Heinkel He 112 – Der Hoffnungsjäger
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FIGHTERS LUFTWAFFE R
0 TOBEK 5, IQ3Q jf0^ A Messerschmitt Bf 109 single-seater oi the earlier series, powered with a Junkers Jumo 210 inverted vee-twelve of 640 h.p. FIGHTERS of the Heinkels and Messerschmitts Described : Facts About the LUFTWAFFE Record-breakers design and were designated the Me (or Bf) 109 and the By H. F. KING Heinkel He 112. They gave an indication of their perform ance in a number of competitive events, the Messerschmitt being particularly successful. An Me 109 flown by Major IGHTER squadrons of the Luftwaffe were initially Seidemann won the Alpine Circuit race at an average speed equipped with Heinkel and Arado single-seater of 240.9 m.p.h. (this, of course, did not represent any F biplanes which, fitted with naturally aspirated thing like top speed) and another, flown by Karl Francke, B.M.W. VI engines, had an unspectacular perform climbed to 9,842ft. and dived back to 984ft. in 2 min. 6 sec. ance. For some time there was much conjecture as to After their debut the two fighters underwent a period of the machines which would be selected from a number of development and had their share of teething troubles with prototypes then on test to replace these obsolescent models. the result that the types which were eventually standardised It was at the Zurich International Meeting in July, 1937, for squadron use differed in a number of respects from the that the world was first introduced to the chosen successors, prototypes. The largest orders were placed for the which had not long since been wheeled from the rapidly Messerschmitt, fitted in the first place with a Junkers Jumo growing Messerschmitt and Heinkel factories. -
During World War Ii. New Insights from the Annual Audits of German Aircraft Producers
ECONOMIC GROWTH CENTER YALE UNIVERSITY P.O. Box 208629 New Haven, CT 06520-8269 http://www.econ.yale.edu/~egcenter/ CENTER DISCUSSION PAPER NO. 905 DEMYSTIFYING THE GERMAN “ARMAMENT MIRACLE” DURING WORLD WAR II. NEW INSIGHTS FROM THE ANNUAL AUDITS OF GERMAN AIRCRAFT PRODUCERS Lutz Budraß University of Bochum Jonas Scherner University of Mannheim Jochen Streb University of Hohenheim January 2005 Notes: Center Discussion Papers are preliminary materials circulated to stimulate discussions and critical comments. The first version of this paper was written while Streb was visiting the Economic Growth Center at Yale University in fall 2004. We are grateful to the Economic Growth Center for financial support. We thank Christoph Buchheim, Mark Spoerer, Timothy Guinnane, and the participants of the Yale economic history workshop for many helpful comments. Corresponding author: Prof. Dr. Jochen Streb, University of Hohenheim (570a), D- 70593 Stuttgart, Germany, E-Mail: [email protected]. This paper can be downloaded without charge from the Social Science Research Network electronic library at: http://ssrn.com/abstract=661102 An index to papers in the Economic Growth Center Discussion Paper Series is located at: http://www.econ.yale.edu/~egcenter/research.htm Demystifying the German “armament miracle” during World War II. New insights from the annual audits of German aircraft producers by Lutz Budraß, Jonas Scherner, and Jochen Streb Abstract Armament minister Albert Speer is usually credited with causing the boom in German armament production after 1941. This paper uses the annual audit reports of the Deutsche Revisions- und Treuhand AG for seven firms which together represented about 50 % of the German aircraft producers. -
Suomen Ilmailuhistoriallinen Lehti
