Mesoamerican Civilization Before the Europeans 23000
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Barbara and Dennis Tedlock
BREAKING THE MAYA CODE Transcript of filmed interview Complete interview transcripts at www.nightfirefilms.org BARBARA AND DENNIS TEDLOCK Interviewed February 11-12 2005 in the weaving workshop of Angel Xiloj, Momostenango, Guatemala BARBARA TEDLOCK is an anthropologist and ethnographer whose work has focused on the Zuni of the American Southwest and the Maya of Highland Guatemala. She is the author of The Beautiful and the Dangerous: Encounters with the Zuni Indians, Time and the Highland Maya, and The Woman in the Shaman’s Body. DENNIS TEDLOCK has devoted his career as a poet, translator and anthropologist to the understanding and dissemination of native American literature. He is the author of the Finding the Center: the Art of the Zuni Storyteller, Breath on the Mirror: Mythic Voices and Visions of the Living Maya and numerous other books, and is translator and editor of Popol Vuh: The Mayan Book of the Dawn of Life. The Tedlocks teach at the State University of New York at Buffalo, where Barbara is Distinguished Professor of Anthropology and Dennis is the McNulty Professor of English and Research Professor of Anthropology. In this interview, the Tedlocks discuss: The creation and preservation of texts in the Maya region after the Spanish Conquest The Popol Vuh The Rabinal Achi dance drama The 260 day Tzolkin calendar The role of the daykeeper in a Highland Maya community The religious and political structure of the town of Momostenango The ceremonial day Wajxaqib Batz The importance of books for the modern Maya The role -
Early Mesoamerican Civilizations
2 Early Mesoamerican Civilizations MAIN IDEA WHY IT MATTERS NOW TERMS & NAMES CULTURAL INTERACTION The Later American civilizations • Mesoamerica • Zapotec Olmec created the Americas’ relied on the technology and • Olmec • Monte first civilization, which in turn achievements of earlier cultures Albán influenced later civilizations. to make advances. SETTING THE STAGE The story of developed civilizations in the Americas begins in a region called Mesoamerica. (See map on opposite page.) This area stretches south from central Mexico to northern Honduras. It was here, more than 3,000 years ago, that the first complex societies in the Americas arose. TAKING NOTES The Olmec Comparing Use a Mesoamerica’s first known civilization builders were a people known as the Venn diagram to compare Olmec and Olmec. They began carving out a society around 1200 B.C. in the jungles of south- Zapotec cultures. ern Mexico. The Olmec influenced neighboring groups, as well as the later civi- lizations of the region. They often are called Mesoamerica’s “mother culture.” The Rise of Olmec Civilization Around 1860, a worker clearing a field in the Olmec hot coastal plain of southeastern Mexico uncovered an extraordinary stone sculp- both ture. It stood five feet tall and weighed an estimated eight tons. The sculpture Zapotec was of an enormous head, wearing a headpiece. (See History Through Art, pages 244–245.) The head was carved in a strikingly realistic style, with thick lips, a flat nose, and large oval eyes. Archaeologists had never seen anything like it in the Americas. This head, along with others that were discovered later, was a remnant of the Olmec civilization. -
Muigel Leon Portilla Y La Interpretacion Del Mito En
Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo Instituto de Investigaciones Históricas Maestría en Historia (Opción Historia de México) Miguel León-Portilla y la interpretación del mito en las ediciones mexicanas de La filosofía náhuatl estudiada en sus fuentes. 1956-2006 Un análisis historiográfico. Tesis Que para optar por el grado de Maestro en Historia (Opción Historia de México) Presenta Cruz Alberto González Díaz Director de Tesis: Dr. Gerardo Sánchez Díaz Morelia, Michoacán, México. Junio 2011. UNIVERSIDAD MICHOACANA DE SAN NICOLÁS DE HIDALGO INSTITUTO DE INVESTIGACIONES HISTÓRICAS MAESTRÍA EN HISTORIA (OPCIÓN HISTORIA DE MÉXICO) MIGUEL LEÓN-PORTILLA Y LA INTERPRETACIÓN DEL MITO EN LAS EDICIONES MEXICANAS DE LA FILOSOFÍA NÁHUATL ESTUDIADA EN SUS FUENTES. 