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Home , Frankincense, Piper guineense

10/22/2014

GOALS • Understand why the sense of smell can be used therapeutically. • Understand why odorant molecules produce physiological actions in humans. • Review the physiological actions, therapeutic benefits, and applications of 10 essential oils: Frankincense, Eucalyptus, Cypress, Peppermint, , AROMATHERAPY DELUXE Lemon, Geranium, , Clary sage, and Vetiver. Traditional Institute at NCNM • Discuss the physiological actions, chemical compositions, therapeutic October 2014 benefits, and applications of 6 exotic essential oils: Neroli, , Ylang Ylang, Rose, , and Jasmine. • Discuss safety issues of using essential oils, including dosing, duration, and contraindications. • Practice creating a aromatherapy blend/protocol for an individual case and general conditions. • Learn how to simply and effectively include aromatherapy in your practice.

SENSE OF SMELL SENSE OF SMELL

• Not regulated by the thalamus Plutchik’s wheel of emotions • Why is working with the sense of (Greek for room). Thalamus is a smell beneficial therapeutically? gate to our consciousness. • Psychoneuroimmunology • This means the sense of smell • Perception of safety/danger cannot be buffered out. • Happy/not happy • Olfactory cortex is the brain center used when experiencing emotions, • Immune function increases w/ memorizing events. parasympathetic system • This is why an odor can trigger such • Immune function decreases w/ a strong response. sympathetic function

SENSE OF SMELL SENSE OF SMELL

• Perception is not reality. • Our limbic system is located • Olfaction transmits to the limbic • Rather it is an ‘image’ or ‘idea’ of between our brain stem system faster than other senses what reality is. (unconscious) and cerebral cortex • Also can sometimes travel directly (rational /conscious) • We map perception through all five to cortex senses throughout the body. • The limbic system is a translator, • This is a powerful tool mediator, regulator between our • Hypothalamus responds to unconscious and conscious aspects • Our evolutionary survival has perception. of brain function depended on it. • Sense of smell enables us to directly • So has the survival of other speak to the sensory input the in our environment hypothalamus receives – this can change perception.

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FUNCTIONAL GROUP FAMILIES DERIVED FROM MEVALONIC ACID PATHWAY THE FOUR QUALITIES • • Chemopreventative • Sequiterpenes • Anti-inflammatory • Monoterpenols • Anti-infectious • Sequiterpenols • Chemopreventative • Oxides • Antinociceptive • Esters • Sedative • Aldehydes • Anti-infectious • Ketones • Wound healing • Lactones • Anti-inflammatory

THE 12 MAIN CLASSES OF TCM – FIVE ELEMENTS COMPOUNDS

CHAKRA BALANCING XENOHORMESIS

• Essential oils stimulate both the • Xenohormeis: the phenomenon of a • “Biological principle that explains energetic chakra centers and the “foreign organism’s stress response how environmentally stressed associated glandular systems producing chemicals that yield produce bioactive compounds simultaneously. benefits to another organism. which can confer stress resistance • Ideal approach with essential oil and survival benefits to animals that therapy: metaphysical, emotional, consume them.” and physical • Plants can confer their stress • Mu and Shu points complement this tolerance. work

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ESSENTIAL OILS AND XENOHORMESIS ANTINOCICEPTION

• Cellular stress response and “stress • These stress response molecules can TRVP1 transient receptor potential • Capsaicin receptor cation channel, subfamily V, chaperones” are believed to be either benefit the animal directly, or member 1 • This pathway has been shown to be about 2.5 billion years old. it can activate its own stress used by eucalyptus essential oil. response system. • However, the evolution of • Also by (-)-carvone – found in stress response has been evolving • This is different that vitamin or several essential oils. Spearmint, for 1 billion years. caloric benefits. These provide peppermint immediate benefits. • The more stress a plant has been • Bergamot essential oil under, the more beneficial • Polyphenols and other EO biological constituents it will constituents signal a trigger to • Eugenol – found in many EOS – produce. stimulate stress response and add , rose, myrrh, ylang ylang longevity.

ESSENTIAL OILS AND ESSENTIAL OILS AND ANTINOCICEPTION Opioid system ANTINOCICEPTION • This is the receptor/mechanism set that is primarily used for Serotonergic system antidepressant drugs such as • Beta- – produces benzodiazepenes, and other non- release of beta-endorphin (via benzodiazepene antidepressants. opioid receptor activation), • Combined effects of increases analgesic effect of antinociception and anxiolytic morphine. action • Beta-caryophyllene is found • 5-HT(1A) receptors – rosemary throughout essential oil chemistry • Bergamot, Neroli, other citrus oils • Trans-caryophyllene also has been shown to have antinociception activity through this pathway.

Phtoto: G.D. Carr/hawaii.edu

• The approximate quantity of caryophyllene in the essential oil of each source is given in square brackets ([ ]): ESSENTIAL OILS AND ESSENTIAL OILS AND • Cannabis, , marijuana (Cannabis sativa)[2] [3.8– 37.5% of cannabis flower essential oil][12] • Black (Carum nigrum) [7.8%][13] ANTINOCICEPTION ANTINOCICEPTION • (Syzygium aromaticum)[1] [1.7%-19,5% of clove bud essential oil][14][15] • Other essential oil/ components that • (-)-linalool has shown both • Hops (Humulus lupulus)[16] [5.1–14.5%][17] are believed to work through the antinociceptive and anti- • (Ocimum spp.)[18] [5.3–10.5% O. gratissimum; 4.0– opioid system: inflammatory actions. 19.8% O. micranthum][19] • (Origanum vulgare)[20] [4.9%-15.7][21][22] • Lemon EO • The antinocicpetive actions are • ( nigrum) [7.29%][23] • EO believed to work through both the • West African Pepper (Piper guineense) [57.59% (black); opioid and the cholinergic 51.75% (white)][23] • Bergamot EO shown to block spinal pathways. • Lavender () [4.62% of lavender [24] signal-regulated protein kinase oil] • The parasympathetic nervous [3] [25] produce by partial sciatic nerve • Rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis) [0.1–8.3%] system sends almost all of its • True (Cinnamomum zeylanicum) [6.9– ligation. [26] signaling through the cholinergic 11.1%] • Bergamot EO or linalool improved • Malabathrum (Cinnamomum tamala) [25.3%][27] pathway (acetylcholine).+ [28] the effectiveness of morphine, even • Cananga odorata [3.1%-10.7%] at ineffective doses of morphine

