Mycosphere

Towards incorporating anamorphic fungi in a natural classification – checklist and notes for 2010

Hyde KD1,2*, McKenzie EHC3 and KoKo TW1

1School of Mae Fah Luang University, 333 M. 1. T. Tasud Muang District, Chiang Rai 57100, Thailand. 2Botany and Microbiology Department, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. 3Manaaki Whenua Landcare Research, Private Bag 92170, Auckland, New Zealand.

Hyde KD, McKenzie EHC, KoKo TW. (2011). Towards incorporating anamorphic fungi in a natural classification – checklist and notes for 2010. Mycosphere 2(1), 1–88.

A complilation of anamorphic names for both Ascomycota and Basidiomycota is provided which compises 2873 genera. The genera are listed against a backbone of teleomorphic relationships where known. The study reveals that 699 genera and 94 anamorph-like genera are linked to teleomorphic genera names, 447 genera (one anamorph-like genus) are linked to teleomorph families, orders or classes, while for more than 1728 (60.15%) genera no teleomorph link is known.

Key words –Asexual fungi – life cycle – sexual fungi – taxonomy

Article Information Received 4 February 2011 Accepted 7 February 2011 Published online 10 March 2011 *Corresponding author: Hyde KD – e-mail – [email protected]

Introduction et al. 2010), these genera will be classified in The purpose of the present paper is to families, orders and classes of Ascomycota and collate the knowledge of anamorphic fungi in Basidiomycota. This will result in more and relationship to their teleomorphic states. It more anamorphic states being described and attempts to classify the anamorphic genera in a illustrated without being given formal names natural biological framework for the Ascomy- and therefore it is important to have a forum cota based on the Outline of Ascomycota 2009 where anamorphic data can be brought to the (Lumbsch & Huhndorf 2010) and for the attention of researchers. It is hoped that this Basidiomycota based on Kirk et al. (2008). The compilation will facilitate the move towards present paper has used data from the Dic- one fungus one name as advocated by many tionary of the Fungi (Kirk et al. 2008), Index mycologists (Shenoy et al. 2007, 2010). By Fungorum (http://www.indexfungorum.org/na placing all anamorphic genera against the mes/Names.asp), Species Fungorum (http:// backbone classification of the sexual genera it www.speciesfungorum.org/Names/Names.asp) will be possible to establish 1) what are the and Index of Fungi (Anon. 2009–2010) as well anamorphs of various species, genera, families as literature published in 2009 and 2010. or orders, 2) which genera have no information, There is now debate in the systematics 3) which are the older or more commonly used community to place one name on a fungus names for each genus, and 4) illustrate the species as opposed to the present system redundancy of the dual classification system. (especially in Ascomycota) of naming both This compilation also provides a single sexual and asexual morphs (Samuels et al. place where anamorph connections can be 2009). Also, as more and more strains of accessed and critically scrutinized so that a anamorphic genera are sequenced (eg. Shenoy stable and reliable system can be developed

1 based on published data. We do not claim that anamorphic genus. Such records can be located this compilation is complete or definitive; how- by searching the genus throughout the list for ever, it provides a forum for displaying data repeat entries. The synonyms of genera are not and can be added to or changed as more data listed as they can be easily found in Index becomes available or errors are discovered. In Fungorum. future issues we will explore various connec- We encourage colleagues to inform us of tions and provide more data. any missing entries, new data or misunder- In the long term it will be desirable if standings, which will be updated in future Myconet (http://www.fieldmuseum.org/myco compilations. We would also invite experts of net) is merged with this document, however, specific groups to contribute to future compi- this should occur at some time in the future, lations on their specific group(s) of interest and when more data is available. encourage reviews or illustrated accounts of families, orders or other groups relating to Material and methods teleomorph and anamorph links. Reviews of The overall scheme for the classification anamorphic genera with sections or series, such of the anamorphic fungi follows the Outline of as Aspergillus, Penicillium and Verticillium, Ascomycota 2009 (Lumbsch & Huhndorf the powdery mildews, many of the yeasts and 2010), with additional data on anamorphic yeast-like genera and the anamorphic smuts Basidiomycota from Kirk et al. (2008). This and rusts are particularly needed. Similarly the scheme is chosen as the schemes in the lichenized ascomycete anamorphic states are Dictionary of the Fungi, Index Fungorum, and poorly documented. MycoBank differ to a greater or lesser extent As there is a move towards using one and it was felt wise to follow what the authors name for both the sexual and asexual states of a consider is an admirable attempt to keep fungus we also encourage authors to submit abreast of the current literarure as is routinely articles or opinions concerning the use of one carried out in the Outline of Ascomycota. This name. This might be in the form of a general compilation also annotates changes made in the critic, arguments for or against using one name, form of notes on anamorphic fungi (marked or an article that specifically addresses an with an asterisk after the entry, with notes in individual group or genus with arguments for the later “Notes” section) so that changes can adopting the anamorph, teleomorph or both easily be followed; this is not always true of names. the available databases. Anamorphic genera or ‘-like’ genera are Index to Ascomycota listed in bold under the appropriate fungal classification and the link to a teleomorph Phylum ASCOMYCOTA Caval-Sm. genus given where found. Dubious genera are Subphylum TAPHRINOMYCOTINA O.E. excluded but can be added if they are later Erikss. & Winka found to be good genera. Fossil fungi are also Class Taphrinomycetes O.E. Erikss. & Winka excluded as it would be impossible with Taphrinales Gäum. & C.W. Dodge present techniques available to provide a na- Protomycetaceae Gray tural classification for them. A question mark Saitoella Goto, Sugiy., Hamam. & Komag. before the entry means that its placement in 1987 that family or order is not fully established and generally follows Lumbsch & Huhndorf (2010). Taphrinaceae Gäum. A question mark before anamorph means it is Lalaria R.T. Moore 1990, anamorphic not clear that this is the anamorph of this genus, Taphrina Fr. 1815 although there are many cases without a ques- tion mark where the link has not equivocally Subphylum SACHAROMYCOTINA O.E. been proven. An asterisk (*) following the Erikss. & Winka names indicates an entry in the “Notes” section. In many genus records in Index Fungo- Class Saccharomycetes O.E. Erikss. & Winka rum the species is linked to more than one Saccharomycetales Kudrjanzev

2 Mycosphere

Dipodascaceae Engl. & E. Gilg Trichomonascaceae Kurtzman & Robnett ?Candida Berkhout 1923, anamorphic Blastobotrys Klopotek 1967, anamorphic Sporopachydermia Rodr. Mir. 1978 Trichomonascus H.S. Jacks. 1948 Galactomyces Redhead & Malloch 1977, Candida Berkhout 1923, ?anamorphic anamorphic Dipodascus Lagerh. 1892 Zygoascus M.T. Sm. 1986 Geotrichum Link 1809, anamorphic Dipo- dascus Lagerh. 1892 Saccharomycetales, genera incertae sedis Geotrichum-like, anamorphic Basidioas- Aciculoconidium D.S. King & S.C. Jong cus Matsush. 2003 1976 Saprochaete Coker & Shanor 1939, ana- Botryozyma Shann & M.T. Sm. 1992, morphic Magnusiomyces Zender 1926 anamorphic Ascobotryozyma J. Kerri- gan, M.T. Sm. & J.D. Rogers 2001 Endomycetaceae J. Schröt. Candida Berkhout 1923, anamorphic Fusidium Link 1809, possibly anamorphic Starmerella C.A. Rosa & Lachance Ascocephalophora K. Matsush. & 1998 Matsush. 1995 Cicadomyces Šulc 1911 Macrorhabdus Tomasz., Logan, Snowden, Lipomycetaceae E.K. Novák & Zsolt Kurtzman & Phalen 2003 Myxozyma Van der Walt, Weijman & Arx Oosporidium Stautz 1931 1981 Pseudomycoderma H. Will 1916 Schizoblastosporion Cif. 1930 Metschnikowiaceae T. Kamienski Trigonopsis Schachner 1929 Candida Berkhout 1923, anamorphic Saccharomycetes, genera incertae sedis Clavispora Rodr. Mir. 1979 and Selenotila Lagerh. 1892 Metschnikowia T. Kamienski 1899 Selenozyma Yarrow 1977

Pichiaceae Zender Subphylum PEZIZOMYCOTINA O.E. Erikss. Brettanomyces N.H. Claussen ex Custers & Winka 1940, anamorphic Dekkera Van der Class Arthoniomycetes O.E. Erikss. & Winka Walt 1964 Arthoniales Henssen ex D. Hawksw. & O.E. Eeniella M.T. Sm., Bat. Vegte & Scheffers Erikss. 1981, anamorphic Dekkera Van der Arthoniaceae Reichenb. ex Reichenb. Walt Helicobolomyces Matzer 1995, anamor- Enantiothamnus Pinoy 1911 phic Arthonia Ach. 1806 Hyphopichia Arx & Van der Walt 1976 Septocyta Petr. 1927, ?anamorphic Artho- nia Ach. 1806 Saccharomycetaceae G. Winter Subhysteropycnis Wedin & Hafellner 1998, Candida Berkhout 1923, ?anamorphic anamorphic Arthonia Ach. 1806 Ogataea Y. Yamada, K. Maeda & Mikata 1994, Lodderomyces Van der Roccellaceae Chevall. Walt 1966 and Spathaspora N.H. Sporhaplus H.B.P. Upadhyay 1964, ana- Nguyen, S.O. Suh & M. Blackw. 2006 morphic Mazosia A. Massal 1854

Saccharomycodaceae Kudrjanzev Class Dothideomycetes sensu O.E. Erikss. & Candida Berkhout 1923, anamorphic Winka Lodderomyces Van der Walt 1966 and Subclass Dothideomycetidae P.M. Kirk, P.F. Spathaspora N.H. Nguyen, S.O. Suh & Cannon, J.C. David & J.A. Stalpers ex C.L. M. Blackw. 2006 Schoch, Spatafora, Crous & Shoemaker ?Kloeckera Janke 1923, anamorphic Han- Capnodiales Woron. seniaspora Zikes 1911 Antennulariellaceae Woron.

