DE GENOCIDE, TN £;]f,NOrml?, nT"R'F.rT ANn PTTHT.lt: rl'TNl:ITATION PITHT,IOIJFr RT 02/03 '01 11:07 FAX 1 212 9632851 5251 JUDICIAL ARCHIVE /4]001 • *****************~~******** *** ERROR Tx"REPORT *** ***************************

TX FUNCTION WAS NOT COMPLETED ' • TX/RX NO 0887 '. CONNECTION TEL 72*1998#915145269646 SUBADDRESS CONNECTION ID ; ST. TIME 02/03 11:06 USAGE T 00'00 PGS. SENT o RESULT NG #018 BUSY/NO SIGNAL ----_.-.- 7~ ~-----~~~~~~------...... • INTERNATIONAL CRIMINAL TRIBUNAL PENAL INTERNATIONAL TRIBUNAL FOR RWANDA POUR LE RWANDA

ICTR-97~21-1 N de dossier: ICTR-97..21-1 c...... Case No. c: .'.' o Q :~ ~ ~: ~c:: THE PROSECUTOR LE PROCUREUR DU TRIBUNAL8 mO • ;;::::::o~ .... _ iii ~~ :0 - AGAINST CONTRE 0.,.., II J.:>. U 3i (') PAULINE NYlRAMASUHUKO PAULINE NYIRAMASUHUKO :t: o; SHALOM NTAHOBALI SHALOM NTAHOBALI ~ ,..,~ -e:N

ACTE D'ACCUSATION AMENDED ,- INDICTMENT AMENDE as per the decision of Trial Chamber II of Selon la decision de la Chambre de August 10th 1999 Premiere Instance II dulO aont 1999

The Prosecutor ofthe International Criminal Le Procureur du Tribunal Penal International Tribunal forRwanda, pursuantto theauthority pour le Rwanda,envertu des pouvoirsquelui stipulated in Article 17 ofthe Statute ofthe confere I'article 17 du Statut du Tribunal International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda PenalInternationalpourle Rwanda ('ile Statut ('the Statute ofthe Tribunal') charges: du Tribunal") accuse:

PAULINE NYIRAMASU1IUKO PAULINE NYIRAMASUHUKO SHALOM NTAHOBALI SHALOM NTAHOBALI

d'ENTENTE EN VUE DE COMl\tETTRE with CONSPIRACY TO COMMIT LE GENOCIDE, de GENOCIDE de GENOCIDE, GENOCIDE, COMPLICITY COMPLICITE DE GENOCIDE, TN f;F,NOCTDE. DIRECT AND PUBLIC d'INCITATION PUBLIQUE ET ~. - ~ V-L.LV; J~ J:i'AX 1 212 9632851 5251 JUDICIAL ARCHIVE [gJ001 . . **********~********* *** TX RifORT *** *********************

TRANSMISSION OK

TX/RX NO 0899 CONNECTION TEL 1998# 91 514 5269646 SUBADDRESS CONNECTION ID BERGEVIN N ST. TIME 03/03 10:03 USAGE T 35'49 PGS. SENT 47 RESULT OK

_. ---~-- 7~ ----::_------~-c..=L~~_LII!~~'-:+------.--

INTERNATIONAL CRIMINAL TRIBUNAL PENAL INTERNATIONAL TRIBUNAL FORRWANDA POURLE RWANDA

-N de dossier: ICTR-97-21-1 c; CaseNo. ICTR-97-21-1 c: ,,' o 52 .~ ).... ' c::::

THE PROSECUTOR LE PROCUREURDU l'RlBUNAL~ ~ ~. ~ tn 0 r ;:::::o~'" _ CONTRE ~ :0 1)'-- AGAINST g; ;p.. :z.,j PAULINE NYIRAMASUHUKO PAULINE NYIRAMASUHUKO g q; SHALOM SHALOM NTAHOBALI m<,-', ,...-.N NTAHOBALI 0;-"' '"'"