• SOURCE : WIKIPEDIA ARTICLE ON CARYOPHYLLENE Phtoto: http://www.codinausa.com/

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ESSENTIAL OILS AND TOP 10 ESSENTIAL OILS FOR CLINICAL AROMATHERAPY ANTINOCICEPTION BY CHAKRA

• essential oil produced • Citronellol – produced significant • Frankincense Crown Chakra significant antinociception and anti- antinociception and anti- • Eucalyptus Brow Chakra inflammatory actions in mice. inflammatory actions. Believed to • Cypress Brow/ Throat Chakra work through inhibition of • Naloxone failed to reverse these • Peppermint Throat Chakra effects. Other pathways than opioid “peripheral mediators and central receptors involved in this analgesic inhibitory mechanisms”. • Rosemary Throat / Heart Chakra effect. • Geranium Heart Chakra • Lemon Heart / Solar Plexus Chakra • Marjoram Solar Plexus Chakra • Clary sage Sacral Chakra • Vetiver Base Chakra

TOP TEN OILS FOR CLINICAL AROMATHERAPY BY ELEMENTS FRANKINCENSE

• Metal: Frankincense, Eucalyptus, Physiological Carterii Cypress, Clary Sage • Anti-catarrhal/Expectorant • Anti-depressant • Water: Geranium, Cypress • Nervous system tonic • Antiseptic • Wood: Peppermint, Clary Sage • Analgesic • Vulnerary • Fire: Rosemary, Marjoram, Lemon • Uterine Tonic • Anti-oxidant • Earth: Frankincense, Marjoram, Lemon, • Anti-inflammatory Geranium, Vetiver, Peppermint • Chemopreventative

Art by BlueChai

EUCALYPTUS CYPRESS Eucalytpus Globulus Physiological Cupressus sempervirens Physiological

• Analgesic • Anti-bacterial/fungal • Anti-bacterial • Anti-rheumatic • Anti-inflammatory • Anti-spasmodic • Decongestant • Astringent • Anti-neuralgic • Calmative • Febrifuge/rubefacient • Lymphatic Decongestant • Neurotonic • Immune tonic • Phlebotonic • Prostatic decongestant

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PEPPERMINT ROSEMARY Rosmarinus officinalis Physiological piperita Physiological • Cardiotonic • Analgesic • Analgesic • Anti-bacterial • Emmenagogue • Anti-catarrahal • Nervine (stimulant) • Anti-fungal/viral • Stimulant/Cephalic • Anti-inflammatory • Hepatic/choleretic • Hepatic • Digestive • Anti-depressant • Febrifuge

c. Terracina Amanda Lattin 2010

CHEMOTYPES GERANIUM

• Rosemary, Rosmarinus officinalis Pelargonium graveolens Physiological • Chemptypes – 1,8 cineol, • Analgesic verbenone, • Anti-bacterial/fungal • Cineol – general stimulant, heart tonic, muscles • Anti-inflammatory • Verbenone – gentle, liver and • Lymphatic decongestant gallbladder tonic, skin • Pancreatic stimulant • Camphor – respiratory issues, • Astringent elimination • Sexual tonic

LEMON MARJORAM Origanum marjorana Physiological Citrus limon Physiological

• Antimicrobial • Analgesic • Diuretic • Anti-fungal • Antispasmodic • Antiviral, Antibacterial • Anti-rheumatic • Antispasmodic • Carminative • Carminative • Diaphoretic/febrifuge • Nervine & Sedative • Astringent • Hypotensive • Hemostatic • Vulnerary • Antioxidant

c. Terracina Amanda Lattin 2010

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CLARY SAGE VETIVER Physiological Salvia sclarea

• Nervine Vetiveria zizanoides Physiological • Anti-depressant • Sedative • Anti-depressant • Anti-spasmodic • Immune tonic • Emmenagogue • Anti-rheumatic • Hypotonic • Hepatic/pancreatic stimulant • Euphoric • Anti-fungal • Calmative • Analgesic • Anti-spasmodic • General tonic

TOP TEN ESSENTIAL OILS FOR CLINICAL AROMATHERAPY TOP TEN ESSENTIAL OILS FOR CLINICAL AROMATHERAPY SKELETON BLENDS SKELETON BLENDS

• Frankincense, Eucalyptus , Cypress • Eucalyptus, Cypress, Peppermint • Cypress, Lemon, Clary Sage • Peppermint, Rosemary, Lemon

• Frankincense, Cypress, Rosemary • Eucalyptus, Peppermint, Rosemary • Cypress, Rosemary, Geranium • Peppermint, Marjoram, Lemon

• Frankincense, Rosemary, Lemon • Eucalyptus, Peppermint, Lemon • Cypress, Marjoram, Geranium • Peppermint, Geranium, Lemon

• Frankincense, Lemon, Geranium • Eucalyptus, Lemon, Rosemary • Cypress, Frankincense, Vetiver • Peppermint, Eucalyptus

• Frankincense, Geranium, Clary Sage • Eucalyptus, Marjoram, Cypress • Cypress, Rosemary, Lemon • Peppermint, Cypress

TOP TEN ESSENTIAL OILS FOR CLINICAL AROMATHERAPY TOP TEN ESSENTIAL OILS FOR CLINICAL AROMATHERAPY SKELETON BLENDS SKELETON BLENDS

• Rosemary, Lemon, Geranium • Geranium, Clary Sage, Cypress • Lemon, Frankincense, Vetiver Clary Sage, Frankincense, Vetiver

• Rosemary, Marjoram, Lemon • Geranium, Clary Sage, Lemon • Lemon, Frankincense, Clary Sage

• Rosemary, Geranium, Clary Sage • Geranium, Lemon, Vetiver • Lemon, Marjoram, Frankincense

