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September 22, 1972

Premier Chou on Sino-Japanese

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PEKING Vol. 15, No. 38 September 22, 1972 REVIEW Published in English, French. Spanish, Japanese and German editions

CONTENTS

THE WEEK 3

Premier Chou En-lai on Sino-Japanese Relations Statement of Provisional Revolutionary Government of R.S.V. Supported Togolese Goodwill Mission in Peking Table Tennis Friends Received Chinese Delegation to 27th Session of U.N. General Assembly Formed More Educated Youth to the Countryside

ARTICLES AND DOCUMENTS

Her Imperial Majesty Farah Pahlavi of Iran Arrives in Peking 6 Zambian Vice-President Chona Visits China 7 A New-Type International Tournament—First Asian Table Tennis Championships — Our Correspondent 9 Peking Medical Teams Tour Rural Areas — Yi Lien 12 Dedication to the Revolution: Young Worker Chen Tai-shan 15 Tonzania: Agricultural Progress in Full Swing 17

ROUND THE WORLD 19

South Viet Nam: Continuous Onslaught on Enemy Western Europe: Ten-Nation Agreement Warsaw Pact and NATO: Massive Military Exercises

ON THE HOME FRONT 21

More Savings in Peking and Shanghai Playing a Supplementary Role Well Pisciculture in Inner Mongolia Marvellous Marionettes

FRIENDSHIP LOG 23

Published every Friday by PEKING REVIEW Peking (37), China Post Office Registration No. 2-922 Printed in the People's Republic of China

Scanned and prepared by It's Right to Rebel! irtr.org/cra IRTR Cultural Revolution Archive [email protected] THE WEEK

Premier Chou En-lai on ister Ohira have on many occasions expressed the belief that the current Si no-Japanese Relations expressed full understanding of visit of the friends on the delegation China's three principles on the res­ had, through frank talks and ex­ At the banquet in honour toration of Sino-Japanese diplo­ change of views, increased mutual of the Japanese Liberal-Democratic matic relations, and taken certain understanding between the two sides, Parly Delegation headed by Mr. positive measures and steps to this and this would help Prime Minister Zentaro Kosaka, Member of the end. This merits welcome and the Tanaka's China visit achieve fruitful House of Representatives and Chair­ Chinese Government has already results. man of the Liberal-Democratic made a positive response. We are Party's Council for the Normalization convinced that through their joint Mr. Kosaka's Speech of Japan-China Relations, on Sep­ efforts, China and Japan will surely tember 18. Premier Chou En-lai be able to remove the interferences, In his speech at the ban­ spoke about the current relations end the state of war between the quet, Mr. Zentaro Kosaka said: between China and Japan. two countries, realize the normaliza­ We have come to visit China as the first official delegation of the Premier Chou En-lai first, of all ex- tion of China-Japan diplomatic rela­ Liberal-Democratic Party. The party pressed welcome to the Delegation of tions and establish friendly good- has made the normalization of Japan- the Japanese Liberal-Democratic neighbour relations on the basis of China relations its policy and formal­ Party led by Mr. Zentaro Kosaka. the Five Principles of Peaceful Co­ ly adopted a decision with regard to which had come to make prepara­ existence, so that our two great na­ this. The parly's Council for the tions for Prime Minister Tanaka's tions will be friends from generation Normalization of Japan-China Rela­ visit to China. to generation. Premier Chou said. tions sincerely hopes to co-operate Premier Chou said: China and Premier Chou added: The Chinese with the [Japanese] Government to Japan are close neighbours separated people are a great people, the Japa­ normalize Japan-China relations, put only by a strip of water and the two nese people are a great people. The an end to the abnormal situation that peoples have a profound traditional normalization of the relations be­ has long existed in these relations friendship. For half a century the re­ tween China and Japan and the and establish peaceful and friendly lations between our two countries development of their friendship not relations between the two countries. have been in a very abnormal state only conform to the fundamental in­ All members of the delegation have because of the aggression and wars terests of the two peoples, but will come to visit. China with this ardent carried out by Japanese militarism greatly help ease tension in Asia and hope. against China. The Chinese people safeguard world peace. were made to endure the most serious He said: Reviewing the long his­ The present new development in disasters and the Japanese people, torical relations between the two China-Japan relations is the result of too, suffered from the results of the countries, we can see that Japan prolonged struggle by the people of wars of aggression. Adhering to learnt a lot from China. They have the two countries. The masses of the Chairman Mao Tsetung's teachings, a traditional, 2.000-year-old friend­ Japanese people and friends of va­ the people of China make a strict dis­ ship, but in a period during the past rious strata and various organizations tinction between the handful of mili­ in Japan have made unremitting ef­ half a century, there were incidents tarist elements and the masses of the forts for this purpose. Messrs. Tatsu- for which we express our readiness Japanese people. History is develop­ nosuke Takasaki. Kenzo Matsumura to make profound self-examination. ing and time advancing. We should and Tanzan Ishibashi and other far- We will, on the basis of this self- look forward. It is the general trend sighted personages in the Liberal- examination, establish friendly rela­ of events and popular demand to tions with China. promote and develop Sino-Japanese Democratic Party also made positive friendship and bring about normal contributions over a long period of During our current visit to China, diplomatic relations between the two time. The Chinese people will never we have seen once again the great countries. This has become a strong forget the Japanese friends who have ancient culture of China and the con­ tide not to be stemmed by any force. sown seeds of China-Japan friend­ certed efforts of the 800 million Chi­ ship, he noted. On the very day the Tanaka nese people to build up their country. Cabinet of Japan was formed, Prime Premier Chou expressed apprecia­ We are deeply moved. Despite the Minister Tanaka stated that in diplo­ tion of Mr. Kosaka's statement that difference of our social systems, we macy, normalization of relations with the visiting Delegation of the Liberal- believe that our two countries can the People's Republic of China would Democratic Party of Japan would do learn from each other's experience be expedited. Thereafter, Prime its utmost to pave the way for Prime and good points and advance hand Minister Tanaka and Foreign Min­ Minister Tanaka's visit to China. He in hand. This is not only in the in-

September 22, 1972 3

Scanned and prepared by It's Right to Rebel! irtr.org/cra IRTR Cultural Revolution Archive [email protected] terests of our two peoples, but will On September 15 and 17, Liao promptly withdraw all U.S. and lackey contribute to the prosperity of Asia Cheng-chih and Han Nien-lung held troops and military forces from south and the world, he added. talks with Zentaro Kosaka, Masumi Viet Nam, stop supporting the puppet In conclusion, Mr. Kosaka said: Ezaki and Juichiro Tsukada. Saigon regime and make earnest ef­ Wo have come to China as Prime forts in response to the 7-point peace Minister Tanaka's advance group. Statement of Provisional proposal of the Provisional Revolu­ We ardently hope to enhance our Revolutionary Government tionary Government of the Republic mutual understanding through a Of R.S.V. Supported of South Viet Nam and the elabora­ frank and full exchange of views tion on the two key issues in the Li Hsien-nien, Member of the Po­ with Premier Chou and other Chi­ proposal. litical Bureau of the Central Commit­ nese leaders and thus contribute to During the meeting, Vice-Premier tee of the Communist Party of China the normalization of relations be­ Li Hsien-nien warmly praised the and Vice-Premier of the State Coun­ tween the two countries. armed forces and people of south and cil, and Han Nien-lung, Vice-Foreign Before the banquet, Premier Chou north Viet Nam for their recent Minister, on September 13 met and En-lai, Vice-Chairman of the Stand­ brilliant victories in the war against had a very cordial and friendly con­ ing Committee of the National U.S. aggression and for national sal­ versation with Nguyen Van Quang, People's Congress Kuo Mo-jo, For­ vation. He reaffirmed: To support Ambassador of the Republic of South eign Minister Chi Peng-fei, Presi­ and assist the people of Viet Nam Viet Nam to China, and Nguyen dent of the China-Japan Friendship and the other Indochinese countries Tien, Charge d'Affaires ad interim of Association Liao Cheng-chih, Vice- in their war against U.S. aggression the Embassy of the Democratic Foreign Minister Han Nien-lung and and for national salvation is a fixed Republic of Viet Nam in Peking. Vice-President of the China-Japan policy of the Chinese Party and During the meeting, Ambassador- Friendship Association Wang Kuo- Government, a bounden internation­ Nguyen Van Quang handed the chuan met and had a conversation alist duty of the Chinese people. Chinese side a copy of the September with all members of the delegation. As long as the United States does 11 Statement of the Provisional Rev­ not stop its war of aggression, as The Japanese Liberal-Democratic olutionary Government of the Re­ long as the Vietnamese and other Parly Delegation arrived in Peking public of South Viet Nam, described Indochinese peoples continue their by special plane on September 14 for the excellent situation in the war just war, the Chinese people will a visit upon invitation. It was wel­ waged by the armed forces and peo­ make every effort to support them comed at the airport by Liao ple of south Viet Nam against U.S. until they win complete victory. Cheng-chih, President of the China- aggression and. for national salvation, Japan Friendship Association, and and expressed the strong will and other leading members of Chinese Togolese Goodwill Mission steel-firm determination of the south In Peking departments concerned. Vietnamese people, together with N.P.C. Vice-Chairman Kuo Mo-jo their kith and kin in the north and On the evening of September 16 met the delegation and gave a ban­ the people of Laos and Cambodia, to Chinese Foreign Minister Chi Peng- quet in its honour that evening. fight and defeat the U.S. aggressors. fei gave a banquet to warmly wel­ come Joachim Hunlede, Minister of Present at the banquet were Zen- On behalf of the Government and Foreign Affairs of the Republic of taro Kosaka, leader of the delega­ people of China. Vice-Premier Li Togo, and all members of the To­ tion; Masumi Ezaki and Juichiro Hsien-nien expressed firm support golese Goodwill Mission led by him. Tsukada, deputy leaders of the for the solemn stand of the Provi­ They had arrived in Peking on the delegation. Members of the House sional Revolutionary Government of previous day. of Representatives and Vice-Chair­ the Republic of South Viet Nam as men of lire Liberal-Democratic shown in its September 11 statement. Speaking at the banquet, Foreign Parly's Council for the Normalization The Chinese Vice-Premier said: Minister Chi Peng-fei praised the of Japan-China Relations; members The U.S. Government has obdurate­ Togolese people for their achieve­ of the delegation Torasaburo Shin- ly clung to its "Vietnamization" ments in defending national inde­ tani, Hideji Kawasaki, Toshio Ki- policy, continued its mining and pendence, developing national econ­ mura. Ken Yasui, Seijuro Arafune, blockade of the Democratic Republic omy and their efforts for strength­ Eikichi Takahashi, Tokurna Utsuno- of Viet Nam and stepped up its war ening African unity and opposing miya, Heiji Ogawa, Masao Maeda, of aggression with naval and air imperialism and colonialism. Ken Harada, Noboru Takeshita, forces, thus indicating that it still Foreign Minister Chi noted: "To­ Molosaburo Tokai, Ryoichi Nagata, refuses to give up its aggressive gether with the small and medium- Akira Eto, Soichi Kamoda, Takao stand. This is precisely the root cause sized countries of other regions of Kameoka, Shigesada Marumo, Hi- of the failure so far to achieve a the world, the African countries are sanari Yamada, Tokusaburo Kosaka settlement of the Viet Nam question. playing an increasingly important and Hyosuke Kujiraoka; eight staff If the U.S. Government really wants role in international affairs. Not members of the delegation, including to end the Viet Nam war, it should long ago, in the face of the united Hiroshi Hashimoto; and pressmen immediately stop all its aggressive resolute struggle of African coun­ with the delegation. activities against north Viet Nam, tries, the International Olympic

