Chromosome 12 Breakpoints Are Cytogenetically Different in Benign and Malignant Lipogenic Tumors

Home , Chromosome 12, Myxoid liposarcoma

ICANCER RESEARCH 53, 1670-1675, April I, 1993] Chromosome 12 Breakpoints Are Cytogenetically Different in Benign and Malignant Lipogenic Tumors: Localization of Breakpoints in Lipoma to 12ql5 and in Myxoid Liposarcoma to 12Q13.31

Krzysztof MrÃ³zek,2 Constantino P. Karakousis, and Clara D. Bloomfield

C\tof>enetics Research Laboraron' Â¡K. M.]. Department of Medicine Â¡C. D. B.. K. M.}. and Department of Surgical Oncologv [C. P. K.J. Roswell Park Cancer Institute. Buffalo. New York 14263

ABSTRACT able to achieve high resolution banding patterns, indicating that the chromosome 12 breakpoints differed between benign and malignant Cytogenetic study of short-term cultures from 10 adipose tissue tumors lesions. (eight lipomas, one myxoid liposarcoma, and one mixed liposarcoma) have revealed clonal chromosome abnormalities in seven cases. In both malig nant tumors, translocation (12;16) was the sole aberration, and in the MATERIALS AND METHODS mixed liposarcoma, the breakpoints could be sublocalized to bands Ten tumors, eight benign and two malignant, were studied. Basic clinical 12ql3.3 and Idpi 1.2, thus confirming findings of Eneroth et al., Cancer Genet. Cytogenet., 48: 101-107, 1990. Three lipomas displayed predomi and pathological data are summarized in Table 1. nantly normal karyotypes; in a fourth case, the karyotype 44,XX,-6,der The tumors of patients 1 and 2 were diagnosed histopathologically as mixed (7)t(6;7)(p21.3-22;p22)ins(7)(p22qll.2q22),-13 was found. Four remain (myxoid with round cell areas) and myxoid liposarcomas. respectively, and cases 3-10 were lipomas. ing lipomas were characterized by structural rearrangements of chromo All lipomas were located subcutaneously. and all, with the exception of case some 12. We were able to achieve high resolution banding patterns in two 8, were solitary. tumors with translocations (3;12)(q28;ql5) and (I;2;12)(p36.;ql3;ql5). In Nine tumor samples were obtained immediately after surgery; the specimen both of these cases, the chromosome 12 breakpoint could be unequivocally from case 2 was delivered to the Cytogenetic laboratory after having been assigned to band ql5. Similarly, band 12ql5 was also rearranged in two stored in transporting medium (RPMI 1640 with antibiotics) in a refrigerator at other lipomas with translocations (12;14)(ql5;q32) and (12;20)(ql5;ql3. 4Â°Cfor 4 days (approximately 90 h). The specimens were processed for 1). Our results support the hypothesis that the chromosome 12 breakpoint in lipomas is located more distally than the breakpoint in myxoid liposar- Cytogenetic analysis as described by Limon et al. ( 10). In brief, the tissue was minced with scissors and disaggregated in collagenase (200 units/ml) overnight comas and some other soft-tissue malignant neoplasms and that it is and cultured in RPMI 1640 medium with 4-(2-hydroxyethyl)-l-pipera- cytogenetically identical with breakpoints detected in such benign tumors zineethanesulfonic acid buffer supplemented with 15% fetal bovine serum, as uterine leiomyoma and pleomorphic adenoma of the salivary gland. L-glutamine, and antibiotics. After 4-10 days, the cultures were exposed to colcemid. hypotonie solution, and three changes of fixative. The chromosomes INTRODUCTION were G-banded with trypsin and Wright's stain; in case IO, a method of simultaneous G- and C-banding was also applied ( 11). At least 15 cells were Cytogenetic studies of lipomas, benign tumors of adipose tissue, analyzed per case. Chromosome aberrations were described as recommended have shown that clonal chromosome aberrations are present in about by the International System for Human Cytogenetic Nomenclature ( 1991 ) ( 12). 