3 Antennariella Bat. & Cif. 1963*, anamor- Hoornsmania Crous 2007 phic Antennulariella Woron. 1915* Rachicladosporium Crous, U. Braun & Capnodendron S. Hughes 1976, anamor- C.F. Hill 2007* phic Antennulariella Woron. 1915 Toxicocladosporium Crous & U. Braun Capnofrasera S. Hughes 2003 2007* Heteroconium Petr. 1949, anamorphic Verrucocladosporium K. Schub., Aptroot Antennulariella Woron. 1915 & Crous 2007*

Capnodiaceae (Sacc.) Höhn. ex Theiss. Dissoconiaceae Crous & de Hoog* Acanthorus Bat. & Cavalc. 1967 Dissoconium de Hoog, Oorschot & Antennariella Bat. & Cif. 1963* Hijwegen 1983* Apiosporium Kunze 1817 Ramichloridium Stahel ex de Hoog 1977* ?Ciferrioxyphium Bat. & H. Maia 1963, anamorphic Aithaloderma P. Syd. Metacapnodiaceae S. Hughes & Corlett Conidiocarpus Woron. 1927, ?anamorphic Capnobotrys S. Hughes 1970, anamorphic Phragmocapnias Theiss. & Syd. 1918 Metacapnodium Speg. 1918 and Scorias Fr. 1825 Capnocybe S. Hughes 1966 Conidioxyphium Bat. & Cif. 1963* Capnophialophora S. Hughes 1966, ana- Fumagospora G. Arnaud 1911*, anamor- morphic Metacapnodium Speg. 1918 phic Capnodium Mont. 1848 Capnosporium S. Hughes 1976, anamor- Fumiglobus D.R. Reynolds & G.S. Gilbert phic Metacapnodium Speg. 1918 2006 Hormiokrypsis Bat. & Nascim. 1957, ana- ?Leptoxyphium Speg. 1918*, anamorphic morphic Metacapnodium Speg. 1918 Aithaloderma P. Syd. 1913 Microxiphium (Harv. ex Berk. & Desm.) Mycosphaerellaceae Lindau Thüm. 1879 (as Microxyphium)* Anguillosporella U. Braun 1995 ?Mycogelidium W.Y. Zhuang 2007* Asperisporium Maubl. 1913 Phaeoxyphiella Bat. & Cif. 1963, ana- Asteromella-like, anamorphic Gillotia morphic Capnodium Mont. 1848 Sacc. & Trotter 1913 Polychaetella Speg. 1918, anamorphic Cercospora Fresen. 1863* Capnodium Mont. 1848 Cercosporella Sacc. 1880* Scolecoxyphium Cif. & Bat. 1956, Clypeispora A.W. Ramaley 1991, ?ana- anamorphic Capnodium Mont. 1848 morphic Mycosphaerella Johanson and Scorias Fr. 1825 1884 Tripospermum Speg. 1918, anamorphic Coniothryium-like, anamorphic Bruneos- Phragmocapnias Theiss. & Syd. 1918 phaerella Crous 2009* and Trichomerium Speg. 1918 Deightoniella S. Hughes 1952 Didymochora Höhn. 1918, anamorphic Coccodiniaceae Höhn. ex O.E. Erikss. Euryachora Fuckel 1870 Bisbyopeltis Bat. & A.F. Vital 1957 Distocercospora N. Pons & B. Sutton Microxiphium (Harv. ex Berk. & Desm.) 1988 Thüm. 1879*, anamorphic Dennisiella Dothistroma Hulbary 1941* Bat. & Cif. 1962 Elletevera Deighton 1969 Floricola Kohlm. & Volkm.-Kohlm. 2000 Davidiellaceae C.L. Schoch, Spatafora, Crous Fusicladiella Höhn. 1919, anamorphic & Shoemaker Mycosphaerella Johanson 1884 Cladosporium Link 1816, anamorphic Laocoön J.C. David 1997 Davidiella Crous & U. Braun 2003* Lecanosticta Syd. 1922* Dichocladosporium K. Schub., U. Braun Microcyclospora Jana Frank, Schroers & & Crous 2007 Crous 2010* Graphiopsis Trail 1889*, anamorphic Microcyclosporella Jana Frank, Schroers Davidiella Crous & U. Braun 2003 & Crous 2010*

4 Mycosphere

Miuraea Hara 1948*, anamorphic Myco- Elasticomyces Zucconi & Selbmann 2008 sphaerella Johanson 1884 Heptaster Cif., Bat. & Nascim. 1956 Parastenella J.C. David 1991* Hormonema-like, anamorphic Xenomeris Passalora Fr. 1849*, anamorphic Myco- Syd. 1924 sphaerella Johanson 1884 Houjia G.Y. Sun & Crous 2010* Penidiella Crous & U. Braun 2007* Micropustulomyces R.W. Barreto 1995 Periconiella Sacc. 1885*, ?anamorphic Phaeotheca Sigler, Tsuneda & J.W. Allosoma Syd. 1926 Carmich. 1981 Phacellium Bonord. 1860, anamorphic Pseudovirgaria H.D. Shin, U. Braun, Mycosphaerella Johanson 1884 Arzanlou & Crous 2007 Phaeophleospora Rangel 1916* Racodium Pers. 1794* Phloeospora Wallr. 1833*, anamorphic Recurvomyces Selbmann & de Hoog 2008 Mycosphaerella Johanson 1884 Scolecostigmina U. Braun 1999 Placosphaeria-like, anamorphic Euryacho- Sporidesmajora Batzer & Crous 2010* ra Fuckel 1870 Polythrincium Kunze 1817*, anamorphic Dothideales Lindau Cymadothea F.A. Wolf 1935 Dothideaceae Chevall. Pseudocercospora Speg. 1910* Lecanosticta Syd. 1922, anamorphic Sci- Pseudocercosporella Deighton 1973*, rrhia Nitschke ex Fuckel 1870 anamorphic Mycosphaerella Johanson Podoplaconema Petr. 1921, anamorphic 1884 Omphalospora Theiss. & Syd. 1915 Pseudocercosporidium Deighton 1973 Quasiphloeospora B. Sutton, Crous & Dothioraceae Theiss. & H. Syd. Shamoun 1996 Aureobasidium Viala & G. Boyer 1891*, Ramichloridium Stahel ex de Hoog 1977* anamorphic Columnosphaeria Munk Ramularia Unger 1833*, anamorphic 1953 and Saccothecium Fr. 1836 Mycosphaerella Johanson 1884* Dothichiza Lib. ex Roum. 1880, ana- Ramularia-like, anamorphic Melanodothis morphic Dothiora Fr. 1849 and Sydo- R.H. Arnold 1972 wia Bres. 1895 Ramulariopsis Speg. 1910, anamorphic Hormonema Lagerb. & Melin 1927, Mycosphaerella Johanson 1884 anamorphic Dothiora Fr. 1849 and Ramulispora Miura 1920* Sydowia Bres. 1895* Rhabdospora (Durieu & Mont. ex Sacc.) Japonia Höhn. 1909, anamorphic Yoshina- Sacc. 1884 gaia Henn. 1904 Rhexocercosporidium U. Braun 1994 Kabatina R. Schneid. & Arx 1966 Semipseudocercospora J.M. Yen 1983 ?Rhizosphaera L. Mangin & Har. 1907, Septoria Sacc. 1884* anamorphic Phaeocryptopus Naumov Sirosporium Bubák & Serebrian. 1912 1915 and Dimerina Theiss. 1912 Sonderhenia H.J. Swart & J. Walker Sclerophoma Höhn. 1909, anamorphic 1988* Sydowia Bres. 1895 Stenella Syd. 1930, anamorphic Myco- sphaerella Johanson 1884* Teratosphaeriaceae Crous & U. Braun Stenellopsis B. Huguenin 1966 Acidomyces B.J. Baker, M.A. Lutz, S.C. Thedgonia-like* Dawson, P.L. Bond & Banfield ex Trochophora R.T. Moore 1955* Selbmann, de Hoog & De Leo 2008 Verrucisporota D.E. Shaw & Alcorn Batcheloromyces Marasas, P.S. van Wyk 1993* & Knox-Dav. 1975* Zasmidium Fr. 1849* Baudoinia J.A. Scott & Unter. 2007* Catenulostroma Crous & U. Braun 2007* Capnodiales, genera incertae sedis Capnobotryella Sugiy. 1987* Capnocheirides J.L. Crane & S. Hughes Cibiessia Crous 2007* 1982

5 Colletogloeopsis Crous & M.J. Wingf. Coniothyrium-like, anamorphic Curreya 1997* Sacc. 1883 Cystocoleus Thwaites 1849* Diplodia-like, anamorphic Cucurbitaria Davisoniella H.J. Swart 1988* Gray 1821 Devriesia Seifert & N.L. Nick. 2004* ?Phaeoseptoria Speg. 1908, anamorphic Friedmanniomyces Onofri 1999* Rhytidiella Zalasky 1968 Hortaea Nishim. & Miyaji 1984* Phialophorophoma Linder 1944* Kirramyces J. Walker, B. Sutton & Pascoe Phoma Sacc. 1880* 1992, anamorphic Teratosphaeria Syd. Pleurophoma Höhn. 1914* & P. Syd. 1912* Pleurostromella Petr. 1922, anamorphic Nothostrasseria Nag Raj 1983 Cucurbitaria Gray 1821 and Gibberi- Passalora Fr. 1849* dea Fuckel 1870 Penidiella Crous & U. Braun 2007* Pyrenochaeta De Not. 1849, anamorphic Phacellium Bonord. 1860* Cucurbitaria Gray 1821* Phaeothecoidea Crous 2007* Pyrenochaetopsis Gruyter, Aveskamp, & Pseudocercosporella Deighton 1973* Verkley, 2010* Pseudoramichloridium Cheewangkoon & ?Megaloseptoria Naumov 1925, anamor- Crous 2010* phic Cucurbitaria Gray 1821 Pseudotaeniolina J.L. Crane & Schokn. Syntholus A.W. Ramaley & M.E. Barr 1986* 1997, anamorphic Syncarpella Theiss. Ramichloridium Stahel ex de Hoog 1977* & Syd. 1915 Readeriella Syd. & P. Syd. 1908* Sporidesmium Link 1809* Diademaceae Shoemaker & C.E. Babc. Staninwardia B. Sutton 1971* Alternaria-like anamorphic Comoclathris Stenella Syd. 1930* Clem. 1909 Trimmatostroma-like, anamorphic Terato- sphaeria Syd. & P. Syd. 1912 Didymellaceae Gruyter, Aveskamp & Verkley Tripospermum Speg. 1918* Ascochyta Lib. 1830, anamorphic Didy- mella Sacc. ex D. Sacc. 1880* Myriangiales Starbäck Ampelomyces Ces. ex Schltdl. 1852* Elsinoaceae Höhn. ex Sacc. & Trotter Boeremia Aveskamp, Gruyter & Verkley Endosporium Tsuneda 2008 2010* Sphaceloma de Bary 1874 anamorphic Chaetasbolisia Speg. 1918* Elsinoë Racib. 1900 Dactuliochaeta G.L. Hartm. & J.B. Xenodiella Syd. 1935, anamorphic Xeno- Sinclair 1988, anamorphic Didymella dium Syd. 1935 Sacc. 1880 Epicoccum Link 1815* Myriangiales, genera incertae sedis Microsphaeropsis Höhn. 1917* Phaeosclera Sigler, Tsuneda & J.W. Peyronellaea Gold. ex Togliani 1952* Carmich. 1981* Phoma Sacc. 1880, anamorphic Didymella Sarcinomyces Lindner 1898* Sacc. ex D. Sacc. 1880* Piggotia Berk. & Broome 1851, possibly Subclass Pleosporomycetidae C.L. Schoch, anamorphic Platychora Petr. 1925 Spatafora, Crous & Shoemaker Pithoascus Arx 1973, ?anamorphic Pleosporales Luttrell ex M.E. Barr Leptosphaerulina McAlpine 1902 Amniculicolaceae Yin. Zhang, C.L. Schoch, J. Pithomyces Berk. & Broome 1875, ana- Fourn., Crous & K.D. Hyde morphic Leptosphaerulina McAlpine Anguillospora Ingold 1942* 1902 Stagonosporopsis Died. 1912*, anamor- Cucurbitariaceae G. Winter phic Didymella Sacc. ex D. Sacc. 1880 Camarosporium Schulzer 1870, anamor- phic Cucurbitaria Gray 1821