4 Peking Review, No. 38

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Committee was compelled to cancel port to the national-liberation move­ gions were present at the happy its invitation to Rhodesia to take ments of Africa and Asia. Togo will gathering. Chairman of the Peking part in the 20th Olympic Games. never shake the hand stained with Municipal Revolutionary Committee This is another important victory for the blood of Africans extended by Wu Teh and representatives in table the African countries and peoples. Vorster, chieftain of the racist regime tennis circles from the three con­ It fully shows that matters concern­ of South Africa." tinents spoke on the occasion. ing Africa can be truly settled only In conclusion, he expressed the when the will of the great African ardent hopes for frank and sincere Chinese Delegation to 27th people is respected. Without the co-operation between the two coun­ Session of U.N. General consent of the African people, no tries of Togo and China.' other people will ever succeed in Assembly Formed Premier Chou En-lai, Foreign Min­ trying to impose their will upon the ister Chi Peng-fei, Minister of Eco­ The Delegation of the People's Re­ daily awakening African people, and nomic Relations With Foreign Coun­ public of China to the 27th Session their attempt will surely fall through. tries Fang Yi and Vice-Foreign of the General Assembly of the We are convinced that the African Minister Ho Ying met and had a United Nations, which opened on countries and peoples, who are be­ cordial and friendly conversation September 19 in New York, is coming daily more closely united, with the mission during its stay in composed of: will certainly be able by their own Peking. Chairman of the Delegation: Chiao hands to seize still greater victories Kuan-hua; Vice-Chairman of the for the national-liberation struggle Delegation: Huang Hua; Representa­ of Africa, and the great African peo­ Table Tennis Friends Received tives: Chen Chu, Wang Jun-sheng ple will surely obtain full mastery of and Pi Chi-lung, and Alternate their own destiny." Chinese Party and government leaders Tung Pi-wu, Chu Teh, Chou Representatives: Chuang Yen, Using The Chinese Foreign Minister En-lai, Yeh Chien-ying, Chang Chun- Sung-yi, Chang Yung-kuan, Chang pointed out that the peoples of China chiao, Yao Wen-yuan, Li Hsien-nien, Chien-hua and Chang Hsien-wu, and Togo have always sympathized Chi Teng-kuei, Li Teh-sheng, Wang Yao Kuang, Chinese Ambassador to with and supported each other. He Tung-hsing, Kuo Mo-jo and others Canada, and Hsiung Hsiang-hui, expressed thanks to the Togolese on September 14 met in Peking's Chinese Ambassador to Mexico, are Government for its recognition of Great Hall of the People with friends advisers to the delegation. China in September last year and in table tennis circles and table its vote for the restoration of tennis: players who had participated More Educated Youth to the China's legitimate rights in the in the First Asian Table Tennis Countryside United Nations at the 26th Session Championships, the First Congress of of the U.N. General Assembly. the Asian Table Tennis Union and Chairman Mao has always shown the utmost care and concern for the In his speech, Foreign Minister the Meeting of the Preparatory younger generation and has time and Joachim Hunlede pointed out that Committee for the Asian-African- again stressed the importance of the history of China was marked, Latin American Table Tennis Friend­ ship Invitational Tournament. youth integrating themselves with just as the African countries, by a the masses of workers and peasants. colonial epoch. The meeting took place in an at­ In 1968, he pointed out that "it is He said: "Your people rose behind mosphere of unity and friendship. highly necessary for young people The Chinese leaders had photographs their leader Chairman Mao Tsetung with education to go to the country­ taken with the friends from various to break for good all the disgusting side to be re-educated by the poor countries and regions. chains which harnessed them to and lower-middle peasants." In colonialism." That evening, a grand reception response to Chairman Mao's call, was given by the Peking Municipal another 400,000 educated youth "The People's Republic of China, Revolutionary Committee, the Chi­ (mostly middle school graduates), which has never ceased to support nese People's Association for Friend­ since January this year, have left the the oppressed peoples, is the object ship With Foreign Countries and the cities to settle and take part in of great admiration and sympathy All-China Sports Federation in the socialist revolution and construction of peoples in the five parts of the Great Hall of the People to celebrate in the countryside and frontier world, who truly love peace and the triumphant closing of the First regions. justice," the Togolese Foreign Asian Table Tennis Championships, Many leading cadres and Com­ Minister said. the First Congress of the A.T.T.U. munist Party members have again set He described the successes achieved and the Meeting of the Preparatory the example by sending their sons by the Togolese people in developing Committee for the Asian-African- and daughters. Liu Ching-jung, sec­ their national economy. Speaking Latin American Table Tennis Friend­ retary of the Party Committee of the about Togo's external policy, he ship Invitational Tournament. More Yulin Special Administrative Region declared: "Our Government con­ than 1,000 friends in table tennis in the Kwangsi Chuang Autonomous demns all wars of aggression from circles from Asian, African and whatever quarters; it gives its sup­ Latin American countries and re­ (Continued on p. 18.)

September 22, 1972 5 Scanned and prepared by It's Right to Rebel! irtr.org/cra IRTR Cultural Revolution Archive [email protected] Her Imperial Majesty Farah Pahlavi Of Iran Arrives in Peking

ER Imperial Majesty Farah Pahlavi, the Shahbanou Farah Pahlavi, Madame Farideh Diba, Prime Minister H of Iran, arrived in Peking by special plane on the Amir Abbas Hoveyda, Minister Abdolazim Valian and afternoon of September 18 on a state visit to China at Madame Farokhrou Parsai. the invitation of the Chinese Government. Her Imperial A grand welcoming ceremony was held at the air­ Majesty is accompanied by Madame Farideh Diba, port. The band played the national anthems of Iran and her mother, and Prime Minister Amir Abbas Hoveyda. China. Her Imperial Majesty Farah Pahlavi and They were accorded a warm welcome by tens of thou­ her party, accompanied by Premier Chou En-lai sands of people lining the streets. and other's, reviewed a guard of honour made up of Premier Chou En-lai, Vice-Premier Li Hsien-nien men of the ground, naval and air forces of the Chinese and his wife Comrade Lin Chia-mei, Vice-Chairman of People's Liberation Army. As the distinguished Iranian the Standing Committee of the National People's Con­ guests walked around to meet the welcoming crowds, gress Kuo Mo-jo and his wife Comrade Yu Li-chun, the airport was a scene of jubilation, with people beat­ Foreign Minister Chi Peng-fei and his wife Comrade ing drums and gongs, singing and dancing, and shouting Hsu Han-ping, and Chairman of the Peking Municipal "A warm welcome to Her Imperial Majesty Farah Revolutionary Committee Wu Teh were present at the Pahlavi, the Shahbanou of Iran!" and "Long live the airport to welcome the distinguished Iranian guests. friendship between the peoples of China and Iran!" Also accompanying Her Imperial Majesty Fai-ah Then the visitors from Iran drove to the Guest Pahlavi on her visit are Abdolazim Valian, Minister of House in the company of Chinese leaders. Her Co-operatives and Rural Affairs, Madame Farokhrou Imperial Majesty Farah Pahlavi, accompanied by Parsai, Minister of Education, and other high-ranking Premier Chou En-lai, and Madame Farideh Diba and officials. Prime Minister Amir Abbas Hoveyda, accompanied by Peking Airport flew the national flags of Iran and Vice-Premier Li Hsien-nien, rode in open cars past the China. When Her Imperial Majesty alighted from welcoming crowds. When the distinguished guests the plane at 4 p.m., Premier Chou En-lai and passed Tien An Men Square and Changan Boulevard, oilier Chinese leaders went forward and cordially shook hands with the Iranian guests to welcome them. the well-wishers waved bouquets and coloured ribbons Children presented flowers to Her Imperial Majesty while the young people danced to the beating of drums and strains of music to express the Chinese people's friendly feelings for them. The Shahbanou and other Iran­ ian guests repeatedly waved back to the crowds. The numerous multi-coloured ban­ ners over the square and along the streets looked brighter than ever under the bright sunshine. Streamers spanning the streets read, in Chinese and Persian, "A warm welcome to the dis­ tinguished guests from Iran!" "Long live the great unity of the Asian and African peoples!" and "Long live the great unity of the people of the world!" Iranian and Chinese songs were broadcast by loudspeakers.

Comrade Teng Ying-chao greeted Her Imperial Majesty Farah Pahlavi at the Guest Her Imperial Majesty Farah Pahlavi welcomed by Premier Chou En-lai. House. Peking Review, No. 38

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Zambian Vice-President Chona Visits China

ICE-PRESIDENT of the Republic of Zambia M.M. people's continuous victories in their struggle against V Chona and Mrs. Y. Chona and the Zambian Good­ imperialism, colonialism and racial discrimination. will Mission led by him arrived in Peking by special plane on September 17 for a friendship visit at the Premier Chou En-lai's Speech invitation of the Chinese Government. In his speech at the banquet Premier Chou En-lai Present at the airport to give a warm welcome to praised the achievements made by the Zambian peo­ the distinguished Zambian guests were Li Hsien-nien, ple, under the leadership of President Kenneth David Vice-Premier of the State Council, and his wife Com­ Kaunda, in safeguarding their national independence rade Lin Chia-mei; Hsu Hsiang-chien, Vice-Chairman and state sovereignty, scoring successes in the indepen­ of the Standing Committee of the National People's dent development of their national economy and culture, Congress; Chi Peng-fei, Foreign Minister, and his wife and making positive contributions to the Afro-Asian Comrade Hsu Han-ping; Yang Chieh, Minister of Com­ people's cause of unity against imperialism. munications; Wang Shu-sheng, Vice-Minister of Na­ tional Defence as well as 3,000 people in the Premier Chou stated: "Our distinguished Zambian capital. guests have come from the extensive African continent where the great and daily awakening African people are A welcoming ceremony was held at the airport. advancing valiantly in their united struggle. The heroic Tung Pi-wu, Acting Chairman of the People's Re­ Egyptian people, in defiance of interference and pres­ public of China, in the afternoon of the same day met sure from the superpowers, resolutely reject their with Vice-President M.M. Chona, and Mrs. Chona, and attempt to maintain a situation of 'neither war nor all members of the Goodwill Mission he led. peace' in the Middle East. The peoples of North Africa, in order to defend their independence and sovereignty, Present at the meeting were Premier Chou En-lai; are firmly opposed to the fleets of the superpowers seek­ Vice-Premier Li Hsien-nien; Hsu Hsiang-chien, Vice- ing bases and contending for hegemony in the Medi­ Chairman of the Standing Committee of the National terranean. The struggles of the peoples of Mozambique. People's Congress; Chi Peng-fei, Foreign Minister; Fang Angola. Guinea (Bissau), Azania, Zimbabwe, Namibia Yi, Minister of Economic Relations With Foreign Countries; Yang Chieh, Minister of Communica­ tions ; Wang Shu-sheng, Vice-Minister of National Defence; and leading mem­ bers of various departments concerned. Premier Chou En-lai gave a grand banquet that evening warmly welcoming the guests. The banquet was filled with a warm atmosphere of the friendship and unity of the peoples of China and Zambia. Hosts and guests repeatedly drank toasts to the daily growth of the friendship between the two peoples and the friend­ ly relations and co-opera­ tion between the two coun­ Vice-President M.M. Chona and the Zambian Goodwill Mission led by him tries, and to the African are warmly welcomed at Peking Airport.

