DOCSLIB.ORG

Universid Ade De Sã O Pa

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Universid Ade De Sã O Pa Using complex networks to analyze the Brazilian Chamber of Deputies Ana Caroline Medeiros Brito Dissertação de Mestrado do Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências de Computação e Matemática Computacional (PPG-CCMC) UNIVERSIDADE DE SÃO PAULO DE SÃO UNIVERSIDADE Instituto de Ciências Matemáticas e de Computação Instituto Matemáticas de Ciências SERVIÇO DE PÓS-GRADUAÇÃO DO ICMC-USP Data de Depósito: Assinatura: ______________________ Ana Caroline Medeiros Brito Using complex networks to analyze the Brazilian Chamber of Deputies Master dissertation submitted to the Institute of Mathematics and Computer Sciences – ICMC-USP, in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of the Master Program in Computer Science and Computational Mathematics. FINAL VERSION Concentration Area: Computer Science and Computational Mathematics Advisor: Prof. Dr. Diego Raphael Amancio USP – São Carlos October 2020 Ana Caroline Medeiros Brito Usando redes complexas para analisar a Câmara dos deputados brasileira Dissertação apresentada ao Instituto de Ciências Matemáticas e de Computação – ICMC-USP, como parte dos requisitos para obtenção do título de Mestra em Ciências – Ciências de Computação e Matemática Computacional. VERSÃO REVISADA Área de Concentração: Ciências de Computação e Matemática Computacional Orientador: Prof. Dr. Diego Raphael Amancio USP – São Carlos Outubro de 2020 Aos meus pais, Edilene e Brito, que, apesar da distância, sempre se fizeram presentes. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS Gostaria de agradecer aos meus pais, que sempre estiveram dispostos a me escutar e me guiar quando tudo parecia confuso. Vocês são minha base e minha fonte de inspiração para continuar buscando meus sonhos. Sou eternamente grata por tudo que fizeram por mim até hoje. Agradeço também ao meu orientador, professor Diego, por todos os ensinamentos e todas as oportunidades oferecidas. A Filipi Nascimento e ao professor Luciano Costa, que também me orientaram com cuidado durante esse mestrado. A Henrique Arruda, por ser sempre paciente comigo e tirar minhas dúvidas de iniciante. Aos demais colegas que conheci em minhas visitas ao IFSC, sempre atenciosos e bem humorados. Aos colegas do NILC, em especial, Ana Carolina, Edresson Casanova, Henrico Brum, João Paulo, Jorge Valverde, Laura Cruz, Márcio Lima, Marco Cabezudo, Rafael Anchieta, Rafael Mineiro, Raphael, Renata Ramish, Rogério Figueredo, Roney Lira, Sidney Leal e Xiana. Obrigada por terem me acolhido tão bem. Saudades das nossas conversas acompanhadas de bolos, pavês, churros e doces peruanos. Ir ao laboratório se tornou divertido. Aos amigos da graduação, que continuam me acompanhando mesmo agora que estamos trilhando caminhos distintos, Esther Bárbara, Fernanda Isabel, João Pedro Holanda, Karyd’ja Souza, Lucas Torres, Luís Claúdio, Luis Tertulino, Luísa Rocha, Raquel Oliveira, Pitágoras Alves, Priscila Bessa e Ronaldo Figueiredo. Aos meus amigos, Morena Gil, Luan Lêdo e Sofia Aravanis. Guardo muito carinho e amor por vocês desde o Ensino Médio. Apesar da distância, sempre que nos reencontramos é como se nada tivesse mudado. Ao meu primo e amigo, Elton Cardoso, por todas as conversas e todos os cafés que tornaram a quarentena mais suportável. Obrigada por ter revisado esse manuscrito, mesmo não sendo sobre sua área de pesquisa. Ao meu amigo e companheiro, Luan Martins. Sou muito grata por todo carinho e paciência que teve comigo até hoje. Sem dúvidas, você foi uma pessoa muito importante ao longo desses dois anos e sou feliz por ter compartilhado todos esses dias contigo. Finalmente, gostaria de agradecer ao ICMC. A toda equipe de profissionais incríveis e atenciosos, sempre prontos para atender bem os alunos. O presente trabalho foi realizado com apoio da Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - Brasil (CAPES) - Código de Financiamento 001. “Há um tempo em que é preciso abandonar as roupas usadas, que já tem a forma do nosso corpo, e esquecer os nossos caminhos, que nos levam sempre aos mesmos lugares. É o tempo da travessia: e, se não ousarmos fazê-la, teremos ficado, para sempre, à margem de nós mesmos.” (Fernando Pessoa) RESUMO BRITO, A. C. M. Usando redes complexas para analisar a Câmara dos deputados brasi- leira. 2020. 