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Didymosphaeriaceae Munk Ceratophoma Höhn. 1917, anamorphic Cytoplea Bizz. & Sacc. 1885, anamorphic Massarina Sacc. 1883 Roussoëlla Sacc. 1888 Cheirosporium L. Cai & K.D. Hyde 2008* Helminthosporium Link 1809* Dothidotthiaceae Crous & A.J.L. Phillips Neottiosporina Subram. 1961* Dothiorella Sacc. 1880, ?anamorphic Pseudodictyosporium Matsush. 1971 Dothidotthia Höhn. 1918* Thyrostroma Höhn. 1911, anamorphic Melanommataceae G. Winter Dothidotthia Höhn. 1918 Aposphaeria Sacc. 1880* Beverwykella Tubaki 1975* Hypsostromataceae Huhndorf Nigrolentilocus R.F. Castañeda & Heredia Pleurophomopsis–like, anamorphic Hyp- 2001, anamorphic Melanomma Nit- sostroma Huhndorf schke ex Fuckel 1870 Monodictys S. Hughes 1958, ?anamorphic Lentitheciaceae Yin. Zhang, C.L. Schoch, J. Ohleria Fuckel 1868 Fourn., Crous & K.D. Hyde Monotosporella S. Hughes 1958* Stagonospora (Sacc.) Sacc. 1884* Pyrenochaeta De Not. 1849, anamorphic Byssosphaeria Cooke 1879 Leptosphaeriaceae M.E. Barr Sporidesmiella P.M. Kirk 1982 Coniothyrium Corda 1840, anamorphic Leptosphaeria Ces. & De Not. 1863* Montagnulaceae M.E. Barr Coniothyrium-like, anamorphic Neophaeo- Aschersonia Mont. 1848, anamorphic sphaeria M.P.S. Câmara, M.E. Palm & Montagnula Berl. 1896 A.W. Ramaley 2003 Microdiplodia Allesch. 1901, possibly Phoma Sacc. 1880, anamorphic Lepto- anamorphic Karstenula Speg. 1879 sphaeria Ces. & De Not. 1863* Microsphaeropsis Höhn. 1917, anamor- Plenodomus Preuss 1851 phic Paraphaeosphaeria O.E. Erikss. Pyrenochaeta De Not. 1849, possibly 1967* anamorphic Leptosphaeria Ces. & De Paraconiothyrium Verkley 2004*, possi- Not. 1863* bly anamorphic Paraphaeosphaeria O.E. Erikss. 1967 Lindgomycetaceae K. Hiray., Kaz. Tanaka & Shearer Phaeosphaeriaceae M.E. Barr Taeniolella S. Hughes 1958* Amarenographium O.E. Erikss. 1982, anamorphic Amarenomyces O.E. Erikss. Lophiostomataceae Sacc. 1981 (recently synonymised with Phae- Ascochyta Lib. 1830, anamorphic Tricho- osphaeria I. Miyake 1909) metasphaeria Munk 1953 Ampelomyces Ces. ex Schltdl. 1852* Pleuorphomopsis-like, anamorphic Lophi- Chaetosphaeronema Moesz 1915* ostoma Ces. & De Not. 1863 Coniothyrium Corda 1840, anamorphic Ophiobolus Riess 1854 Massariaceae Nitschke Hendersonia-like, anamorphic Austropleo- ?Aplosporella-like, anamorphic Dubitatio spora R.G. Shivas & L. Morin 2010 and Speg. 1882 Phaeosphaeria I. Miyake 1909* Myxocyclus Riess 1852, anamorphic Neosetophoma Gruyter, Aveskamp & Massaria De Not. 1844 Verkley 2010* Torula Pers. 1794* ?Parahendersonia A.W. Ramaley 1995, anamorphic Chaetoplea (Sacc.) Clem. Massarinaceae Munk 1931 Aquaticheirospora Kodsueb & W.H. Ho Paraphoma Morgan-Jones & J.F. White 2007* 1983*

7 Phaeoseptoria Speg. 1908, anamorphic Dictyosporium Corda 1836* Phaeosphaeria I. Miyake 1909 Digitodesmium P.M. Kirk 1981 Phaeostagonospora A.W. Ramaley 1997, Drechslera S. Ito 1930, anamorphic Pyre- anamorphic Phaeosphaeriopsis M.P.S. nophora Fr. 1849 Câmara, M.E. Palm & A.W. Ramaley Edenia M.C. González, Anaya, Glenn, 2003 Saucedo & Hanlin 2007* Phoma Sacc. 1880, anamorphic Ophio- Embellisia E.G. Simmons 1971, anamor- bolus Riess 1854 phic Lewia M.E. Barr & E.G. Simmons Rhabdospora (Durieu & Mont. ex Sacc.) Exserohilum K.J. Leonard & Suggs 1974, Sacc. 1884, anamorphic Ophiobolus anamorphic Setosphaeria K.J. Leonard Riess 1854 & Suggs 1974 Scolecosporiella Petr. 1921, anamorphic Gibbago E.G. Simmons 1986 Ophiosphaerella Speg. and Phaeo- Lemonniera De Wild. 1894* sphaeria I. Miyake 1909 Marielliottia Shoemaker 1999, anamorphic Setophoma Gruyter, Aveskamp & Verkley Pyrenophora Fr. 1849 2010* Nimbya E.G. Simmons 1989, anamorphic ?Sphaerellopsis Cooke 1883, anamorphic Macrospora Fuckel 1870 Eudarluca Speg. 1908 Prathoda Subram. 1956 Stagonospora (Sacc.) Sacc. 1884, anamor- Stemphylium Wallr. 1833, anamorphic phic Phaeosphaeria I. Miyake 1909* Pleospora Rabenh. ex Ces. & De Not. Tiarospora Sacc. & Marchal 1885 1863* Teretispora E.G. Simmons 2007 Pleomassariaceae M.E. Barr Ulocladium Preuss 1851* Ceuthodiplospora Died. 1912, anamorphic Splanchnonema Corda Sporormiaceae Munk ?Prosthemium Kunze 1817, anamorphic ?Amorosia Mantle & D. Hawksw. 2006 Pleomassaria Speg. 1880* Phoma Sacc. 1880* Myxocyclus Riess 1852, anamorphic Phoma-like, anamorphic Westerdykella Splanchnonema Corda 1829 Stolk 1955* Scolicosporium Lib. ex Roum. 1880, anamorphic Asteromassaria Höhn. Teichosporaceae M.E. Barr 1917 Coniothyrium-like, anmorphic Immothia Shearia Petr. 1924, anamorphic Pleomas- M.E. Barr saria Speg. 1880 Stegonsporium Corda 1827, anamorphic Tetraplosphaeriaceae Kaz. Tanaka & K. Hiray Splanchnonema Corda 1829 Pseudotetraploa Kaz. Tanaka & K. Hirayama 2009* Pleosporaceae Nitschke Quadricrura Kaz. Tanaka, K. Hirayama & Alternaria Nees 1816, anamorphic Lewia Sat. Hatak. 2009* M.E. Barr & E.G. Simmons 1986 Tetraploa Berk. & Broome 1850, Alternariaster E.G. Simmons 2007 anamorphic Tetraplosphaeria Kaz. Brachycladium Corda 1838, anamorphic Tanaka & K. Hirayama 2009* Crivellia Shoemaker & Inderbitzin Tetraploa-like, anamorphic Triplosphaeria 2006 Kaz. Tanaka & K. Hirayama 2009 and Bipolaris Shoemaker 1959, anamorphic Polyplosphaeria Kaz. Tanaka & K. Cochliobolus Drechsler 1934 Hirayama 2009* Chalastospora E.G. Simmons 2007* Curvularia Boedijn 1933, anamorphic Venturiaceae E. Müll. & Arx ex M.E. Barr Cochliobolus Drechsler 1934 Anungitea B. Sutton 1973 Dactuliophora C.L. Leakey 1964 Anungitopsis R.F. Castañeda & W.B. Dendryphiella Bubák & Ranoj. 1914* Kendr. 1990 Dendryphion Wallr. 1833

8 Mycosphere

Cylindrosympodium W.B. Kendr. & R.F. Pleosporomycetidae, genera incertae sedis Castañeda 1990 Acrogenospora M.B. Ellis 1971, anamor- Dictyodochium Sivan. 1984, anamorphic phic Farlowiella Sacc. 1891 Gibbera Fr. 1825 Fusicladium Bonord. 1851, anamorphic Dothideomycetes, orders incertae sedis Acantharia Theiss. & Syd. 1918, Dibo- Acrospermales Minter, Peredo & A.T. Watson tryon Thesis. & Syd. 1915 and ?Ven- Acrospermaceae Fuckel turia Sacc. 1882* Gonatophragmium Deighton 1969, ana- Fusicladium-like, anamorphic Antennula- morphic Acrospermum Tode 1790 ria Rchb. 1828 Piggotia Berk. & Broome 1851 Botryosphaeriales C.L. Schoch, Crous & Sclerophoma Höhn. 1909, ?anamorphic Shoemaker Xenomeris Syd. 1924 Botryosphaeriaceae Theiss. & H. Syd.* Spilodochium Syd. 1927, anamorphic Aplosporella Speg. 1880* Pseudoparodiella F. Stevens 1927 Bahusutrabeeja Subram. & Bhat 1977* Stigmina-like, anamorphic Gibbera Fr. Barriopsis A.J.L. Phillips, A. Alves & 1825 and Phragmogibbera Samuels & Crous 2008* Rogerson 1990 Dichomera Cooke 1878 Ulocladium-like, anamorphic Lasiobotrys Diplodia Fr. 1834* Kunze 1823 Diplodia-like, anamorphic Neodeightonia Veronaeopsis Arzanlou & Crous 2007 C. Booth 1970 and Saccharata Denman Zeloasperisporium R.F. Castañeda 1996 & Crous 2004 Dothichiza-like, anamorphic Leptoguig- Pleosporales, genera incertae sedis nardia E. Müll. 1955 Berkleasmium Zobel 1854 Dothiorella Sacc. 1880, anamorphic Spen- Briansuttonia R.F. Castañeda, Minter & cermartinsia A.J.L. Phillips, A. Alves Saikawa 2004 & Crous 2008 Cheiromoniliophora Tzean & J.L. Chen Fusicoccum Corda 1829, anamorphic 1990 Botryosphaeria Ces. & De Not. 1863 Clavariopsis De Wild. 1895 Fusicoccum-like, anamorphic Melanops Diplococcium Grove 1885* Nitschke ex Fuckel 1870* and Saccha- Ellisembia Subram. 1992 rata Denman & Crous 2004 Fusculina Crous & Summerell 2006 Leptodothiorella Höhn. 1918, anamorphic Mycocentrospora Deighton 1972 Guignardia Viala & Ravaz 1892 Ochrocladosporium Crous & U. Braun Lasiodiplodia Ellis & Everh. 1896* 2007 Macrophomina Petr. 1923* Phoma Sacc. 1880* Microdiplodia Allesch. 1901 Periconia Tode 1791 Neofusicoccum Crous, Slippers & A.J.L. Pleurophomopsis Petr. 1924, anamorphic Phillips 2006, with Botryosphaeria-like Astrosphaeriella Syd. & P. Syd. 1913 teleomorphs* Polyschema H.P. Upadhyay 1966* Neoscytalidium Crous & Slippers 2006 Pseudochaetosphaeronema Punith. 1979 Phaeobotryon Theiss. & Syd. 1915* Repetophragma Subram. 1992* Phyllosticta Pers. 1818, anamorphic Guig- Sclerostagonospora Höhn. 1917* nardia Viala & Ravaz 1892 Sirodesmium De Not. 1849* Pseudofusicoccum Mohali, Slippers & M.J. Spadicoides S. Hughes 1958* Wingf. 2006 Sporidesmium Link 1809* Sphaeropsis Sacc. 1880 Versicolorisporium Sat. Hatak., Kaz. Tanaka & Y. Harada 2008 Botryosphaeriales, genera incertae sedis Zalerion-like, anamorphic Trematosphae- Camarosporium Schulzer 1870 ria Fuckel 1870 Dichomera Cooke 1878 Hendersonula Speg. 1880