September 22, 1972 7 Scanned and prepared by It's Right to Rebel! irtr.org/cra IRTR Cultural Revolution Archive [email protected] and Spanish Sahara against colonialist rule and racial ened nations of the world, successfully fought for the discrimination and for national independence are con­ rectification of this great injustice. From the time of tinuing to forge ahead. The 9th African Summit Con­ our independence eight years ago, we could not believe ference in June and the more recent 8th Summit Con­ that over 700 million people of your great country could ference of East and Central African Countries have both be denied their right to participate in the discussion of voiced powerful support for the struggles of the peoples world affairs at the U.N. To us this was a yawning of these areas. The Summit Conference of East and scandal. We have no doubt that your participation at Central African Countries has moreover declared that the United Nations will continue to have tremendous the independent bordering states are the immediate rear and positive influence in world affairs. Zambia is bases for supporting the national-liberation movements delighted to see that because of the leading role China in southern African and other colonies. Relying on is already playing today in international affairs, it has their own growing strength and unity, the heroic become a focal point of successive high powered delega­ African people are playing an increasingly important tions from all corners of the earth." role in international affairs. In January this year, because of the initiative and the resolute demand of Vice-President Chona praised China for the material African countries, the United Nations Security Council and moral support it gave to the national-liberation was obliged to hold special meetings in Africa to hear movements in many countries. He pointed out: "We the opinions of the African people and has adopted are in the 20th century and each people want to some beneficial resolutions on urgent problems now be completely free to run the affairs of their own coun­ facing Africa. Not long ago, in the face of the united tries, to shape Their destiny each according to their own struggle of the African people, the International Olym­ philosophy. Countries of Africa and the whole third pic Committee was compelled to cancel its invitation world have wakened up. Not only do they want to be for the Rhodesian white racist regime to take part in free, but they want to be truly free. They will not be the 20th Olympic Games. The epoch when the African satisfied with nominal or symbolic independence. They people decide their own destiny has arrived." want to be free to exploit their own resources which, for the past centuries, have gone to enrich the other "The Chinese and African peoples had the common already rich countries. In the past, 'unto those who historical lot of being subjected to imperialist and have little, more has been taken away.' We accept it colonialist aggression and oppression and are today as our major challenge and responsibility to reverse this confronted with the common fighting tasks of opposing situation. With the assistance and co-operation of imperialism, colonialism and the hegemonism of the friendly countries like China we will achieve our noble superpowers and building their countries," stressed goal. This is why independent African countries have Premier Chou. "We are all developing countries and adopted non-alignment as their policy." we all belong to the third world. That is why the friendly relations between China and African countries In his speech, Vice-President M.M. Chona gave an are continuously developing and daily growing on the account of Zambia's achievements in developing na­ basis of the Five Principles of Peaceful Coexistence. tional economy, and its commitment to the liberation The Chinese Government and people are determined, of Africa. He said: "Africa is demanding for a full place as always, to continue their efforts to establish and in the sun. There is no going back. Africa is marching develop friendly relations with all independent African forward. Imperialists may try to introduce stooges, states and support the national-liberation struggles of puppets or quislings in the leadership at one time or all those African peoples who are still under colonialist another. Few leaders will be foolish enough in future rule. The African people can rest assured that the Chi­ to be stooges of foreigners." nese people will for ever remain their reliable friends in their just struggles." "It will not be long before those who despise Africa are compelled by her unity and physical strength to In conclusion, Premier Chou praised the friendly reckon with her on terms of complete equality," the relations and co-operation between China and Zambia Vice-President declared. for setting a fine example of friendly co-operation between Afro-Asian countries. He expressed heartfelt In conclusion, he expressed sincere thanks to China thanks to the Zambian Government and people for the for its assistance to his country. He said: "China, being consistent support they gave to the Chinese cause of herself a developing country, must be making great socialist revolution and construction. sacrifices to spare whatever aid she gives to the third world. The construction of the Tanzania-Zambia Rail­ way Line will greatly strengthen us both politically and Vice-President Chona's Speech economically. Not only will the railway line serve Tanzanians and Zambians, but it will stand for ever as In his speech at the banquet, Vice-President M.M. a symbol of China's commitment to the elimination of Chona said: "This year marks the first anniversary of poverty and oppression in the world. China will have the happy event of the restoration of your country's contributed to the development of inter-regional com­ lawful rights in the United Nations. It gives me special munications in Africa. It will have contributed sig­ pride that Zambia, in co-operation with other enlight­ nificantly to the strengthening of Africa."

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A New-Type International Tournament

— First Asian Table Tennis Championships

by Our Correspondent

HE eye-catching banner inscribed with the words left Phnom Penh to take part in an international contest T "First Asian Table Tennis Championships" in outside the country, they took the opportunity to escape five languages has been taken down from the huge Cap­ from the clutches of the Lon Nol regime, crossing over ital Gymnasium and there are no longer jostling crowds to take their stand under the banner of the National flocking to watch the competitions morning, afternoon United Front of Cambodia headed by Samdech Norodom and evening. The players from all parts of Asia have Sihanouk. Fighting Palestine sent a big delegation to left Peking by plane or train for home or on visits to the championships. For the Kuwait Table Tennis Feder­ other cities in China. The 12-day tournament is over, ation, which was formed in 1969, this was the first but the thrilling matches and the moving scenes of unity time ever that it sent a team to an international contest. and friendship among the peoples of Asia will always Observers from the Mediterranean island country Cyprus remain in people's minds. also travelled a long way to Peking for the champion­ ships. And it was the first time that Thailand and the Widely Representative Philippines sent their players to Peking. The championships were a new-type international Among the hundreds of players at the champion­ tournament. It had many features that reflected the ships, there were famous world champions, other characteristics of Asian table tennis circles and the veterans and a host of promising young players. More march of events in the continent. than 70 contestants took part in the women's singles First, it was highly representative. Besides Japan, and over 60 young players, the youngest barely 12, the Democratic People's Republic of Korea and China, competed in the boys' and girls' singles. Many of them many countries and regions in Southeast Asia, South demonstrated a high level of skill and played with Asia and West Asia took part in it. Though they were zip and zeal. All this showed that, prospects are bright fighting a war at home, the Democratic Republic of for table tennis in Asia. Viet Nam, south Viet Nam, Laos (Lao Patriotic Front) and Cambodia sent their players or observers. It was High Level the first time that Laos (Lao Patriotic Front) had sent At the championships, table tennis fans were able a women's table tennis team to an international contest. to see that, compared to last year's Afro-Asian Table Among the Cambodian players, Khau Bou, Cambodia's Tennis Friendship Invitational Tournament, the general men's singles champion who had taken part in many in­ level of play in various countries and regions in Asia ternational competitions was well known to table tennis had gone up. This was especially true of the Demo­ fans. Nine months earlier when he and his team-mates cratic People's Republic of Korea, Viet Nam, Malaysia,

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Nepal. Hongkong, Iran and the Arab world. There competitions began, several days were specially set aside was a great variety of styles, but the predominant tend­ for joint practices and exchange of experience. The ency was an attacking game. Many players showed championships this year carried on this fine tradition. proficiency in using half-volley strokes, short chops or Actually, joint practice sessions and swapping of ex­ top-spin loop drives to wrest the initiative and drive perience continued even in the course of the champion­ the ball home. ships. When players practised together, it was often difficult to tell they were from different, countries. When As the gap between the strong teams had further the Chinese and Korean teams or the Chinese and Japa­ narrowed, there were many keenly contested matches nese teams had joint practice sessions, both sides kept with table tennis at the world level. nothing up their sleeves but put everything they had An excellent example was the match between Japan into it. This was in sharp contrast to two opposing and the Democratic People's Republic of Korea in the teams bent on winning nothing but the laurels. Com­ men's team event. This contest which lasted four hours was played to the full nine matches. The Japanese team won 5:4. Korea's Pak Sin Il, Kim Chang Ho and Kim Yong Sam and Japan's Nobuhiko Hasegawa, Mitsuru Kohno and Tokio Tasaka all played magni­ ficently and their valiant spirit left a deep impression on the spectators. Brilliant table tennis was also seen in the finals of both the men's and women's singles between Japan's Nobuhiko Hasegawa and China's Hsi En-ting, and be­ tween China's Li Li and Japan's Yukie Ohzeki. The players were in good form and played splendid matches.

New Spirit The most prominant feature of the championships was: friendship above competition.

