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7. Poria Cocos.Pdf Documento descargado de http://www.elsevier.es el 01/09/2009. Copia para uso personal, se prohíbe la transmisión de este documento por cualquier medio o formato. Rev Iberoam Micol. 2009;26(2):103-107 ISSN: 1130-1406 Volumen 26 Número 2 www.elsevier.es/RevIberoamMicol Bilbao, 30 de junio de 2009 REVISTA IBEROA EDITORIAL La Revista ibeRoameRicana de micología Molecular phylogeny of asexual se debe adaptar a los tiempos actuales entomopathogenic fungi with special Guillermo Quindós, Rocío Alonso-Vargas, m reference to Beauveria bassiana and ERI José A. Mena y Josep Guarro 95-96 Nomuraea rileyi c ANA DE Nageswara Rao Reddy Neelapu, Annette Reineke, FóRum mIcOLógIcO Uma Maheswara Rao Chanchala and Uma Devi Koduru 129-145 Confundiendo al confuso: reflexiones sobre el factor de impacto, el índice h(irsch), m NOTAS I el valor Q y otros factores que influyen Revista Iberoamericana c A case of colonization of a prosthetic mitral OLO en la felicidad del investigador valve by Acremonium strictum Guillermo Quindós 97-102 g Josep Guarro, Amalia del Palacio, Josepa Gené, ÍA Josep Cano and Carmen Gómez González 146-148 REVISIóN Interés medicinal de Poria cocos Eritema multiforme secundario a infección (= Wolfiporia extensa) por Trichophyton mentagrophytes Carlos Illana Esteban 103-107 Martha E. Contreras-Barrera, Gabriela Moreno-Coutiño, D. Edoardo Torres-Guerrero, Adriana Aguilar-Donis ORIgINALES y Roberto Arenas 149-151 Colonización por levaduras en recién nacidos y personal de salud en la unidad de cuidados intensivos neonatales de un Histoplasmosis diseminada en una gacela hospital universitario en Bogotá, Colombia dorca (Gazella dorcas neglecta) mantenida Paula Andrea Orozco, Jorge Alberto Cortés en condiciones de cautividad en España y Claudia Marcela Parra 108-111 Fernando Fariñas, Luis Flores, Pablo Rodríguez, Trinidad Sabalete y Miguel Ángel Quevedo 152-154 Molecular epidemiology of isolates of the Cryptococcus neoformans species Estudios de la viabilidad y la vitalidad Volumen 26 - Número 2 Páginas 95-174 complex from Spain frente al congelado de la levadura Susana Frasés, Consuelo Ferrer, Manuel Sánchez probiótica Saccharomyces boulardii: and María Francisca Colom-Valiente 112-117 efecto del preacondicionamiento fisiológico Silvina Pardo, Miguel Ángel Galvagno de Micología Incidence of dermatophytosis in a public y Patricia Cerrutti 155-160 hospital of São Bernardo do Campo, São Paulo State, Brazil PROBLEmA cLÍNIcO Andréia Pelegrini, Juliana Possatto Takahashi, Problemas clínicos en micología médica: Carolina de Queiroz Moreira Pereira, Rosemeire Bom problema n.o 37 Pessoni and Marta Cristina Souza 118-120 Elena Maiolo, Ricardo Negroni, Alicia Arechavala, Gabriela Santiso, Mario Bianchi y Rubén Schiavelli 161-164 Effects of a DNA vaccine in an animal model of Alternaria alternata sensitivity cARTA AL DIREcTOR Hiram Sánchez, Robert K. Bush, Ronald L. Sorkness, Dermatofitoma extraungueal www.elsevier.es/reviberoammicol Amjad Tuffaha, Louis A. Rosenthal and Lynette Phillips 121-128 Gabriela Moreno-Coutiño y Roberto Arenas 165-166 Revisión Interés medicinal de Poria cocos (= Wolfiporia extensa) Carlos Illana Esteban Departamento de Biología Vegetal, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Alcalá, Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, España INFORMACIÓN DEL ARTÍCULO RESUMEN Historia del artículo: El esclerocio del hongo Poria cocos forma parte, desde hace miles de años, de la farmacopea china. En esta Recibido el 19 de mayo de 2008 revisión se presentan aspectos sobre la biología y nomenclatura de este hongo, y especialmente sobre su Aceptado el 19 de noviembre de 2008 composición y aplicaciones terapéuticas. © 2008 Revista Iberoamericana de Micología. Publicado por Elsevier España, S.L. Todos los derechos reservados. Palabras clave: Poria cocos Wolfiporia extensa β-glucanos Medicina tradicional china Medicinal interest of Poria cocos (= Wolfiporia extensa) ABSTRACT Keywords: Poria cocos The sclerotium of Poria cocos has been used in the Chinese pharmacopoeia during thousands of years. In Wolfiporia extensa this note several aspects about the biology and nomenclature of this fungus are summarized, with emphasis β-glucan on its composition and therapeutic applications. Traditional Chinese medicine © 2008 Revista Iberoamericana de Micología. Published by Elsevier España, S.L. All rights reserved. Poria cocos es un hongo perteneciente al orden Polyporales de la Taxonomía y nomenclatura división Basidiomycota, y su esclerocio forma parte aproximadamen- te del 10% de las prescripciones de la medicina tradicional china52. Aunque su nombre válido es Wolfiporia extensa (Peck) Ginns19, en Sus propiedades medicinales se conocen en China desde hace miles esta revisión se emplea el sinónimo Poria cocos (Schwein.) F.A. Wolf de años, y se describieron por primera vez en el Shen Nong Ben Cao por ser éste con el que aparece en la mayoría de las publicaciones Jing31. consultadas. La nomenclatura de esta especie ha sido algo confusa y P. cocos también está presente