9 Hysteriales Lindau Asterostomella Speg. 1886, anamorphic Hysteriaceae Chevall. Asterina Lév. Aposphaeria-like, anamorphic Gloniopsis Asterostromina Bat. & A.F. Vital 1957, De Not. 1847* and Hysterobrevium E. anamorphic Asterodothis Theiss. Boehm & C.L. Schoch 2010* Asterostomula Theiss. 1916, anamorphic Plenodomus Preuss 1851, anamorphic Echidnodes Theiss. & Syd. 1918 Psiloglonium Höhn. 1918* ?Clasterosporium Schwein. 1832, Septonema Corda 1837, anamorphic Oedo- anamorphic Eupelte Syd. 1924 hysterium E. Boehm & C.L. Schoch Clasterosporium-like, anamorphic Asteri- 2009* na Lév. 1845 Sporidesmium Link 1809, anamorphic Elachopeltis Syd. 1927, ?anamorphic Psiloglonium Höhn. 1918* Aphanopeltis Syd. 1927 Leprieurina G. Arnaud 1918, anamorphic Jahnulales Pang, Abdel-Wahab, El-Sharouney, Prillieuxina G. Arnaud 1918 E.B.G. Jones & Sivichai Peltasterella Bat. & H. Maia 1959, ?ana- Aliquandostipitaceae Inderbitzin morphic Yamamotoa Bat. 1960 Brachiosphaera Nawawi 1976* Pirozynskia Subram. 1972, anamorphic Xylomyces Goos, R.D. Brooks & Lamore Eupelte Syd. 1924 1977* Mahanteshamomyces Hosag. & C.K. Biju 2004 Mytilinidiales Boehm, C.L. Schoch & Septoidium-like, anamorphic Eupelte Syd. Spatafora 1924 Gloniaceae (Corda) Boehm, C.L. Schoch & Septothyrella Höhn. 1911, anamorphic Spatafora Uleothyrium Petr. 1929 Cleistonium Speer 1986, anamorphic Sirothyriella Höhn. 1910, anamorphic Glonium Mühl. 1813 Morenoina Thesis. 1913 ?Thyrinula Petr. & Syd. 1924, anamorphic Mytilinidiaceae Kirschst. Aulographina Arx & E. Müll. Camaroglobulus Speer 1986, anamorphic Shivomyces Hosag. 2004 Mytilinidion Duby 1862 Triposporium Corda 1837, anamorphic Chalara-like, anamorphic Quasiconcha Batistinula Arx 1960 M.E. Barr & M. Blackw. 1981 Papulospora-like, anamorphic Lophium Fr. Corynesporascaceae Sivan. 1818 Corynespora Güssow 1906, anamorphic Septonema-like anamorphic Mytilinidion Corynesporasca Sivan. Duby 1862 Dacampiaceae Körb. Patellariales D. Hawksw. & O.E. Erikss. Cyclothyrium Petr. 1923, anamorphic Patellariaceae Corda Polycoccum Saut. ex Körb. 1865 Aposphaeria-like, anamorphic Rhytidhy- Lecythophora-like, anamorphic Munkoval- steron Speg. 1881 saria Aptroot 1995 Diplodia-like, anamorphic Rhytidhysteron Speg. 1881 Englerulaceae Henn. Capnodiastrum Speg. 1886, anamorphic Dothideomycetes, families incertae sedis Englerula Henn. 1904 and Rhyti- Ascoporiaceae Kutorga & D. Hawksw. denglerula Höhn. 1918 Plectophomella-like, anamorphic Pseudo- Questieriella G. Arnaud ex S. Hughes solidum Lloyd 1923 1983, anamorphic Schiffnerula Höhn. 1909 Asterinaceae Hansf. Mitteriella Syd. 1933, anamorphic Schiff- ?Acarella Syd. 1927, anamorphic More- nerula Höhn. 1909 noina Theiss. 1913

10 Mycosphere

Sarcinella Sacc. 1880, anamorphic Schiff- Microthyriaceae Sacc. nerula Höhn. 1909 Asterostomula Theiss. 1916, anamorphic Asterinella Theiss. 1912 Eremomcetaceae Malloch & Cain Asteromella-like, anamorphic Asterinella Arthrographis G. Cochet ex Sigler & J.W. Theiss. 1912 Carmich. 1976, anamorphic Eremomy- Eriothyrium Speg. 1888 (possible link ces Malloch & Cain to Asterinema Bat. & Gayão 1953) Trichosporiella-like, anamorphic Rhexo- Hansfordiella S. Hughes 1951, anamor- thecium Samson & Mouch. 1975 phic Trichothyrium Speg. 1889 Isthmospora F. Stevens 1918, anamorphic Euantennariaceae Hughes & Corlett Trichothyrium Speg. 1889 Antennatula Fr. ex F. Strauss 1850, Leptothyrium Kunze 1823, anamorphic anamorphic Euantennaria Speg. and Microthyrium Desm. 1841 Strigopodia Bat. 1957 Xenogliocladiopsis Crous & W.B. Kendr. Capnokyma S. Hughes 1975 1994, anamorphic Arnaudiella Petr. Capnophialophora S. Hughes 1966, 1927 anamorphic Strigopodia Bat. 1957 Hormisciomyces Bat. & Nascim. 1957, Parmulariaceae E. Müll. & Arx ex M.E. Barr anamorphic Euantennaria Speg. ?Melanoplaca Syd. & P. Syd. 1917, Hyphosoma Syd. 1924, anamorphic Strigo- anamorphic Dothidasteroma Höhn. podia Bat. 1957 1909 Plokamidomyces Bat., C.A.A. Costa & Cif. Placomelan Cif. 1962, anamorphic 1957, anamorphic Trichopeltheca Bat., Dothidasteroma Höhn. 1909 C.A.A. Costa & Cif. 1958 Racodium Fr. 1829, anamorphic Strigo- Parodiellaceae Theiss. & H. Syd. ex M.E. Barr podia Bat. 1957 ?Ascochytopsis Henn. 1905, anamorphic Trichothallus F. Stevens 1925, anamorphic Parodiella Speg. 1880 Trichopeltheca Bat., C.A.A. Costa & Cif. 1958 Parodiopsidaceae Toro Chuppia-like, anamorphic Neoparodia Fenestellaceae M.E. Barr Petr. & Cif. 1932 Pleurostromella Petr. 1922, anamorphic Cicinnobella Henn. 1904, anamorphic Fenestella Tul. & C. Tul. 1863 Perisporiopsis Henn. 1904 (as Phaeo- Leptopeltidaceae Höhn. ex Trotter dimeriella Speg. 1908) and Dimerium Idriella-like, anamorphic Dothiopeltis E. (Sacc. & P. Syd.) Sacc. & D. Sacc. Mull. 1957 1905 Leptothyrium-like, anamorphic Leptopeltis Exosporinella Bender 1932, possibly Höhn. 1917 anamorphic Parodiellina Henn. ex G. Arnaud 1918 Meliolinaceae S. Hughes Ophiotrichum Kunze 1849 ?anamorphic Briania D.R. Reynolds 1989, anamorphic Leptomeliola Höhn. 1919 Meliolina Syd. & P. Syd. 1914 Sarcinella-like, anamorphic Neoparodia Petr. & Cif. 1932 Micropeltidaceae Clem. & Shear Septoidium G. Arnaud 1921, anamorphic Cyclopeltella Petr. 1953, anamorphic Alina Racib. 1909, possibly Perispo- Cyclopeltis Petr. 1953 riopsis Henn. 1904* and Pilgeriella Sirothyriella Höhn. 1910, anamorphic Henn. 1900 Stomiopeltis Theiss. 1914 Tretospora M.B. Ellis 1976, anamorphic Sporidesmium-like anamorphic Stomio- Balladyna Racib. and Balladynopsis peltis Theiss. 1914 (as Akaropeltella Theiss. & Syd. M.L. Farr, 1972)

11 Planistromellaceae M.E. Barr Helicoma Corda 1837, anamorphic Aposphaeria-like, anamorphic Microcyclus Tubeufia Penz. & Sacc. 1898 Sacc., Syd. & P. Syd. 1904 Helicoön Morgan 1892 Fusicladium Bonord. 1851, anamorphic Helicomyces Link 1809, anamorphic Microcyclus Sacc., Syd. & P. Syd. 1904 Acanthostigma De Not. (1863) Hyphospora A.W. Ramaley 1996, ana- Helicosporium Nees 1816, anamorphic morphic Comminutispora A.W. Rama- Acanthostigma De Not. (1863), Thax- ley 1996 teriellopsis Sivan., Panwar & S.J. Kaur Kellermania Ellis & Everh. 1885, 1977, Tubeufia Penz. & Sacc. 1898 anamorphic Planistroma A.W. Ramaley Kamalomyces R.K. Verma, N. Sharma & 1991 Soni 2008 Lecanosticta Syd. 1922, anamorphic Mirandina G. Arnaud ex Matsush. 1975, Eruptio M.E. Barr 1996 anamorphic Taphrophila Scheuer 1988 Pazschkeella Syd. & P. Syd. 1901, Monodictys-like, anamorphic Tubeufia anamorphic Microcyclus Sacc., Syd. & Penz. & Sacc. 1898 P. Syd. 1904 Pendulispora M.B. Ellis 1961, anamorphic Piptarthron Mont. ex Höhn. 1918, Tubeufia Penz. & Sacc. 1898 anamorphic Planistroma A.W. Ramaley Peziotrichum (Sacc.) Lindau 1900, ana- 1991 morphic Podonectria Petch 1921 Tetracrium Henn. 1902, anamorphic Putte- Polystomellaceae Theiss. & H. Syd. mansia Henn. 1902 Lasmenia Speg. 1886, anamorphic Mun- Titaea Sacc. 1876, anamorphic Paranec- kiella Speg. 1885 triella (Henn. ex Sacc. & D. Sacc.) Asteromella Pass. & Thüm. 1880 (as Höhn. 1910 Stictochorella Höhn. 1917), anamorphic Xenosporium Penz. & Sacc. 1901, anamor- Dothidella Speg. 1880 phic Acanthostigmella Höhn. 1905 and Chaetosphaerulina I. Hino 1938 (as Pseudoperisporiaceae Toro Thaxteriellopsis Sivan., Panwar & S.J. Chaetosticta Petr. & Syd. 1925, anamor- Kaur 1977). phic Lasiostemma Theiss., Syd. & P. Syd. 1917 and ?Nematostoma Syd. & P. Vizellaceae H.J. Swart Syd. 1914 Chrysogloeum Petr. 1959, anamorphic Blasdalea Sacc. & P. Syd. 1902 Schizothyriaceae Höhn. ex Trotter, Sacc., D. Manginula G. Arnaud 1918, anamorphic Sacc. & Traverso Vizella Sacc. 1883 Plenotrichaius Bat. & Valle 1961, anamor- phic Mycerema Bat., J.L. Bezerra & Dothideomycetes, genera incertae sedis Cavalc 1963 Acrocalymma Alcorn & J.A.G. Irwin Zygophiala E.W. Mason 1945, anamorphic (1987), anamorphic Massarina, how- Schizothyrium Desm. 1849* ever Massarina has been shown to be polyphyletic and its placement is there- Tubeufiaceae M.E. Barr fore presently unclear. Annellospermosporella P.R. Johnst. 1999, Ascochyta-like, anamorphic Gilletiella anamorphic Malacaria Syd. 1930 Sacc. & P. Syd. 1899 Aquaphila Goh, K.D. Hyde & W.H. Ho Asteromella Pass. & Thüm. 1880 1998, anamorphic Tubeufia Penz. & Bactrodesmium Cooke 1883, anamorphic Sacc. 1898 Stuartella Fabre 1879 Araneomyces Höhn. 1909, anamorphic Bahusakala Subram. 1958 Paranectriella (P. Henn. & Sacc.) Höhn. Blastostroma C.Z. Wei, Y. Harada & Guelichia Speg. 1886, anamorphic Putte- Katum. 1998, anamorphic Mycodidy- mansia Henn. 1902 mella C.Z. Wei, Y. Harada & Katum. 1998