To promote unity and friendship among the peoples menting on this, a Japanese coach said that he had and players in Asia, the organizers of the championships never witnessed such scenes before. paid great attention to fostering the spirit of "demo­ Some veteran players were most enthusiastic in cratic consultation." Countries, big or small, and teams, passing on their experience to young players. Over­ strong or not so strong, were equals and they re­ coming the language barrier, they demonstrated what spected each other. Examples of this were plenty. For they meant as they explained and patiently corrected instance, the drawing for the various events were done the actions of the young players until they mastered the in alphabetical order; the order of seedings took into technique. We ourselves saw how Japan's Mitsuru account the technical level as well as geographical dis­ Kohno helped Jothipala Samaraweera from Sri Lanka tribution; the top men and women players of all teams with his footwork and with his backhand and forehand were seeded players for the men's and women's singles; attack, and how Cambodia's Khau Bou spent nearly an and awards in the men's and women's team events were hour coaching a girl from Iraq on various basic strokes presented to the first eight teams instead of the custom­ before he went to play a very hard match. We also ary practice of awarding only the first three placings. saw China's Hsi En-ting show Palestine's Mohammed With such a guiding principle, an atmosphere Faris the way to serve all kinds of tricky balls. of friendship prevailed throughout the competitions. Before a match commenced, players would often march Fine Sportsmanship together into the playing arena with their clasped hands raised aloft. The exchange of team pennants and warm In international tournaments, a team or player embraces, handshakes and pinning souvenir badges on failing to turn up on time is usually considered the each other's shirt were also common sights. Some would loser by default. During the First Asian Table Tennis sign autographs and some would have their photos taken Championships, however, this was no longer the practice; together. Whenever a player sent over a shot which when such a thing occurred, it was always settled touched the edge of the table and which was hard to through consultation. judge, the spectators often saw the receiver point it When competitions in the first round of the Learn out to the umpire and ask that a point be given to his events started, the Malaysian men's team did not turn or her opponent. After matches, players would con­ up as scheduled because it had just arrived on the day gratulate each other. Very often, they would sit down of competition. The Pakistan team, which was to play and exchange experiences. with the Malaysians, readily agreed to postpone the An innovation introduced at last year's Afro-Asian match for 90 minutes. When the Malaysian players who Friendship Invitational Tournament was that before later emerged the winners thanked their Pakistan

20 Peking Review, No. 38

Scanned and prepared by It's Right to Rebel! irtr.org/cra IRTR Cultural Revolution Archive [email protected] friends for this, Saiyid Sibtain, leader of the Pakistan Chinese children by Mme. Sirimavo Bandaranaike, delegation said: Wins and losses are of less importance. Prime Minister of Sri Lanka, during her visit to If we were late today, I am sure that our friends China last June. The zoo keeper told the guests that from Malaysia or other countries would also do the Mithura found life in China very pleasant, with many same. What he said was quite true. The women's Chinese children coming to see him every day, and that team from Hongkong, for the same reason, also agreed he had gained 15 kilogrammes in weight. to postpone its match with the Malaysian women's team. The most unforgettable occasions were the During competitions in the individual events, as the ref­ two grand parties attended by friends and delega­ erees had told us, when some players did not feel well tions from many countries and regions. Asian, African or failed to show up in time, their opponents invariably and Latin American friends from table tennis circles agreed to a postponement. dressed in their colourful national costumes attended the evening party held in the Great Hall of the People. The match between players from Viet Nam and the Friends from more than 20 countries and regions gave Philippines in the mixed doubles was keenly contested performances at the party which was climaxed by a and the scores for both sides were quite close. While Korean folk dance in which the Korean players were the match was going on, Ruben Saez of the Philippines joined by their Vietnamese. Cambodian. Palestinian, accidentally broke the handle of his bat. Viet Nam's Japanese, Nepalese, Kuwaiti and Chinese friends. Tran Van Quynh tried to help him repair it but failed. Arab friends sang aloud the revolutionary Palestinian It happened that Saez did not have a spare bat on hand song My Motherland. Players from the Arab Re­ and, as regulations had it, a player was not supposed public of Yemen and the People's Democratic Re­ to leave the court during a contest. But when the ref­ public of Yemen jointly performed a folk dance. These eree suggested that Saez go for another bat. Tran Van and other expressions of friendship and unity were Quynh willingly nodded his consent. With play tem­ really inspiring. More than 20.000 people in the capital porarily called off, the two women players from oppos­ gathered at the beautiful Summer Palace in suburban ing teams chatted heartily outside the wooden enclosure Peking to meet their Asian friends. With red flags flut­ until Saez came back with a new bat to continue the tering in the breeze over the blue waters of the Kunming match. Lake, everyone had a wonderful time that day. Drifting over the lake were three huge red balloons trailing Grand Get-Together slogans welcoming friends from all over Asia. Several thousand boys and girls and kindergarten children sang Friendship went beyond the walls of the competi­ and danced to greet the players. There were also splen­ tion hall. The championships were in fact a festival of did songs and dances, acrobatic and puppet shows pre­ friendship between the Asian people. At the request sented by Peking artists. There was great rejoicing as of friends from abroad, arrangements were made for sightseeing and visits to various places and get-togethers between two or more teams and delegations. The championships opened on September 2 which was the National Day of the Democratic Republic of Viet Nam. The Cambodian players had a special get- together with their Vietnamese comrades-in-arms. Together they sang Song of the Cambodian and Viet­ namese Comrades-in-Arms, Solidarity Means Strength and other revolutionary songs. The Cambodian players gave their Vietnamese friends a collection of songs and records (with music and words by Samdech Sihanouk) in praise of the friendship between Cambodia. Viet Nam, Laos. Korea and China. The Vietnamese and Lao play­ ers also had a get together. The Korean players practised hard before the com­ petitions, but they took time off to pay a special visit to the Sino-Korean Friendship People's Commune on the outskirts. To some of them, this was their sixth friends from Afghanistan. Burma, Iran, Syria . . . sang visit, so the commune members knew them very well. and danced with the children to their hearts' In the commune's orchard, guests and hosts talked content. and sang songs together and got along wonderfully, as one Korean friend had put it: "We're brother's and Seeds of Friendship sisters, why, we belong to the same family!" Today, table tennis has become a channel which Players from Sri Lanka visited the Peking Zoo to promotes friendship and enhances unity among the see the baby elephant Mithura, a present given to the peoples of Asia.

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Players from Lebanon told us that one of them won she left home for the championships: "Wisdom can a Friendship Cup in last year's Afro-Asian Friendship be found among the people. You can find real friends Invitational Tournament, and upon his return home, among those you are going to meet this time." In Pe­ sports circles in his country held a welcoming ceremony king she had made friends with the young players of in honour of this. They kepi the cup in the exhibition Viet Nam, Korea, Singapore, Malaysia, Hongkong. Ma­ hall of the table tennis association. We met the Ali sisters cao. . . . Her album was passed from hand to hand and of the Iraqi team in the foyer of the competition hall and everyone had written very friendly words for her. Two were surprised that they actually talked with the Chi­ Nepalese girl players pasted their photographs on it in nese umpires and players in everyday Chinese in such addition to giving their autographs. a cordial and easy way. Filial, the eldest sister, told us that she had made many Chinese friends at the Afro- With the development of table tennis, the scope of Asian tournament last year. Her experience in China friendship is expanding too clay by day. There were 23 deeply impressed her younger sisters Amal and Enaam. countries and regions in Asia taking part in last year's When the Chinese table tennis team visited Baghdad in Afro-Asian Friendship Invitational Tournament; this April this year, the Ali sisters practised together with the Chinese players and accompanied them on sightsee­ year, the number participating in the championships ing visits. This year, the moment the Ali sisters arrived and the Asian Table Tennis Union Congress has in­ in Peking, they anxiously looked for their Chinese ac­ creased to 31. It can be predicted that more countries quaintances while making friends with players from and friends will take part in the Asian-African-Latin other lands. American Friendship Invitational Tournament in Pe­ Burmese girl player Ma Aye Aye Win had an au­ king next year and the 1974 Second Asian Table Tennis tograph album on which a friend of hers wrote before Championships in Japan.

Peking Medical Teams Tour Rural Areas

by Yi Lien

AFTER louring the countryside for medical and health work, put the about a year, providing medical stress on the rural areas," medical services to the peasants and herds­ workers in Peking and other cities men, seven medical teams have re­ began organizing mobile medical turned to Peking. Most of the team teams to serve the peasants. Chair­ members were doctors, including man Mao criticized at the time the some well-known specialists with shortage of medical services and decades of experience behind them. medicines in the rural areas, caused There were also a number of phar­ by the intervention of the revisionist macists, nurses, midwives, X-ray line. and laboratory technicians. Their The call has received nationwide trips took them to national minority support. During the Great Cultural areas on the borders, out-of-the-way Revolution which started in 1966, mountain regions and places where medical workers and those working in endemic diseases were relatively pharmaceutical and medical equip­ common. They visited, among other ment departments criticized the re­ places, the Tibetan Plateau which is visionist line pushed by Liu Shao-chi known as the "Roof of the World," and other political swindlers and took northwest China in 1967. and this the deserts in the northwest and the a series of measures to improve the has since become a regular practice. Tai Autonomous Chou to the south­ medical and health work among the To date, about 6.000 medical workers west. hundreds of millions of peasants. have been to the city's outskirts or Mobile teams were subsequently distant parts of the country. They Chairman Mao's Call organized. went in rotation, generally for a In response to Chairman Mao's Peking hospitals sent their first period ranging from six to twelve inspiring call of June 26, 1965 "In team to work in the countryside of months.

12 Peking Review, No. 38 Scanned and prepared by It's Right to Rebel! irtr.org/cra IRTR Cultural Revolution Archive [email protected] doctors"* who go deep among the masses, they make house-to-house visits to treat the sick. This was no easy job. A small group sent to the Northern Kansu Mongolian Autonomous Courtly with an area of 40,000 square kilometres, for instance, had to make the rounds across deserts and grasslands where each family of herdsmen living in a yurt grazes about 800 horses or sheep. To facilitate their work which often necessitated travelling some 30 li from one yurt to another, man and woman members of the group learnt how to ride horses or camels. As often as not. they set out at dawn, bringing with them their medical kits, water canteens and food, and when they reached a yurt, Members of a Peking medical team on their way to see patients. they warmly greeted the herdsmen, inquiring into their living and health conditions. Medical treatment was The team which recently returned Great Proletarian Cultural Revolu­ given at once to those who needed from the Chiuchuan special adminis­ tion. Every county now has one to it. trative region in Kansu Province had three hospitals which also serve as more than 300 members, of whom centres of guidance for the county's They visited in about one year 180 were women. medical and health work, every com- more than 45.000 yurts with 223.000 persons. The area has a vast stretch of mune has a clinic and every produc­ desert and grassland through which tion brigade a medical station. The Kening, a 59-year-old Mongolian the Silk Road, opened 2,000 years number of trained doctors and tech­ herdsman, got his gastric ulcer ago by Han Dynasty envoys, passed, nicians in the area now exceeds 1,000. when he was driven by poverty to go begging in the old society. The leading to central and west Asia and Compared with the cities and other Europe. Divided into nine counties medical treatment he received after parts in the interior, however, with a total area of 300.000 square liberation failed to cure him com­ medical and health work in Chiu­ kilometres, it is now inhabited by pletely. When the Peking med­ chuan is still comparatively back­ more than 640.000 people of Han. ical workers visited his home, they ward. When the Peking medical team Manchu, Mongolian, Hui, Tibetan, found him so ill and emaciated came, the members took pride in Kazakh and other nationalities. that he could hardly eat anything. having the chance to live and work Sparsely populated and lacking in They decided to operate there and in this area. They conveyed the transport facilities, it was backward then, and took turns to look after solicitude of Chairman Mao and the economically and culturally, and him for five days and nights. medical and health conditions here Party to the broad masses of peas­ Recalling that his father and two before liberation were shocking. ants, herdsmen and other people of elder brothers had died beggars on the There were in 1949 only four poorly various nationalities in the border equipped clinics in the county towns, area, and did their best to live up to each with no more than five medical expectations. * "Barefoot doctors" are peasants workers. The situation was even trained to give medical treatment and advice on hygiene locally without more appalling in the vast rural and Yurt-to-Yurt Visits leaving their farm work. Called this pastoral areas, where practically no In 'he past, the doctors on the because they first made their ap­ medical services were available. pearance in rice-growing east China, team, working in city hospitals, used where they customarily went barefoot, Great changes have taken place to wait for the patients to come to across the fields to attend peasant- since liberation, especially since the them. Mow, emulating the "barefoot patients.