• Rosemary, Lemon, Vetiver • Geranium, Marjoram, Vetiver • Marjoram, Geranium, Lemon

• Rosemary verbenone, Marjoram, • Geranium, Clary Sage, Vetiver • Clary Sage, Rosemary, Vetiver Frankincense

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EXOTIC ESSENTIAL OILS NEROLI

• Some aromatherapists would say exotic essential oils are ones that are not • Aroma commonly used such as or violet leaf. • In this class we are looking at essential oils that are very well known, but each • Visceral comes from an ‘exotic’ location or specific region/ecosystem. • Movement / Shape • Each of these oils are in limited supply and are considered precious in the global community. Some are even endangered species. • Emotional • These essential oils are treasured and extremely beautiful to smell. • They have also been revered over the ages by many cultures and • Physical civilizations as some of the strongest healing and spiritual agents on the planet. • Taste • Neroli, myrrh, ylang ylang, rose, sandalwood, jasmine • Association

NEROLI NEROLI PHYTOCHEMISTRY • Limonene – • Linalool – monoterpenol • B-pinene – monoterpene • Camphene -monoterpene Citrus aurantium var. amara Physiological • A-pinene – monoterpene • Antidepressant • Terpinene - monoterpene • D-3-carene – monoterpene • Antispasmodic • Citral - aldehyde • Antiseptic • Mycrene – monoterpene • Methyl anthranilate – ester • Carminative • B-citral (2%) – aldehyde • Cicatrisant • A- terpineol – monoterpenol • Gerniol (1%) – monoterpenol • Digestive • Linalyl, geranyl acetate - esters • Nervine • Nerol – monoterpenol • Farnesol – alcohol • Jasmone - ketone

NEROLI HARVESTING / NEROLI PHYTOCHEMISTRY PRODUCTION

• Methyl anthranilate • An ester found in a number of other • 1. essential oils including: jasmine, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v bergamot, tuberose, gardenia, =1z9t96h7pPc – Tunisia ylang ylang. • 2. • Found in concord grapes. Also https://www.youtube.com/watch?v reported to be excreted from some =2eIgRtjcJ3Y – Morocco musk glands. Bird repellant. • 3. • This ester has a fruity grape scent https://www.youtube.com/watch?v with musky and tones. =HDrg9gSnxM8 - France • Can be synthesized.

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BLEND USED IN BP / CORTISOL NEROLI RESEARCH RESEARCH

• A study looked at the 24 hour • 4 week intervention • Lavender, ylang ylang, marjoram, • Lavender relaxes cardiac system, ambulatory BP and cortisol levels of • SBP and DBP lowered within 10 neroli hypertension 83 pre and hypertensive pts. minutes after EO inhalations. • 20 :15 :10 :2 ratio • Ylang ylang lowers BP, relaxes • Experimental group inhaled • SBP and DBP increased after • Designed to have a soothing and emotions and nervous system aromatherapy blend while the inhalations of synthetic fragrance. relaxing effect on the nervous • Marjoram lowers sympathetic placebo group was given artificial system and lower BP nervous system, stimulates fragrance. • SBP and DBP baseline averages lowered over 4 week period. • Important to note an international parasympathetic nervous system • Pts wore necklace with essential oils • Cortisol levels lowered in EO group. aromatherapist was consulted to • Neroli soothes emotions, relieves / fragrance during the day design the blend for the study. palpitations, shock and fear • At night put two drops EO on stone • Increased after inhalation of synthetic fragrance.

NEROLI RESEARCH NEROLI RESEARCH

• In vitro studies show antioxidant and • Lavender and Neroli ranked highest • Randomized controlled trial with 63 antitumor effects. among essential oils tested for their postmenopausal women. • In vitro antibacterial effects against selective antibacterial actions. • Inhaled .1% or .5% neroli EO in Pseudomonas aeruginosa. • Lavender and Neroli essential oils almond oil 5 min 2 x daily for 5 days. • Compared to control group: • Strong antifungal effects inhibited growth of pathogenic compared to Nystatin. bacteria and had no effect on • Increased sexual desire, better beneficial bacteria (in vitro). scores on Menopause Specific Quality of Life Questionnaire • More research is needed to explore safety and tolerability, and verify • Significantly lower diastolic BP. the results. • Tended to improve pulse rate, cortisol, and estrogen levels. No statistical differences.

NEROLI ENERGETICS NEROLI

• Energy: Cool with neutral moisture • This leads to feelings of deficiency • Crown Chakra Is used primarily as a top note, but • Elements: Fire (Wood) and stress, subsequently, • Promoting connection between also can lend a base note quality in a depression. blend. • One of the best nervous system conscious and subconscious – open tools in aromatherapy – sedative • Neroli helps bring out suppressed gate to connect and release. Neroli is pain relieving through its and antidepressant. frustration and/or anger. This can • When not disconnected from your antispasmodic action. prevent depression from escalating personal truth, able to make Also alleviates emotional pain, fears, • Insomnia, depression, with states of into hopelessness, despondency. anxiety /agitation. choices. See your yourself in a from insecurities. • Neroli is a tool to open gates of complete . Excellent essential oil for skin care, • For unstable and intense emotional release. Emotions that need to person who becomes agitated • This promotes feelings of night applications are best to avoid move / express to relieve depression recuperation, safety, restoration. photosensitization effects. easily due to sensitivities. and sensitivities.