12 Mycosphere

Brachyconidiella R.F. Castañeda & W.B. mella C.Z. Wei, Y. Harada & Katum. Kendr. 1990 1997 Camarosporula Petr. 1954, anamorphic Ramalia Bat. 1957 Anthracostroma Petr. 1954 Rhizopycnis D.F. Farr 1998 Cenococcum Moug. & Fr. 1829 Scleroconidioma Tsuneda, Currah & Thor- Chaetasbolisia Speg. 1918, anamorphic mann 2000 Pseudomorfea Punith. 1981* Septoriella Oudem. 1889 Cladoriella Crous 2006 Sympodiella-like, anamorphic Sympoven- Coniosporium Link 1809* turia Crous & Seifert 2007 Coronospora M.B. Ellis 1971, anamorphic Troposporella P. Karst. 1892* Ascocoronospora Matsush. 2003 Xenostigmina Crous 1998* Cryomyces Selbmann, de Hoog, Mazzaglia, Friedmann & Onofri 2005* Class Eurotiomycetes Tehler ex O.E. Eriksson ?Cyclothyrium Petr. 1923, anamorphic & K. Winka Thyridaria Sacc. 1875 Subclass Chaetothyriomycetidae Doweld Dendryphiopsis S. Hughes 1953, ana- Chaetothyriales M.E. Barr morphic Kirschsteiniothelia D. Hawksw. Chaetothyriaceae Hansf. ex M.E. Barr 1985 Cyphellophora G.A. de Vries 1962* Diederichia D. Hawksw. 2003 Merismella Syd. 1927, anamorphic Dilophospora Desm. 1840, anamorphic Chaetothyrium Speg. Lidophia J. Walker & B. Sutton 1974 Stanhughesia Constant. 1989, anamorphic Diplodia-like, anamorphic Otthia Nitschke Ceramothyrium Bat. & H. Maia 1956 ex Fuckel 1870 Vonarxia Bat. 1960* Disculina Höhn. 1916 Hansfordiellopsis Deighton 1960, anamor- Herpotrichiellaceae Munk phic Koordersiella Höhn. 1909 Brycekendrickomyces Crous & M.J. Wingf. Helicodendron Peyronel 1918, anamorphic 2009* Tyrannosorus Unter. & Malloch 1995 Cladophialophora Borelli 1980, anamor- Hiospira R.T. Moore 1962, anamorphic phic Capronia Sacc. 1883* Brooksia Hansf. 1956 Exophiala J.W. Carmich. 1966, anamor- Iledon Samuels & J.D. Rogers 1986, phic Capronia Sacc. 1883 anamorphic Botryohypoxylon Samuels Fonsecaea Negroni 1936, anamorphic & J.D. Rogers 1986 Capronia Sacc. 1883 Megaloseptoria Naumov 1925 Metulocladosporiella Crous, Schroers, J.Z. Monodictys S. Hughes 1958 Groenew., U. Braun & K. Schub. 2006 Peltaster Syd. & P. Syd. 1917 Nadsoniella Issatsch. 1914 Phaeothecoidiella Batzer & Crous 2010* Phaeococcomyces de Hoog 1979 Phanerococculus Cif. 1954, anamorphic Phialophora Medlar 1915 Koordersiella Höhn. 1909 Racodium Pers. 1794, anamorphic Capro- Phialophora-like, anamorphic Tirisporella nia Sacc. 1883 E.B.G. Jones, K.D. Hyde & Alias 1996 Rhinocladiella Nannf. 1934, anamorphic Phoma-like, anamorphic Tremateia Capronia Sacc. 1883 Kohlm., Volkm.-Kohlm. & O.E. Erikss. Sorocybe Fr. 1849 1995 Thysanorea Arzanlou, W. Gams & Crous Placosphaeria (De Not.) Sacc. 1880 2007 Plectopycnis Bat. & A.F. Vital 1959 Pleurostromella Petr. 1922, anamorphic Chaetothyriales M.E. Barr, genera incertae Gibberidea Fuckel 1870 sedis Pseudorobillarda M. Morelet 1968* Coniosporium Link 1809, the type species Pycnopleiospora C.Z. Wei, Y. Harada & is considered as Sirodesmium De Not. Katum. 1997, anamorphic Pseudodidy- 1849*

13 Phaeoannellomyces McGinnis & Schell Petromyces Malloch & Cain 1973* and 1985 Warcupiella Subram. 1972 Staninwardia B. Sutton 1971* Eladia G. Sm. 1961* Strelitziana Arzanlou & Crous 2006* Geosmithia-like anamorphic Chromocleis- ta Yaguchi & Udagawa 1993 and Pyrenulales Fink ex D. Hawksw. & O.E. Talaromyces C.R. Benj. 1955 Erikss. Isaria Pers. 1794, anamorphic Byssochla- Pyrenulales, genera incertae sedis mys Westling Lyromma Bat. & H. Maia 1965 Merimbla Pitt 1979, anamorphic Talaro- myces C.R. Benj. 1955* Chaetothyriomycetidae, families incertae sedis Paecilomyces Bainier 1907, anamorphic Rhynchostomataceae Winka & O. E. Erikss. Byssochlamys Westling 1909* Arthropycnis Constant. 1992, anamorphic Paecilomyces-like, anamorphic Cooneme- Rhynchostoma P. Karst. ria Mouch. 1997 Penicillium Link 1809, anamorphic Strigulaceae Zahlbr. Eupenicillium F. Ludw. 1892*, Talaro- Discosiella Syd. & P. Syd. 1912, anamor- myces C.R. Benj. 1955* and Tricho- phic Strigula Fr. 1823 coma Jungh. 1838 Polypaecilum G. Sm. 1961, anamorphic Chaetothyriomycetidae, genera incertae sedis Dactylomyces Sopp 1912, Dichotomo- Peyronelia Cif. & Gonz. Frag. 1927, myces Saito ex D.B.Scott 1970 and anamorphic Glyphium Nitschke ex F. Thermoascus Miehe 1907 Lehm. 1886 Pseudocordyceps Hauman 1936, anamor- Phaeomoniella Crous & W. Gams 2000* phic Penicilliopsis Solms 1887 Rhabdospora-like, anamorphic Dolabra C. Sagenomella W. Gams 1978, anamorphic Booth & W.P. Ting 1964* Sagenoma Stolk & G.F. Orr 1974 Taeniolella S. Hughes 1958*, anamorphic Sarophorum Syd. & P. Syd. 1916, Glyphium Nitschke ex F. Lehm. 1886 anamorphic Penicilliopsis Solms 1887 Stilbodendron Syd. & P. Syd. 1916, Subclass Eurotiomycetidae Geiser & Lutzoni anamorphic Penicilliopsis Solms 1887 Coryneliales Seaver & Chardon Stilbothamnium Henn. 1896 Coryneliaceae Sacc. ex Berl. & Voglino Thysanophora W.B. Kendr. 1961 Exophiala J.W. Carmich. 1966, anamor- Torulomyces Delitsch 1943 phic Bicornispora Checa, Barrasa, M.N. Blanco & A.T. Martínez 1996 Eurotiales, genera incertae sedis Thermomyces Tsikl. 1899 Eurotiales G.W. Martin ex Benny & Kimbr. Monascaceae J. Schröt. Eurotiomycetidae genera incertae sedis Basipetospora G.T. Cole & W.B. Kendr. Penicillium Link 1809, anamorphic Para- 1968, anamorphic Monascus Tiegh. talaromyces Matsush. 2003 ?Fraseriella Cif. & A.M. Corte 1957, anamorphic Xeromyces Fraser Onygenales Cif. ex Benny & Kimbr. Ajellomycetaceae Untereiner, J.A. Scott & Trichocomaceae E. Fisch. Sigler Aspergillus P. Micheli ex Link 1809, Emmonsia Cif. & Montemart. 1959, anamorphic Dichlaena Durieu & Mont. anamorphic Ajellomyces McDonough & 1849, Emericella Berk. & Broome 1857, A.L. Lewis 1968 Eurotium Link 1809, Fennellia B.J. Histoplasma Darling 1906, anamorphic Wiley & E.G. Simmons 1973, Hemicar- Ajellomyces McDonough & A.L. Lewis penteles A.K. Sarbhoy & Elphick 1968, 1968 Neopetromyces Frisvad & Samson 2000, Lacazia Taborda, V.A. Taborda & Neosartorya Malloch & Cain 1973*, McGinnis 1999*

14 Mycosphere

Loboa Cif., P.C. Azevedo, Campos & Chrysosporium-like, anamorphic Asco- Carneiro 1956 sphaera L.S. Olive & Spiltoir 1955 and Paracoccidioides F.P. Almeida 1930 Bettsia Skou 1972

Arachnomycetaceae Gibas, Sigler & Currah Onygenales, genera incertae sedis Onychocola Sigler 1990, anamorphic Arthropsis Sigler, M.T. Dunn & J.W. Arachnomyces Massee & E.S. Salmon Carmich. 1982 1902 Lacazia Taborda, V.A. Taborda & McGinnis 1999 Gymnoascaceae Baran. Chrysosporium-like, anamorphic Orromy- Subclass Mycocaliciomycetidae Tibell ces B. Sur & G.R. Ghosh 1987 Mycocaliciales Tibell & Wedin Malbranchea Sacc. 1882, anamorphic Mycocaliciaceae A.F.W. Schmid Byssoonygena Guarro, Punsola & Cano Asterophoma D. Hawksw. 1981, ana- 1987 and Gymnoascus Baran. 1872 morphic Chaenothecopsis Vain. 1927 Oncocladium Wallr. 1833, anamorphic Catenomycopsis Tibell & Constant. 1991, Gymnoascus Baran. 1872 anamorphic Chaenothecopsis Vain. 1927 Onygenaceae Berk. Phialophora-like, anamorphic Chaenothe- Castanedomyces Cano, L.B. Pitarch & copsis Vain. 1927 and Mycocalicium Guarro 2002 Vain. 1890 Chrysosporium Corda 1833 anamorphic Class Laboulbeniomycetes Engler Amauroascus J. Schröt., Aphanoascus Laboulbeniales Engler Zukal 1890*, Apinisia La Touche 1968, Pyxidiophorales P.F. Cannon Arachnotheca Arx 1971, Nannizziopsis Pyxidiophoraceae Arnold Currah 1985, ?Polytolypa J.A. Scott & Chalara-like, anamorphic Pyxidiophora Malloch 1993*, Pectinotrichum Varsav- Bref. & Tavel 1891 sky & G.F. Orr 1971, ?Renispora Sigler Gliocephalis Matr. 1899 & J.W. Carmich. 1979* Pleurocatena G. Arnaud ex Aramb., Coccidioides G.W. Stiles 1896 Gamundí, W. Gams & G.R.W. Arnold Malbranchea-like, anamorphic Auxarthron 2007, anamorphic Pyxidiophora Bref. G.F. Orr & Kuehn 1963, Byssoonygena & Tavel 1891 Guarro, Punsola & Cano 1987 and Thaxteriola Speg. 1918, anamorphic Uncinocarpus Sigler & G.F. Orr 1976 Pyxidiophora Bref. & Tavel 1891