1956-2006. UN ANÁLISIS HISTORIOGRÁFICO (Línea de investigación: Historiografía Mexicana y Teoría de la Historia) POR CRUZ ALBERTO GONZÁLEZ DÍAZ DIRECTOR: DR. GERARDO SÁNCHEZ DÍAZ MORELIA, MICHOACÁN. MAYO 2011 Para Álvaro Ochoa Serrano, Cuyas Palabras Nunca Muestran la Totalidad del Camino… Sólo Poseen La Bondad Necesaria Para No Dejarte Solo En Medio De La Oscuridad Quiero una imprevisible historia como lo es el curso de nuestras mortales vidas… susceptible de sorpresas y accidentes, de venturas y desventuras… una historia de atrevidos vuelos y siempre en vilo como nuestro amores… Edmundo O’ Gorman, Fantasmas en la narrativa historiográfica. ÍNDICE PROEMIO, 7 AGRADECIMIENTOS, 10 INTRODUCCIÓN, 12 Justificación, 12 Balance historiográfico, 18 Apreciaciones generales sobre el historiador Miguel León-Portilla y su obra, 19 Características de su obra, 21 Influencias historiográficas, filosóficas y dramatúrgicas, 28 Valoración sobre los métodos y procedimientos, 29 Percepción sobre los resultados e interpretaciones ofrecidas, 33 El planteamiento del problema, 46 Preguntas de investigación, 50 Hipótesis, 51 Marco teórico y propuesta metodológica, 52 Estructura de la investigación, 52 CAPÍTULO UNO. -
Pre-Columbian Agriculture in Mexico Carol J
Pre-Columbian Agriculture in Mexico Carol J. Lange, SCSC 621, International Agricultural Research Centers- Mexico, Study Abroad, Department of Soil and Crop Sciences, Texas A&M University Introduction The term pre-Columbian refers to the cultures of the Americas in the time before significant European influence. While technically referring to the era before Christopher Columbus, in practice the term usually includes indigenous cultures as they continued to develop until they were conquered or significantly influenced by Europeans, even if this happened decades or even centuries after Columbus first landed in 1492. Pre-Columbian is used especially often in discussions of the great indigenous civilizations of the Americas, such as those of Mesoamerica. Pre-Columbian civilizations independently established during this era are characterized by hallmarks which included permanent or urban settlements, agriculture, civic and monumental architecture, and complex societal hierarchies. Many of these civilizations had long ceased to function by the time of the first permanent European arrivals (c. late fifteenth-early sixteenth centuries), and are known only through archaeological evidence. Others were contemporary with this period, and are also known from historical accounts of the time. A few, such as the Maya, had their own written records. However, most Europeans of the time largely viewed such text as heretical and few survived Christian pyres. Only a few hidden documents remain today, leaving us a mere glimpse of ancient culture and knowledge. Agricultural Development Early inhabitants of the Americas developed agriculture, breeding maize (corn) from ears 2-5 cm in length to perhaps 10-15 cm in length. Potatoes, tomatoes, pumpkins, and avocados were among other plants grown by natives. -
UCLA Electronic Theses and Dissertations
UCLA UCLA Electronic Theses and Dissertations Title A History of Guelaguetza in Zapotec Communities of the Central Valleys of Oaxaca, 16th Century to the Present Permalink https://escholarship.org/uc/item/7tv1p1rr Author Flores-Marcial, Xochitl Marina Publication Date 2015 Peer reviewed|Thesis/dissertation eScholarship.org Powered by the California Digital Library University of California UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA Los Angeles A History of Guelaguetza in Zapotec Communities of the Central Valleys of Oaxaca, 16th Century to the Present A dissertation submitted in partial satisfaction of the requirements for the degree Doctor of Philosophy in History by Xóchitl Marina Flores-Marcial 2015 © Copyright by Xóchitl Marina Flores-Marcial 2015 ABSTRACT OF THE DISSERTATION A History of Guelaguetza in Zapotec Communities of the Central Valleys of Oaxaca, 16th Century to the Present by Xóchitl Marina Flores-Marcial Doctor of Philosophy in History University of California, Los Angeles, 2015 Professor Kevin B. Terraciano, Chair My project traces the evolution of the Zapotec cultural practice of guelaguetza, an indigenous sharing system of collaboration and exchange in Mexico, from pre-Columbian and colonial times to the present. Ironically, the term "guelaguetza" was appropriated by the Mexican government in the twentieth century to promote an annual dance festival in the city of Oaxaca that has little to do with the actual meaning of the indigenous tradition. My analysis of Zapotec-language alphabetic sources from the Central Valley of Oaxaca, written from the sixteenth to the eighteenth centuries, reveals that Zapotecs actively participated in the sharing system during this long period of transformation. My project demonstrates that the Zapotec sharing economy functioned to build and reinforce social networks among households in Zapotec communities. -