Sivu 1 Suomen Ilmailuhistoriallinen Lehti Artikkeliluettelo n:ot 1/1994 - 3/2018 Koostanut ja sisältökuvaukset laatinut H Paronen Lehden Alkava Kirjoittaja Artikkelin otsikko Pääsisältö 3-taho- numero sivu nr. piirus- tuksia 1994 1 2 Manninen P BZ-35 Ilmavoimien polttoaineauto BZ-35 tankkausauto on 1994 1 3 Manninen P Pääkirjoitus 1994 1 4 Manninen P Hurricane, venäläiset hävittäjät Sotasaaliskoneet Suomessa 1 1994 1 8 Manninen P Hawker Hurricane Mk. IIA ja IIB Kolmitahopiirros on 1994 1 14 Valtonen H In Memoriam Erkki Jaakkola Henkilöhistoria 1994 1 14 Erkki Jaakkolan albumista Fokker-koneita sodan jälkeen 1994 1 16 Manninen P Talvinaamiovärin keitto-ohje Kolmitahopiirros ja maaliohje on 1994 2 2 Kuva-albumi: Neljä kuvaa sodan jälkeen Erkki Jaakkolan kokoelma / K-SIM 1994 2 3 Manninen P Pääkirjoitus 1994 2 4 Valtonen H JABO/JG5 ja 4.&1./SG5 Petsamon Hävittäjäpommittajalentueen toiminta hävittäjäpommittajalentue (FW 190 A-2 ja A-3) 14.(JABO)/JG5, sekä 4. ja 1./SG5 Petsamossa 31.1.43-30.6.44 1994 2 9 LeR 3:n laivuetunnukset Harakka- ja ilves-tunnusten kesällä 1944 historiaa 1994 2 10 Ritaranta E Suomalainen taitolento 75 vuotta Henkilöhistoria Gunnar Holmqvistin lentäjänura 1994 2 12 Aviatsija Dalnego Deistvija Neuvostoliiton kaukotoiminta- ilmavoimat 1994 2 15 Risut ja ruusut 1994 2 15 Picture History of World War II Kirja-arvostelu American Aircraft Production. Kirj. Joshua Stoff 1994 2 16 Manninen P Junkers Ju 88 A-4 Profiilipiirrokset on 1994 3 2 Ilmavoimat Suursaaren operaatiossa Kuvia s. 4/nr. 2/94 alkavaan artikkeliin 1994 3 3 Manninen P Pääkirjoitus 1994 3 4 Stenman K Suursaari, Suursaaren valtauksen ilmahistoria, Ilmasotatoimet 20.3.-28.3.1942 osallistuneet ohjaajat ja koneet. -
Messerschmitt Bf 109
Messerschmitt Bf 109 Bf 109 The most famous survivor, Messerschmitt Bf109G-2/Trop "Black 6", Wk Nr 10639; photo taken 1997 Duxford Air Show. Type Fighter Manufacturer Bayerische Flugzeugwerke Messerschmitt Designed by Willy Messerschmitt Maiden flight 28 May 1935 Introduced 1937 Retired 1945, Luftwaffe 1965, Spain Status Retired Primary users Luftwaffe Spanish Air Force Number built more than 33,000. Variants Avia S-199 Hispano Aviacion Ha 1112 1 German Airfield, France, 1941 propaganda photo of the Luftwaffe, Bf 109 fighters on the tarmac The Messerschmitt Bf 109 was a German World War II fighter aircraft designed by Willy Messerschmitt in the early 1930s. It was one of the first true modern fighters of the era, including such features as an all-metal monocoque construction, a closed canopy, and retractable landing gear. The Bf 109 was produced in greater quantities than any other fighter aircraft in history, with 30,573 units built alone during 1939-1945. Fighter production totalled 47% of all German aircraft production, and the Bf 109 accounted for 57% of all fighter types produced[1]. The Bf 109 was the standard fighter of the Luftwaffe for the duration of World War II, although it began to be partially replaced by the Focke-Wulf Fw 190 starting in 1941. The Bf 109 scored more aircraft kills in World War II than any other aircraft. At various times it served as an air superiority fighter, an escort fighter, an interceptor, a ground-attack aircraft and a reconnaissance aircraft. Although the Bf 109 had weaknesses, including a short range, and especially a sometimes difficult to handle narrow, outward-retracting undercarriage, it stayed competitive with Allied fighter aircraft until the end of the war. -
CANNON OR MACHINE GUN? the Second World War Aircraft Gun Controversy
CANNON OR MACHINE GUN? The Second World War Aircraft Gun Controversy © Anthony G Williams This article first appeared in Aeroplane Magazine in September 2004. It is based on material in Flying Guns – World War 2: Development of Aircraft Guns, Ammunition and Installations 1933-45 The Second World War stimulated an important advance in aircraft gun armament. The fighters of most combatant nations began the war with a few riflecalibre machine-guns (RCMGs) of 7.5-8 mm calibre, but, by the end of the conflict, cannon of 20 mm or greater calibre were standard. The one exception was the USA, which relied overwhelmingly on the 12.7 mm (0.50 inch) M2 Browning heavy machine-gun (HMG). Students of armament history continue to argue: why did this happen, and were the Americans right? EARLY FIGHTING In 1939 the RAF's new Spitfire and Hurricane fighters were remarkable for their heavy battery of eight wing-mounted 0.303 inch (7.7 mm) RCMGs; twice as powerful as that of any other major fighter. In