69 p. Dissertação (Mestrado em Ciências – Ciências de Computação e Matemática Computacional) – Instituto de Ciências Matemáticas e de Computação, Universidade de São Paulo, São Carlos – SP, 2020. Redes complexas são amplamente utilizadas para modelar indivíduos e suas interações sociais. Neste trabalho, utilizamos essa representação para investigar dados de votações de legisladores brasileiros na Câmara dos Deputados (1991 a 2019). Ao gerarmos redes de deputados como vértices conectados pela similaridade de seus comportamentos votando proposições, desejamos caracterizar o comportamento de entidades políticas: coesão de partidos políticos, coalizões e suas dinâmicas de formação e dissolução. Para esse fim, definimos um framework que consiste em procedimentos para a geração das redes de votação por ano e por janelas sobrepostas de três meses; remoção de arestas pouco significativas; identificação de comunidades; e definição das medidas de isolamento e fragmentação para caracterização de grupos. A análise das redes anuais possibilitou uma visão mais geral do cenário político brasileiro. As redes mais recentes parecem menos coesas do que as mais antigas, indicando que os deputados estão, em geral, concordando menos entre si. As comunidades identificadas tendem a corresponder às estruturas de coalizão entre partidos. Além disso, o número efetivo de comunidades revela que há poucos grupos em relação a ampla quantidade de partidos políticos existentes no sistema brasileiro. A caracterização dos partidos políticos com o uso das medidas topológicas revelou alguns fenômenos interessantes, como mudanças de coalizão associadas a mudanças de mandato. A análise detalhada dos meses antes, durante e depois do impeachment de Dilma Rousseff revelou que ela não tinha apoio da Câmara dos Deputados bem antes de deixar seu cargo. Palavras-chave: Redes complexas; Redes complexas sociais; Ciência política; partidos políticos brasileiros. ABSTRACT BRITO, A. C. M. Using complex networks to analyze the Brazilian Chamber of Deputies. 2020. 69 p. Dissertação (Mestrado em Ciências – Ciências de Computação e Matemática Computacional) – Instituto de Ciências Matemáticas e de Computação, Universidade de São Paulo, São Carlos – SP, 2020. Complex networks are widely used to model individuals and their social interactions. In this research project, we use this representation to explore the voting data of Brazilian legislators of the Chamber of Deputies (from 1991 to 2019). When generating co-voting networks consisting of deputies as nodes connected by their similarity in their voting propositions behaviors, we aim to characterize political entities’ behavior: political parties’ cohesion, coalitions and their dynamics of emergence and dissolution. To this end, we defined a framework consisting of procedures in order to generate co-voting networks by year and, alternatively, by overlapping windows of three months; removal of less meaningful edges; communities identification; and the definition of isolation and fragmentation measures for groups characterization. The yearly networks analysis allows an overview of the Brazilian political scenario. For example, the most recent networks seem less cohesive than those in the early years, indicating that the deputies are overall in less agreement. The identified communities tend to represent the coalitions established among political parties. Furthermore, the effective number of communities reveals that there are few groups in comparison to the wide number of political parties in the Brazilian system. The characterization of these groups by using topological measures, revealed some interesting phenomenons, such as coalitions changes correlated with terms changes. The detailed analysis of the months before, during, and after the Rousseff’s impeachment revealed that she did not have support of the Chamber of Deputies months before she left office. Keywords: Complex networks; Social complex networks; Political science; Brazilian political parties. LIST OF FIGURES Figure 1 – Four network models are presented. The darker the color, the higher the vertex degree. ................................. 25 Figure 2 – Disparity filter example. In (a), there is the original weighted network. In (b), there is the ai j values calculated following the Equation 2.7. When a is set to 0.8, the dashed lines are edges removed................. 29 Figure 3 – Number of propositions by year. ....................... 36 Figure 4 – Radar map view of the Brazilian political parties. .............. 41 Figure 5 – Number of seats distributed among political parties in the Chamber of Deputies changing over the years........................ 52 Figure 6 – Average shortest path lengths over the years. The values ranges approximately between 2 and 5................................. 52 Figure 7 – Comparison between the modularity values of the communities and the political parties................................. 53 Figure 8 – NMI between communities and political parties................ 53 Figure 9 – Comparison between diversity and size of the communities and political parties partitions. ............................... 54 Figure 10 – Visualization of the co-voting networks evolving over time.......... 55 Figure 11 – Average shortest path length between a political party and all the others. The background color indicates