September 22, 1972 13

Scanned and prepared by It's Right to Rebel! irtr.org/cra IRTR Cultural Revolution Archive [email protected] streets in the old society when they The incidence of many other diseases medicinal herb which they decocted fell ill and had no money to see a has gone down while the peo­ and gave the ailing peasants or herds­ doctor, the old man said with emo­ ple's health has shown great im­ men while making their rounds. provement. tion: "I'm saved by Chairman Mao's To prevent diseases, the medical revolutionary line in medical and The mobile medical team set itself team helped local inhabitants im­ health work. I thank Chairman Mao the task of making a general survey prove their sanitary conditions in for sending us such fine doctors!" of common diseases in various every possible way. In Tunghuang County whose ancient mural paint­ There were many similar instances. localities and taking adequate meas­ ures to prevent and treat them. In ings are world famous, there is a Huszuman. a Kazakh shepherd in a year's time, it had made a survey commune located close to the alka­ the Akese Autonomous County, one of brucellosis (Malta fever) and line dry river bed. For years its day suddenly had an acute headache chronic bronchitis of the aged members failed to find wells with the cause of which the local doctors among a large number of peasants, potable water. Though members could not diagnose. After a careful herdsmen and their families. of the medical team knew nothing examination several experienced about sinking wells, they were eager doctors of a Peking" team found that A five-member group under the to serve the people, and this he was suffering from brain abscess. team found some patients in the prompted them to do what they could With the help of local doctors, they Pulungchi Commune in Ansi County to help solve this knotty problem. performed an emergency brain suffering from Malta fever, a recur­ Time and again they called on rent disease contracted from infected operation which saved the patient veteran peasants who were animals which gradually debilitates from the clutches of death. thoroughly familiar with the place, the victims. Members of the group held six discussion meetings and examined the local inhabitants and solicited opinions from some 140 peo­ Prevention First their domestic animals one by one, ple. Pooling the masses' wisdom and "Put prevention first." This is giving treatment to the patients and in co-operation with the local peo­ infected animals and imparting another important directive from ple, they succeeded in sinking 12 knowledge on its prevention. When Chairman Mao on medical and wells from which good drinking the patients returned to their villages health work. Over the 20-odd years water was obtained. after they were cured, they passed since liberation, thanks to intensive on what they had learnt to their medical treatment and various pre­ folks at home with the result that Training Local Medical Workers ventive measures ranging from not a single new case of brucellosis The medical team also helped the popularizing knowledge on hygiene, has been discovered in the commune local people develop their own improving environmental sanitation ever since. to oral administration of preventive medical work. In a year, they ran medicine and inoculations, many in­ In making a general survey of 44 short-term classes for sur­ fectious diseases once rampant in old chronic bronchitis among the old gery, ophthalmology, gynecology, China, such as smallpox and cholera, people, the group found that in this obstetrics, acupuncture anaesthesia, have been brought under control. locality the percentage of people traditional Chinese medicine and over 50 suffering herbal pharmacology, X-ray exami­ from the disease nation and photography and labor­ was slightly higher atory work etc. About 1.000 local than that in vil­ medical workers attended. lages in other parts These courses were an integration of the interior. In of theory and practice. The ophthal­ most cases, the mology course at Tunghuang's cause could be Changfeng Brigade was under the traced back to charge of Peking's well-known eye their miserable life specialist Fu Shou-ching. For nine in the old society. days. Dr. Fu took 26 local medical The prevention workers with him on his rounds and, and curing of this back in the classroom, he used these disease is a long- cases as examples to throw light on term task. Besides his lectures, thereby enhancing the using common understanding of all his trainees. Western and Chi­ nese medicines, the The team has in 12 months trained medical workers 470 peasants to become "barefoot successfully exper­ doctors" with a rudimentary know­ imented with a ledge of traditional Chinese and Operating on a commune member in his home. kind of desert Western medicine as well as 1,200

14 Peking Review, No. 38 Scanned and prepared by It's Right to Rebel! irtr.org/cra IRTR Cultural Revolution Archive [email protected] health workers and mid wives. Apart The medical team laid special need only pay a very small fee for from acquiring some basic theoreti­ stress on using acupuncture and local medical treatment. cal knowledge of medicine, these medicinal herbs to treat the sick. Looking back to that year of un­ peasant medical workers spent most Simple, economical and efficacious, forgettable experience, members of of their time with the team members these methods are not only favoured the medical team said they had found touring the countryside treating and by the masses but are conducive to it extremely helpful. Keeping in close preventing diseases. Such practical consolidating the co-operative med­ contact with the working people, medical work was most helpful to ical system in the countryside. they have come to understand them their rapid progress. Today, in the better and love them more than ever Under the system, the people's com­ Chiuchuan area, every commune before. In our socialist society in mune lays aside a certain amount of clinic has a dozen or more medical which the working people are the the public welfare fund to finance workers, every production brigade masters, the intellectuals must move two to three "barefoot doctors" and the medical service while the state their feet over to the side of the every production team one or two gives all necessary help, so that com­ working people in order to do their health workers of its own. mune members and their dependents job well.

Dedication to the Revolution Young Worker Chen Tai-shan

Not long ago, Chen Tai-shan, a young worker at the Chang­ chun No. 1 Motor Vehicles Plant, laid down his life for the revolutionary cause. In response to his previous application, the plant's Parly committee has posthumously admitted him into the Communist Party. The Kirin Provincial Revolutionary Committee has conferred on him the title of honour "Revolu­ tionary Martyr," calling on the young workers and the masses to emulate him. At present, youth throughout the nation are learning from his exemplary deeds. — Ed.

N September 1968. 21-year-old tirelessly studied technical literature he was doing. He always asked him­ I Chen Tai-shan graduated from and his knowledge of the structure self: "What have I done for my middle school and went to work at of motor vehicles quickly increased. country?" the No. 1 Motor Vehicles Plant in Before long, he set the record time A keen sportsman. Chen train­ Changchun, northeast China. He was of 1 min. 25 sec. for fixing a steering ed often on the horizontal and full of resolve to do his best for the rod. the standard time allowed being parallel bars to keep himself fit. motherland's socialist construction. 2 min. 4 sec. He loved swimming, running, and When he saw the importance of Chinese boxing, too. He also took What Have I Done for My Country? co-ordination in assembly line work. an active, part in singing, dancing The very first day at the plant, Chen began to learn other jobs on and other cultural activities, occa­ Chen was infected by the hustle and the line so that he could lend a hand sionally taking part in performances bustle of the assembly workshop. when necessary. A lad of small at other factories. He was a con­ When he began to find his way build, he took on jobs which called tributor to the Changchun Art and around, he volunteered to learn the for greater physical efforts despite Literature gazette as well as the most demanding job there — fitting friendly dissuasions. "We must build plant's wall-newspaper, and was the on the steering rods, which required composer of a number of songs and up cur physique so as to be able to higher skill and quicker movements, poems in praise of workers, peasants do all kinds of hard work," he said, He carefully observed each move­ and People's Liberation Armymen. "rather than suit the work to our ment the veteran workers made, and strength." He practised with dumb­ practised it hundreds of times after bells and in less than a year could Studying for the Cause of work. When other comrades noticed Communism this and asked, he said: "It's not take on any of the 16 jobs in his enough merely to have the wish to shift- Chen came of a worker's family. serve the people, we must have the Over the last three years, he has His father was a rickshaw-puller in skill to do it." In a week, he had fitted tens of thousands of steering the old society and had suffered learnt operations that usually took rods without a single mishap, but he constant humiliation and mistreat­ beginners a month to master. He was never content with the fine work ment. His mother became a child

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labourer at a tobacco factory at 14. never failed to remind himself to be bed two fire extinguishers and Working conditions were so bad that on guard against corrosive bourgeois ran to the scene, shouting: "Com­ she eventually lost the use of one ideas. As socialist production de­ rades, Fire! Fire!" People ar­ eye. veloped, the people's living standards rived from all directions, and Chen naturally improved. Chen reasoned Chen had wept himself out when was right in the front, fearlessly to himself, but if one neglected the he wrote down his family's history fighting the spreading flames. Sud­ in a notebook. He often said to his interests of the revolution to seek denly, by the light of the fire. Chen sister: "We are working-class child­ personal comfort, it was a sure caught sight of rows of paint cans, ren. We must never forget the past." sign of selfishness, a bourgeois trait. with the flames fast approaching Liberation gave him a new lease of Newcomer Li Kou-wei, a Commu­ them. At any moment the highly life. While at middle school, Chen nist Youth League member, was a inflammable paint could explode and saved his pocket money to buy works lively, energetic lad who had grad­ cause serious damage. "Get the by Chairman Mao Tsetung and ually acquired some expensive hab­ cans out!" Chen shouted as he its. Chen did not look down on stories about heroes dedicated to the plunged into the fire, picked up a him, instead he went out of his way socialist cause. He and his classmates 30-jin can and dashed out of the to make friends with him. One formed a study group in which they shop. Despite the obvious danger of studied Chairman Mao's Orientation evening as the two prepared to leave an explosion, he did this again and of the Youth Movement, and the the dining hall, Li casually tossed again, and did not give up even when Manifesto of the Communist Party away the left-overs from his dinner. by Marx and Engels. He modelled Chen was shocked. "Li," he said, "in his clothes caught fire. As he was himself after heroes like Tung Tsun- the old society, your parents and carrying out the seventh can, it jui, Huang Chi-kuang, Lei Feng, mine were working people. They exploded, spraying him from head to Wang Chieh and Ouyang Hai who never had enough to eat. We're foot with burning paint. Chen was had laid down their lives for the living a decent life today, but that literally a living torch. The comrades doesn't mean we can waste things." revolution and socialist construction. rolled him on the ground to put He reminded Li of other instances of Emulating Lei Feng's wholehearted out the fire, but he struggled to get service to the people. Chen spent his extravagance and waste. But Li up, hoarsely crying: "We have to put many of his free hours doing odd merely laughed. "Going after crea­ out the fire. . .!" Then he fell un­ jobs for families of armymen and ture comforts is not the ideal of the revolutionary martyrs, or helping out working class," Chen said. conscious. at the railway station, the cinema "A meaningful life is or other public centres. A diligent one in which we do every­ student who was constantly raising thing we can for the coun­ his political consciousness, he was try. We are young. We admitted into the Communist Youth should devote our energies League soon after entering middle to the cause of the revolu­ school. tion." Moved by Chen's His desire to make progress po­ friendly advice and criti­ litically grew stronger after coming cism, Li gradually mended to the plant. He devoted much time his ways. and energy to political studies during Chen was equally warm the off-hours. He said: "How can to other young people in anyone dedicated to emancipating all the workshop. With the mankind not study Marxism-Lenin­ guidance and education ism-Mao Tsetung Thought?" Over provided by the workshop the years, he has read the four- Party and Youth League volume Selected Works of Mao branches and with Chen's Tsetung and other Marxist-Leninist help, the young men and women there made swift literature like The State and Revolu­ political and ideological tion and The Civil War in France. progress. Veteran workers always found Chen a willing and modest pupil, True and Pure keen on learning from others their Around nine o'clock on fine qualities and styles of work. the night of December 25 last year, a fire broke out Youth League Branch Member in the paint spraying A member of the workshop Com­ workshop of the general Chiang Wen-hsueh, who also fought the fire, munist Youth League branch, Chen assembly line. Chen grab­ recounts Chen Tai-shan's exemplary deeds.