AMENDED ACTE D'ACCUSATION INDICTMENT AMENDE as per the decision of Trial Chamber II of SelOD la decision de la Chambre de August 10th 1999 Premiere Instance n du 10 aoit 1999

The Prosecutor ofthe International Criminal Le Procnreur du TribunalPenalInternational Tribunal forRwanda, pursuant to theauthority pourle Rwanda, envertu despouvoirs que lui stipulated in Article 17 of the Statute of the confere l'article 17 du Statut du Tribunal International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda Penal International pourIe Rwanda ("Ie Statut ('the Statute ofthe Tribunal') charges: du Tribunal") accuse:

PAULINE NYIRAMASUHUKO PAULINE NYlRAMASUHUKO SfIALOM NTAHOBALI ·SHALOM NTAHOBALI

d'ENTENTEEN VUE DE COMMETTRE with CONSPIRACY TO COMMIT LE GENOCIDE, de GENOCIDE de GENOCIDE, GENOCIDE,COMPLICITY COMPLICITE DE GENOCIDE, ------_ ...... _"""'" -- ...... -...... • .....".,..,. ~'V ... ~...... "... 1'l'V....T-"4YrTI .. ,...,Y,,",,'U 'nTTnT Trl.TTTi' 1::'''''' International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda Tribunal Penal International pour Ie Rwanda Arusha International Conference Centre UNITED NATIONS P.O.Box 6016, Arusha, Tanzania - B.P. 6016, Arusha, Tanzanie NATIONS UNIES Tel: 25557504207-11 504367-72 or 1 2129632850 Fax: 25557504000/504373 or 1 2129632848/49

PROOF OF SERVICE - ARUSHA PREUVE DE NOTIFICATION AUX CHAMBRES DE PREMIERE INSTANCE - ARUSHA

Date: 2/3/2001 Case Name / affaire: The Prosecutor v. PAULINE NYIRAMASUHUKO AND ARSENE SHALOM NTAHOBALI Case No / no. de /'affaire: ICTR -97-21-1 To: TC1 received by / recu par: ALO received by / recu par. A: D Judge N. Pillay, President D D Judge Mese, Vice President D D Judge A. Gunawardana D D E. Nahamya, Co-ordinator

TC2 cVJuge L. Kama o Co/'Judge W. H. Sekule o [jIJudge M. GOney o ~C. Aptel, Co-ordinator

TC3 D Judge L.G. Williams D D Judge P. Dolenc o D Judge Y. Ostrovsky D D M. Niang, Co-ordinator ~;:~::~:~i~~:a~~~~~:~~r ~~N~~;C~~d/b~~

~Accused / Accuse: PAUL/~MAsUl-tDRO!4~o ARSENE SHALOM NTAHOBALlcompiete / remplir {/ CMS4 FORM" ~ead Counsel / Conseil Principai NICOLE BERGEVIN AND RENE SAINT LEGER []Ijn Arusha / a Arusha (signature) D by fax complete I remplir "CMS3bis FORM" urCo-Counsel/ Conseil Adjoint: GUY POUPART Din Arusha / a Arusha (signature) D by fax complete I remplir"CMS3bis FORM"

All Decisions: 0 Appeals Chamber Unit, The Hague D Suzanne Chenault, Jurist Linguist All Decisions & 1m ortant Public Documents: D r & Public Affairs 0 Le al Libra From: DJP. Fornete DA. N'gum 0 F. Talon D.uoq,.1fKIIM o K. Afande (TC3 ) De: cc: o A. Dieng 0 A. Miller, OLA, NY DP. Nyambe 0 K. Moghalu DWVSS-P 0 WVSS- D DLDFMS 0 GLSS Subject Objet: Kindly find attached the following documents I Veuillez trouver en annex les documents suivants:

Documents name I titre du document Date Filed Pages I Date enregistre INDICTMENT IN FRENCH AND ENGLISH VERSION 2/3/2001 46