Environmental Protection Agency § 86.419–2006

§ 86.417–78 Approval of application for fuel or lubricant, and incorporation of certification. defeat devices in vehicles described by (a) After a review of the application the application. Where any part of an for certification and any other infor- application is rejected the Adminis- mation which the Administrator may trator shall notify the manufacturer in require, the Administrator may ap- writing and set forth the reasons for prove the application and select a test such rejection. The manufacturer may fleet as appropriate. request a hearing under § 86.443. (b) The Administrator may dis- approve in whole or in part an applica- § 86.418–78 Test fleet selection. tion for certification for reasons in- (a) Test fleet selection and require- cluding incompleteness, inaccuracy, in- ments on test vehicles are found in appropriate proposed distance accumu- §§ 86.419 to 86.423. This selection process lation procedures, maintenance, test is also graphically depicted in Figure equipment, label content or location, E78–1.

(b) [Reserved] (1) Class I—50 to 169 cc (3.1 to 10.4 cu. in.). § 86.419–78 Engine displacement, mo- (2) Class II—170 to 279 cc (10.4 to 17.1 torcycle classes. cu. in.). (a)(1) Engine displacement shall be (3) Class III—280 cc and over (17.1 cu. calculated using nominal engine values in. and over). and rounded to the nearest whole cubic (c) At the manufacturer’s option, a centimetre, in accordance with ASTM vehicle described in an application for E 29–67. certification may be placed in a higher (2) For rotary engines, displacement class (larger displacement). All proce- means the maximum volume of a com- dures for the higher class must then be bustion chamber between two rotor tip complied with, compliance with emis- seals minus the minimum volume of sion standards will be determined on that combustion chamber between the basis of engine displacement. those two rotor tip seals times three times the number of rotors. § 86.419–2006 Engine displacement, motorcycle classes. cc=(max. chamber volume ¥ min. (a)(1) Engine displacement shall be chamber volume) × 3 × no. of rotors calculated using nominal engine values (b) Motorcycles will be divided into and rounded to the nearest whole cubic classes based on engine displacement. centimeter, in accordance with ASTM

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E 29–93a (incorporated by reference in (6) The method of air aspiration. § 86.1). (7) The number of catalytic con- (2) For rotary engines, displacement verters, location, volume, and composi- means the maximum volume of a com- tion. bustion chamber between two rotor tip (8) The thermal reactor characteris- seals, minus the minimum volume of tics. the combustion chamber between those (9) The number of carburetors. two rotor tip seals, times three times (10) The prechamber characteristics. the number of rotors, according to the (c) At the manufacturer’s option, re- following formula: ciprocating engines identical in all the cc = (max. chamber volume ¥ min. respects listed in paragraph (b) of this chamber volume) × 3 × no. of rotors section may be further divided into dif- ferent engine families if the Adminis- (b) Motorcycles will be divided into trator determines that they may be ex- classes based on engine displacement. pected to have different emission char- (1) Class I—0 to 169 cc (0 to 10.4 cu. acteristics. This determination will be in.). based upon a consideration of features (i) Class I motorcycles with engine such as: displacement less than 50 cc comprise (1) The bore and stroke. the Class I-A subclass. (2) The combustion chamber configu- (ii) Class I motorcycles with engine ration. displacement 50 cc or higher comprise (3) The intake and exhaust timing the Class I-B subclass. method of actuation (poppet valve, (2) Class II—170 to 279 cc (10.4 to 17.1 reed valve, rotary valve, etc.). cu. in.). (4) The intake and exhaust valve or (3) Class III—280 cc and over (17.1 cu. port sizes, as applicable. in. and over). (5) The fuel system. (c) At the manufacturer’s option, a (6) The exhaust system. vehicle described in an application for (d) Rotary families. To be classed in certification may be placed in a higher the same engine family, rotary com- class (larger displacement). All proce- bustion cycle engines must be identical dures for the higher class must then be in all of the following applicable re- complied with and compliance with spects: emission standards will be determined (1) The major axis of the on the basis of engine displacement. epitrochoidal curve. [69 FR 2437, Jan. 15, 2004] (2) The minor axis of the epitrochoidal curve. § 86.420–78 Engine families. (3) The generating radius of the (a) The vehicles covered in the appli- epitrochoidal curve. cation will be divided into groupings (4) The cooling mechanism. whose engines are expected to have (5) The number of rotors. similar emission characteristics (6) The engine displacement class, throughout their useful life. Each § 86.419. group of engines with similar emission (7) The method of air aspiration. characteristics shall be defined as a (8) The number of catalytic con- separate engine family. verters, location, volume and composi- (b) Reciprocating families. To be tion. classed in the same engine family, re- (9) The thermal reactor characteris- ciprocating engines must be identical tics. in all of the following applicable re- (10) The number of carburetors. spects: (11) The prechamber characteristics. (1) The combustion cycle. (e) At the manufacturer’s option, ro- (2) The cooling mechanism. tary combustion cycle engines iden- (3) The cylinder configuration tical in all the respects listed in para- (inline, vee, opposed, bore spacings, graph (d) of this section, may be fur- etc.). ther divided into different engine fami- (4) The number of cylinders. lies if the Administrator determines (5) The engine displacement class, that they may be expected to have dif- § 86.419. ferent emission characteristics. This

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