contrast, Germany's Luftwaffe had been watching the French use of engine-mounted cannon. In 1932 this resulted in a requirement for a fighter with two RCMGs or a single 20 mm cannon. The weapon considered was the large, very powerful but slow-firing RheinmetallBorsig MG C/30L, firing through the propeller hub. An initial experiment with a prototype Heinkel He 112 in the Spanish Civil War showed that this installation was unsatisfactory for aerial combat, though effective in ground attack. Germany then went to the opposite extreme and selected the small, low- velocity Swiss Oerlikon FF 20 mm cannon for development. -
Inhalt Inhalt
Inhalt Inhalt Vorwort Seite 7 Dank Seite 8 Der Beitrag der Heinkel-Werke zum Raketenflug Seite 9 Die ersten Raketenflugversuche bei Heinkel Seite 9 Die Vorgeschichte Seite 9 Heinkel He 112 R und Vorversuche Seite 10 Die Heinkel He 176 Seite 26 Die Heinkel-Strahltriebwerke und -projekte Seite 43 Einleitung Seite 43 Die Arbeiten unter Hans von Ohains Leitung Seite 43 Die ersten Demonstrationsmodelle und Projekte Seite 43 Das erste flugfähige Strahltriebwerk F 3 (He S 3) Seite 52 Das Projekt F 4 Seite 56 Das Projekt F 5 Seite 57 Das Strahltriebwerk He S 6 Seite 57 Triebwerk He S 8 Seite 58 Das nicht gebaute Axialtriebwerk He S 9 Seite 68 Das erste Zweistrom-Luftstrahl-Triebwerk (ZTL) He S 10 Seite 70 He S 11, erstes Triebwerk der Leistungsklasse II Seite 71 He S 021, PTL-Triebwerksprojekt auf der Basis des He S 11 Seite 82 Weitere Entwicklungen und Projekte Seite 83 Die Arbeiten unter Leitung Max Adolf Müllers Seite 85 He S 30, das Axialtriebwerk der Müller-Gruppe Seite 85 Die Vorgeschichte bei Junkers in Magdeburg Seite 85 Entwicklung des He S 30 in Rostock und Stuttgart Seite 89 Das Verpuffungs-Strahltriebwerksprojekt He S 40 Seite 95 Das Motor-Luftstrahl-Triebwerk He S 50 Seite 95 Allgemeines über Motor-Luftstrahl-Triebwerke Seite 95 Die untersuchten Varianten des He S 50 Seite 96 He S 50 z Seite 96 HeS50d Seite 98 Das Kombinations-Strahltriebwerk He S 60 Seite 99 Personelle und räumliche Fragen der Strahltriebwerksentwicklung bei Heinkel Seite 101 Die Aufbauarbeit bis 1939 Seite 101 Verstärkung durch die Junkers-Gruppe aus Magdeburg -
A Performance Diagnosis of the 1939 Heinkel He S3B Turbojet
Proceedings of ASME Turbo Expo 2004 Power for Land, Sea, and Air June 14-17, 2004, Vienna, Austria GT2004-53014 A Performance Diagnosis of the 1939 Heinkel He S3B Turbojet. C Rodgers FASME [email protected] ABSTRACT. The historical development of the world’s first pure SFC Specific fuel Consumption jet propelled aircraft, the Heinkel He 178, and its T Temperature turbojet the He S3B has been extensively TIT Turbine Inlet Temperature documented, however only limited descriptions of U Tip Speed the engine and component aero-thermo-dynamic V0 Turbine Spouting Velocity = √√√2g Had performances have, as yet, been published in open Va Turbine exit axial velocity English literature. W Airflow, or relative velocity The basic He S3B engine flowpath configuration of a ∆∆∆ Difference radial compressor mounted back-to-back with a ηηη Efficiency radial inflow turbine, intrigued the author as one ωωω Angular Velocity excellent example of the pre WW11 radial turbomachinery ingenuity and expertise, to the Subscripts extent that it prompted this diagnosis. ad Adiabatic Recognizing that some of the historically quoted c Compressor HeS3B performance data may be dubious, attempts d Diffuser have been made to coalesce data from multiple crit Sonic conditions sources into a more consistent account by i Inlet conducting a detailed engine performance analysis. n Nozzle HeS3B engine performance characteristics are re- s Static created based upon predicted meanline component t Turbine, or total maps derived from engine drawings and supporting Note all angles relative to the axial plane data recently published by AIAA in his biography “Dr Hans von Ohain -Excellence in Flight”. -