Storytelling and Cultural Control in Contemporary Mexican and Yukatek Maya Texts
Telling and Being Told: Storytelling and Cultural Control in Contemporary Mexican and Yukatek Maya Texts Paul Marcus Worley A dissertation submitted to the faculty of the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the Department of English and Comparative Literature. Chapel Hill 2009 Approved by: Dr. Rosa Perelmuter Dr. Emilio del Valle Escalante Dr. Gregory Flaxman Dr. David Mora-Marín Dr. Jurgen Buchenau Abstract Paul Worley Telling and Being Told: Storytelling and Cultural Control in Contemporary Mexican and Yukatek Maya Texts (Under the director of Rosa Perelmuter) All across Latin America, from the Zapatista uprising in Chiapas, Mexico to the presidential election of Evo Morales, an Aymara, in Bolivia, indigenous peoples are successfully rearticulating their roles as political actors within their respective states. The reconfiguration of these relationships involves massive social, cultural, and historical projects as well, as indigenous peoples seek to contest stereotypes that have been integral to the region’s popular imagination for over five hundred years. This dissertation examines the image of the indigenous storyteller in contemporary Mexican and Yukatek Maya literatures. Within such a context, Yukatek Maya literature means and must be understood to encompass written and oral texts. The opening chapter provides a theoretical framework for my discussion of the storyteller in Mexican and Yukatek Maya literatures. Chapter 2 undertakes a comparison between the Mexican feminist Laura Esquivel’s novel Malinche and the Yukatek Maya Armando Dzul Ek’s play “How it happened that the people of Maní paid for their sins in the year 1562” to see how each writer employs the figure of the storyteller to rewrite histories of Mexico’s conquest. -
Ellen Hoobler Primary Source Materials on Oaxacan Zapotec Urns
FAMSI © 2008: Ellen Hoobler Primary Source Materials on Oaxacan Zapotec Urns from Monte Albán: A New Look at the Fondo Alfonso Caso and other archives in Mexico Research Year: 2007 Culture: Zapotec, Mixtec Chronology: Preclassic - Classic Location: México D.F. and Pachuca, Hildago Site: Various archives at UNAM, MNAH, INAH, etc. Table of Contents Abstract Resumen Introduction Background Objectives Methodology Biographical Information Overview of the Materials Biblioteca "Juan Comas", Instituto Investigaciones Antropológicas Biblioteca Nacional de Antropología e Historia (BNAH) Instituto Nacional Indigenista INAH – Archivo Técnico Photo Collections Other Possible Sources of Information on the Monte Albán Excavations Conclusion Acknowledgements List of Figures Sources Cited Appendix A – Chronology of Alfonso Caso's Life and Career Appendix B – Research Resources Abstract I proposed a two-week trip to review the archival materials of the Fondo Alfonso Caso in Mexico City. Within the Fondo, essentially a repository of the Mexican archaeologist Caso’s papers, I was particularly interested in works relating to his excavations of Zapotec tombs at Monte Albán, in the modern-day state of Oaxaca, in México. The Fondo’s collection is distributed among three locations in Mexico City, at the Biblioteca Nacional de Antropología e Historia (BNAH), housed in the Museo Nacional de Antropología e Historia; at the Instituto de Investigaciones Antropológicas (IIA) of the National Autonomous University of Mexico (UNAM); and at the former Instituto Nacional Indigenista (now Comisión Nacional para el Desarrollo de Pueblos Indígenas, CNDPI). My main goal in reviewing the materials of the Fondo Alfonso Caso was to obtain additional notes and images relating to Caso’s excavations in Monte Albán in the 1930s and ‘40s. -
Chapter Four—Divinity