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NEROLI ENERGETICS NEROLI ENERGETICS

• Balances fire element - excess • Clears Heart Fire Heat – • Why is relieving heart heat/fire • Heart Yin Deficiency can cause • Sensation of heat in the chest important? heat • Thirst • Where do we see a heart fire pattern? • Fire quality more immediate • Red face / eyes, tongue ulcerations • Can stress or pain lend itself to • Meridian AC wise, not a difference • Mental restlessness between HT heat, HT fire – but in produce this cycle herbal medicine, there is distinction • Dark, scanty urine, sometimes • Can also see this cycle produce burning itself with mood disorders. But that • Red tip of tongue, yellow coating cycle does not need substance to perpetuate. • Bursting, overflowing pulse

NEROLI APPLICATIONS/ NEROLI APPLICATIONS FORMULAS FORMULAS

• Heart Fire Protocol – modified from • Heart Fire Blend: • Neroli hydrosol (water) – 1 tsp can • Skin rejuvenation oil Jeffrey Yuen and David Tircuit • Neroli , Ylang Ylang , Sandalwood: be added to bath water for adults • 1 oz jojoba oil, grapeseed oil, • Can use Neroli on the following 2:2:1 or children. Soothes digestion, evening primrose oil agitation, benefits mood/ sleep. meridian points: • Use in a cooling base oil: , • 10 drops neroli EO • 1 tsp neroli hydrosol can also be • HT-7, P6 and 8, BL 14, BL15, apricot kernel. 6-10% dilution • 10 drops rose (for damaged skin) CV 14 and 17, GB 15 taken with water for intestinal • Can use on points, or apply to discomfort. Diffuse in humidifier. • 10 drops lemon (for acne) • For depression use CV15 chest, wrists, over kidneys. • Facial toner: 2 oz neroli hydrosol, 4 • 10 drops sandalwood (cold sore • This blend can be used for other drops neroli essential oil. Shake prevention, skin concerns such as imbalances, will discuss further later before spraying. skin tags, cancer prevention) • 20 drop total gives 2.5% can use 1%

TOP TEN ESSENTIAL OILS FOR CLINICAL AROMATHERAPY NEROLI APPLICATIONS/ FORMULAS SKELETON BLENDS

• Key essential oil to use during labor, • Neroli, sweet orange, petitgrain, or • Frankincense, Lemon, Geranium, • Geranium, Clary Sage, Cypress, delivery, and post partum. bergamot combined. (Neroli) (Neroli) • Both mom and baby benefit from • Using essential oils from all three calming, antidepressant effects. parts of the plant allows extension • We will discuss blends / protocols in of the neroli essential oil more detail with rose, jasmine, and • This creates a blend for frustration, ylang ylang. over seriousness, tension, stress • Sweet Orange (3), petitgrain (2), • Lemon, Frankincense, Vetiver, neroli (1) (Neroli) • What would be the difference in using bergamot?

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NEROLI PERSONALITY PROFILE MYRRH

• Aroma

• Visceral

• Movement / Shape

• Emotional

• Physical

• Taste

• Association

MYRRH MYRRH PHYTOCHEMISTRY

• - molmol Physiological • Pinene, Limonene, • Anti-catarrahal • Eugenol • Anti-inflammatory • Diterpenes • Antiseptic • Several esters that are found in floral • Anti-fungal / antiviral EOs • Expectorant (warming) • Also larger esters of sesquiterpene • Sedative alcohols • Emmenagogue • Cinnamaldehyde • Digestive/Pulmonary stimulant • Very small amounts of all • Vulnerary constituents

MYRRH HARVESTING/ MYRRH PHYTOCHEMISTRY PRODUCTION

• 1. • Furanoeudesma- 1,3-diene https://www.youtube.com/watch?v • Pain relieving via opioid receptors =hIFofrgiLLs - India • 2. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v • Discussion boards on pain. They got =k30E5K1FNP4 – the idea from research on this molecule. • 3. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v • Adding Myrrh to regimen for opioid =DoKY3IIaBp8 Frankincense in withdraw Somalia start at 4.49 minutes • Stimulant/warming yet calming, relieving depression

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MYRRH RESEARCH MYRRH RESEARCH

• Both boswellia and myrrh species • Current study evaluated Boswellia have been recently studied for their carterii and in Commiphora anti-cancer activities. pyracanthoides in vitro against the • Earlier works (2001 – 2011) have following cancer cells lines: breast shown positive results for cytotoxic (MCF-7), hepatocellular carcinomas (anti-tumor), elemene passes (HepG2), cervical (HeLa), skin(HS-1), through blood brain barrier. and small cell lung cancer (A549). Effective against cerebral • Myrrh proved stronger than malignancy in mice. frankincense. Strongest results for • Analgesic, anti-inflammatory, the breast and skin cell lines. hypolipidemic, and antiparastic • C. africana (liver fluke) actions.

MYRRH ENERGETICS MYRRH ENERGETICS

• Energetics: Warm and dry • Invigorate blood • Chakra: Base and Crown • Heightens awareness of Self. Like the soul, formless and free. Separate • Elements: Earth and Metal • Antibacterial, antifungal, anti- • Inspiration from the ego inflammatory properties traditionally Inner Stillness and Peace • Strengthen Spleen • • Bring forth dreams allow them to be for mouth/ gum/throat infection. • Soothing, clarify uplift the Yi expressed • Clear lethargy, cold, congestion, vaginitis, thrush. (Intellect) dampness due to weak • Ancient Hebrews drank w/wine to Spleen/Pancreas • Balsamic/expectorant for laryngitis, • Brings peace to Metal Element as prepare for religious ceremonies. bronchitis, loss of voice. Combine the funeral to ease grief and • Astringent – chronic diarrhea and • Strengthens psychic centers at base here w/eucalyptus, , tea tree, sorrow of spine and crown of head vaginal discharges linalool Healing vulnerary- appearing only • • Bridge between Heaven and Earth • Clear LU/ST heat • Hyperthyroidism when plant is wounded. Relieves wounds of loss/rejection

MYRRH APPLICATION MYRRH APPLICATIONS FORMULAS FORMULAS

• Opiate withdrawal support • Oral / dental • Broken toe or finger: • Myrrh (2), Neroli (2), Geranium (3), • Wounds / Broken bones • Apply 2 drops Myrrh and 2 drops Marjoram (1), Lemon (3) • Skin Ulcers, fungal infections Frankincense neat every 4 hours • Can apply appropriate salve over • Myrrh – earth and metal • Urogenital congestion, infection this, such as Arnica. • Lung congestion • Neroli – fire and wood • Can use this protocol for first 48 • Geranium – earth and water • Intestinal inflammation, infections hours • Marjoram- earth and fire • Diarrhea • Then change essentials oils for 2-3 • Varicose veins days before returning to this • Lemon – earth and fire protocol if needed • Can be added to formulas as an additive for pain relief.