Arthrodermataceae Currah Class Lecanoromycetes O.E. Erikss. & Winka Chrysosporium Corda 1833, anamorphic Subclass Ostropomycetidae Reeb, Lutzoni & Shanorella R.K. Benj. 1956 Cl. Roux Chrysosporium-like, anamorphic Cteno- Agyriales Clem. & Shear myces Eidam 1880 Trapeliaceae M. Choisy ex Hertel Epidermophyton Sabour. 1907, anamor- Epithyrium (Sacc.) Trotter 1931, phic Arthroderma Curr. 1860 anamorphic Sarea Fr. 1825 Microsporum Gruby 1843, anamorphic Pycnidiella Höhn. 1915, anamorphic Sarea Arthroderma Curr. 1860 Fr. 1825 Myceliophthora Costantin 1892, anamorphic Arthroderma Curr. 1860 Ostropales Nannf. Trichophyton Malmsten 1848, anamorphic Odontotremataceae D. Hawksw. & Sherwood Arthroderma Curr. 1860 Pycnidial anamorph associated with Claviradulomyces P.R. Johnst., D.C. Ascosphaeraceae L.S. Olive & Spiltoir Park, H.C. Evans, R.W. Barreto & D.J. Soares 2010

15 Stictidaceae Fr. Bulgariaceae Fr. ?Coleophoma-like, anamorphic Stictopha- Crinula Fr. 1821, anamorphic Holwaya cidium Rehm 1888 Sacc. 1889 ?Ebollia Minter & Caine 1980, anamor- Endomelaconium Petr. 1940, anamorphic phic Stictophacidium Rehm 1888 Bulgaria Fr. 1822 Phacidiella-like anamorphic Acarosporina Sherwood 1977 Dermateaceae Fr. Stictospora Cif. 1957, anamorphic Stictis Cadophora-like, anamorphic Phaeomol- Pers. 1800 lisia T.N. Sieber & Grünig 2009 Casaresia Gonz. Frag. 1920, anamorphic Subclass Lecanoromycetidae P.M. Kirk, P.F. Mollisia (Fr.) P. Karst. 1871 Cannon, J.C. David & Stalpers ex Miadl., Chondropodium-like, anamorphic Walto- Lutzoni & Lumbsch nia Saho 1970 Lecanorales Nannf. Corniculariella P. Karst. 1884, anamor- Pilocarpaceae Zahlbr. phic Dermea Fr. 1825 and Durandiella Pyriomyces Bat. & H. Maia 1965, Seaver 1932 anamorphic Byssoloma Trevis. 1853 Cryptocline Petr. 1924, anamorphic Szczawinskia A. Funk 1984 Trochila Fr. 1849 Cryptosporiopsis Bubák & Kabát 1912*, Stereocaulaceae Chevall. anamorphic Neofabraea H.S. Jacks. Lepraria Ach. 1803 1913, Pezicula Tul. & C. Tul. 1865 and ?Ocellaria (Tul. & C. Tul.) P. Karst. Lecanorales, genera incertae sedis 1871 Leprocaulon Nyl. 1878 Cryptosympodula Verkley 1999, anamor- Vouauxiomyces Dyko & D. Hawks. 1979, phic Scleropezicula Verkley 1999 anamorphic Abrothallus De Not. 1845 Cylindrocolla Bonord. 1851, anamorphic Calloria Fr. 1836 Class Leotiomycetes O.E. Erikss. & Winka Cylindrosporium Grev. 1822, anamorphic Cyttariales Luttr. ex Gamundı´ Pyrenopeziza Fuckel 1870 Cyttariaceae Speg. Cystodendron Bubák 1914, anamorphic Cytariella Palm 1932, anamorphic Cytta- Mollisia (Fr.) P. Karst. 1871 and ria Berk. 1842 Niptera Fr. 1849 Diplosporonema Höhn. 1917, anamorphic Erysiphales Gwynne-Vaughan Pyrenopeziza Fuckel 1917* Erysiphaceae Tul. & C. Tul. Discogloeum Petr. 1923, anamorphic Oidiopsis Scalia 1902, anamorphic Leveil- Spilopodia Boud. 1885 lula G. Arnaud 1921 Entomosporium Lév. 1856, anamorphic Oidium Link 1824, anamorphic Arthro- Diplocarpon F.A. Wolf 1912 cladiella Vassilkov 1960, Brasiliomyces Eriosporella Höhn. 1916, possibly Viégas 1944, Cystotheca Berk. & M.A. anamorphic Laetinaevia Nannf. 1932 Curtis 1860, Erysiphe R. Hedw. ex DC. Foveostroma DiCosmo 1978, anamorphic 1805 and Golovinomyces (U. Braun) Dermea Fr. 1825 V.P. Gelyuta 1988, Neoerysiphe U. Gelatinosporium Peck 1873, anamorphic Braun 1999*, Podosphaera Kunze 1823 Dermea Fr. 1825 and Durandiella and Sawadaea Miyabe 1914 Seaver 1932 Ovulariopsis Pat. & Har. 1900, ana- Gloeosporidiella Petr. 1921, anamorphic morphic Phyllactinia Lév. 1851 Drepanopeziza (Kleb.) Höhn. 1917 and Streptopodium R.Y. Zheng & G.Q. Chen Pseudopeziza Fuckel 1870 1978, anamorphic Pleochaeta Sacc. & Hainesia Ellis & Sacc. 1884, anamorphic Speg. 1881 Discohainesia Nannf. 1932 Helicodendron Peyronel 1918, anamorphic Helotiales Nannf. Mollisia (Fr.) P. Karst. 1871

16 Mycosphere

Laetinaevia Nannf. 1932, anamorphic Dichaenopsella Petr. 1952, type is Naeviopsis B. Hein 1976 anamorphic Godroniopsis Diehl & E.K. Marssonina Magnus 1906, anamorphic Cash 1929 Diplocarpon F.A. Wolf 1912 & Digitosporium Gremmen 1953 anamorphic Drepanopeziza (Kleb.) Höhn. 1917 Crumenulopsis J.W. Groves 1969 Melanodiscus Höhn. 1918, anamorphic Dimorphospora Tubaki 1958, anamorphic Spilopodia Boud. 1885 Hymenoscyphus Gray 1821 Microgloeum Petr. 1922, anamorphic Dothiorina Höhn. 1911, anamorphic Chlo- Blumeriella Arx 1961 rociboria Seaver ex Ramamurthi, Korf Monostichella Höhn. 1916, anamorphic & L.R. Batra 1958 Drepanopeziza (Kleb.) Höhn. 1917 Endomelaconium Petr. 1940, anamorphic Phacidiella P. Karst. 1884, anamorphic Austrocenangium Gamundí 1997 Pyrenopeziza Fuckel 1870 Fuckelia Bonord. 1864, anamorphic Phialocephala W.B. Kendr. 1961* Godronia Moug. & Lév. 1846 Phialocephala-like, anamorphic Phaeo- Geniculospora Sv. Nilsson ex Marvanová mollisia T.N. Sieber & Grünig 2009 & Sv. Nilsson 1971, anamorphic Hyme- Phialophora-like, anamorphic Dibeloniel- noscyphus Gray 1821 la Nannf. 1932 Gliomastix-like anamorphic Ascoclavulina Phloeosporella Höhn. 1924, anamorphic Y. Otani 1974 Blumeriella Arx 1961 Heteropatella Fuckel 1874, anamorphic Phlyctema Desm. 1847, anamorphic Neo- Heterosphaeria Grev. 1824 fabraea H.S. Jacks. 1913 Hormonema-like, anamorphic Pragmopo- Pilidium Kunze 1823, anamorphic Disco- ra A. Massal 1855 hainesia Nannf. 1932 Idriella P.E. Nelson & S. Wilh. 1956, Sporonema Desm. 1847, ?anamorphic anamorphic Hymenoscyphus Gray 1821 Leptotrochila P. Karst. 1871 Periperidium Darker 1963, anamorphic Trichosporiella Kamyschko 1960, anamor- Micraspis Darker 1963 phic Laetinaevia Nannf. 1932 Phialophora-like, anamorphic Pseudopezi- cula Korf 1975 Helotiaceae Rehm Pragmopycnis B. Sutton & A. Funk 1975, Articulospora Ingold 1942, anamorphic anamorphic Pragmopora A. Massal Hymenoscyphus Gray 1821 1855 Ascoconidium Seaver 1942, anamorphic Pseudospiropes M.B. Ellis 1971, ana- Sageria A. Funk 1975 morphic Strossmayeria Schulzer 1881 Bloxamia Berk. & Broome 1854, anamor- Rhinocladiella-like, anamorphic Bioscy- phic Bisporella Sacc. 1884 pha Syd. 1927 Bothrodiscus Shear 1907, anamorphic Rhizothyrium Naumov 1915, anamorphic Ascocalyx Naumov 1926 Rhizocalyx Petr. 1928 Brunchorstia Erikss. 1891, anamorphic Scytalidium-like, anamorphic Hymeno- Gremmeniella M. Morelet 1969 scyphus Gray 1821 Bryophytomyces Cif. 1953, anamorphic Sirodothis Clem. 1909, anamorphic Tym- Hymenoscyphus Gray 1821 panis Tode 1790 Coryne Nees 1816, anamorphic Asco- Sporonema Desm. 1847, anamorphic coryne J.W. Groves & D.E. Wilson Godronia Moug. & Lév. 1846 1967 Symphyosirella Seifert 2009, anamorphic Cystotricha Berk. & Broome 1850, ?ana- Symphyosirinia E.A. Ellis 1956* morphic Xylogramma Wallr. 1833 Titaeospora Bubák 1916, anamorphic Deltosperma W.Y. Zhuang 1988, ana- Stamnaria Fuckel 1870 morphic Unguiculariopsis Rehm 1909 Topospora Fr. 1836, anamorphic Godronia Dendrostilbella Höhn. 1905, anamorphic Moug. & Lév. 1846 Claussenomyces Kirschst. 1923