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248 book reviews Niklas Frank, Dunkle Seele, feiges Maul: Wie absurd, komisch und skandalös sich die Deutschen beim Entnazifizieren reinwaschen (Bonn: Dietz, 2016). – 579 pages. – isbn 9783801204051. The author of this book is the son of Hitler’s governor of Poland and leading Nazi, Hans Frank, one of the main instigators of the Holocaust, personally responsible for Auschwitz—the camp and what went on there. Denouncing his father, Niklas Frank also wrote a bbc documentary ‘My Nazi Legacy’. In his latest book, Dunkle Seele, feiges Maul [The Dark Souls of German Nazis], Frank investigates what hap- pened to ex-Nazis in the immediate postwar years in Germany. While his father was hanged after the Nuremberg trials for war crimes, most other leaders of the National Socialist movement got off virtually scot free. Based on substantial archival studies, Niklas Frank takes the Spruchkammerverfahren or Denazification Hearings, set up precisely to make sure that did not happen, to task. Between 1946 and 1950 thousands of ex-Nazis appeared in front of such hearing. All but a few either served no time at all for their criminal acts or received short sentences. That the Nazis were not totally eradicated and punished beggars the imagination. These so-called Denazification Hearings were linked to the word Persilschein, a German idiom deriving from a brand of laundry detergent, Persil. To gain a Persilschein means to be clean, forever purged of schmutz. Thousands of ex-Nazis were eager to gain a certificate [Schein] that said ‘iv’ or ‘v’, not guilty or spar- kling clean. The five classification were: i major offenders (Hauptschuldige); ii offenders: Nazi activists, militants, or profiteers (Belastete); iii lesser offenders (Minderbelastete); iv followers (Mitläufer); and finally, v exonerated persons (Entlastete). -
Inhaltsverzeichnis
Inhaltsverzeichnis Zur Gecchichte das Flugzeugs 7 7 Transavia PI-12 „Airtruk'7PL-12 U „Flying CHINA Mango" 36/570 1. Die Nachahmung des Vogelflugs 77 Harbin C-11 57/572 „Jie-Fang" 57/572 2. Die Vorbilder Nanchang F-6bis 58/572 für den Flug des Menschen 12 BELGIEN „Peking-1" 58/572 3. Die ersten Motorflugzeugprojekte 12 Avions Fairey „Tipsy Nipper" 37/570 4. Die Verwirklichung des Gleitflugs- SABCAS-2 37/570 Voraussetzung für den Motorflug 14 Stampe et Renard SV-4 C 38/570 CSSR 6. Der erste Motorflug der Brüder Wright 75 Aero Ae-02 59/572 6. Die ersten Motorflüge in Europa AeroA-42 59/572 und die Entwicklung der Luftfahrttechnik BRASILIEN Aero 145 60/572 bis zum Jahre 1914 76 AviaBH-3 60/572 7. Der erste Weltkrieg EMBRAER EMB-110 „Bandeirante" 39/570 Avia B-534 67/572 und die Luftfahrttechnik 17 EMBRAER EMB-200/201 „Ipanema" 39/570 AviaB-135 67/572 ITA „Urupema" 40/570 HC-2 „Heli Baby'7HC-102 62/572 8. Der Aufschwung der Luftfahrttechnik Neiva 360 C „Regente"/„Regenta Elo'7 L-13„Blanik" 63/572 in den Jahren 1919 bis 1939 19 „Lanceiro" 40/570 L-60 „Brigadyr" 63/572 8.1. Bauweisen 19 Neiva Paulistinha 56-C/56-D 47/570 L-40 „Meta Sokol" 64/572 8.2. Triebwerke 20 Neiva N-621 „Universal"/T-25 47/570 L-200 „Morava" 64/572 8.3. Aerodynamik 21 L-29 „Delfin" 65/572 8.4. Geschwindigkeiten 22 L-39 „Albatros" 65/572 8.5. Das Verkehrsflugzeug 24 L-410 „Turbolet" 66/572 8.6. -
Life in Nazi Germany – Alarming Facts of the Past
Dear reader, This is a historical newspaper made by pupils of the 10 th grade. It´s in English because of the so called “bilingual lessons” which means that we have got some subjects in English. The following articles deal with the main topic “What was life in National Socialism like?” While reading you will see there are many articles on different topics made by different groups. In the index you may choose an article and turn to the page you like to. Please enjoy! Yours, 10bil (may 2008) Life in Nazi Germany – alarming facts of the past INDEX Women and Family in Nazi Germany Amelie 2 Laura 4 Young People in Germany at the time of National Socialism Linda & Marike 6 What happened to cultural life in National Socialism? Hannah & Leonie 9 Propaganda Sophie 13 Workers and work Basile 16 Economy in Nazi Germany Josephin 18 Terror in Nazi Germany Paul 20 Opposition / Resistance