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MYRRH PERSONALITY PROFILE YLANG YLANG

• Aroma

• Visceral

• Movement / Shape

• Emotional

• Physical

• Taste

• Association

YLANG YLANG YLANG YLANG PHYTOCHEMISTRY

Cananga odorata var. genuina Physiological • Aldehydes – furfural, benzaldehyde • Antidepressant • Terpenes – alpha-pinene • Anti-inflammatory • Phenylpropanes – eugenol • Hypotensive/tachycardia • Esters and alcohols – methyl • Sexual tonic – impotence/frigidity benzoate, methyl salicylate, linalool, • Antispasmodic geraniol, nerolidol, nerol, farnesol • Calmative • Phenol esters – cresyl methyl ether • Expectorant • Sequiterpenes – caryophyllene, • Antifungal cadinene

YLANG YLANG HARVESTING/ YLANG YLANG PHYTOCHEMISTRY PRODUCTION Para-cresyl ethyl ether – Para-cresyl acetate – strong • https://www.youtube.com/watch?v sweet, ylang, almond floral odor =Nn9R1G7Wj2w Madagascar • https://www.youtube.com/watch?v =QtFEfZLy4GE East Java • https://www.youtube.com/watch?v =j4TAdgHetbU Vero Beach • David Fairchild created a tropical plant conservatory in Coral Gables, FL

• Image: Biolandes

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YLANG YLANG RESEARCH YLANG YLANG RESEARCH

• 140 volunteers (UK) were randomly • Another study evaluated assigned either ylang ylang, physiological parameters after peppermint, or no aroma (control). transdermal absorption of ylang • Cognitive performed and mood ylang. scales were completed before and • Self evaluation of mood as well after aroma intervention. (VAS). • Peppermint improved memory and • Blood pressure significantly alertness. decreased, increased skin • While ylang impaired memory and temperature. alertness, but significantly increased • Ylang group self evaluated as more calmness. calm and relaxed than control • Image: Rohan7things group.

YLANG YLANG RESEARCH YLANG YLANG RESEARCH

• Dr. Tim Betts, Birmingham University • Once Jasmine was included in the • Next, they had 25 pts do a series of • Many participants were able to Seizure Clinic, Queen Elizabeth selection, many pts chose jasmine. 6 massages with their oil control their seizures completely. Psychiatric Hospital. • Researchers felt this blind choice • Then one auto hypnotic technique, • Some found eventually they didn’t associated the smell of the oil with need to carry the oil with them but • Found in the hospital that two was important as many people with relaxing. could just think of the oil. aromatherapy massages a month epilepsy have altered sense of significantly reduced frequency of smell. • Pts then carried the oil with them, • The ones who receive the full tx and would smell it when they felt including massage had the best seizures. Returning to normal 2 to 6 • Felt their choice more reflected the months after tx stopped. the warning signs of a seizure. results. Why? Conditioned body knowing what it needed. They • Contrasted this with a group (25) pharmacological effect? • Pts were allowed to choose their discussed a lack of a way to who only did the auto hypnotic • In researching further, they were own oil. Almost all chose ylang verify/test this. technique with the oil. able to find an anticonvulsant ylang. effect of Jasmine EO. But, this didn’t explain the full results seen.

YLANG YLANG ENERGETICS YLANG YLANG ENERGETICS

• Energetics: Cool and Moist • Relieves heat in the blood • Disturbed Shen • There are several scenarios that • Element: Fire (water) • With heat in the blood often see • More emotions, fewer physical could lead to disturbing the Shen (spirit) • Very calming and supportive of the some sort of bleeding, excess symptoms in this pattern heart. menstrual bleeding, bloody nose. • Hallucinations, weeping • Heart Fire, Heat in the Blood, Liver Qi stagnation. • Promotes sleep through its cooling • HBP, tachycardia, heart palpitations uncontrollably effects on the body and emotions • Can also have nervousness, • Irrational fears or jealousy • Because of this, may see Disturbed agitation, insomnia. Shen picture along with another set • Anxiety, insomnia of symptoms • Birmingham University Seizure Clinic • In blending, you will chose companion oils for ylang ylang based on other patterns present

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YLANG YLANG APPLICATIONS YLANG YLANG ENERGETICS FORMULAS

• Chakra: Heart • A sexual tonic • Depression Relief • Harmonize Heart and Sacral chakra • Peace, euphoria, sensuality • Aphrodisiac • Cypress, Frankincense, Vetiver, • Geranium, Clary Sage, Lemon, • Helps Shen connect with the • Raises Kidney essence (Ylang Ylang) (Ylang Ylang) physical senses so it doesn’t uproot. • Use for impotence and frigidity • Cypress (1) – metal and water • Geranium (1) – earth and water Ground into yin. • Clam fears around sensuality and • Frankincense (1) – metal and earth • Clary Sage (2) – metal and wood • Harmonize Heart and Sacral sexuality, think / feel voluptuous • Vetiver (2) - earth • Lemon (1) – earth and fire chakras • Heartache • Ylang Ylang (2) – fire and water • Ylang Ylang (2) – fire and water

• Secondary use – expectorant, sooth • Secondary use – anti-fungal the lungs

YLANG YLANG PERSONALITY YLANG YLANG PERSONALITY PROFILE PROFILE

ROSE ROSE

• Aroma

• Visceral Rosa Damascena Physiological • Analgesic • Movement / Shape • Antidepressant • Antibacterial • Emotional • Anti-inflammatory • Physical • Tonic, general/sexual/nerve • Cicatrisant • Taste • Astringent • Choleretic • Association

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ROSE PHYTOCHEMISTRY

• Extremely complex – over 300 THREE ROSE SPECIES compounds, many unidentified. • 86% identified. Unidentified 14% Rosa centifolia – cabbage rose contains over 300 compounds. • Monoterpenols – 55%