17 Tricladium Ingold 1942, anamorphic Phialophora-like, anamorphic Neobulga- Cudoniella Sacc. 1889 and Hymeno- ria Petr. 1921* scyphus Gray 1821* Varicosporium W. Kegel 1906, anamor- Loramycetaceae Dennis ex Digby & Goos phic Hymenoscyphus Gray 1821* Anguillospora-like, anamorphic Loramy- ces W. Weston 1929 Hemiphacidiaceae Korf Meria Vuill. 1896, anamorphic Rhabdo- Phacidiaceae Fr. cline Syd. 1922 Allantophomopsis Petr. 1925, anamorphic Rhabdogloeum Syd. 1922, anamorphic Phacidium Fr. 1815 Rhabdocline Syd. 1922 Apostrasseria Nag Raj 1983, anamorphic Rhabdogloeopsis Petr. 1925, anamorphic Lophophacidium Lagerb. 1949 and Sarcotrochila Höhn. 1917 Phacidium Fr. 1815 Blennoria Moug. & Fr. 1825, anamorphic Hyaloscyphaceae Nannf. Phacidium Fr. 1815 Acleistia Bayl. Ell. (1917) anamorphic Ceuthospora Grev. 1826, anamorphic Calycina Nees ex Gray 1821 Phacidium Fr. 1815 Brefeldochium Verkley 2005, anamorphic ?Coma Nag Raj & W.B. Kendr. 1972, Polydesmia Boud. 1885 anamorphic Ascocoma H.J. Swart Chalara-like, anamorphic Calycellina Höhn., Phaeoscypha Spooner 1984 and Rutstroemiaceae Holst-Jensen, L.M. Kohn & Tapesina Lambotte 1887 T. Schumacher Cheiromycella Höhn. 1910, anamorphic Helicodendron Peyronel 1918, anamorphic Hyaloscypha Boud. 1885 Lambertella Höhn. 1918 Clathrosphaerina Beverw. 1951, anamor- Myrioconium Syd. & P. Syd. 1912, ?ana- phic Hyaloscypha Boud. 1885 morphic Lanzia Sacc. 1884, Rutstro- Haplographium Berk. & Broome 1859, emia P. Karst. 1871 and Scleromitrula S. anamorphic Dematioscypha Svrček Imai 1941 1977 Phialophora-like, anamorphic Rutstroemia Mycoarthris Marvanová & P.J. Fisher P. Karst. 1871 2002 Naemospora Roth ex Kuntze 1898, Sclerotiniaceae Whetzel ex Whetzel possibly anamorphic Lachnellula P. Acarosporium Bubák & Vleugel ex Bubák Karst. 1884 1911, anamorphic Pycnopeziza W.L. Phialophora-like, anamorphic Cistella White & Whetzel 1938 Quél. and Hyalopeziza Fuckel 1870 Amerosporium Speg. 1882, anamorphic Pseudaegerita J.L. Crane & Schokn. 1981, Zoellneria Velen. 1934 anamorphic Hyaloscypha Boud. 1885 Amphobotrys Hennebert 1973, anamorphic Septonema-like anamorphic Ciliolarina Botryotinia Whetzel 1945 Svrcek 1977 Botrytis P. Micheli ex Pers. 1794, Tricladium Ingold 1942, anamorphic anamorphic Botryotinia Whetzel 1945 Hydrocina Scheuer 1991 Cristulariella Höhn. 1916, anamorphic Nervostroma Narumi & Y. Harada 2006 Leotiaceae Corda Haradamyces Masuya, Kusunoki, Kosaka Alatospora Ingold 1942 & Aikawa 2009* Aureohyphozyma Hosoya & Y. Otani 1995, Hinomyces Narumi & Y. Harada 2006, anamorphic Gelatinipulvinella Hosoya anamorphic Grovesinia M.N. Cline, J.L. & Y. Otani 1995 Crane & S.D. Cline 1983 Halenospora E.B.G. Jones 2009* Monilia Bonord. 1851, anamorphic Moni- Myrioconium-like, anamorphic Neobulga- linia Honey 1928 and Phaeosclerotinia ria Petr. 1921 Hori 1916

18 Mycosphere

Mycopappus Redhead & G.P. White 1985, Helgardia Crous & W. Gams 2003, ana- anamorphic Redheadia Y. Suto & morphic Oculimacula Crous & W. Suyama 2005 Gams 2003* Myrioconium Syd. & P. Syd. 1912, Hyalodendriella Crous 2007 anamorphic Ciborinia Whetzel 1945, Hyphodiscus Kirschst. 1906 Encoelia (Fr.) P. Karst. 1871, Mar- Hysteropezizella Höhn. 1917 tininia Dumont & Korf 1970, Myrio- Leptodontidium de Hoog 1979* sclerotinia N.F. Buchw. 1947 and Libartania Nag Raj 1979 Sclerotinia Fuckel 1870 Margaritispora Ingold 1942 Ovulitis N.F. Buchw. 1970, anamorphic Mirandina G. Arnaud ex Matsush. 1975 Ovulinia F.A. Weiss 1940 Monochaetiellopsis B. Sutton & DiCosmo Sclerotium Tode 1790, anamorphic Myrio- 1977, anamorphic Hypnotheca Tom- sclerotinia N.F. Buchw. 1947, Sclero- merup 1970 tinia Fuckel 1870* and Stromatinia Mycochaetophora Hara & Ogawa 1931* (Boud.) Boud. 1907* Neozythia Petr. 1958 Septotis N.F. Buchw. ex Arx 1970, Rhexocercosporidium U. Braun 1994* anamorphic Septotinia Whetzel ex J.W. Rhizocladosporium Crous & U. Braun Groves & M.E. Elliott 1961 2007 Streptobotrys Hennebert 1973, anamorphic Rhodesia Grove 1937 Streptotinia Whetzel 1945 Rhynchosporium Heinsen ex A.B. Frank Valdensia Peyronel 1923, anamorphic 1897* Valdensinia Peyronel 1953 Scytalidium Pesante 1957 Verrucobotrys Hennebert 1973, anamor- Sphaerographium Sacc. 1884 phic Seaverinia Whetzel 1945 Spirosphaera Beverw. 1953 Tetracladium De Wild. 1893 Vibrisseaceae Korf Thedgonia B. Sutton 1973* Acephala Grünig & T.N. Sieber 2005* Trimmatostroma Corda 1837 Anavirga B. Sutton 1975, anamorphic Variocladium Descals & Marvanová Vibrissea Fr. 1822 1999* Phialocephala W.B. Kendr. 1961, some possibly anamorphic Vibrissea Fr. Rhytismatales M.E. Barr ex Minter 1822* Ascodichaenaceae D. Hawksw. & Sherwood Phialophora-like anamorphic Chlorovi- Dichaenopsella Petr. 1952, anamorphic brissea L.M. Kohn 1989 Ascodichaena Butin 1977 Macroallantina Speer 1987, anamorphic Helotiales, genera incertae sedis Delpinoina Kuntze, 1891 Cadophora Lagerb. & Melin 1927* Polymorphum Chevall. 1822, anamorphic Catenulifera Hosoya 2002, anamorphic Ascodichaena Butin 1977 Hyphodiscus Kirschst. 1906* Chaetochalara B. Sutton & Piroz. 1965 Cryptomycetaceae Höhn. Chalara (Corda) Rabenh. 1844* ?Phacidiopycnis Potebnia 1912, anamor- Clathrosporium Nawawi & Kuthub. 1987 phic Potebniamyces Smerlis 1962 Crucellisporium M.L. Farr 1968* Cystotricha Berk. & Broome 1850 Rhytismataceae Chevall. Dactylaria Sacc. 1880 Crandallia Ellis & Sacc. 1897, ana- Diplococcium Grove 1885* morphic Bifusella Höhn. 1917 and Endoconidium Prill. & Delacr. 1891, Duplicaria Fuckel 1870 anamorphic Gloeotinia M. Wilson, Conostroma Moesz 1921, anamorphic Noble & E.G. Gray 1954 Colpoma Wallr. 1833 Fontanospora Dyko 1978* Cryocaligula Minter 1986, anamorphic Glarea Bills & Paláez 1999 Ploioderma Darker. 1967

19 Hysterodiscula Petr. 1942, anamorphic Dactylella Grove 1884, anamorphic Orbi- Duplicaria Fuckel 1870 lia Fr. 1836 Leptostroma Fr. 1815, anamorphic Lopho- Dicranidion Harkn. 1885, anamorphic Or- dermium Chevall. 1826 bilia Fr. 1836 Melasmia Lév. 1846, anamorphic Rhytis- Drechslerella Subram. 1964, anamorphic ma Fr. 1818* Orbilia Fr. 1836* Tryblidiopycnis Höhn. 1918, anamorphic Dwayaangam Subram. 1978, anamorphic Tryblidiopsis P. Karst. 1871 Orbilia Fr. 1836 Gamsylella M. Scholler, Hagedorn & A. Rhytismatales, genera incertae sedis Rubner 1999, anamorphic Orbilia Fr. Fuligomyces Morgan-Jones & Kamal 1984 1836 Uyucamyces H.C. Evans & Minter 1985, Monacrosporium Oudem. 1885, anamor- anamorphic Ocotomyces H.C. Evans & phic Orbilia Fr. 1836 Minter 1985 Trinacrium Riess 1852, anamorphic Orbi- lia Fr. 1836 Leotiomycetes, families incertae sedis Myxotrichaceae Currah Class Pezizomycetes sensu O.E. Erikss. & Geomyces Traaen 1914, anamorphic Winka Pseudogymnoascus Raillo 1929 Pezizales J. Schröt. Gymnostellatospora Udagawa, Uchiy. & Ascobolaceae Boud. ex Sacc. Kamiya 1993, ?anamorphic Pseudo- Rhizostilbella Wolk 1914, anamorphic gymnoascus Raillo 1929 Ascobolus Pers. 1792 Oidiodendron Robak 1932, anamorphic Byssoascus Arx 1971 and Myxotrichum Caloscyphaceae Harmaja Kunze 1823 Geniculodendron G.A. Salt 1974, anamor- Malbranchea Sacc. 1882, ?anamorphic phic Caloscypha Boud. 1885 Myxotrichum Kunze 1823 Chorioactidaceae Pfister Leotiomycetes, genera incertae sedis Kumanasamuha P.Rag. Rao & D. Rao Chaetomella Fuckel 1870 1964, anamorphic Chorioactis Kupfer Collophora Damm & Crous 2010* ex Eckblad 1968* Eleutheromyces Fuckel 1870, Verticicladium Preuss 1851, anamorphic Geniculospora Sv. Nilsson ex Marvanová Desmazierella Lib. 1829 & Sv. Nilsson 1971 Hyphozyma de Hoog & M.T. Sm. 1981 Morchellaceae Reichenb. Leohumicola N.L. Nick. 2005 Costantinella Matr. 1892, anamorphic Meliniomyces Hambl. & Sigler 2005 Morchella Dill. ex Pers. 1794 Scytalidium Pesante 1957, anamorphic Xylogone Arx & T. Nilsson 1969* Pezizaceae Dumort. Tiarosporella Höhn. 1924, anamorphic Chromelosporium Corda 1833, anamor- Darkera H.S. Whitney, J. Reid & Piroz. phic Muciturbo P.H.B. Talbot 1989, 1975 Peziza Dill. ex Fr. 1822 and Plicaria Fuckel 1870 Class Orbiliomycetes O.E. Erikss. & Baral Glischroderma Fuckel 1870 Orbiliales Baral, O.E. Erikss., G. Marson & E. Oedocephalum Preuss 1851, anamorphic Weber Iodophanus Korf 1967 and Peziza Dill. Orbiliaceae Nannf. ex Fr. 1822 Arthrobotrys Corda 1939, anamorphic Ostracoderma Fr. 1825, anamorphic Pezi- Orbilia Fr. 1836* za Dill. ex Fr. 1822 Brachyphoris Juan Chen, L.L. Xu, B. Liu & Xing Z. Liu 2007, anamorphic Pyronemataceae Corda Hyalorbilia Baral & G. Marson 2000 Actinospora Ingold 1952,