Load more

Recommended publications
  • By U JUN 251997
    Shattered Power, Reconstructed Coalitions: An Analysis of Rural Labor Unions in Maranhio, Brazil by Monica F. Pinhanez Bachelor of Laws, Pontifical Catholic University, 1987 Master of Public Administration, Getnlio Vargas Foundation, 1995 SUBMITTED TO THE DEPARTMENT OF URBAN STUDIES AND PLANNING IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF MASTER IN CITY PLANNING AT THE MASSACHUSETTS INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY JUNE 1997 0 1997 Monica F. Pinhanez. All rights reserved. The author hereby grants to MIT permission to reproduce and to distribute publicly paper and electronic copies of this thesis document in whole or in part. Signature of Author: U epartment of Urban 5thdies and Planning May 22, 1997 Certified by: Judith Tendler Professor of Political Economy Thesis Advisor Accepted by: Mark Schuster Associate Professor of Urban Studies and Planning Chair, Master in City Planning Committee JUN 251997 Shattered Power, Reconstructed Coalitions: An Analysis of Rural Labor Unions in Maranhilo, Brazil by Monica F. Pinhanez Submitted to the Department of Urban Studies and Planning on May 22, 1997 in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Master of City Planning ABSTRACT During the dictatorship (1964-1985), the authoritarian political system enforced the organization of the labor movement by law in Brazil. The government aimed at keeping control of workers' organization by establishing the monopoly of their representation, centralizing control, and imposing a uniform labor structure. One prevalent argument in the literature is that this corporatist and monopolistic union structure would lead unions to be less democratic and less organized. Contrary to this mainstream thought, I found evidence that in spite of the corporatist and monopolistic regime, rural labor unions differed from each other and represented workers successfully in the state of Maranhio, Brazil, because there has been competition among unions and non-union organizations for the union leadership.
    [Show full text]
  • Front Matter
    Cambridge University Press 978-0-521-73300-7 - The Transformation of the Workers’ Party in Brazil, 1989-2009 Wendy Hunter Frontmatter More information The Transformation of the Workers’ Party in Brazil, 1989–2009 Drawing on historical institutionalism and strategic frameworks, this book analyzes the evolution of the Workers’ Party between 1989,the year of Lula’s first presidential bid, and 2009, when his second presi- dential term entered its final stretch. The book’s primary purpose is to understand why and how the once-radical Partido dos Trabalhadores (PT) moderated the programmatic positions it endorsed and adopted other aspects of a more catchall electoral strategy, thereby increasing its electoral appeal. At the same time, the book seeks to shed light on why some of the PT’s distinctive normative commitments and orga- nizational practices have endured in the face of adaptations aimed at expanding the party’s vote share. The conclusion asks whether, in the face of these changes and continuities, the PT can still be considered a mass organized party of the left. Wendy Hunter is Associate Professor of Government at the University of Texas, Austin. Her early work focused on Latin American mili- taries during the transition from authoritarian rule. A second phase of her research career was devoted to social policy decision making and human capital formation in Latin America. Recently, she has been engaged in understanding the growth and transformation of the Work- ers’ Party in Brazil from 1989 until the present. She is the author of Eroding Military Influence in Brazil, and her articles have appeared in Comparative Politics, Comparative Political Studies, Political Sci- ence Quarterly, American Political Science Review, American Journal of Political Science, Journal of Democracy,andWorld Politics.She earned her doctorate from the University of California at Berkeley.
