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The Yugoslav National Army Role in the Aggression Against the Republic of Croatia from 1990 to 1992
The Yugoslav National Army Role in the Aggression Against the Republic of Croatia from 1990 to 1992 Davor Marijan ABSTRACT The essay analyses the role of the Yugoslav National Army (JNA) in the war waged against Croatia from 1990 to 1992. The author draws atten - tion to the fact that from the end of the 1980s, the JNA was an active party to the Serbian expansionist aspirations that gripped Yugoslavia after Titos death. The Armys role is chronicled from the point of Croatias democratisation in 1990 to its retreat in the spring of 1992, after having only partially executed the tasks that Serbian expansionist policy had dele- gated. Following the death of Josip Broz Tito in 1980, the Socialist Federative Republic of Yugoslavia (SFRY) entered the crisis-ridden 1980s. This decade was marked by incidents in Kosovo in 1981 and 1989, chronic economic crisis, and a rise in Serbian expan- sionist nationalism directed towards the federal state, which had been defined and formally adopted with the enactment of the 1974 Constitution. The Yugoslav National Armys involvement served to show that Serbian expansionist ideas had deeply affect- ed even that institution, in which Serbs dominated1, and which had *All afore-mentioned documents, unless otherwise specified, can be found in the pos- session of the Ministry of Defence of the Republic of Croatia. 1. Am omni-present characteristic of the Yugoslav National Army during the entire course of its existence is the uneven structure of national representation in its com- missioned officers corps, particularly among generals and higher ranking officer personnel. Prior to the war, Croatians in percentages comprised 12.6% of the Army population, which when compared with their representation in SFRYs population 143 NATIONAL SECURITY AND THE FUTURE 3-4 (2) 2001, pp. -
Sb ¡20)0 Conseil De L’Europe ^ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ COE273160 ★ ★ ★★ ★
io') Council of Europe Sb ¡20)0 Conseil de l’Europe ^ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ COE273160 ★ ★ ★★ ★ Strasbourg, 21 June 1996 Restricted Ì <s:\cdISdoc496)NcdI\54.pdg> CDL (96) 54 Engl. only EUROPEAN COMMISSION FOR DEMOCRACY THROUGH LAW U.S. STATE DEPARTMENT COUNTRY REPORTS ON HUMAN RIGHTS PRACTICES FOR 1995 l "Sii :- ''ferfai 'ACCORDANCE' WITH "sEC,n6NS^lI6C(ìi';AND 5023(b)\OF THE * -.' -0 'Ä. FOREIGN' ASSISTANCE ACT OF 1961. AS AMENDED ;•;■ > -V -'•■'ir'-• ; • Î.V.Î-. -:-Ад '•-A.- *.V4 '; : * . * * • *Л • \ »...ísV . .... -V? »V...... > r ' i-m ••. - / •* к .. Iя»»- • •- 'c' *•* ■ •' .4..• * •**,: •*» «' - *.< • •• - • *. • ‘,:1. *.i . _ _ ____ . 2. ............ •.»» i• A.* .d-«kis »M4* . •* ,'•» Y^. T-Vr.Î-Æ4/0Âîi^:UvVi?;»^^4"£:^>«^^ -№'i- ' j: • ’^"Rrintea'f for".tiie:.’use ;of fheixCönïmitfcees; òn *Inter2atio¿ál';,'.Re.Iatíona ¿?r »«£:• ‘i^Eouse. of. Reàresèntànves. 'ani:- Foreign ^Relations •• of. the .U.S.; Senaiijire-J^ ,-. BOSNIA AND HERZEGOVINA The Republic of Bosnia ana Herzegovina was formed from one of six constituent republics of the^ former Yugoslavia. Citizens endorsed independence in a 1992 ref erendum. President Alija Izetbegovic heads the multiethnic collective presidency of a parliamentary democratic government elected in 1990. Within days'of independ ence, Serbian nationalist militias, supported by elements of the former Yugoslav na tional army (JNA), launched attacks throughout northern and eastern Bosnia, and Serbian Democratic Party (SDS) leader Radovan Karadzic declared the establish ment of the “Republika Sroska ” or “Serb Republic.” Seventy percent of the Bosnian Republic remained under Serbian occupation until the Bosnian government and Croatian offensives in August. During 4 years of war an estimated 263,000 people were killed, and two-thirds of the country's prewar pop ulation of 4 Vi million was uprooted and dispersed as either refugees or displaced persons. -