50% of >250 cases analyzed to date. The most consistent finding has The translocation breakpoints were specified by careful comparison of the been recombination of the region 12ql3-15 with various chromo morphology of derivative chromosomes to the schematic chromosome repre somes, particularly often with chromosome 3 as t(3;12)(q27-28;ql3- sentations corresponding to 550 (cases 1, 5, and 9) and 400 bands (cases 2, 6, 14) (1-3). Nonrandom involvement of the long arm of chromosome 7. and 10), published in the International System for Human Cytogenetic 12. in the form of a translocation (12;16)(ql3;pl 1), is also character Nomenclature (1985) (13). istic for some types of malignant lipogenic neoplasms, namely, myx oid and mixed liposarcoma (4). However, since the original descrip RESULTS tion of 12ql3-14 rearrangements in lipoma (5, 6) and myxoid Detailed Cytogenetic data concerning the 10 tumors analyzed are liposarcoma (7, 8), the question of whether the exact breakpoints in presented in Table 1. Both in the mixed and myxoid liposarcoma benign and malignant tumors are the same or different remains un (cases 1 and 2), the t(12;16) was a sole abnormality; in case 1, it was answered. Whereas the chromosome 12 breakpoint in myxoid liposar possible to localize the breakpoints at the subband level to 12ql3.3 coma has been consistently mapped to 12ql3, in lipoma breakpoints have been described as 12ql3, 12ql4, or 12ql5 (l^t). Recently, and 16pll.2 (Fig. 1). Three lipomas (cases 3, 4, and 8) displayed predominantly normal Eneroth et al. (9) sublocalized the myxoid liposarcoma breakpoints to subbands 12ql3.3 and 16pll.2. To our knowledge, analogous sublo- karyotypes. However, in all three cases, nonclonal changes, mainly calization of breakpoints in lipomas with 12ql3-ql5 changes has not losses of various chromosomes, were present. In tumor 8, one metaphase with a sole structural aberration, t(l;l l)(p32;q24-25), was been accomplished to date. found. We present results of Cytogenetic studies performed on 10 adipose Clonal chromosome aberrations were detected in five lipomas. In tissue tumors. Rearrangements of chromosome 12 were detected in case 6, in addition to monosomy 13, a derivative chromosome 7 two liposarcomas and four lipomas; in three of these cases, we were originating from insertion of material from 7q to band 7p22 and subsequent translocation with chromosome 6 followed by loss of Received 11/17/92; accepted 1/27/93. The costs of publication of this article were defrayed in part by the payment of page der(6) was observed (Fig. 2). Alternatively, the sequence of events charges. This article must therefore be hereby marked advertisement in accordance with may have been reversed with the translocation (6;7)(p21.3-22;p22) 18 U.S.C. Section 1734 solely to indicate this fac!. occurring first, followed by an insertion of a segment 7ql 1.2-q22 into 1Financial support: Coleman Leukemia Research Fund and Grant CA-16056 from NIH. the vicinity of the translocation breakpoint. 2 Permanent address: Department of Biology and Genetics, Medical Academy. Gdansk, The remaining four benign tumors were characterized by reciprocal Poland. To whom requests for reprints should be addressed, at Cytogenetics Research Laboratory. Department of Medicine, Carlton House. Room A 420, Roswell Park Cancer translocations between chromosome 12 and various autosomes, Institute, Elm and Carlton Streets, Buffalo, NY 14263. namely, 3, 14, and 20 and chromosomes 1 and 2 in a complex trans- 1670