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The day after he was rushed A few days later, Chen's condi­ his mind. . . when I'm well ... I to hospital. Chen regained conscious­ tion took a turn for the worse. must speak to him. . . ." These ness. "Where am I?" he asked and Everything possible was done by the were his last words. tried to get up. "I must get back doctors and nurses to save him. to the plant," he gasped. But he Chiang Wen-hsueh, another worker Chen Tai-shan gave his life for the was too weak. Badly burnt, he was who had sustained slight burns, came revolution. After his death, people in constant pain. When the medical to see him. For a moment, Chen found this passage in his diary: "A workers came to change his dressings, came out of his long coma and, match gives fire and then goes out. they were extremely troubled, for the opening his eyes, moved his lips as But the fire it kindles is a million pain it caused him was almost un­ if he would speak. Chiang had to times greater than its own. One is bearable to watch. "Go on, I can bend close to catch the words. He true and pure if he is willing to be stand it," Chen urged them. For heard Chen faintly name another a match to kindle the flames of 46 days, he grappled with death. comrade, ". . . He has something on socialism."

Tanzania

Agricultural Progress in Full Swing

GREAT changes have taken place used for rural development and proj­ methods of cultivation and populariz­ in Tanzania's vast countryside ects connected with it. Government ing the more advanced farm tools. in the ten years since independence. appropriations have in fact far Commissioned in June 1970. the Poverty and backwardness of the exceeded this as the spending on Ubungo Farm Implement Factory, rural areas, outcome of long years of rural development projects in the the first of its kind built by the colonial exploitation, are being done fiscal year 1971/72 alone amounted Tanzanians themselves, is now turn­ away with under the guidance of the to 60 per cent of the total outlay ing out large quantities of top-notch Tanganyika African National Union so envisaged in the Second Five-Year farm implements for the countryside. (TANU) and the Tanzanian Govern­ Plan. ment led by President Julius Nyerere. With a view to transforming the State banks have likewise granted scattered individual rural economy, huge loans to rural areas. In the Agriculture Is Basis of Development President Nyerere has called on the fiscal year 1970/71 the National 11 million peasants in Tanzania to President Nyerere laid it down in Bank of Commerce advanced loans organize themselves into ujamaa December 1965 that "agricultural to the tune of 521 million shilling's, (Swahili: familyhood) villages. In the progress is the basis of Tanzanian and in 1971/72 such loans hit 661 spirit of self-reliance, the ujamaa development" and reaffirmed this in million, an increase of 27 per cent. villagers have opened up large tracts September 1967 when he declared, The Tanzanian Rural Development of land and built many houses. Most "The land is the only basis for Bank, founded by the government in of these villages now have their own May 1971 especially to serve the Tanzania's development." The Aru- schools, clinics and irrigation works. sha Declaration, too, stipulates that rural areas, has branched out in 12 "agriculture is the basis of develop­ regions throughout the country and TANU's National Executive Com­ ment."* issued loans totalling 54.5 million mittee, which met in Iringa last May, shillings in a year's time. further confirmed the development of The Tanzanian Government has agriculture as its basic policy and followed this line and aided agricul­ The government attaches great placed emphasis on the need to im­ tural development in many ways. importance to the development of prove farming methods, provide water conservancy projects as a Its Second Five-Year Development better tools and more chemical ferti­ means to raise agricultural produc­ Plan (1969-74) provides that 60 per lizers, so as to raise the per-acre tion; according to its Second Five- cent of the annual expenditure be yields. Year Plan, 48 million shillings have been set aside for this scheme but * The Arusha Declaration of February actual progress of the work indicates Ten Years' Achievements 1967 approved by TANU urged, among that government investment will be other things, to lay emphasis on national much heavier than that. The cultivated area in this country- self-reliance rather than depending on is steadily expanding: from 29 million foreign loans and grants for develop­ ment, also on raising the living The Tanzanian Government has acres in 1964 to 39 million acres in standards of the peasants. done a great deal in improving the 1970.

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In the period between 1961, the year such plantations to increase state thirst, the elder folks went to beg for of independence, and 1971, the output revenue. water for their children, only to be of principal cash crops has increased killed by the colonialist who cast loose Much has been done in popularizing by leaps and bounds — that of cotton his hounds to snap them before they advanced farming methods and train­ rose from 30,000 tons to 66,000 tons; could reach "his" water tap! In the ing agro-technicians. Apart from the coffee increased from 20.000 tons 1954 famine, over 20.000 peasants had Central Agricultural College in the to 45.000 tons; and cane sugar from to flee their land, more than 3.000 of Dar-es-Salaam University, there are 29.000 to 95.000 tons. them were forced to work as hired 17 farmers' training centres in various labourers in the sisal plantations of Remarkable results have been parts of the country, where leaders of the colonialists in Tanga. achieved in the diversification of food the ujamaa villages receive special crops. The production of maize, a training. By June this year, a total After independence, the people in staple food of the Tanzanian people, of 600 trainees from the ujamaa Dodoma have been anxious to prevail has been increasing over the last few villages had completed a 3-month over the poverty and starvation left years. In 1970/71 it was more than course at these centres. by colonial domination. Under the sufficient to meet the home consump­ leadership of President Nyerere and tion, and, for the first time in history, the Tanzanian Government, and in Dodoma Forges Ahead Tanzania had maize for export, response to the call for developing amounting to 45,000 tons. The pro­ ujamaa villages, they have sunk The Dodoma region in the heart­ duction of rice shows more marked wells, built small water conservancy land of Tanzania has made outstand­ increase. The self-sufficiency target works for rehabilitation. The Presi­ ing progress in agriculture. envisaged in the Second Five-Year dent has been in Dodoma on many Plan is already fulfilled and there is Under colonial rule the local people occasions to give personal guidance even a surplus for export. were ruthlessly exploited and many in the collective development of agri­ were forced into poverty and star­ culture. This has greatly fired the Sisal used to be a major item of vation. In the 1930s, Dodoma peasants' enthusiasm and promoted Tanzania's exports; its production region was hit by serious drought the development of ujamaa villages, which suffered considerably as a re- for three years in succession: grass on which now number 84 in the region sult of imperialist manoeuvres to pastures dried up, cattle perished and with a population of more than force down the price on the inter­ the grain crops failed. A few places 100,000. national market, is again on the up­ where water and grass could still be After years of hard struggle the grade. Positive steps have been taken found were fenced in by the colonial­ people of Dodoma have succeeded in to encourage the growth of this spe­ ists as their private grazing grounds. bringing about a constant rise in farm cial hemp crop and in the last few The local herdsmen, now that they output. Last year, they brought in a years its output has been on a par had lost their cattle and sheep, were fairly good maize harvest and sold with the peak level under colonial forced off the land into Dodoma's to the National Agricultural Products domination. Maize, rice, wheat and urbanized districts. There, some Board 44,836 bags (90 kilogrammes other crops have been grown on herdsmen and their families saw a per bag). The people of Dodoma who former sisal plantations where this colonialist actually watering flowers in the past had to live on relief most crop did not promise well. Cattle- in his garden. Suffering from the of the time have now produced more raising is also being developed on pangs of hunger and parched with maize they can consume.

(Continued from p. 5.) Party members made up 46 per cent a message on September 15 to Luis of the first group of educated youth Echeverria Alvarez, President of the Region, has sent his daughter. Chen this year to go to the countryside United States of Mexico, greeting Fu-lung, deputy secretary of the from Keshan County in Heilungkiang the 162nd anniversary of the inde­ Party Committee of the Chelimu Province. pendence of Mexico. League in Kirin Province, who has three children already settled in the Representatives from those who A Acting Chairman Tung Pi-wu and countryside, has just sent his fourth. had left Peking. Wuhan and other Premier Chou En-lai on September In Hsiangtan city, Hunan Province, cities over the past few years for the 17 sent a message to Salvador Al- Hu Cheng-hai and Chou Wu-nung, countryside were invited back to lende Gossens, President of the Re­ two deputy directors of the Public speak about their experiences and public of Chile, greeting the National Health Bureau, Liu Hsin-hsueh, a achievements before parents and the Day of the Republic of Chile. new batch of graduates. veteran Red Armyman and deputy A The Egyptian Government Indus­ head of the Chiangnan Machinery trial Delegation led by Ali Fahmy Plant, were among many who NEWS BRIEFS Talha, General Director of the Egyp­ have sent their children to the tian Organization of Textiles, paid a villages this year. Children of lead­ • Tung Pi-wu, Acting Chairman of friendly visit to China from August ing cadres at various levels and the People's Republic of China, sent 29 to September 12.