OUTLINE OF CHAPTER FOUR The Ritual-Architectural Commemoration of Divinity: Contentious Academic Theories but Consentient Supernaturalist Conceptions (Priority II-A).............................................................485 • The Driving Questions: Characteristically Mesoamerican and/or Uniquely Oaxacan Ideas about Supernatural Entities and Life Forces…………..…………...........…….487 • A Two-Block Agenda: The History of Ideas about, then the Ritual-Architectural Expression of, Ancient Zapotec Conceptions of Divinity……………………......….....……...489 I. The History of Ideas about Ancient Zapotec Conceptions of Divinity: Phenomenological versus Social Scientific Approaches to Other Peoples’ God(s)………………....……………495 A. Competing and Complementary Conceptions of Ancient Zapotec Religion: Many Gods, One God and/or No Gods……………………………….....……………500 1. Ancient Oaxacan Polytheism: Greco-Roman Analogies and the Prevailing Presumption of a Pantheon of Personal Gods..................................505 a. Conventional (and Qualified) Views of Polytheism as Belief in Many Gods: Aztec Deities Extrapolated to Oaxaca………..….......506 b. Oaxacan Polytheism Reimagined as “Multiple Experiences of the Sacred”: Ethnographer Miguel Bartolomé’s Contribution……...........514 2. Ancient Oaxacan Monotheism, Monolatry and/or Monistic-Pantheism: Diverse Arguments for Belief in a Supreme Being or Principle……….....…..517 a. Christianity-Derived Pre-Columbian Monotheism: Faith-Based Posits of Quetzalcoatl as Saint Thomas, Apostle of Jesus………........518 b. “Primitive Monotheism,” -
Zapotecs Build Monte Alban the ANCIENT WORLD
Great Events from History The Ancient World Prehistory - 476 C.E. Volume 1 c. 25,000 B.C.E. - 312 B.C.E. Editor Mark W. Chavalas University of Wisconsin-La Crosse Consulting Editors Mark S. Aldenderfer, University of California, Santa Barbara Carole A. Barrett, University of Mary Jeffrey W. Dippmann, Central Washington University Christopher Ehret, University of California, Los Angeles Katherine Anne Harper, Loyola M arymount University SALEM PRESS Pasadena, California Hackensack, New Jersey CONTRIBUTORS Amy Ackerberg-Hastings Nicholas Birns Michael Coronel Independent Scholar New School University University of Northern Colorado Richard Adler Jackie R. Booker Patricia Coronel University of Michigan - Dearborn Claflin University Colorado State University J. M. Adovasio Erica Brindley M. Joseph Costelloe Mercyhurst Archaeological Institute University of California, Creighton University Santa Barbara Mark Aldenderfer Antonio Rafael de la Cova University of California, Ben Brose Rose-Hulman Institute of Technology Santa Barbara Stanford University David A. Crain Emily Alward David L. Browman South Dakota State University Henderson, NV District Libraries Washington University Thomas I. Crimando Earl R. Andresen Kendall W. Brown SUNY College at Brockport University of Texas at Arlington Brigham Young University LouAnn Faris Culley J ames A. Arieti Daniel C. Browning, Jr. Kansas State University Hampden-Sydney College William Carey College John Coleman Darnell Mary Pat Balkus Jeffrey L. Buller Yale University Radford University Mary Baldwin College Frank Day Carl L. Bankston III Joseph P. Byrne Clemson University Tulane University Belmont University Rene M. Descartes Maryanne Barsotti Jack Carter SUNY, Cobleskill Independent Scholar University of New Orleans M. Casey Diana Rozmeri Basic Cherie C. Castillo University of Illinois at Urbana University of Oklahoma University of Wisconsin-Fox Valley Champaign Barbara C. -
(Three-Part) Structure of a Paper Or Book on Monte Alban
OUTLINE OF CHAPTER TWO Ignacio Bernal’s Affirmation of Intercultural Admixing: Monte Albán as a Microcosm of Mesoamerica and Model for Modern Mexico……….….140 I. From Alfonso Caso to Ignacio Bernal: Major Similarities and Significant Differences……….……………………………………………………………143 II. A Guiding Narrative Theme: Mexican National Identity and the Fortuitous Consequences of Intercultural Admixing………...………………………….....146 A. Ancient Peoples as Modern Models: Appealing Pre-Columbians, Ambiguous Religious Piety and Advantageous “Cultural Fusion”………………..147 B. Archaeological Syntheses and/or Museum Displays: Composing and Extracting a Five-Stage, Six-Actor Story of Monte Albán……………………151 III. The Sequence of Events: Ignacio Bernal’s Historical (Re)construction…………………..157 A. The Valley of Oaxaca in Advance of Monte Albán: A Distinctive, Independent and Sturdy Cultural Presence………………………………………..157 B. Period I: The Early Ascent of Monte Albán: Indigenous Oaxacan Founders and Olmecoid Influences………………………………………………..160 1. An Absence of Small Beginnings: The Monte Albán Origins of Writing, Calendrics and Monumental Architecture…………………….161 2. Mitigating the Mother Role of Olmecs: Oaxacan Autonomy from and Indebtedness to Gulf Coast Peoples….