    [Show full text]
  • Comparative Study of Electoral Systems Module 3
    COMPARATIVE STUDY OF ELECTORAL SYSTEMS - MODULE 3 (2006-2011) CODEBOOK: APPENDICES Original CSES file name: cses2_codebook_part3_appendices.txt (Version: Full Release - December 15, 2015) GESIS Data Archive for the Social Sciences Publication (pdf-version, December 2015) ============================================================================================= COMPARATIVE STUDY OF ELECTORAL SYSTEMS (CSES) - MODULE 3 (2006-2011) CODEBOOK: APPENDICES APPENDIX I: PARTIES AND LEADERS APPENDIX II: PRIMARY ELECTORAL DISTRICTS FULL RELEASE - DECEMBER 15, 2015 VERSION CSES Secretariat www.cses.org =========================================================================== HOW TO CITE THE STUDY: The Comparative Study of Electoral Systems (www.cses.org). CSES MODULE 3 FULL RELEASE [dataset]. December 15, 2015 version. doi:10.7804/cses.module3.2015-12-15 These materials are based on work supported by the American National Science Foundation (www.nsf.gov) under grant numbers SES-0451598 , SES-0817701, and SES-1154687, the GESIS - Leibniz Institute for the Social Sciences, the University of Michigan, in-kind support of participating election studies, the many organizations that sponsor planning meetings and conferences, and the many organizations that fund election studies by CSES collaborators. Any opinions, findings and conclusions, or recommendations expressed in these materials are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views of the funding organizations. =========================================================================== IMPORTANT NOTE REGARDING FULL RELEASES: This dataset and all accompanying documentation is the "Full Release" of CSES Module 3 (2006-2011). Users of the Final Release may wish to monitor the errata for CSES Module 3 on the CSES website, to check for known errors which may impact their analyses. To view errata for CSES Module 3, go to the Data Center on the CSES website, navigate to the CSES Module 3 download page, and click on the Errata link in the gray box to the right of the page.
    [Show full text]
  • Working Paper Series
    165 POLITICAL PARTIES AND DEMOCRATIC CONSOLIDATION: THE BRAZILIAN CASE Bolivar Lamounier (IDESP) and Rachel Meneguello (IDESP) WORKING PAPER SERIES .. \Wf WoooRow WnsoN INTERNATIONAL CENTER FOR ScHoLARS V\VV WASHINGTON, 0C 20004-3027 165 POLITICAL PARTIES AND DEMOCRATIC CONSOLIDATION: THE BRAZILIAN CASE Bolivar Lamounier (IDESP) and Rachel Meneguello (IDESP) Paper prepared for the project "The Role of Political Parties in the Return to Democracy in the Southern Cone," sponsored by the Latin American Program of the Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars, Smithsonian Institution and the World Peace Foundation. Washington, u.c. May 1985 Copyright by Bolivar Lamounier and Rachel Meneguello This essay is one of a series of Working Papers of the Latin American Program of the Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars. The series includes papers by Program Fellows, Guest Scholars, inte~ns, staff and Academic Council, as well as work from Program seminars, workshops, colloquia, and conferences. The series aims to extend the Program's discussions to a wider community throughout the Americas, and to help authors obtain timely criticism of work in progress. Support to make distribution possible has been provided by the Inter-American Development Bank and the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development. Editor: Louis w. Goodman; Assistant to the Editor: Eric L. Palladini, Jr. Single copies of Working Papers may be obtained without charge by writing to: Latin American Program, Working Papers The Wilson Center Smithsonian
    [Show full text]
  • Impeachment, Political Crisis and Democracy in Brazil; Impeachment
    REVISTA DE CIENCIA POLÍTICA / VOLUMEN 37 / N° 2 / 2017 / 281-304 IMPEACHMENT, POLITICAL CRISIS AND DEMOCRACY IN BRAZIL Impeachment, crisis política y democracia en Brasil FELIPE NUNES Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Brasil CARLOS RANULFO MELO Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Brasil ABSTRACT The year 2016 was marked by the deepening of the crisis that interrupted two de- cades of unusual political stability in Brazil. Although it has been the most signifi- cant event, Dilma Rousseff’s impeachment did little to “stop the bleeding,” as was shown by the subsequent arrest of the former president of the Chamber of Depu- ties, Eduardo Cunha (PMDB), and the unfolding of Operation Car Wash (Lava Jato). Besides the economic problems, the Brazilian political system also