Memorial of the Republic of Croatia
INTERNATIONAL COURT OF JUSTICE CASE CONCERNING THE APPLICATION OF THE CONVENTION ON THE PREVENTION AND PUNISHMENT OF THE CRIME OF GENOCIDE (CROATIA v. YUGOSLAVIA) MEMORIAL OF THE REPUBLIC OF CROATIA APPENDICES VOLUME 5 1 MARCH 2001 II III Contents Page Appendix 1 Chronology of Events, 1980-2000 1 Appendix 2 Video Tape Transcript 37 Appendix 3 Hate Speech: The Stimulation of Serbian Discontent and Eventual Incitement to Commit Genocide 45 Appendix 4 Testimonies of the Actors (Books and Memoirs) 73 4.1 Veljko Kadijević: “As I see the disintegration – An Army without a State” 4.2 Stipe Mesić: “How Yugoslavia was Brought Down” 4.3 Borisav Jović: “Last Days of the SFRY (Excerpts from a Diary)” Appendix 5a Serb Paramilitary Groups Active in Croatia (1991-95) 119 5b The “21st Volunteer Commando Task Force” of the “RSK Army” 129 Appendix 6 Prison Camps 141 Appendix 7 Damage to Cultural Monuments on Croatian Territory 163 Appendix 8 Personal Continuity, 1991-2001 363 IV APPENDIX 1 CHRONOLOGY OF EVENTS1 ABBREVIATIONS USED IN THE CHRONOLOGY BH Bosnia and Herzegovina CSCE Conference on Security and Co-operation in Europe CK SKJ Centralni komitet Saveza komunista Jugoslavije (Central Committee of the League of Communists of Yugoslavia) EC European Community EU European Union FRY Federal Republic of Yugoslavia HDZ Hrvatska demokratska zajednica (Croatian Democratic Union) HV Hrvatska vojska (Croatian Army) IMF International Monetary Fund JNA Jugoslavenska narodna armija (Yugoslav People’s Army) NAM Non-Aligned Movement NATO North Atlantic Treaty Organisation -
Slobodan MILOSEVIC
IT-02-54-T p.370i7 j)3)",j--1>'~,s-Jsf- 2~ ..)I.o(.l~ 7.,'( THE ,INTERNATIONAL CRIMINAL TRIBUNAL· FOR THE FORMER YUGOSLAVIA CASE NO.]T·02·54·T THE PROSECUTOR OF.THE TRIBUNAL AGAINST SLOBODANMILOSEVIC SECOND AMENDED INDICTMENT . 'i,.-I";·",; " Tht?,prqs~~tl,tor,pf.'!J1~.: lnt~mational Criminal Tribunal for the Former Yugoslavia, pursuant to lIer authority under Article 18 of the Statute of the,.:Wte.w,!-~ipJ1,".gq¥¥nal,Tribunal for the Fonner. Yugoslavia ("the Statute ofthe Tribunal") charges: . f· SLOBODAN MILOSEVIC" with CRIMES AGAINST HUMANITY, GRAVE BREACHES OF THE GENEVA CONVENTIONS, anq"VIQLAJ'~QNSi'\OF THE LAWS OR CUSTOMS OF WAR as setforth b~Io~:' .,.....' ." . .'-,~ THE ACCUSED: ",,~,,',,;\:.'.~,::qf~';>i;,<·::·,:~,"(-<\''-::''';)~,f.";{~(,::;,':, '",,:._:',:,,_,~ .;, ,_.~\_,,:-::~,;;;, ~;'<,' 1. .....' SJ,o'bO~MItOSEVI<;",sqn. of~vetoz;fU" ,Milosey~c,.':Vasbom on 2,Q,'f\»g4sti.J94l.iIl" :£>gz~evaq,jQipresfmkda~"Serbia~ ,,'In j964~,h~ ""'",,,,,~. ;;,:":"",,,,::t:.n-"'_'>-:~'.-,_.;,:i!·.\'.·' __ ':"~)';~":""'.'.""'" .,. '.' .. j-....'.' ...••' '" "".,' _'. ' ..• -' .•',.' ." .. , ...... ,., ,,',\ ", "'."'" gI;~~atedfrdm th~~<:l;W F"sulty, of the University of. B,el~ade. and began a career in management and batiking. Until 1978,~eI1eld·the'p()stsOf deputy director and later;g,eqeral< $f~~tOJ;",fit:rehnogits; arrlitjor oil company in the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia ("SPRY"). 1'llereaft~~fHr p,~~e pr,~§idtWtof'1J.~l?8r,a(ls~kaplcq (B,~l!.~Clf1,ka,~"Q,pe,Of., thelarg~st\bap,lfsm th~. SF?}X, aIJ9~~~e ~~l? ~t~l,:,l?~3,·" . ',_ ,'-':: >: ,:: J:~<, < ,I.:,:" ~::'-:: ',)j~i".') '\,••i "~{'" ';;,/,~,~> :"~: "",~ <,.iJ (;,"<,'."'l,',., \ .. ,/,; 2~ Slobodan MILOSEVIC joined' the League of Communists of Yugoslavia in 1959. In 1984, he beCame Chairman of the City Colllpljttee.of.the.League\of'Commtlnists ·ofBelgiade.In 1986, he was electedthait.Inan of the Presidium of the Central Committee of the IT-02-54-T p.37016 League ofCommunists of Serbia and was re-electedin 1988. -