………………………….163 C. Period II: The Continuing Ascent of Monte Albán: A Combination of Oaxacan Receptivity and Mayanoid Stimulation……………………………….168 1. Popular Continuity and Elite Innovation: An Emphasis on Religious, Artistic and Architectural Elaboration, not Military Prowess……………..169 2. Oaxacan Resilience and Receptivity: Cooperative not Coercive Intercultural Exchange……………………………………………………..171 D. Period IIIA: Early Classic Monte Albán: Teotihuacan Influences and the Origins of Zapotec Culture…………………………………………………….175 1. “Cultural Fusion” Par Excellence: From Four-Party Conglomerate to the Birth of a Distinctive Zapotec Culture………………………………176 2. The Teotihuacan and Monte Albán Relationship: Continuing Oaxaca Autonomy and Receptivity………………………………………..178 E. -
Thesis Architectural Patterning
THESIS ARCHITECTURAL PATTERNING IN THE PUREPECHA HEARTLAND: AN INTRASITE SETTLEMENT STUDY AT THE URBAN CENTER OF SACAPU ANGAMUCO, MICHOACÁN, MÉXICO Submitted By Jason W. Bush Department of Anthropology In partial fulfillment of the requirements For the Degree of Master of Arts Colorado State University Spring 2012 Master’s Committee: Advisor: Christopher Fisher Mary Van Buren Melinda Laituri Copyright by Jason W. Bush 2011 All Rights Reserved ABSTRACT ARCHITECTURAL PATTERNING IN THE PURÉPECHA HEARTLAND: AN INTRASITE SETTLEMENT STUDY AT THE URBAN CENTER OF SACAPU ANGAMUCO, MICHOACÁN, MÉXICO The overall goal of this thesis is to examine the architectural patterns of Sacapu Angamuco (Angamuco), a recently discovered Early-Middle Postclassic (A.D. 900-1350) urban settlement in the Lake Pátzcuaro Basin (LPB), Michoacán, Mexico that is located on an ancient lava flow, or malpais, and was extensively modified by prehispanic inhabitants to construct thousands of structures such as platforms, mounds, plazas, passages, stairs, and temples. Central to this thesis is how prehispanic residents of Angamuco organized their buildings and social space. The study of architectural remains is one critical component of ancient urbanism which is fundamental to Mesoamerican societies. Angamuco provides a rich opportunity to understand urbanism in the LPB. Understanding the spatial context of buildings and how they are grouped in functionally discernable ways is crucial to interpreting the internal function(s) of the settlement, as well as contributing to regional settlement pattern analyses. This thesis incorporates intensive survey using GPS, GIS, and remote sensing to document architecture and analyze the spatial patterns of architecture at Angamuco using ii data from the 2010 field season. -
On the External Relations of Purepecha: an Investigation Into Classification, Contact and Patterns of Word Formation Kate Bellamy
On the external relations of Purepecha: An investigation into classification, contact and patterns of word formation Kate Bellamy To cite this version: Kate Bellamy. On the external relations of Purepecha: An investigation into classification, contact and patterns of word formation. Linguistics. Leiden University, 2018. English. tel-03280941 HAL Id: tel-03280941 https://halshs.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-03280941 Submitted on 7 Jul 2021 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. Cover Page The handle http://hdl.handle.net/1887/61624 holds various files of this Leiden University dissertation. Author: Bellamy, K.R. Title: On the external relations of Purepecha : an investigation into classification, contact and patterns of word formation Issue Date: 2018-04-26 On the external relations of Purepecha An investigation into classification, contact and patterns of word formation Published by LOT Telephone: +31 30 253 6111 Trans 10 3512 JK Utrecht Email: [email protected] The Netherlands http://www.lotschool.nl Cover illustration: Kate Bellamy. ISBN: 978-94-6093-282-3 NUR 616 Copyright © 2018: Kate Bellamy. All rights reserved. On the external relations of Purepecha An investigation into classification, contact and patterns of word formation PROEFSCHRIFT te verkrijging van de graad van Doctor aan de Universiteit Leiden, op gezag van de Rector Magnificus prof.