faced a serious crisis of legitimacy: the main parties were put in check, and a period of uncertainty regarding electoral and partisan competition opened up. In this article, we will re- view the sequence of the events, exploring some of the factors that explain it, and, aware of the fact that we are in the middle of process with an undefined outcome, we would like to take advantage of the opportunity to resume the debate on the performance of Brazilian democracy as well its perspectives. Key words: democracy, presidentialism, political crisis, presidential interruption, Brazil RESUMEN El año 2016 estuvo marcado por la profundización de una crisis que interrumpió dos déca- das de inusual estabilidad política en Brasil. A pesar de ser el acontecimiento político más significativo del año, el enjuiciamiento de Dilma Rousseff hizo poco para detener el “sangra- do,” como lo demostró la posterior detención del ex presidente de la Cámara de Diputados, Eduardo Cunha (PMDB), y el despliegue de la Operación Coche Lavado (LavaJato).
    [Show full text]
  • Women's Political Participation in Egypt
    Women’s Political Participation in Egypt Barriers, opportunities and gender sensitivity of select political institutions July 2018 MENA - OECD Governance Programme ABOUT The OECD The mission of the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) is to promote policies that will improve the economic and social well-being of people around the world. The OECD provides a forum in which governments can work together to share experiences and seek solutions to common problems. We work with governments to understand what drives economic, social and environmental change. The organisation is made up of 37 member countries, a secretariat in Paris, and over 250 committees, working groups and expert groups. We measure productivity and global flows of trade and investment. We analyse and compare data to predict future trends. We set international standards on a wide range of things, from agriculture and tax to gender equality in public life, employment and entrepreneurship. Drawing on facts and real-life experience, we recommend policies designed to improve the quality of people’s lives. We have active contacts as well with civil society organisations. The common thread of our work is a shared commitment to market economies backed by democratic institutions and focused on the wellbeing of all citizens. National Council for Women The National Council for Women (NCW) was established in the year 2000 as an autonomous entity affiliated with the presidency, with the purpose of advancing the status of Egyptian women. The NCW aims to enhance the status of all Egyptian women and to maximize their contribution to the growth and development of Egypt.
    [Show full text]
  • South America List of Political Parties
    Manifesto Project Dataset: South America List of Political Parties [email protected] Website: https://manifesto-project.wzb.eu/ Version 2019b from December 17, 2019 Manifesto Project Dataset: South America - List of Political Parties Version 2019b 1 Coverage of the Dataset including Party Splits and Merges The Manifesto Data Collection: South America covers parliamentary and presidential elections in South America. The following list documents all the parties, candidates and elections contained in the dataset. The list includes the name of the party or (candidate) alliance in the original language and in English, the party/alliance abbreviation, the name of the presidential candidate (if this applies) as well as the corresponding party identification number. In the case of an alliance, it also documents the member parties it comprises. Within the list of alliance members, parties are represented only by their id and abbreviation if they are also part of the general party list. If the composition of an alliance has changed between elections this change is reported as well. If parliamentary and presidential elections occur at roughly the same time (not necessarily on the same date but within a time frame of one or two months) parties and candidates usually run on the same manifesto. In these cases we report the party/alliance that backed a candidate and the candidate’s name. The same information is provided for presidential elections. If a parliamentary election occurred independently from a presidential election we only report parties and alliances but no candidates. Furthermore, the list records renames of parties and alliances. It shows whether a party has split from another party or a number of parties has merged and indicates the name (and the party id if it exists) of this split or merger parties.