Greta & Stefanie Sa. 24 German Army Ian 27 Nationalsozialistische Deutsche Arbeiterpartei (NSDAP) (National Socialist German Workers’ Party) Marie 31 Fascism Stefanie St. 34 Sources 36 1 Women and Family in Nazi Germany Amelie In Nazi Germany women had to fulfil a specific role as mothers and wives. Instead of working they should stay at home, cook and take care of their children. Many high-skilled women like teachers, lawyers and doctors were dismissed. After 1939 only few women were left in professional jobs. A common rhyme for women was: "Take hold of kettle, broom and pan, Then you’ll surely get a man! Shop and office leave alone, Your true life work lies at home." To encourage married couples to get many children Hitler introduced the “Law for the Encouragement of Marriage”. -
The World's First True Rocket Aircraft
VDI DGLR Verein Deutscher Ingenieure Deutsche Gesellschaft Hamburger Bezirksverein e.V. ROYAL AERONAUTICAL SOCIETY für Luft- und Raumfahrt Arbeitskreis Luft- und Raumfahrt Lilienthal-Oberth e.V. HAMBURG BRANCH E.V. Invitation to an RAeS lecture in cooperation with the DGLR and VDI The world’s first true rocket aircraft - the Heinkel He 176 Douglas Downer-Smith Lecture followed by discussion Date: Thursday, 1st October, 18:00 Location: HAW Hamburg Entry free ! Berliner Tor 5 No registration ! (Neubau), Hörsaal 01.12 Praxis Seminar Luftfahrt Germany 1939 - the Heinkel He 176 flew and was the first aircraft specifically designed for liquid fuel rocket propulsion. This was a true milestone of flight and just a few weeks before another milestone, the first flight of a turbojet aircraft – the Heinkel He 178. Both of these flights were made by the same pilot. Despite sparse archival evidence, how this aircraft came into existence against the backdrop of the rise of rocketry in pre-war Germany is covered, especially as regards relationships between those involved – Ernst Heinkel, the Luftwaffe and the pilot, Eric Warsitz. The probable performance of the aircraft is explored using animation and aircraft design software. Pre- war film of aircraft rocket propulsion experiments will be shown for comparison. Douglas Downer-Smith is an electronics engineer with a life-long interest in aviation. This has resulted in a special study of the jet and rocket aircraft of World War II. Researching some of the lesser known aircraft of this period is challenging yet rewarding and he is in contact with leading researchers in Germany and the USA. -
0106Engines.Pdf
They approached the jet engine problem in different ways, but they both solved it. The Converging Paths of Whittle and von Ohain Pictured in 1987 is Frank Whittle and the Whittle W1X, the engine he designed. The engine is on display in the jet gallery at the National Air and Space Museum in Washington, D.C. 70 AIR FORCE Magazine / January 2006 They approached the jet engine problem in different ways, but they both solved it. o one who witnessed the first apprentice at the age of 16. His goal flight by a jet aircraft had any was to become a pilot. N idea of the revolution that the Hugh Trenchard, Marshal of the jet engine would bring. The secret flight Royal Air Force, made many important in Germany of the Heinkel He-178 contributions to the RAF, but none more on Aug. 27, 1939, led to revolutions so than his concept of apprentice train- in aviation, warfare, transportation, ing. Trenchard insisted that his enlisted politics, and the world economy. and noncommissioned personnel have The Converging Paths of A functioning jet engine was real- a sound education. Then he wanted ized at about the same time by two his average RAF airman to have three independent inventors, British Frank years’ training as an apprentice before Whittle and German Hans Pabst von entering service as a mechanic or other Ohain. They could not have differed skilled worker. more in personality. Trenchard believed that only educat- Whittle and von Ohain Whittle, an extremely proficient Royal ed and well-trained men could become Air Force pilot, was quick tempered professional airmen.