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Weekly Epidemiological Record Relevé Épidémiologique Hebdomadaire 2014, 89, 297-308 No. 27 Weekly epidemiological record Relevé épidémiologique hebdomadaire 4 JULY 2014, 89th YEAR / 4 JUILLET 2014, 89e ANNÉE No. 27, 2014, 89, 297-308 http://www.who.int/wer Contents Yellow fever in Africa Fièvre jaune en Afrique 297 Yellow fever in Africa and and South America, 2013 et en Amérique du Sud, 2013 South America, 2013 In 2013, 230 cases of yellow fever (YF), in- En 2013, 230 cas de fièvre jaune (FJ), avec 307 Monthly report on dracunculiasis cases, January– cluding 85 deaths, were reported to WHO 85 décès, ont été notifiés à l’OMS par 4 pays May 2014 from 4 countries in Africa and 2 countries en Afrique et 2 en Amérique du Sud (Tableau 1, in South America (Table 1, Table 2). Tableau 2). Sommaire In Africa, Cameroon reported multiple YF En Afrique, le Cameroun a notifié de multiples events1 in an area previously considered événements1 liés à la FJ dans une zone consi- 297 Fièvre jaune en Afrique et en at low risk, and therefore not covered by dérée jusque-là comme étant à faible risque et Amérique du Sud, 2013 the yellow fever preventive mass cam- qui n’avait donc pas été couverte par la 307 Rapport mensuel des cas paign implemented in 2009. Yellow fever campagne préventive de vaccination antiama- de dracunculose, janvier-mai 2014 virus circulation is present in this area as rile de masse mise en œuvre en 2009. Comme shown by a field assessment in 2011; l’a montré une évaluation sur le terrain en 4.6 million people were proposed for pre- 2011, le virus de la FJ est en circulation dans ventive mass vaccination, but due to the cette région; la vaccination préventive de shortage of YF vaccine, no vaccination masse a été proposée pour 4,6 millions campaign could be carried out. de personnes mais, en raison de la pénurie de vaccins antiamarils, aucune campagne n’a pu être organisée. In the Americas, cases were only reported Dans les Amériques, seuls le Pérou et la in Peru and Colombia. At least 9 events Colombie ont notifié des cas. Au moins were reported in Peru, all located in 9 événements ont été signalés au Pérou, tous sylvatic areas known to be endemic for dans des zones de forêts où l’on sait que la yellow fever. fièvre jaune est endémique. Yellow fever in Africa Fièvre jaune en Afrique In 2013, 206 cases of yellow fever, includ- En 2013, 206 cas de fièvre jaune avec 69 décès ing 69 deaths (CFR2: 33.5%) were reported (TL2: 33,5%) ont été notifiés à l’OMS par les to WHO from the following countries in pays africains qui suivent (Tableau 1 et Africa (Table 1 and Map 1). Carte 1). Cameroon Cameroun Cameroon regularly reported yellow fever Le Cameroun a régulièrement notifié des flam- outbreaks in the South-West area of the bées de fièvre jaune dans la zone du sud ouest, country, an unvaccinated area considered où il n’y a pas eu de vaccination car le risque at low risk after a risk assessment per- y a été considéré comme faible suite à une formed in 2009. In 2010, when at least évaluation faite en 2009. En 2010, quand au 8 cases were laboratory-confirmed, a new moins 8 cas ont été confirmés en laboratoire, risk assessment, including serological sur- une nouvelle évaluation du risque, comportant WORLD HEALTH veys in humans and non-human primates des enquêtes sérologiques sur l’homme et les ORGANIZATION Geneva and entomological studies, was carried out primates ainsi que des études entomologiques, in 4 regions of the South-West area. The a été menée dans les 4 régions du sud-ouest. ORGANISATION MONDIALE DE LA SANTÉ results showed the presence of a moderate Les résultats ont montré l’existence d’une Genève level of YF virus circulation, but no pre- circulation modérée du virus de la FJ, mais Annual subscription / Abonnement annuel Sw. fr. / Fr. s. 346.– 1 The term ‘event’ refers to any cluster of yellow fever cases oc- 1 Par «événement», on entend tout groupe de cas de fièvre jaune sur- 07.2014 curring in different administrative areas and helps to characte- venant dans une zone administrative différente et le terme aide à ISSN 0049-8114 rize the risk of an epidemic. caractériser le risque d’épidémie. Printed in Switzerland 2 Case fatality rate. 2 Taux de létalité. 