como ingrediente en el 30% de las se resume a continuación. fórmulas de la denominada Kampo45, que es como se llama a la me- El nombre Sclerotium cocos Schwein. fue propuesto en 1822 para dicina tradicional china introducida en Japón entre los siglos VI y VIII5. nombrar al esclerocio que forma el hongo. Al año siguiente, Fries Además, se usa como ingrediente en algunas formulaciones en la propuso el nombre Pachyma cocos, usando la descripción de Schwei- medicina tradicional coreana41-44. nitz: P. cocos, oblongum, cortice duro fibroso-squamoso brunneo13,65. P. cocos se consume en oriente desde hace mucho tiempo por sus Casi un siglo más tarde, F.A. Wolf combinó la especie como Poria valores medicinales; sin embargo, no es un hongo muy conocido en cocos (Schwein.) F.A. Wolf por el parecido de su basidiocarpo con el occidente. Es por ello que proponemos una revisión de los artículos del género Poria65. que inciden en su potencial terapéutico. Años después, P. cocos es combinada como Macrohyporia cocos (Schwein.) Johans & Ryvarden por la similitud con los sistemas hifa- les del género Macrohyporia25. En 1983 este último nombre es nue- vamente combinado a Macrohyporia extensa (Peck) Ginns & Lowe, porque según el Código de Nomenclatura de 1978 el nombre correc- Correo electrónico: [email protected] to de un taxón es el primer nombre legítimo que se refiere al te- 1130-1406/$ - see front matter © 2008 Revista Iberoamericana de Micología. Publicado por Elsevier España, S.L. Todos los derechos reservados. 03 REV 1176 (103-107).indd 103 26/6/09 09:12:21 Documento descargado de http://www.elsevier.es el 01/09/2009. Copia para uso personal, se prohíbe la transmisión de este documento por cualquier medio o formato. 104 C. Illana Esteban / Rev Iberoam Micol. 2009;26(2):103-107 leomorfo, y éste se corresponde con Daedalea extensa Peck, descrito ble, y se vuelve duro cuando se seca38,71. Los restos de los basidiocar- en 189118. pos de P. cocos se encuentran algunas veces en la capa externa del Tras estudiar los ejemplares americanos del género Poria (entre esclerocio; sin embargo, los basidiocarpos frescos son comúnmente ellos P. cocos) se propuso un nuevo género para éstos, el género Wol- visibles en árboles muertos, pero sin estar asociados con el esclero- fiporia (dedicado a F.A. Wolf) y la especie pasó a denominarse Wolfi- cio18,38. También se pueden obtener esclerocios cuando los basidio- poria cocos (F.A. Wolf) Ryvarden & Gilb47. Sin embargo, como P. cocos carpos se incuban en cámara húmeda15. es un sinónimo de D. extensa, es esta última especie la que es combi- Es un parásito de algunas coníferas de los géneros Picea, Tsuga y nada al género Wolfiporia como Wolfiporia extensa (Peck) Ginns19, Pinus (P. massoniana, P. densiflora, P. yunnanensis, P. taiwanensis y P. nombre que es el aceptado en la actualidad en el Index Fungorum. thunbergii) y árboles de hoja caduca (Acer, Betula, Citrus, Diospyros, En resumen, el tratamiento taxonómico ha sido el siguiente: Eucalyptyus, Fagus, Magnolia, Ostrya, Populus, Poncirus, Quercus, Rhus), que causa la podredumbre de la raíz de árboles maduros, lo Nombre actual: Wolfiporia extensa (Peck) Ginns. Mycotaxon. cual puede ocasionar su caída18,31,38. Incluso se le ha encontrado para- 1984;21:332. sitando las raíces del maíz (Zea mays)66. P. cocos puede llegar a des- = Daedalea extensa Peck, Rep NY St Mus Nat Hist. 1891;44:21. truir madera almacenada por el efecto destructivo que hace sobre la = Macrohyporia extensa (Peck) Ginns & Lowe. Can J Bot. 1983;61(6): celulosa38. 1673. La distribución y la relación de árboles a los que parasita P. cocos = Sclerotium cocos Schwein. Schr Naturf Ges Leipzig. 1822;1:56. está basada en el hallazgo de esclerocios o en los cultivos realizados = Pachyma cocos Fr. Syst Mycol. 1823;2(1):242. a partir de árboles afectados por el hongo y, algunas veces, en la re- = Poria cocos (Schwein.) F.A. Wolf. J Elisha Mitchell Scient Soc. colección de basidiocarpos18. Se distribuye por Asia oriental –espe- 1922;38:134. cialmente en China–, Australia oriental, sudeste de Estados Unidos y = Macrohyporia cocos (Schwein.) Johans & Ryvarden. Trans Br Mycol oeste de Canadá18,35. También ha sido citada como Macrohyporia co- Soc. 1979;72:192. cos de África y Tíbet18. = Wolfiporia cocos (F.A. Wolf) Ryvarden & Gilb. Mycotaxon. 1984;19:141. Aspectos comestibles del esclerocio El esclerocio de P. cocos es conocido por distintos nombres vulga- El esclerocio que se forma a partir del micelio del hongo se consi- res. En la farmacopea oficial de China se le conoce con el nombre de dera comestible y seguro para el consumo humano45. Es de sabor “fuling”. Se llama “fulingge” al fuling desenterrado del suelo y puesto dulce y de consistencia suave31,64. a secar durante varios días hasta que pierde toda el agua, y a conse- P. cocos se encuentra en la lista de la FAO de hongos silvestres de cuencia de ello su superficie se arruga. “Fushen” es el fulingge corta- importancia económica4. Su empleo como comida se ha indicado en do en piezas finas y secado al aire31.
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