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Report Influencing the SPR for Storm Surge Events

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Report Influencing the SPR for Storm Surge Events Report Influencing the SPR for storm surge events A cross-border XBeach application Date: 31 May 2021 Status: final 1 Report Colophon Published by Interreg North Sea Region VB – Building with Nature Authors Simon Hillmann (NLWKN) Karl-Søren Geertsen (DCA) Ellen Quataert (Deltares) Rena Hoogland (Rijkswaterstaat) Bjørn Frederiksen (DCA) Contact Rena Hoogland (Rijkswaterstaat) Phone +316 21 47 90 41 E-mail [email protected] Date 31 May 2021 Status final Version 2.0 2 Report Table of content Table of content ...................................................................................................................................... 3 1 Introduction ..................................................................................................................................... 5 1.1 Background .............................................................................................................................. 5 1.1.1 Interreg NSR VB Building with Nature project ................................................................ 5 1.1.2 Goal of the current study ................................................................................................ 5 1.2 Research questions ................................................................................................................. 6 1.3 Reading guide .......................................................................................................................... 6 2 Methodology ................................................................................................................................... 7 2.1.1 General approach ............................................................................................................ 7 2.1.2 Quantification of the effects on dune safety .................................................................. 8 3 Site description and storm measurements ................................................................................... 10 3.1 Langeoog, Germany .............................................................................................................. 10 3.2 Sylt, Germany ........................................................................................................................ 11 3.3 Krogen, Denmark ................................................................................................................... 15 4 Model validation ........................................................................................................................... 18 4.1 Model description ................................................................................................................. 18 4.2 Langeoog, Germany .............................................................................................................. 19 4.2.1 Model setup and methodology ..................................................................................... 19 4.2.2 Results ........................................................................................................................... 20 4.3 Sylt, Germany ........................................................................................................................ 24 4.3.1 Model setup and methodology ..................................................................................... 24 4.3.2 Results ........................................................................................................................... 26 4.4 Krogen, Denmark ................................................................................................................... 29 5 Scenario modelling ........................................................................................................................ 30 5.1 Methodology ......................................................................................................................... 30 5.1.1 Scenario selection.......................................................................................................... 30 5.1.2 Scenario creation Langeoog .......................................................................................... 31 5.1.3 Scenario creation Krogen/Sylt ....................................................................................... 34 5.2 Scenario results Langeoog ..................................................................................................... 38 3 Report 5.3 Results Sylt ........................................................................................................................... 43 5.4 Results Krogen ....................................................................................................................... 51 5.5 Synthesis of the results ......................................................................................................... 58 6 Discussion ...................................................................................................................................... 60 7 Conclusions .................................................................................................................................... 62 8 References ..................................................................................................................................... 63 Appendix A – XBeach settings ............................................................................................................... 65 Appendix B - Sylt validation, all profiles ................................................................................................ 66 4 Report 1 Introduction 1.1 Background 1.1.1 Interreg NSR VB Building with Nature project Building with Nature (BwN) is a phenomenon already known for several decades in which natural forces are used to build, construct or maintain a human intervention. Building with Nature is also known as Natural Flood Management (UK) or Natural and Nature-Based Solutions (USA). In this interregional North Sea project experiences with Building with Nature (BwN) in different countries are shared. The Interreg VB North Sea Region Building with Nature project (2015-2021) has the overall aim, to make coasts, estuaries and catchments of the North Sea Regio (NSR) more resilient to climate change by both applying and learning from the implementation of Building with Nature (BwN) measures. The project is taking place in the North Sea Region, involving 15 partner organisations from Norway, Sweden, Denmark, Schleswig-Holstein (DE), Niedersachsen (DE), the Netherlands, Belgium and Scotland (UK). The overall objective of the BwN project is to make coasts, estuaries and catchments of the North Sea Region (NSR) more adaptable and resilient to the effects of climate change. The main goal to achieve during the time frame of the BwN project is to create a well-documented evidence base, by transnational knowledge exchange, that allows for policymakers and asset owners to incorporate Building with Nature / Nature Based Solutions and principles in future decision-making processes. 1.1.2 Goal of the current study Within the BwN project the Source-Pathway-Receptor (SPR) approach is used to understand where sediment originates from (the source), what the general net pathway is and how this affects the receptor (i.e. a coastal function such as safety, recreation etc.). This will provide insight into the smart application of nature-based solutions in the light of the total system change, such as sea level rise. In the Work Package 3 (WP3) prolongation of Interreg BwN (June 2020 to June 2021), the primary objective of the study is to assess the effect of Building with Nature techniques on influencing the SPR, focussing on dune safety during storm surge events. In this study we will only investigate the main Building with Nature technique for sandy coasts: nourishments. The direct impact of nourishments on dune safety will be tested for different nourishment types and designs under storm conditions. As shown in Wilmink et al. (2021), nourishments can change the coastal profile shape on the long term, which can therefore indirectly affect the dune safety during storm conditions. This effect is included for a couple of cases, but not investigated in detail. The impact of SLR on the dune safety is also investigated in order to make a first assessment of how future coastal shapes will affect the dune safety. In this SLR-scenario the long-term effect of a structural nourishment strategy is incorporated. 5 Report 1.2 Research questions The main research question is: "How can Building with Nature techniques, as nourishments, affect dune safety during storm events?" To answer the main research question, four sub questions are defined: 1) Can XBeach be used as a tool to assess the impact of Building with Nature techniques on dune safety? 2) What scenarios (e.g. nourishment placement, design, SLR) can be set up to assess the direct impact on dune safety due to storm surges? 3) How can nourishments affect the dune safety? 4) How will future climate scenarios in combination with different adaptation strategies affect the dune safety? 1.3 Reading guide In Chapter 2 the overall methodology for this study is described. Chapter 3 presents the three study sites that were selected, and in Chapter 4 the model (XBeach) is validated for the storm measurements of these study sites. In Chapter 5 the validated model then subsequently used to investigate dune safety under a set of scenarios reflecting different nourishment types, designs, SLR-conditions and
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