297 298 Map 1 Areas reporting yellow fever cases in Africa in 2013 Carte 1 Zones ayant notifié des cas de fièvre jaune en Afrique en 2013 Sudan – Soudan Ethiopia – Ethiopie Cameroon – Cameroun Number of yellow fever cases reported – Nombre de cas de fièvre jaune signalés Democratic Republic of the Congo – République 1–6 démocratique du Congo 13 35 WEEK 141 ly E Km PI DEM I O L OG The boundaries and names shown and the designations used on this map do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the World Health Organization concerning the legal status of any country, territory, I CA city or area or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. Dotted lines on maps represent approximate border lines for which there may not yet be full agreement. – Les limites et appellations L RECORD, RECORD, figurant sur cette carte ou les désignations employées n’impliquent de la part de l’Organisation mondiale de la Santé aucune prise de position quant au statut juridique des pays, territoires, villes ou zones, ou de leurs autorités, ni quant au tracé de leurs frontières ou limites. Les lignes en pointillé sur les cartes représentent des frontières approximatives dont le tracé peut ne pas avoir fait l’objet d’un accord définitif. N Source: World Health Organization – Source: Organisation mondiale de la santé O. 27, 4 27, O. Map: WHO Department of Control of Epidemic Diseases – Carte: Département OMS de lutte contre les maladies épidémiques july © WHO 2014. All rights reserved – © OMS 2014. Tous droits réservés 2014 ventive mass campaign was organized due to a vaccine aucune campagne préventive de vaccination de masse n’a été shortage at global level. organisée en raison de la pénurie de vaccins au niveau mondial. Four yellow fever events occurred in Cameroon during Quatre événements liés à la fièvre jaune se sont produits au 2013 of which 3 occurred in the South-West area of the Cameron en 2013, dont 3 dans le sud-ouest du pays, où l’on a country, where YF virus circulation had been confirmed. confirmé la circulation du virus amaril. The first 2 events were reported in April 2013, in the Les 2 premiers événements ont été notifiés en avril 2013, dans health districts of Ndom and Bonassama, in the Littoral les districts de santé de Ndom et Bonassama, dans la région du region. At least 2 cases were laboratory-confirmed. The Littoral. Au moins 2 cas ont été confirmés en laboratoire. Le cas index case was a 43-year-old woman from Ndom health indicateur était une femme de 43 ans dans le district de santé district, who became ill on 15 March 2013. Both cases de Ndom, tombée malade le 15 mars 2013. Les 2 cas ont été were laboratory-confirmed by IgM-ELISA at the Institut confirmés à l’Institut Pasteur du Cameroun par recherche des Pasteur of Cameroon, which was followed by a more IgM avec la méthode ELISA, suivie d’une épreuve plus spéci- specific test, the plaque reduction neutralization test for fique de la FJ, le test de neutralisation par réduction de plages, YF performed by the Institut Pasteur, Dakar, Senegal, pratiqué par l’Institut Pasteur à Dakar (Sénégal), qui est le labo- which is the WHO regional reference laboratory for YF. ratoire régional de référence de l’OMS pour la FJ. After a field investigation, the Ministry of Health (MoH) Après enquête sur le terrain, le Ministère de la Santé a organisé organized a reactive mass vaccination campaign in une campagne réactive de vaccination de masse dans les 13 health districts considered to be at high risk for yel- 13 districts de santé où le risque de fièvre jaune était considéré low fever. The campaign was carried out between comme élevé. La campagne s’est déroulée entre le 27 août et le 27 August and 1 September 2013 in the Littoral region. 1er septembre dans la région du Littoral. Une population de A population of 663 900 people were targeted in the 663 900 personnes était ciblée dans les districts de santé de health districts of Dibombari, Edea, Loum, Manjo, Dibombari, Édéa, Loum, Manjo, Manoka, Mbanga, Melong, Manoka, Mbanga, Melong, Ndom, Ngambe, Nkondjock, Ndom, Ngambe, Nkondjock, Nkongsamba, Pouma et Yabass. La Nkongsamba, Pouma and Yabass. The reported admin- couverture administrative enregistrée pour cette vaccination a istrative vaccine coverage was 94%. été de 94%. The Littoral region is within the 4 regions (South-West La région du Littoral fait partie des 4 régions (zone du sud- area) where a yellow fever risk assessment was con- ouest) où une évaluation du risque de fièvre jaune a été faite ducted in 2011, after the report of 8 laboratory- en 2011, après que 8 cas confirmés en laboratoire ont été signa- confirmed cases. This risk assessment, in regions lés. Cette évaluation du risque, dans des régions limitrophes de bordering Cross River state in Nigeria, demonstrated l’État de Cross River au Nigéria, a mis en évidence la circulation the presence of YF virus circulation. du virus de la FJ. The third and fourth yellow fever events were reported Les troisième et quatrième événements liés à la fièvre jaune ont in September–October 2013, in the health districts of été notifiés en septembre et octobre 2013, dans les districts de Dschang and Ngoumou belonging respectively to the santé de Dschang et Ngoumou, appartenant respectivement aux West and Central regions.
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