Table 1 Clinicopathological and cytogenetic data concerning 10 cases of adipose tissue tumors CaseNo.1T34567 of cells (yr)M/73M/43M/28F/37M/55F/48F/53 (cm)11x9x620 analyzed22152520241619

x15x77x6x312

x10x512x8x510

I5pter->cen->15qll.2::3q25.1->3qter).der(20)t(8;20)(8qter->8q21.3::20pl3-Â»cen-Â»20qter)[cp3]''37-14.XX,-6.der(7)t(6;7)(p21.3-22:p22lins(7)(p22qll.2q22).-13[cpl4]/46,XX[2|40-16.XX.t(12:14)(ql5;q32)[cpl9]15)t(3:15)(

backAbdomen x10x49x8x2

8910Sex/ageM/57F/32M/50Diagnosis"MxLSMLSLLLLLLLLLocationKneeThighNeckButtockHipUpperThighCalfShoulderSize15x9x43x2x17x4x3No.264041Karyotype46.XY.t(12;16)(ql3.3:pll.2)[21|''46,XY,t(12;16)(ql3;pll)[15]46.XY124]*46.XX[20]46.XY.t(3;12)(q28;ql5U(3;15)(q25.1:qll.2)[20]/34-46,XY,t(3;12)(q28:ql5),der(3)t(3;l5)ins|8it(3;]5>|(3pter->cen-Â»3ql3.2::l5q22-Â»15qter).del(8)(q24.1q24.3).der(8)t(8;20)ins[8;t(3;I5)](8pter->cen->8q21.3::3ql3.2->3q25.1::15qll.2->15q22::20pl3).der(46.XY[23]/92.XXYY[2r46.XX,t(l:2;12Kp36.1:ql3;ql5)[32]/46,idem,inv(8)(pll.2q21.2||cp2]/92.idemx212]/46,XX[4]43-46.X Y,t(12;20)(q15;q13.1)[cp3]/42-45.XY,idem,dic(6;l3)(q11;ql 2)[cp26]/46,XY[12] " MxLS, mixed liposarcoma;MLS, myxoid liposarcoma;L, lipoma. ''The presence of a single cell with abnormalities not described in the karyotype.

Fig. I. Partial karyotypes of three cells (A. B, B and C) from the mixed liposarcoma (case 1) with t(12;16)(ql3.3;pl 1.2) ileft) and corresponding dia grammatic representation (right). Arrows, break points.

M' V

12 16 12 16 location (l ;2; 12). The morphology of both derivative chromosomes of ing I2ql3-l5, supernumerary ring chromosomes, del(13)(ql2q22). the t(3;l2) found in case 5 (Fig. 3) clearly indicated that breakpoints aberrations involving Ilql3, and rearrangements of 6p21-23 (\-4). in this translocation were 3q28 and I2ql5. The dark segment present Sometimes overlapping of cytogenetic subtypes has been noted, with at the distal end of the long arm of the der( 12) was composed of two two or even more recurrent abnormalities occurring in the same tumor dark bands: an apparently intact 12ql4 and located distally to this (3). Our case 6 may serve as an example of such a situation, because band 3q28. In case 9 with the t(l:2:12) and case 10 with the t(12;20), both monosomy 13 and a nonreciprocal translocation involving breaks in chromosomes 1 and 20 occurred within lightly stained bands 6p21-22 were found in this tumor. Similarly, in a sideline of case 10. Ip36.1 and 20ql3.1, respectively, allowing for unambiguous assign in addition to t(12;20), loss of 13q material due to dic(6;13)(qll;ql2) ment of the chromosome 12 breakpoint to ql5 (Figs. 4 and 5). More was observed. It is of interest that rearrangements of a region 6p21-23 difficult was mapping of breakpoints in the translocation (12; 14) have also been described in uterine leiomyomas (14), in pleomorphic present in case 7 because of lower banding quality than in the other adenomas of the salivary gland (15), in endometrial polyps (16-18), tumors and some similarities of the banding patterns between the and in pulmonary chondroid hamartomas (19, 20), suggesting that this regions of chromosomes 12 and 14 involved in this rearrangement. region harbors a gene or genes of importance in the development of a Although all of the following pairs of breakpoints: 12ql3 and 14q24, wide spectrum of benign lesions. 12ql4 and 14q31. and 12ql5 and 14q32, would give rise to similar Four of five karyotypically abnormal lipomas in our series were derivative chromosomes, our interpretation favored breakpoints in characterized by translocations between chromosome 12 and other volving 12ql5 and 14q32 as those most closely reflecting the mor autosomes, confirming previous observations that abnormalities of phology of the derivative chromosomes (Fig. 6). 12q are the most frequently encountered cytogenetic changes in li poma. Several chromosomes have been described as 12q translocation DISCUSSION partners, but t(12;14) and t(12;20) observed in our cases 7 and 10, respectively, hitherto have not been reported. Thus, the addition of Cytogenetic analyses of lipoma have led to identification of at least these cases means that only chromosomes 13, 16. 18, 22, and Y have six karyotypically distinct subgroups, characterized by the presence of not yet been seen to be involved in translocations with chromosome a normal diploid chromosome complement, structural changes involv- 12 in lipoma (2, 3). 1671