Trial Judgement Summary for Radovan Karadžić
JUDGEMENT SUMMARY TRIAL CHAMBER United Nations (Exclusively for the use of the media. Not an official document) Nations Unies The Hague, 24 March 2016 Trial Judgement Summary for Radovan Karadžić International Please find below the summary of the Judgement read out today by Judge O-Gon Criminal Tribunal for the former Kwon. Yugoslavia Tribunal Pénal The Accused was a founding member of the SDS and served as its President from July International pour 1990 to July 1996. He was the President of the National Security Council of the Serbian l’ex-Yougoslavie Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina, and on 12 May 1992, the Accused was elected as the President of the Presidency of the Serbian Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina. From 17 December 1992, he was the sole President of Republika Srpska, and the Supreme Commander of the armed forces of Republika Srpska. The Accused stood trial for 11 Counts; two Counts of genocide, five Counts of crimes against humanity, (namely persecution, murder, extermination, deportation, and forcible transfer), and four Counts of violations of the laws or customs of war (namely murder, acts of violence the primary purpose of which was to spread terror among the civilian population, unlawful attacks on civilians, and the taking of hostages. In the Indictment, the Prosecution alleged that the Accused participated in four joint criminal enterprises (―JCEs‖). The Prosecution alleged the following: From at least October 1991 to 30 November 1995, the Accused participated in a JCE, the objective of which was to permanently -
Goran Hadžić
NOT AN OFFICIAL DOCUMENT CASE INFORMATION SHEET (IT-04-75) GORAN HADŽIĆ GORAN HADŽIĆ Indicted for persecutions on political, racial or religious grounds; extermination; murder; torture; inhumane acts; deportation and forcible transfer; cruel treatment; wanton destruction of villages, or devastation not justified by military necessity; destruction or wilful damage done to institutions dedicated to education and religion; and plunder of public or private property President of the Government of the self-proclaimed Serbian Autonomous District Slavonia, Baranja and Western Srem (SAO SBWS) and subsequently President of the Republic of Serbian Krajina (RSK). - Still at large Crimes indicted for (examples): Persecutions on political, racial or religious grounds; extermination; murder; torture; inhumane acts; deportation and forcible transfer (crimes against humanity) Murder; torture; cruel treatment; wanton destruction of villages, or devastation not justified by military necessity; destruction or wilful damage done to institutions dedicated to education and religion; and plunder of public or private property (violations of laws or customs of war) From 1 August 1991 until the end of June 1992, Goran Hadžić, acting individually or in concert with other known and unknown members of a joint criminal enterprise, planned, instigated, ordered, committed, or otherwise aided and abetted the planning, preparation, or execution of the persecutions of the Croat and other non-Serb civilian population in the SAO SBWS / RSK. These persecutions were based on political, racial or religious grounds and included the following: • The extermination or murder of hundreds of Croat and other non-Serb civilians, including women and elderly persons, in Dalj, Dalj Planina, Erdut, Erdut Planina, Klisa, Lovas, Grabovac and Vukovar. -
Članci Republika Srpska Krajina and the Right of Peoples to Self-Determination*