Rosa damascena – damask rose • Monoterpenes • Aldehydes, rose ketones • Esters of monoterpenols Rosa gallica – French rose • Methyl eugenol, eugenol Wikipedia commons • Absolute – sequiterpene(ols)

ROSE RESEARCH ROSE HARVESTING/

PRODUCTION Type of Solution Effect Method of Study • 1. • Extract (al/aq) Hypnotic Pentobarbital-induced sleep time https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JPy dfRMC01E – Afghan • Extract (hydroal/eth) Analgesic Animal studies • 2. • Essential Oil Anticonvulsant Pentylenetrazole/kindling methods https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rOTL HPtTtIw – Turkey • Extract (eth/aq) Antitussive Citric acid method Essential oil, Eth ex. Bronchodilatory Tracheal chains • 3. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=V- • 1qp2TedIQ#t=15 - Bulgaria • Extract (aq/eth) Potentiation of HR, contractility Isolated Heart • • Isolated compounds Anti-HIV (viral) Effect of C8166 and H9 infected cells • 3. http://gulfnews.com/pictures/life- • Essential oil/absolute Antibacterial In vitro methods style/photo-essay-the-rose-harvest-in- -1.824781 - photo series reporting, • Extract (methanol) Anti-diabetic Measurement of Alpha-glucosidase Oman • Extracts Antioxidant Free radical scavenging • Boiled extract Laxative, prokinetic Frequency of defecation • Image: Enio Bonchev • Extract (hydroal) Anti-inflammatory Rat paw edema

ROSE RESEARCH ROSE RESEARCH

• Rose has classically been used for • Rose oil has also been shown to • A study with rats in 2012 showed • Researchers felt this was due to rose imbalances of the reproductive increase motility of sperm and inhalation of rose essential oil inhibits essential oil’s ability to prevent the organs, whether infertility, sperm count, seminiferous tubule several measurable effects of stress induced activation of the menopausal, disharmony of diameters. chronic stress hypothalamo–pituitary– menstrual cycle. • Decreased abnormal sperm count. • Prevents chronic stress-induced adrenocortical axis (HPA axis). • A research study has shown rose • Histopathological improvements in disruption of skin barrier. essential oil also has an affinity for testes and total testosterone levels. • Significantly the increases of plasma the male reproductive system. • Inhalations of rose oil 1 hour a day corticosterone (cortisol in humans). • Rose has been shown to be a strong for 35 days with rats. • Decreased trans-epidermal water antioxidant. Also been show to be loss caused by stress. able to protect testicular tissue from induced damage.

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ROSE ENERGETICS ROSE ENERGETICS HENRY SIDDONS MOWBRAY – THE ROSE FESTIVAL HENRY SIDDONS MOWBRAY – THE ROSE HARVEST- 1887

• Energetics: Cool and moist • Cools and soothes the liver • Elements: Fire • Relieves pain generated by this: • Yin Tonic migraines, constipation, nausea, dysmenorrhea • Clearing heat and inflammation • Uterine tonic, tonifying, astringent, • Toxins, infections hemostatic. Use for excessive • Depression, anxiousness menstrual bleeding, pain • Primary organs: liver, heart, uterus, • Also beneficial in menopausal skin patterns, or similar disharmony in menstruating women. • Chinese action: Harmonize HT/KI

ROSE ENERGETICS ROSE ENERGETICS

• Opens the Heart Chakra • Invaluable for skin applications. • Rose supports the heart in many ways. • All types of skin infections: fungal, • It is soft and gentle, yet very potent in bacterial, viral (shingles). all its actions • Generally used for either baby skin • Opens the heart, relieves grief and care or mature skin, or to prevent sadness, and pain aging in skin. • Clears heat and deficiencies that • Not my top choice just for acne cause anxiety, palpitations, despair. preparations, not necessary. • Rose is an emotional level wound • Skin rashes, inflamed, healer undernourished, underhydrated • Nurturing, restoring capacity for healing, love, and hope • Skin care for cold months Image: http://scentualsoundtracks.wordpress.com/2012/ 11/06/winter-skin-care-2/ Photo: Enio Bonchev

ROSE APPLICATIONS ROSE APPLICATIONS FORMULAS FORMULAS

• Adopted baby bonding • Migraine rub – 10% – 50% • Migraine blend: peppermint essential oil in isopropyl • Dual formula for grief and alcohol (rubbing alcohol). Apply • 5ml neat blend dysmenorrhea/ excessive bleeding with cotton ball to chest, shoulders, • 3ml (75 drops) peppermint • Migraine and neck at onset of migraine. • 1ml (25 drops) rose • Also, apply 1-2 drops neat rose oil • Shingles over centers of most intense pain on • Skin care (neroli formulas) face, neck, head. • For the remaining 1ml (25drops): • How / when to use for acute pain • In particular, over maxillary and • Eucalyptus frontal sinuses, GB 20, SI 3, HT 8 Frankincense • Antifungal • • Also heat on feet is essential. Oils on • Clary sage • Anti-infectious spray LV3 • Geranium

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ROSE APPLICATIONS FORMULAS DUAL FORMULA FOR GRIEF OR DYSMENORRHEA / EXCESSIVE BLEEDING ROSE PERSONALITY PROFILE

• Dual formula for grief or • Harmonize Heart and Crown Chakra dysmenorrhea / excessive • Depression, loss of passion, loss of joy, bleeding loss of sense of personal truth • Geranium, Clary Sage, Cypress, • Frankincense (2) – metal and earth (Rose) • Neroli (1) – fire and wood • Geranium (2) – water and earth • Rose (1) - fire • Clary Sage (2) – metal and wood • Ylang ylang (1) – fire and water • Cypress (1) – metal and water • Rose (1) - fire

ROSE PERSONALITY PROFILE SANDALWOOD

• Aroma

• Visceral

• Movement / Shape

• Emotional

• Physical

• Taste

• Association

SANDALWOOD SANDALWOOD SPECIES

• Santalum album – Indian Physiological Santalum album Sandalwood • Antiviral / antifungal • Santalum rubrum or Pterocarpus santalinus – Red Sandalwood • Antidepressant • Anti-inflammatory • Santalum spicatum – Australian • Lymphatic decongestant Sandalwood • Sexual tonic • Santalum peniculatum – Hawaiian • Expectorant (cooling) Sandalwood • Calmative • Santalum ellipticum, S. • Cardiotonic freycinetianum var. lanaiense – also • Hemostatic / astringent Hawaiian Sandalwood