ft. \Â»

B f

ÃŽ

Fig. 2. Partial karyotypes of three cells (A, B, and CI from the lipoma of case 6 demonstrating der(7)t(6;7)(p2l J-22;p22)ins(7)(p22ql 1.2q22) (leftl and corresponding schematic representation (right). Arrows, breakpoints.

12 15 12 15 Fig. 3. Partial karyotypes of three cells (A. B. and C) representative for the stemline in the lipoma of case 5 illustrating t(3;l2)(q28:ql5) and t(3:lS)(q2S.I:ql 1.2) tlefn and corresponding diagrammatic representation (right). Arrows, breakpoints. 1672

Lisi \'* -.n 8l l

1 2 12 1 2 Fig. 4. Partial karyotypes of three cells (A, B. and C) from the lipoma of case 9 showing complex t( I;2;l2)(p36.I;ql3;ql5) (lefi) and corresponding ideogram (righi). The segment of chromosome 1 distal to 1p36.1 has been translocated onto chromosome 2 at 2q 13. the segment of chromosome 2 distal to 2q 13 has been translocated onto chromosome 12 at 12q 15. and the segment of chromosome 12 distal to 12ql5 has been translocated onto chromosome 1 at Ip36.1. Arrows, breakpoints. Loss of chromosome 2 in the cell A is random.

The morphology of derivative chromosomes in all cases with 12q heterogeneity of breakpoints but rather interpretation differences be rearrangements studied by us clearly demonstrates that the chromo tween examiners. Although the possibility that in some lipomas struc some 12 breakpoint in lipoma is in 12ql5. The exact mapping of tural aberrations involve 12ql4 or 12ql3 cannot be ruled out (3, 21), breakpoints in reciprocal translocations can be cytogenetically diffi our results indicate that the proportion of lipomas with 12ql5 changes cult, especially when regions which share similar banding features, as is higher than was previously estimated. in t(3;12)(q27-28;ql3-15), are juxtaposed. Thus, inconsistencies in Structural aberrations of the long arm of chromosome 12 have also 12q breakpoint assignments in the literature may not reflect true been repeatedly found in such benign tumors as uterine leiomyoma

S 9 i

Fig. 5. Partial karyotypes of two cells M and B ) from the lipoma of case 10 showing t(12;20) (ql5;ql3.1 ) (left) and corresponding diagrammatic representation (righi). Arrow.1,,breakpoints.

B ÃŒ' ti

12 20 12 20 1673

A t t

Fig. 6. Partial karyolypes of two cells (A and B) from the lipoma of case 7 demonstrating t(12;14) (ql5;ql2) (left) and corresponding schematic rep B resentation (right). Armws. breakpoints. i|

12 14 12

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Downloaded from cancerres.aacrjournals.org on September 24, 2021. © 1993 American Association for Cancer Research. Chromosome 12 Breakpoints Are Cytogenetically Different in Benign and Malignant Lipogenic Tumors: Localization of Breakpoints in Lipoma to 12q15 and in Myxoid Liposarcoma to 12q13.3

Krzysztof Mrózek, Constantine P. Karakousis and Clara D. Bloomfield

Cancer Res 1993;53:1670-1675.

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