ČLANCI PETER RADAN, PhD, Professor of Law Macquarie University, Sydney Sydney, New South Wels, 2109, Australia [email protected] UDK: 341.231 originalan naučni rad 323.1(497.5) primljeno: 17. maj 2017. prihvaćeno: 11. oktobar 2017. DOI: 10.29362/IST20VEKA.2018.1.RAD.9-34 REPUBLIKA SRPSKA KRAJINA AND THE RIGHT * OF PEOPLES TO SELF-DETERMINATION ABSTRACT: In Part I of this article author details the claims to inde- pendent statehood of Croatia and Krajina based upon the right of peoples to self-determination in the context of the emergence of nationalism as a powerful political force in Yugoslavia in the early 1990s. He also details the response of the international community to the crisis which these irreconcilable claims gave rise to. In Part II author explores the reasons why the secession of Croatia suc- ceeded and the secession of Krajina failed. Finally, the ramifications of Croa- tia’s and Krajina’s competing claims to statehood for the right of peoples to self-determination are discussed in the Conclusion. KEYWORDS: Republika Srpska Krajina, The break-up of Yugoslavia, War in Croatia 1991–1995, International Law, Self-determination, Secession, Inter-ethnic relations, National Minorities, Serbs in Croatia, Nationalism Introduction On 9 November 1989 the Berlin Wall came down. More than any other, this event of that tumultuous year symbolised the end of the Cold War and ush- ered in what Allen Buchanan has called ‘the age of secession’.1 The usual justi- fication for secessionist demands was the right of peoples to self-determination. One of the means by which this right is realised is by ‘the establishment of a sovereign and independent state’.2 The critical question for self-determination relates to the meaning of ‘peoples’. -
The Vietnam Syndrome and the Conflict in Former Yugoslavia
Calhoun: The NPS Institutional Archive Theses and Dissertations Thesis Collection 1996-12 The Vietnam Syndrome and the conflict in former Yugoslavia. Burdelez, Mislav. Monterey, California. Naval Postgraduate School http://hdl.handle.net/10945/31956 NAVAL POSTGRADUATE SCHOOL MONTEREY, CALIFORNIA THESIS THE VIETNAM SYNDROME AND THE CONFLICT IN FORMER YUGOSLAVIA • by Mislav Burdelez December 1996 Thesis Advisor: Roman Laba Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited. ' REPORT DOCUMENTATION PAGE Form Approved O:tv!B No. 0704-0188 Public reporting burden for this collection of information is estimated to average I hour per response, including the time for reviewing instruction, searching existing data sources, gathering and maintaining the data needed, and completing and reviewing the collection of information. Send comments regarding this burden estimate or any other aspect of this collection of information, including suggestions for reducing this burden, to Washingon headquarters Services, Directorate for Information Operations and Reports, 1215 Jefferson Davis Highway, Suite 1204, Arlington, VA 22202-4302, and to the Office of Management and Budget, Paperwork Reduction Project (0704-0 188) Washington DC 20503. I. AGENCY USE ONLY (Leave 2. REPORT DATE 3. REPORT TYPE AND DATES blank) December, 1996 COVERED Master's Thesis 4. TITLE AND SUBTITLE 5. FUNDING NUMBERS THE VIETNAM SYNDROME AND THE CONFLICT IN FORlv:IER YUGOSLAVIA 6. AUTHOR Mislav Burdelez 7. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME(S) AND ADDRESS(ES) 8. PERFORMING Naval Postgraduate School ORGANIZATION Monterey CA 93943-5000 REPORT NUMBER 9. SPONSORING/MONITORING AGENCY NAME(S) AND ADDRESS(ES) 10. SPONSORING/MONITOR lNG AGENCY REPORT NUMBER 11. SUPPLBAENTAR Y NOTES The views expressed in this thesis are those of the author and do not reflect the official policy or position of the Department of Defense or the U.S. -
Program Su Finansirali