Photo: www.ctahr.hawaii.edu

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SANDALWOOD SPECIES SANDALWOOD PHYTOCHEMISTRY

• Satalum album • More than 100 constituents reported • Predominately sesquiterpene alcohols: alpha and beta santalol, up to 90%. • Up to 30 variations of these alcohols. • Sequiterpene esters – between 3-5% • Sesquiterpenes – 2-5% • Sesquiterpene aldehydes – 1-2% • Sesquiterpene acids – 1%

SANDALWOOD HARVESTING/ SANDALWOOD RESEARCH PRODUCTION

• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v • Aromatic lignans isolated from • Diterpenes - antibacterial, antiviral, =20a4Wh6kcGQ Australian methanol extract of sandalwood antifungal, expectorant. sustainable Sandalwood heartwood. • These kinds of findings make the • https://www.youtube.com/watch?v • Di-terpene alcohols. C20 argument for CO2 and solvent =YSpYYAwVGcs Hawaiian • Two of these compounds showed extractions of essential oils. Sandalwood impressive cytotoxic actions against • To capture heavier weight aromatic • Endangered species Red HL-60 (human promyelocytic compounds that may not come Sandalwood smuggling in India leukemia cells) and A549 (human over in steam distillation. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v lung adenocarcinoma epithelial • More accurately reflects true =828Iw2_NUO0 cell line). essential oil occurring in the plant. • Apoptosis cytotoxic action Santalum Spicatum. Image: Australian National Botanic Gardens

SANDALWOOD RESEARCH SANDALWOOD RESEARCH

• 2011, alpha santalol showed • Sandalwood extract was compared • Control diabetic group increase chemoprevenative , actions for against Metformin in induced blood glucose by 125mg/dl. against initiated skin cancer diabetic rats for anti-hyperglycemic and anti-hyperlipidemic effects. • Sandalwood increased HDL by 46%, development in mice and cell lines. Decreased TC by 22%, LDL by 31%, • Sandalwood was injected twice • • Alpha-santalol induces cancer cell daily at 10microgram/kg body triglycerides by 44% apoptosis, and inhibits cell growth weight daily. Metformin dosage is • Metformin: HDL up 7%, TC down by interfering with several cell cycle 30mg/kg body weight. 11%, LDL 29%, and TG 15%. regulatory proteins • Sandalwood reduced blood • Researchers felt sandalwood glucose by 140mg/dl extract had anti-hyperlipidemic actions that could help overcome • Metformin reduced blood glucose by 70mg/dl insulin resistance.

Young Santalum album tree plantation in India

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SANDALWOOD RESEARCH SANDALWOOD RESEARCH SYNTHETIC BIOSYNTHESIS

• Interesting study done to evaluate • Then the researchers want to see if • Because sandalwood is so • Sandalwood cytochrome P450 the anxiolytic effects of sandalwood the sandalwood would relieve the expensive due to poor resource genes are mapped and cloned. in mice. stress caused by the 24 water- management, and is also proving to • These are tested to see which ones • Mice were ‘stress-loaded’ then immersion stress they used to ‘stress- be so potentially usefully with given a sandalwood inhalation 90 load’ the mice. would produced the desired conditions such as cancer, the compounds. min before being evaluated. • Mice were given sandalwood scientific community has come up • Mice showed significant anxiolytic inhalations before water immersion. with ways to biosynthesize the • These genes are then ‘metabolically effects from the sandalwood • The anxiolytic was demonstrated sandalwood constituents they have engineered’ with these cloned inhalation. even after 24 hours. deemed to be significant. genes so their cellular metabolism • However, no anxiolytic effects were would produced the desired seen from inhalations in non stressed sandalwood compounds for mice. harvest.

SANDALWOOD ENERGETICS SANDALWOOD ENERGETICS

• Energetics: Cool and moist • Base chakra • Elements: Earth and Water • Peaceful contemplation, zen, non- • Clearing and cooling to damp, hot being, non-action conditions in the body • Spiritual crossing - transforming • Especially the lungs/throat and the • Calms the intellect’s unending drive lower jiao and churning (soothe earth) • Hot UTI, diarrhea that leaves burning • Grounds uprooted kidneys (water), sensation a hot agitated mind that is • Chest congestion that causes panicking or leads to panic painful cough • Calms the Shen (spirit) TFS Kingston Rest plantation, North Photo: http://www.allmyanmar.com/sandalwood- Australia. Photo: TFS carvings.htm

SANDALWOOD APPLICATIONS SANDALWOOD APPLICATIONS FORMULAS FORMULAS

• Eczema / psoriasis spray or wash • This can also be used for various • Chemopreventative Blend • Interesting that all of these oils that other rashes. show promise as • 4 oz of apple cider vinegar • Frankincense (1) – metal and earth chemopreventative agents are also • 2 oz of rose hydrosol • Scalp irritations • Myrrh (2) – metal and earth supportive of the earth element. • 2 oz of neroli hydrosol • Burns, sunburn • Lemon (3) – earth and fire • When there is a growth out of • Sandalwood (1) – earth and water control, supporting the earth • 25 drops sandalwood EO • Safe for children element function of transportation • Vetiver (1) - earth and transformation makes sense. • Shake well before each use. • Transporting out something not • Store in refrigerator beneficial for the body. • Spray or wash affected areas 2 x • Transforming something into a daily for up to 10 days. beneficial energy for the body.