    [Show full text]
  • Democracy in Brazil: Origins, Problems, Prospects
    DEMOCRACY IN BRAZIL: ORIGINS, PROBLEMS, PROSPECTS Frances Hagopian and Scott Mainwaring Working Paper #100 - September 1987 Frances Hagopian is an Assistant Professor of Government and of Social Studies at Harvard University. She was a fellow and guest scholar at the Kellogg Institute 1984- 1987. Scott Mainwaring is an Assistant Professor of Government and a member of the Kellogg Institute at the University of Notre Dame. He is the author of The Catholic Church and Politics in Brazil 1916-1985 (Stanford University Press, 1986). The authors wish to thank Caroline Domingo, David Fleischer, Antonio Kandir, Tony Messina, Silvia Raw, and Sherle R. Schwenninger for their generous assistance in preparing this paper. It has also appeared as an article in World Policy Journal, Summer 1987. ABSTRACT This paper analyzes the origins and problems of and prospects for democracy in Brazil. While Brazil has successfully passed from authoritarian to democratic government, it has yet to develop a well-defined and institutionalized democratic regime. Political institutions, particularly the legislature and the political parties, sometimes function a s instruments of authoritarian rule rather than pillars of a democratic order. Many leading politicians of the current government, most notably President José Sarney, loyally served the military regime, and the military retains veto power over key legislation. Most important policy measures do not receive public or party debate, but are decided by bureaucrats in economic and planning ministries or in the central bank. Immense political, economic, and social inequalities persist, and the servicing of an onerous foreign debt constrains possibilities for economic growth and for improving maldistribution of income.
    [Show full text]
  • The Brazilian Workers' Party
    The Brazilian Workers' Party Recent HistoriesIRecent History Stanley A. Gacek Emir Sader, Ken Silverstein, Without Fear of Being Happy: Lula, The Workers' Party and Brazil (New YorkILondon: Verso 1991). Margaret E. Keck, The Workers' Party and Democratization in Brazil (New Haven: Yale University Press 1992). Jorge G. Castaneda, Utopia Unarmed: The Latin American Left After the Cold War (New York: Alfred A. Knopf, Inc. 1993). Charles DeGaulle once made the caustic quip that Brazil "is not a serious country." Unfortunately, this misguided and tragically ignorant remark evinces a prejudice which has not been the exclusive monopoly of the right. Throughout the 198s, much of the North American left virtually ignored a remarkable mass movement for democratic change in Latin America's largest country, focusing almost exclusively on the heroic popular struggles in Central America and Southern Africa. This is most ironic, since the Brazilian Workers' Party (Partido dos Trabalhadores - PT) represents one of the few tangible hopes for a left struggling to define itself in a world which currently denies the validity of any socialist aspiration. Fortunately, there are three recently published works which give the Brazilian Workers' Party the attention that it should have received in North American commentary at least a decade ago. Each work differs widely from the others in its approach and analytic focus. And for this very reason, all three books make an invaluable contribution to the debate and discussion concerning one of the world's most remarkable political movements. The authors of Without Fear of Being Happy (the title is an exact transla- tion of the PT's slogan during Luiz Inicio Lula da Silva's presidential election campaign of 1989 - "Sem Medo De Ser Feliz") are eminently qualified to write a history of the Workers' Party.
    [Show full text]
  • Redalyc.IMPEACHMENT, POLITICAL CRISIS and DEMOCRACY IN
    Revista de Ciencia Política ISSN: 0716-1417 [email protected] Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile Chile NUNES, FELIPE; RANULFO MELO, CARLOS IMPEACHMENT, POLITICAL CRISIS AND DEMOCRACY IN BRAZIL Revista de Ciencia Política, vol. 37, núm. 2, 2017, pp. 281-304 Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile Santiago, Chile Available in: http://www.redalyc.org/articulo.oa?id=32453264004 How to cite Complete issue Scientific Information System More information about this article Network of Scientific Journals from Latin America, the Caribbean, Spain and Portugal Journal's homepage in redalyc.org Non-profit academic project, developed under the open access initiative REVISTA DE CIENCIA POLÍTICA / VOLUMEN 37 / N° 2 / 2017 / 281-304 IMPEACHMENT , POL ITICAL CRISIS AND DEMOCRACY IN B RAZ IL Impeachment, crisis política y democracia en Brasil FELIPE NUNES Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Brasil CARLOS RANULFO MELO Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Brasil ABSTRACT The year 2016 was marked by the deepening of the crisis that interrupted two de - cades of unusual political stability in Brazil. Although it has been the most signi - cant event, Dilma Rousseff’s impeachment did little to “stop the bleeding,” as was shown by the subsequent arrest of the former president of the Chamber of Depu - ties, Eduardo Cunha (PMDB), and the unfolding of Operation Car Wash ( Lava Jato ). Besides the economic problems, the Brazilian political system also faced a serious crisis of legitimacy: the main parties were put in check, and a period of uncertainty regarding electoral and partisan competition opened up. In this article, we will re - view the sequence of the events, exploring some of the factors that explain it, and, aware of the fact that we are in the middle of process with an undened outcome, we would like to take advantage of the opportunity to resume the debate on the performance of Brazilian democracy as well its perspectives.