Program su finansirali: grad Obrovac, Srpsko narodno vijeće iz Zagreba, Zajedničko vijeće opštine Vukovar, Komesarijat za izbeglice i migracije Beograd, Fond za izbegla, prognana i raseljena lica AP Vojvodine, Savjet za nacionalne manjine Republike Hrvatske, Uprava za saradnju s dijasporom i Srbima u regionu. Sadržaj publikacije ne predstavlja odgovornost sponzora i ni u kom slučaju ne odražava njihove stavove. Sto godina srpsko-hrvatskih odnosa (1918-2018), dominantni narativi i kulture sećanja One Hundred Years of Serb-Croat Relations (1918-2018): Dominant Narratives and the Cultures of Remembrance CENTAR ZA ISTORIJU, DEMOKRATIJU I POMIRENJE – NOVI SAD UDRUGA ZA POVIJEST, SURADNJU I POMIRENJE-GOLUBIĆ (OBROVAČKI) NOVI SAD, 2018. SADRŽAJ Darko Gavrilović KREIRANJE ISTORIJE MRŽNJE; DOMINANTNI NARATIVI KAO POTENCIJALNI DISTRIBUTERI MEĐUNACIONANIH TENZIJA IZMEĐU SRBA I HRVATA 7 Aleksandar Stojanović KVISLING ILI SRPSKI HEROJ? LIČNOST I DELO MILANA NEDIĆA U SRPSKIM MEDIJIMA I DISKURSU U VREME TRAJANJA SUDSKOG PROCESA ZA NJEGOVU REHABILITACIJU 21 Vjeran Pavlaković CROATIA’S CONTESTED MEMORYSCAPE 37 Bruno Vignjević SLOJEVI SJEĆANJA: HISTORIOGRAFSKE KONTROVERZE ANTIFAŠISTIČKIH KOMEMORACIJA U BREZOVICI I SRBU 69 Dino Buljat HRVATSKO- SRPSKI ODNOSI U HRVATSKOM (ANTI)RATNOM FILMU- IZGRADNJA KOLEKTIVNOG IDENTITETA FILMSKIM INTERPRETIRANJEM POVIJESTI 79 Filip Škiljan IDENTITET I SJEĆANJE: PRIMJER SRBA U ZAGREBAČKOJ ŽUPANIJI 93 KREIRANJE ISTORIJE MRŽNJE; DOMINANTNI NARATIVI KAO POTENCIJALNI DISTRIBUTERI MEĐUNACIONANIH TENZIJA IZMEĐU SRBA I HRVATA Darko Gavrilović KREIRANJE ISTORIJE MRŽNJE; DOMINANTNI NARATIVI KAO PO- TENCIJALNI DISTRIBUTERI MEĐUNACIONANIH TENZIJA IZMEĐU SRBA I HRVATA Apstrakt Autor će u radu nastojati da predstavi neke od dominantnih narativa kojima se manipuliše u udžbenicima istorije u Hrvatskoj i Srbiji. Namera mu je da ukaže na njihove različitosti i istovetnosti, ali i na moć političkih zloupotreba njima i na nji- hov potencijal u mogućim sukobima u budućnosti. -
Competition Between Minority Ethnic Parties in Post-Conflict Countries
Competition Between Minority Ethnic Parties in Post-conflict Countries: Performance of Minority Parties in Croatia and Macedonia by Dane Taleski Submitted to Central European University Department of Political Science In partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY Supervisor: András Bozóki Budapest, September 2014 1 ABSTRACT Academic and policy studies argue that an inclusive approach is needed for sustainable peacebuilding. This justifies the inclusion of former combatants into political parties, but some argue that it can have negative consequences for democratization. Institutional engineering is proposed to forge cross-cutting parties; however it is puzzling to find that parties from rebels often dominate in the post-conflict period. To address this puzzle I look at minority ethnic parties in post-conflict Croatia and Macedonia. SDSS dominates the competition between Serb parties in Croatia and DUI dominates between Albanian parties in Macedonia. To answer why this is so, I first look at the process of their formation and functioning and second I compared them to other minority parties. Despite the common history in Yugoslavia, the inter-ethnic conflicts, the post-conflict conditions and institutional environments for minority politics were very different in Croatia and Macedonia. My level of analysis is the competition between minority parties in each country. Because of the similar outcomes, under varying conditions, I consider that the finding in one country control for the other. Using process tracing I analyzed data from 78 interviews, party content, media and archival sources. The findings were corroborated with quantitative analysis of electoral data from national and sub- national elections in the entire post-conflict period. -
The Yugoslav Wars: No. 2: Bosnia, Kosovo and Macedonia, 1992-2001 Pdf, Epub, Ebook