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munitions and aircraft set up a con­ ROUND THE WORLD tinuous bang lasting several hours. In the attack, more than 100 jet planes and helicopters were destroy­ ed, 45 U.S. soldiers and 50 U.S. and SOUTH VIET NAM into a long strip of cemetery for puppet senior technicians were killed many U.S. aggressor and puppet or wounded, and two aircraft repair Continuous Onslaught on Enemy troops. plants, two munitions storages and large quantities of war materials According to incomplete statistics, Since the end of March this year, were destroyed. the continuous hard-hitting attacks from April 4 to September 5, 1972, The Bien Hoa airfield which is by the armed forces and people of the armed forces and people in 150 only a little over 20 kilometres south Viet Nam against the enemy days and nights of fierce fighting on northeast of Saigon is one of the have brought tremendous victories. Highway 13 killed, wounded or cap­ biggest air bases of the U.S. impe­ According to South Viet Nam Giai tured more than 28,000 enemy troops, rialists in south Viet Nam. With Phong Press Agency reports, 280,000 seized or destroyed large numbers of reinforced concrete runways and so­ enemy troops were killed, wounded aircraft and various types of weapons phisticated equipment, it can handle or captured over the past five and other war materials. During this all types of jet planes. This base has months; 5,800 military vehicles, in­ period, the People's Liberation been attacked many times by the cluding some 2.000 tanks and Armed Forces had control of the 20- South Viet Nam People's Liberation armoured cars, 1,300 artillery kilometre stretch between south of Armed Forces since 1964. In 15 pieces, 40,000 other weapons and An Loc and north of Chon Thanh. attacks on a larger scale, a total of hundreds of thousands of tons of Two districts and nearly 30 villages nearly 900 aircraft were destroyed munitions, were destroyed or cap­ along this section of the highway and 3,000 enemy personnel were put tured. The armed forces and people were liberated. out of action. of south Viet Nam downed or Fighting in Quang Tri and Thua destroyed on the ground 1.850 Thien. From these two provinces the WESTERN EUROPE aircraft, sank 330 warships and enemy sent two strategic reserve di­ gunboats, blew up 600 oil depots, visions, three armoured regiments Ten-Nation Agreement and some ten artillery regiments to ammunition dumps and warehouses The finance and foreign ministers attack the liberated areas, but suc­ for other war materials. During this of the six Common Market nations cessive heavy blows by the People's period, they also pulverized many (France, West Germany, Italy, the Liberation Armed Forces on an ex­ strongly fortified lines of defence Netherlands. Belgium and Luxem­ tensive scale brought the enemy dis­ and clutches of enemy strongholds on bourg) and the four candidate coun­ astrous defeat. About 9,000 enemy the various battlefields to liberate tries (Britain, Ireland, Norway and troops were put out of action in the whole Quang Tri Province and Denmark) held meetings in Rome, August. From September 10 to 12 parts of Binh Dinh, Kon Turn and the capital of Italy, on September alone. 1,100 enemy troops were wip­ Binh Long Provinces and set some 11 and 12 and reached an agreement ed out. In their attempt to salvage two and a half million people free. of principle on the establishment of its puppet troops, the U.S. imperial­ All these victories are creating ex­ a European monetary fund and the ists mustered a horde of aircraft, in­ tremely favourable conditions for convening of a 10-nation summit cluding B-52 bombers, and warships defeating the U.S. imperialists' policy meeting as originally scheduled. of "Vietnamizing" the war. Follow­ to launch successive attacks on Quang To strengthen their unity against ing are battle reports from several Tri City. In the five days from the threats and interference by the areas. September 7 to 11, as much as 10,000 tons of bombs were dropped over and two superpowers, the ten countries Feats on Highway 13. This strategic about the city. They even went to have held a series of finance and highway winds north from Saigon to the length of using bombs and shells foreign ministers' meetings this year northeast Cambodia and western loaded with poisonous chemicals. to discuss the development of eco­ Laos, passing through Vientiane and These barbarous acts of U.S. imperial­ nomic and political co-operation with­ ending up in Luang Prabang. Along ism have aroused the condemnation in the Common Market. During the its 160-kilometre section inside south of world public opinion. September 11-12 session, the finance Viet Nam are, from south to north, Bien Hoa Airfield Shelled. At 09:00 and foreign ministers met separately the important cities and towns of hours on September 10, gunners of on the first day and the next morn­ Thu Dau Mot, Ben Cat, Lai Khe, Bau the People's Liberation Armed ing and then held a joint meeting Bang, Chon Thanh, An Loc and Loc Forces in Bien Hoa Province pound­ in the next afternoon. The finance Ninh. It is what the U.S.-puppet ed the U.S.-puppets' airfield in Bien ministers discussed mainly concrete clique calls its "defence line north of Hoa, scoring hits on its munitions measures to be taken for the gradual Saigon." However, the heroic south depot, jet and helicopter parks and realization of an economic and Vietnamese people in their war of quarters housing U.S. officers and monetary union of the market, while resistance against U.S. aggression and other military personnel. Exploding the foreign ministers devoted them­ for national salvation have turned it selves chiefly to preparations for the

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10-nation summit meeting scheduled cided that the summit would open in Radio Prague stated on September for October this year. The results Paris on October 19. final agreement 11 that "Shield 72" was an answer of the meetings showed that the had not been reached because of the to NATO's provocative exercises. progress achieved by the finance conflict of interests among the In the wake of the Warsaw Pact ministers in the economic field countries concerned over a number Organization's major military exer­ "cleared the way" for the foreign of issues. French President Georges cise in Czechoslovakia, NATO started ministers to reach agreement on the Pompidou indicated earlier this year a large-scale military exercise on date for the summit meeting. that it would be better to postpone September 14. the summit than to hold it without The main outcome of the finance The NATO headquarters an­ concrete results. After frequent con­ ministers' meeting was their agree­ nounced that the exercise, code- sultations among the nations in ment on the setting up of a European named "Strong Express," will last, recent months, however, the 10- monetary fund. By the end of 1973. until September 28. It includes joint nation ministers' meetings at last a fund with a total of 1,400 million operations by land, naval and air agreed on the holding of the summit units of account (equal to the U.S. forces. Over ten countries are taking as scheduled, pending final approval dollars at the pro-devaluation rate) part in the exercise, including the by their government leaders. Western v. ill be established to provide short- United States. Britain. West Ger­ news agencies generally held that term credit to the member nations many, Italy and France. The exercise the summit meeting is virtually with unfavourable balance of pay­ is being conducted in an area covering certain to be held as planned on ments, so as to stabilize their cur­ the North Atlantic and adjacent land October 19 in Paris. The agreement rencies and keep them inside the and sea areas, including the east on the summit makes it clear that bands of fluctuation which are nar­ coast of North America. Norway, the despite their existing conflicting in­ rower than those stipulated by the North Sea. the English Channel Ap­ terests, the West European countries International Monetary Fund. The proaches and the Iberian Peninsula. are moving towards the strength­ European monetary fund will also Apart from various air and naval ening of union as they generally be used for consultations among the manoeuvres, two landing exercises desire to uphold their independence member countries and serve as a will be staged on the Norwegian and handle West European affairs by centre of debt settlements. coast. themselves. The finance ministers' programme The British paper The Times said for establishing the monetary fund in a commentary on September 13 will be submitted to the summit WARSAW PACT AND NATO that the NATO "exorcise is some­ meeting for approval. Concrete thing of a political reply to large- measures and other details for the Massive Military Exercises scale Soviet exercises in the north in implementation of the programme The Warsaw Pact states held a the past few years. It reflects mili­ remain to be discussed. massive military exercise recently tary concern over the expansion of At the foreign ministers' meeting and the large-scale military exercise Soviet forces in the north. . . ." and the joint meeting of the foreign of the North Atlantic Treaty Organi­ It was also reported that NATO and finance ministers it was unani­ zation is still going on. started on September 16 the annual mously agreed to hold the summit The exercise by the joint armed manoeuvres "Deep Furrow 72" in the meeting in Paris on October 19 as forces of the Warsaw Pact states, eastern Mediterranean Sea. Partici­ scheduled. code-named "Shield 72," was held pating in the manoeuvres are units A Common Market summit on the territory of the Czechoslovak of the armed forces of the United meeting was suggested by France in Socialist Republic from September 12 States, Italy and some other coun­ August last year for the purpose of to 15. A.A. Grechko, Soviet Minister tries. strengthening and promoting eco­ of Defence, I.I. Yakubovsky, First In a recent article on the military nomic and political union among the Vice-Minister of Defence of the exercises by the armed forces of West. European countries. Decision U.S.S.R. and Commander-in-Chief of NATO and the Warsaw Pact Organi­ to call a summit was made by the the combined armed forces of the zation, the Yugoslav weekly Ko- six-nation foreign ministers' meet­ Warsaw Pact states, and others went munist noted that military exercises, ing held in Italy last November. personally to Czechoslovakia to or­ and joint military exercises in par­ According to a tentative decision ganize, direct and watch it. Partici­ ticular, "assume ever more frequent­ reached at the meeting, the summit pating in the exercise were about ly the character of demonstration of will discuss economic and monetary 100,000 men of the armed forces from military power, political blackmail union, relations with countries out­ the Soviet Union, Hungary, the Ger­ and psychological pressure." It point­ side the community and closer polit­ man Democratic Republic, Poland and ed out that since 1960, 23 major joint ical co-operation among the mem­ Czechoslovakia, including motorized exercises and manoeuvres of the ber countries. A series of meetings units, engineer and tank units, artil­ armed forces of the Warsaw Pact have been held this year by the lery and air forces. The Czechoslovak members have been held. During foreign ministers of the ten countries News Agency (C.T.K.) said that this the same period, NATO had more in preparation for the summit meet­ was "one of the biggest exercises of than 35 joint exercises and manoeu­ ing. Though they tentatively de­ the Warsaw Treaty armed forces." vres of similar character.