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SANDALWOOD PERSONALITY JASMINE PROFILE

• Aroma

• Visceral

• Movement / Shape

• Emotional

• Physical

• Taste

• Association

PHYTOCHEMISTRY JASMINE

JASMINE Jasmine Phytochemistry

• Bezyl acetate (ester) 22% Jasminum grandiflorum Physiological • Benzyl benzoate +phytol (ester) 24% • Phytol acetate (ester) 10% • Antidepressant • Jasmone lactone +isophytol 10% • Sexual tonic • Linalool (alcohol) 6% • Uterine tonic / parturient • Methyl jasmonate 3% • Eases mental trauma • Indole 2% • Anxiolytic • Jasmone 2% • Antiseptic • Methyl anthranilate 2% • Antispasmodic • Eugenol 1.5% • Yang qualities, can be sedative or • Farnesene 1.5% gentle stimulant

JASMINE PHYTOCHEMISTRY JAMSINE PHYTOCHEMISTRY

Phytol and isophytol farnesene • Acyclic diterpene alcohol Sesquiterpenes that occur as a group • Intermediate in production of of isomers chlorophyll and carotenoids. Used as signaling pheromones by • Anti-tumor, anti-inflammatory, anti- several species of plants and insects. oxidant, anti-nociceptive Neuroprotective, anti-oxidant

Photo: rdchemicals.com

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JASMINE HARVESTING/ JASMINE PHYTOCHEMISTRY PRODUCTION

• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v Indole =Du-7GQYqLXs organic jasmine fields in southern India • Intermediate in tryptophan • https://www.youtube.com/watch?v production via anthranilate. =jDc2wPA7ANA jasmine absolute • Synthesized indole is a key production in India component in synthetic jasmine. • It is being studied for its anti-cancer properties, anti-tumor, and antioxidant properties.

Photo: harvest in India, Christopher McMahon

JASMINE RESEARCH JASMINE RESEARCH

• Pilot study in India looked into the • Another study found similar effects of jasmine EO on anxiety anxiolytic results with rats using daily disorder. inhalations of such essential oils as • 30 patients were asked to inhale jasmine and sandalwood. jasmine essential oil for 5 min. daily for 10 days. • Other in vitro studies have shown good antibacterial and antifungal • Patients were assessed based on activity against several strains. the Hamilton's Anxiety Rating Scale before and after intervention. • Some components of jasmine • Huge statistical difference P.000 essential oil are being studied for anti-Hep. B activity. • The average pretest score was 25.00 and post test it was reduced • Particularly in blocking replication. to 9.97. Photo: harvest in www.cnaol.net Photo: Plants.usda.gov

JASMINE ENERGETICS JASMINE ENERGETICS

• Energetics: Neutral / balanced • Jasmine is primarily effective for • Elements: Fire and Water working with the urogenital organs. • This oil can be used for both hot • A potent aphrodisiac, it is an and cold, excess or deficiency excellent sexual tonic. conditions. • Here you see a warming, tonifying • I have found it to be mildly effect. Counteracting frigidity or stimulating, awakening the senses, impotence or infertility. sensuality, releasing tension, uplifting • Helps with genital discharges, the mood. leucorrhea. • Jasmine helps alleviate fear. • Jasmine’s aphrodisiac action works on both a physical and emotional • Strong effects on emotions. level.

Photo: Grasse, FR. www.heartofprovence tours.com Photo: Grasse, FR. www.fragrantica.com

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JASMINE ENERGETICS JASMINE APPLICATIONS

• Jasmine is a known parturient, being FORMULAS one of the most used essential oils during birth. • This pattern can be caused by many circumstances beyond • It is recommended to use jasmine opiate abuse. over the abdomen and low back to • When there is a chronic pain/ help relieve pain and increase imbalance pattern in place, the contraction strength. cycle the person/body goes • However, jasmine’s best benefit through to deal with this can generate a similar cycle and is may be via psychological support fueled by the person’s own energy. during labor. Easing fear and trauma, helping infuse sweetness • Hormonal, emotional trauma, injury, and joy back into the birth. mood disorders. • This cycle perpetuates the pain, • Jasmine has been reported to both driving stagnation deeper. increase and decrease milk supply. Photo: jasmine sambac, China. Guangzhou New Sino Biotech Co., Ltd.

JASMINE APPLICATIONS JASMINE APPLICATIONS FORMULAS FORMULAS

• Nourish Kidney Yin • Nourish Kidney Yang • Nourish kidney yin and yang • Sexual Tonic / Grounding • Lemon (2) • Rosemary (3) • Rosemary (2) - fire • Clary Sage, Frankincense, Vetiver, • Geranium (2) • Jasmine (2) • Geranium (2) – earth and water (Jasmine) • Jasmine (1) • Cedarwood ( 2) • Jasmine (1) – fire and water • Frankincense (1) – metal and earth • Vetiver (1) • Thyme (1) or (.5) • Vetiver (1) - earth • Jasmine (2) – fire and water • Clary Sage (2) – metal and wood • Vetiver – (1) – earth • Could also use Clary Sage in this • Basil EO also nourishes Kidney Yang blend • Could use Sandalwood instead of Vetiver here

JASMINE APPLICATIONS JASMINE PERSONALITY PROFILE FORMULAS • Labor Blend • 2 oz blend 5% dilution • 5ml neat • 15 drops neroli • 25 drops neroli • 12 drops rose • 20 drops rose • 12 drops clary sage • 20 drops clary sage • 12 drops geranium or lavender • 20 drops geranium or lavender • 10 drops myrrh, or sandalwood, or • 15 drops myrrh or sandalwood or patchouli patchouli • 5 drops jasmine • 10 drops jasmine • 5 drops ylang ylang sub lemon • 10 drops ylang ylang or lemon • Fill rest of bottle with base oil

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JASMINE PERSONALITY PROFILE TO CONSIDER WHEN BLENDING

• Aesthetic and therapeutic value • Psychological and spiritual approach • Five Elements approach/aspect to balancing the blend • Physiological approach to choosing and blending • Intuitive wisdom

TO CONSIDER WHEN BLENDING - BLENDING/FORMULATION SAFETY

• Oral doses • Top note – 20 to 30 % • Choose an essential oil that is • Middle note – 40 to 80% representative of the client • Duration • Base note – 10 to 25% • Also choose an oil that balances the client or gives what is lacking • Skin Patch Testing

• Inhalation

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