THE YUGOSLAV WARS: NO. 2: BOSNIA, KOSOVO AND MACEDONIA, 1992-2001 PDF, EPUB, EBOOK Nigel Thomas,Darko Pavlovic | 48 pages | 28 Nov 2006 | Bloomsbury Publishing PLC | 9781841769646 | English | Oxford, England, United Kingdom The Yugoslav Wars: No. 2: Bosnia, Kosovo and Macedonia, 1992-2001 PDF Book The insurgency in the Republic of Macedonia was an armed conflict in Tetovo which began when the ethnic Albanian National Liberation Army NLA militant group began attacking the security forces of the Republic of Macedonia at the beginning of February , and ended with the Ohrid Agreement. Kosovar Albanians were fired in large numbers from public enterprises and institutions, including banks, hospitals, the post office and schools. The tribunal was an ad hoc court located in The Hague , Netherlands. Retrieved 23 November Ryan Argent rated it it was amazing Oct 19, Institute for Historical Justice and Reconciliation. Its constituent republics declared independence, despite unresolved tensions between ethnic minorities in the new countries, fueling the wars. Slovenia and Croatia desired greater autonomy within the Yugoslav confederation, while Serbia sought to strengthen federal authority. The Balkans. Most of the Serb population in the reclaimed areas became refugees. Galbraith , stated that genocide was occurring. Condition: Brand New. Their boycott escalated into an insurrection in areas populated by ethnic Serbs, mostly around Knin, known as the Log Revolution. Lucktam added it Jan 02, By the end of , Serbia thus became the host of , Serb refugees or internally displaced from Kosovo, Croatia and Bosnia. Washington cautiously welcomes move". International Center for Transitional Justice. Russell Slater rated it really liked it Jun 09, Hart, author of Partisans: War in the Balkans — , the ethnically mixed region of Dalmatia held close and amicable relations between the Croats and Serbs who lived there in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. -
In Former Yugoslavia Case Sheets
@'An Unknown Destination' "Disappeared" in former Yugoslavia Case sheets Vukovar, a small town in eastern Croatia with a multi-ethnic population of Croats, Serbs, Hungarians, Ruthenes, Ukranians and others, was the scene of the earliest mass "disappearance" in the former Yugoslavia. In August 1991, after the June declaration of independence by the Croatian Democratic Union (HDZ), the town came under heavy attack from Serbian irregular troops supported by the Yugoslav National Army (JNA). The siege lasted until 18 November, when Croatian forces defending the town surrendered. Following the surrender, an agreement was signed by the commander of the JNA and the Croatian Government under the supervision of the European Community Monitoring Mission (ECMM) according to which patients and medical personnel would be evacuated from the town's hospital under the supervision of the International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC). However, on 19 November, forces of the JNA accompanied by paramilitary units entered the hospital and led patients and members of the hospital staff away. Of 444 people on the evacuation lists, only 128 eventually reached Croatia, along with a small number of medical workers. It is believed that many of those taken from the hospital were loaded into buses and driven to a collective farm at Ov_ara, about seven kilometres southeast of Vukovar. Some may have been killed on the spot. In 1992 an international team of forensic experts was able to make a preliminary excavation of an area near the farm. Here they discovered human remains, which showed strong signs that they had been unlawfully killed. They estimated that the grave contained the bodies of about 200 people, but the local Serb authorities have refused permission for a further investigation.