    [Show full text]
  • PARTY ORGANIZATION, IDEOLOGICAL CHANGE, and ELECTORAL SUCCESS a Comparative Study of Postauthoritarian Parties
    PARTY ORGANIZATION, IDEOLOGICAL CHANGE, AND ELECTORAL SUCCESS A Comparative Study of Postauthoritarian Parties Grigorii V. Golosov Working Paper #258 - September 1998 Grigorii V. Golosov teaches comparative politics at the European University at St. Petersburg, Russia. He was a Visiting Fellow at the Kellogg Institute during the 1998 spring semester. Professor Golosov obtained an MA in Russian History and a PhD in Social Philosophy at Novosibirsk State University, an MA in Political Science from SUNY/Central European University, Budapest, and postgraduate study diplomas from the University of Oslo and Southern Illinois University. He has also been a Research Associate at the Center for Slavic and East European Studies, University of California at Berkeley, and a Visiting Scholar at the Kennan Institute for Advanced Russian Studies, Woodrow Wilson Center, and the Institute of Russian and East European Studies, St. Antony’s College, Oxford University. In support of his research, he has been awarded grants from the USIA and the MacArthur and Soros Foundations. His most recent publications include Modes of Communist Rule, Democratic Transition, and Party System Formation in Four East European Countries (University of Washington, 1996); “Russian Political Parties and the ‘Bosses’: Evidence from the 1994 Provincial Elections in Western Siberia,” Party Politics (1997); “Regional Party System Formation in Russia: The Deviant Case of Sverdlovsk Oblast,” Journal of Communist Studies and Transition Politics (with Vladimir Gelman, forthcoming); and “Who Survives? Party Origins, Organizational Structure, and Electoral Performance in Post- Communist Russia,” Political Studies (forthcoming). He has also published several books and many articles in Russian. I would like to thank the Helen Kellogg Institute for granting me a residential fellowship that made my research possible.
    [Show full text]
  • Social Security Reform by the Cardoso Government of Brazil: Challenges and Limitations of Reform Ten Years After “Democratization”
    The Developing Economies, XLII-2 (June 2004): 241–61 SOCIAL SECURITY REFORM BY THE CARDOSO GOVERNMENT OF BRAZIL: CHALLENGES AND LIMITATIONS OF REFORM TEN YEARS AFTER “DEMOCRATIZATION” AKIKO KOYASU This article has two purposes. The first is to analyze politically why the Cardoso government’s social security reform could not be completed. Though democratic politi- cal systems (election and political party systems) were reintroduced after the re-democ- ratization in 1985, Brazil continued to suffer from elements of its traditional political culture such as corporatism, clientelism, nepotism, etc. These were the stumbling blocks for Cardoso’s reform. The second purpose is to deepen understanding of Brazilian de- mocracy by casting light on the behavior of political actors (the government, congress, and political parties) over social security reform issues under the Cardoso and Lula governments. I. INTRODUCTION EARLY eighteen years have passed since Brazil was re-democratized. In Jan- uary 2003, Brazil came under its first left-wing government since re-democ- N ratization in 1985, as Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva, a civilian leader from the Workers’ Party (PT), assumed the presidency. Lula’s PT was founded in 1980, dur- ing the second half of the period of military regime (1964–85). With the support of the trade union movement, the party was an important wing of the struggle for democratization in Brazil. Following its foundation, the PT gradually grew in power by winning a series of local (município) elections, capturing mayoral posts in six state
    [Show full text]