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promptly accepted the request and ON THE HOME FRONT worked out measures to fulfil it. Last March, a textile machinery plant in Shanghai, on receiving the task of aiding a foreign coun­ More Savings in Peking than half of the workers in that fac­ try, suddenly cancelled its order And Shanghai tory have bank accounts. Almost for a ton or so of ordinary tubes with a diameter of 1.5 cm., and Y the end of July, Peking's every household of a production team of the Shihchingshan Commune in wanted instead shaped tubes of seven B savings deposits had risen 13.6 different specifications, among which per cent over that at the end of 1971. Peking's suburbs has money in the bank. The same is true for some the shortest was only one metre long, The increase registered in the first the largest diameter was 90 cm. and seven months of this year was 28.7 companies of the People's Liberation Army. for a certain specification only two per cent higher than that for the were wanted. The switch meant much Prices and the value of the Ren­ whole of last year. more work. To change or not? The minbi (Chinese currency) have re­ From January to August this year, workers to a man agreed that they mained stable in the years after lib­ 493,000 new accounts were opened in must comply with the request as it eration, which is why people are Shanghai. By the end of August, was their internationalist duty. They willingly putting their surplus money there was a 8.5 per cent increase in worked happily at it and produced into the bank to assist national savings deposits as compared to the the tubes in good time. same period last year, of which more construction. The Party Committee of the Shang­ than 80 per cent were for fixed pe­ hai Shaped Steel Tubing Mill reg­ riods of one year or more. Playing a Supplementary ularly sends its workers and staff to More savings reflect a developing Role Well solicit opinions from factories which national economy, bringing in its RAPID development of China's so- use their products. Once when they wake a steadily rising standard of cialist construction calls for more called at a medical equipment riving for the people. Shanghai's and better shaped steel tubes of a factory, they noticed workers there Fankua Lane, for instance, was a wider range. The Shanghai Shaped cutting grooves into the square slum housing 3,800 families of labour­ Steel Tubing Mill is one of the pro­ tubes they had made for X-ray ing people before liberation. They ducers meeting the demand. But it machines, wasting a lot of time and lived in dire straits, inadequately seems as if it merely plays a "supple­ material. Back in the mill, they tried clothed, undernourished and con­ mentary role" compared with what and succeeded in making exactly the stantly in and out of the pawnshops. the big rolling mills are asked to do. type of grooved tubes the X-ray borrowing money at exorbitant rates. More often than not, orders are for machine manufacturers wanted. In Fankua Lane today are blocks of a limited number of tubes, urgently new five-storeyed buildings housing needed and difficult to make. Seldom Pisciculture in Inner working families with fixed jobs and is it asked to turn out in vast quan­ Mongolia stable incomes, enjoying daily im­ tities tubes of one specification. THE fishing industry is swiftly proving standards of living. Savings Nevertheless, the workers, moved by growing in the Inner Mongolian deposits in thai area at the end of a high sense of responsibility, do all Autonomous Region. Eight state- 1971 totalled 730.000 yuan, and de­ they can to satisfy the varied re­ owned fish farms and five hatch­ posits were one-third more at the quests of the mill's clients. Giving eries have been set up in this land­ end of August than in the same full play to the spirit of socialist co­ locked region and last year's catch period of 1971. operation, they pledge to "play the exceeded 5 million jin. On the outskirts of Shanghai, the supplementary role well." Inner Mongolia has favourable amount deposited by people's com­ Since 1958, this mill has turned conditions for developing piscicul­ mune members was 1.800 times out 2,755 varieties of steel tubes. ture. The Yellow River winding greater than in the early days after In May this year, the mill was some 790 kilometres through the re­ liberation. asked to make a 1.5-metre-long gion abounds in a special kind of Although their living standards are seamless steel tube of a very high carp, and the hundreds of lakes and up, most workers, cadres and com­ standard for use in the trial-produc­ reservoirs produce scores of different mune members still keep up the fine tion of a very important and urgently kinds of freshwater fish. One of tradition of hard work and plain needed product. The workers applied these is the silver carp which is on living. The . older workers of the themselves with a will and did the the national list as an excellent table Peking No. 3 Garment Factory, while job in two hours. Earlier, towards fish. living frugally themselves and put­ the end of January, some people Prior to liberation, fishing in this ting their savings in the bank, remem­ came to the mill with a request for region was limited to private indi­ ber to teach the younger workers to immediate delivery of a ton of viduals using primitive gear. The take live.well and reasonably and yet still shaped tubes. Although it had not re­ was insignificant, and there was have money to put in the bank. More ceived the order beforehand, the mill practically no artificial rearing. After

September 22, 1972 21

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liberation the autonomous region set up fish farms, putting all the larger lakes and reservoirs to good use. Local initiative turned the smaller reservoirs and bodies of water to ac- count and fishing enterprises to breed and cultivate fish on a lesser scale were set up. In some of the major fish farms such as the Huangchihai, Taihai and the Yellow River, motorized fishing boats have gradually made their appearance, and hauls have increased by a big margin.

Marvellous Marionettes THE Peking Puppet Theatre has recently come out with a splen­ did new repertoire, so splendid that Instrumental Group, new item of the Peking Puppet Theatre. many of the items have been filmed to reach a broader public. this theatre went to live and work An Instrumental Group illustrates with the labouring people in facto­ these devices particularly well. In One of them. The Cock Crows at ries and villages to acquire some of this captivating performance a pup­ Midnight, never fails to bring the their fine qualities. This would pet ensemble of 12 boys and girls children bouncing out of their seats better enable them to create heroic playing musical instruments like clapping and cheering for their little characters that arouse the admira­ highly trained members of a well- hero, a poor peasant boy who tion of the younger generation. For conducted orchestra creates a star­ cleverly frustrates the landlord's an item about two young sisters, tling, life-like effect. These little scheme. The plot is taken from a Lung-mei and Yu-jung, the staff wooden figures hold the audience popular children's story, Kao Yu-pao. went to the wind-swept grasslands entranced by their virtuosity in blow­ One night this 11-year-old boy of Inner Mongolia where they pas­ ing on the cornet or playing the gets out of bed to feed the landlord's tured the animals along with the flute while precisely pressing the oxen. He notices furtive movements herdsmen. They dramatized the true valves, gracefully bowing the erh hu in the dark. Could it be someone story of these two sisters who refused (two-stringed folk instrument) or the stealing chickens? He watches. A to abandon sheep in their charge be­ violin, plucking the pipa (zither-like shadow crouches down by the longing to the collective. For a instrument) and playing various chicken coop and crows like a roost­ whole day and night through a other instruments. er! Then standing up, it shouts raging blizzard the young heroines loudly to the sleeping hired hands to stood guard over the flock until Other items in the new repertoire get up and start the day's work. In grown-ups reached them. of the Peking Puppet Theatre include a flash, Kao sees through the trick. I Love Peking's Tien An Men, a song It's that old skinflint of a landlord Many ingenious improvements and dance by tiny tots, Yenpien Peo­ himself! Since the labourers must have been made in the mechanism ple Love Chairman Mao, a northeast start work at the first cock-crow, the of the puppets and other props by China Korean dance, There's a Golden old bloodsucker crows at midnight the theatre staff. Fitted with clev­ Sun in Peking, a Tibetan dance, and to get more work out of them! Kao erly constructed fingers which bond The Young Red Guards of the picks up a big stick and bats the at the joints, the marionettes can Grassland Have Seen Chairman Mao, landlord on the head shouting. now use their hands with great dex­ "Thief! Thief! I've caught a thief!" terity, pick up things, take off their an Inner Mongolian dance depicting hats and coats, smoke, and perform a group joyfully riding home on Another children's favourite is various other actions formerly im­ horseback. Young Guerrillas of Viet Nam. The possible. Fine, complicated mecha­ heroes are Vietnamese youngsters The marionettes charmingly and nisms have been set inside the dolls' who engage in adventurous exploits competently reproduce the various like downing a U.S.-aggressor plane heads and attached to strings by dance characteristics of three na­ with rifles, plunging into the water which the puppeteers can make them tional minorities of China. The to capture the air bandits, blasting raise their brows, roll their eyes, enthusiastic rounds of applause an enemy oil dump skyhigh with blink, move their lips, open and greeting them are well-earned trib­ hand-grenades and the like. close their mouths, turn their heads utes to the hard work, creativeness and change their facial expressions and nimble-fingered artistry of the During the Great Proletarian Cul­ to simulate all sorts of complex unseen men and women working the tural Revolution the puppeteers of emotions. strings below the stage. 22 Peking Review, No. 38

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Government has formally declared Canada in memory of this inter­ FRIENDSHIP LOG Doctor Bethune's great contributions nationalist fighter. to be of national historic significance because of his exceptional achieve­ A Pair of White-Lipped Deer ments. Now the province of Ontario Monument to Doctor Norman has also decided to take this measure On behalf of the children of Bethune Unveiled to commemorate Doctor Norman China. Chinese Ambassador to Sri Bethune at his birthplace at Graven­ The monument to Doctor Norman Lanka Ma Tzu-ching presented a hurst. This is an honour to the peo­ Bethune at his former home in pair of white-lipped deer to the ple of Gravenhurst and to all the Gravenhurst. Canada, was unveiled children of Sri Lanka at a ceremony people of Canada. This is also a tre­ on September 10. Over 300 people on September 7 at Colombo's Dehi- mendous encouragement to the Attended this ceremony which was wela Zoo. The gift was received by Chinese people. It will certainly con­ sponsored by the town authorities. P.B.G. Kalugalla, Minister of Ship­ tribute to the further development ping and Tourism, on behalf of the Mayor of Gravenhurst Cecil Schell of the traditional friendship between children of Sri Lanka. and Chinese Ambassador to Canada the Chinese and Canadian peoples." Yao Kuang spoke at the ceremony. Last June, when Sri Lanka's Prime He added: "We are happy to see Minister Madame Sirimavo Bandara- Mayor Schell said: "It is indeed that the seeds of friendship between naike visited China and presented an honour for me as Mayor of the Chinese and Canadian peoples the baby elephant Mithura to Gravenhurst to welcome you here on sown by Doctor Norman Bethune Chinese children on behalf of her this historic occasion, an occasion more than 30 years ago are blossom­ that in the minds of a great many ing and bearing fruit." country's children, Premier Chou Canadians was long overdue. I see En-lai said that to express their the Doctor as being a man who set At the end of his speech, the Am­ thanks for the friendship shown by a course in life which he believed bassador presented to Mayor Schell the Sri Lanka children, the Chinese was right, the purpose to help those a gingko wood sculpture captioned children will present a pair of white- who were under affliction and dis­ "Doctor Bethune at the Front," as a lipped deer to them. The pair of tress regardless of where it took him. gift to the people of Gravenhurst. He animals named Friendship and Hap­ His humanitarian service to mankind said that this small gift conveys the piness recently arrived in Sri Lanka. 30-odd years ago has today provided respects of the Chinese people to the a key towards establishing friendly people of Gravenhurst and Canada. Minister Kalugalla spoke at the relations between the two great ceremony. On behalf of the Sri nations." The monument, bearing a plaque Lanka people and children, he ex­ inscribed with the biography of pressed thanks to Chairman Mao and Ambassador Yao Kuang in his Doctor Norman Bethune, was erect­ the Chinese people and children for speech said: "Recently the Canadian ed by the Ontario Government of their friendly sentiments.

Visitors to the Chinese Pavilion a! the 1972 Cana­ dian National Exhibition see a model of the "Taching Oilfield.

September 22, 1972 23

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(In two volumes)

This book is intended for beginners learning Chinese. In two volumes, it consists of 66 lessons (including 12 lessons in phonetics and oral practice). There is a vocabulary table at the end of volume 2.

The aim of this book is to enable the student to speak and read simple Chinese, not to give a comprehensive and systematic knowledge of Chinese grammar. There are simple notes to the fundamental grammatical points in each lesson from lesson 13 on.

Upon completing the two volumes, beginners will be able to carry on everyday conversation and read simple Chinese.

Vol. 1 254 pp Vol, 2 398 pp

20.3 X 14 cm soft cover

Published by: COMMERCIAL PRESS, Peking, China

Distributed by: GUOZI SHUDIAN (China Publications Centre), Peking, China

MAIL ORDER DEPT. Order from your local bookseller or write direct to the GUOZI SHUDIAN P.O. Box 399, Peking, China

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