20 Mycosphere

Actinosporella Descals, Marvanová & J. Acremonium-like anamorphic Acantho- Webster 1999, anamorphic Miladina nitschkea Speg. Svrček 1972 Ascorhizoctonia Chin S. Yang & Korf Hypocreales Lindau 1985, anamorphic Tricharina Eckblad Bionectriaceae Samuels & Rossman 1968 Acremonium-like, anamorphic Dimero- Complexipes C. Walker 1979, anamorphic sporiella Speg. 1908, Ijuhya Starbäck Tricharina Eckblad 1968 and Wilcoxina 1899*, Hydropisphaera Dumont 1822*, Chin S. Yang & Korf 1985 Lasionectria (Sacc.) Cooke 1884, My- Dichobotrys Hennebert 1973, ?anamorphic coarachis Malloch & Cain 1970*, Pyropyxis Egger 1984 and Trichophaea Mycocitrus Moller 1901, Nectriella Boud. 1885 Nitschke ex Fuckel 1870, Nectriopsis Micronematobotrys Xiang Sun & L.D. Maire 1911*, Nigrosabulum Malloch & Guo 2010 Cain 1970*, Protocreopsis Yoshim. Doi Scytalidium-like, anamorph of Anthraco- 1977*, Selinia P. Karst. 1876*, and bia Boud. 1885 Stilbocrea Pat. 1900 and Verrucostoma Hirooka, Tak. Kobay. & Chaverri Rhizinaceae Bonord. 2010* Phymatotrichopsis Hennebert 1973 Albosynnema E.F. Morris 1967 Clonostachys Corda 1839, anamorphic Sarcoscyphaceae LeGal ex Eckblad Bionectria Speg. 1919 Molliardiomyces Paden 1984, anamorphic Dendrodochium-like, anamorphic Nectriel- Nanoscypha Denison 1972, Phillipsia la Nitschke ex Fuckel 1870 Berk. 1881, Pithya Fuckel 1870 and Didymostilbe Henn. 1902, anamorphic Sarcoscypha (Fr.) Boud. 1885 Peethambara Subram. & Bhat 1978 Gliocladium-like, anamorphic Roumegue- Sarcosomataceae Kobayasi riella Speg. 1880 Conoplea Pers. 1797 and ?anamorphic Gliomastix Guég. 1905, anamorphic Hy- Plectania Fuckel 1870 dropisphaera Dumort. 1822* Strumella Fr. 1849, anamorphic Urnula Fr. Gracilistilbella Seifert 2000, anamorphic 1849 Stilbocrea Pat. 1900 Verticicladium Preuss 1851, anamorphic Rhopalocladium Schroers, Samuels & W. Sarcosoma Casp. 1891 Gams 1999, anamorphic Nectriopsis Maire 1911 Pezizales, genera incertae sedis Stanjemonium W. Gams, O'Donnell, Cephaliophora Thaxt. 1903 Schroers & M. Chr. 1999 Stilbella-like, anamorphic Stilbocrea Pat. Class Sordariomycetes sensu O.E. Erikss. & 1900 Winka Tubercularia-like, anamorphic Selinia P. Subclass Hypocreomycetidae O.E. Erikss. & Karst. 1876 Winka Verticillium-like, anamorphic Nectriopsis Coronophorales Nannf. Maire 1911* Chaetosphaerellaceae Huhndorf, A.N. Mill. & Vesicladiella Crous & M.J. Wingf. 1994 F.A. Fernández Oedemium Link 1824, anamorphic Clavicipitaceae (Lindau) Earle ex Rogerson Chaetosphaerella E. Müll. & C. Booth Acremonium-like, anamorphic Neobarya 1972 Lowen 1986 Veramycina Subram. 1995, anamorphic Albomyces I. Miyake 1908, anamorphic Chaetosphaerella E. Müll. & C. Booth Aciculosporium I. Miyake 1972 Aschersonia Mont. 1848, anamorphic Hypocrella Sacc. and Moelleriella Bres. Nitschkiaceae (Fitzp.) Nannf. 1897.*

21 Blistum B. Sutton 1973, anamorphic Simplicillium W. Gams & Zare 2001, Berkelella (Sacc.) Sacc. 1891 possibly anamorphic Torrubiella Boud. Corallocytostroma Y.N. Yu & Z.Y. Zhang 1885* 1980 Drechmeria W. Gams & H.-B. Jansson Hypocreaceae De Not. 1985 Acremonium-like, anamorphic Protocrea Ephelis Fr. 1849, anamorphic Atkinsonella Petch 1937 and Pseudohypocrea Diehl, Balansia Speg., 1885, Epichloë Yoshim. Doi 1972 (Fr.) Tul. & C. Tul., 1865 and Linea- Acrostalagmus Corda 1838 ristroma Höhn. 1910 Arachnocrea Z. Moravec 1956, Protocrea Harposporium Lohde 1874, anamorphic Petch 1937 and Sarawakus Lloyd 1924 Podocrella Seaver 1928 Cladobotryum Nees 1816, anamorphic Hirsutella-like, anamorphic Orbiocrella D. Hypomyces (Fr.) Tul. & C. Tul. 1860 Johnson, G.H. Sung, Hywel-Jones & Gliocladium Corda 1840, anamorphic Spatafora 2009 and Moelleriella Bres. Hypocrea Fr. 1825* and Sphaerostil- 1897* bella (P. Henn.) Sacc. & D. Sacc. 1905 Metarhizium Sorokīn 1879, anamorphic Gliocladium-like, anamorphic Sarawakus Metacordyceps G.H. Sung, J.M. Sung, Lloyd 1924 Hywel-Jones & Spatafora 2007* Mycogone Link 1809, anamorphic Hypo- Neotyphodium Glenn, C.W. Bacon & myces (Fr.) Tul. & C. Tul. 1860 Hanlin 1996, anamorphic Epichloë (Fr.) Sepedonium Link 1809, anamorphic Hypo- Tul. & C. Tul. 1865 myces (Fr.) Tul. & C. Tul. 1860 Nomuraea Maubl. 1903 Sibirina G.R.W. Arnold 1970, anamorphic Polycephalomyces Kobayasi 1941, ana- Hypomyces (Fr.) Tul. & C. Tul. 1860 morphic Berkelella (Sacc.) Sacc. 1891 Stephanoma Wallr. 1833, anamorphic Pseudomeria G.L. Barron 1980 Hypomyces (Fr.) Tul. & C. Tul. 1860 Sphacelia Lév. 1827, anamorphic Atkin- Stromatocrea W.B. Cooke 1952, anamor- sonella Diehl 1950 and Claviceps Tul. phic Hypocreopsis P. Karst. 1873 1853 Trichoderma Pers. 1794, anamorphic Hypocrea Fr. 1825 and Podostroma P. Cordycipitaceae Kreisel ex G.M. Sung, J.M. Karst. 1892 Sung, Hywel-Jones & Spatafora Trichoderma-like, anamorphic Sarawakus Akanthomyces Lebert 1858, anamorphic Lloyd 1924 Cordyceps Fr. 1824 and Torrubiella Verticillium-like anamorphic Aphysiostro- Boud. 1885* ma Barrasa, A.T. Martínez & G. Beauveria Vuill. 1912, anamorphic Cordy- Moreno 1986* ceps Fr. 1824 Engyodontium de Hoog 1978 Nectriaceae Tul. & C. Tul. Gibellula Cavara 1894, anamorphic Torru- Acremonium-like, anamorphic Cosmospo- biella Boud. 1885* ra Rabenh. 1862*, Nectria (Fr.) Fr. Granulomanus de Hoog & Samson 1978, 1849 and Neocosmospora E.F. Sm. anamorphic Torrubiella Boud. 1885 1899 Isaria Pers. 1794 Actinostilbe Petch 1925, anamorphic La- Lecanicillium W. Gams & Zare 2001, natonectria Samuels & Rossman 1999 anamorphic Cordyceps Fr. 1824 and Antipodium Piroz. 1974, anamorphic Torrubiella Boud. 1885* Ophionectria Sacc. 1878* Microhilum H.Y. Yip & A.C. Rath 1989 Aphanocladium W. Gams 1971 ?Microides H.Y.Yip & A.C. Rath 1989 Calostilbella Höhn. 1919, anamorphic Pseudogibellula Samson & H.C. Evans Calostilbe Sacc. & Syd. 1902 1973 Chaetopsina Rambelli 1956, anamorphic Rotiferophthora G.L. Barron 1991 Chaetopsinectria J. Luo & W.Y.

22 Mycosphere

Zhuang* and Cosmospora Rabenh. Penicillifer Emden 1968, anamorphic Viri- 1862 dispora Samuels & Rossman 1999* Ciliciopodium violaceum Corda 1831, Pleurocolla Petr. 1924 anamorphic Nectria (Fr.) Fr. 1849 Rhizostilbella-like, anamorphic Corallo- Curvicladiella Decock & Crous 2006 mycetella Henn. 1904 Curvicladium Decock & Crous 1998 Septofusidium W. Gams 1971 Cyanochyta Höhn. 1915, anamorph of Stilbella Lindau 1900, anamorphic Cosmo- Gibberella Sacc. 1877 spora Rabenh. 1862 Cyanophomella Höhn. 1918, anamorph of Trichothecium-like, anamorphic Rodento- Gibberella Sacc. 1877 myces Doveri, Pecchia, Sarrocco & Cylindrocarpon Wollenw. 1913, anamor- Vannacci 2010* phic Neonectria Wollenw. 1917* Tubercularia Tode 1790, anamorphic Cylindrocladiella Boesew. 1982, anamor- Nectria (Fr.) Fr. 1849 phic Cosmospora Rabenh. 1862 and Verticillium-like, anamorphic Cosmospora Nectricladiella Crous & C.L. Schoch Rabenh. 1862* 2000 Volutella Fr. 1832, anamorphic Cosmo- Cylindrocladium Morgan 1892, anamor- spora Rabenh. 1862 and Pseudonectria phic Calonectria De Not. 1867* Seaver 1909* Dacryoma Samuels 1988, anamorphic Xenocylindrocladium Decock, Hennebert Nectria (Fr.) Fr. 1849 & Crous 1997, anamorphic Xenocalo- Dematiocladium Allegr., Aramb., Cazau & nectria Crous & C.L. Schoch 2000 Crous 2005 Zythiostroma Höhn. ex Falck 1923, Dichomera Cooke 1878, type is anamorph anamorphic Nectria (Fr.) Fr. 1849* of Gibberella Sacc. 1877 Flagellospora Ingold 1942, anamorphic Niessliaceae Kirschst. Nectria (Fr.) Fr. 1849 Acremonium-like, anamorphic Tricho- Fusarium Link 1809, anamorphic ?Albo- sphaerella E. Bommer, M. Rousseau & nectria Rossman & Samuels 1999, Cya- Sacc. 1891 and Valetoniellopsis Samu- nonectria Samuels & Chaverri 2009*, els & M.E. Barr 1998 Gibberella Sacc. 1877 and ?Haema- Custingophora-like, anamorphic Melanop- tonectria Samuels & Nirenberg 1999* samma Niessl 1876 and unknown teleomorphs* Monocillium S.B. Saksena 1955, ana- Fusarium-like, anamorphic Corallomyce- morphic Hyaloseta A.W. Ramaley 2001 tella Henn. 1904 and Cosmospora Monocillium S.B. Saksena 1955, ana- Rabenh. 1862 morphic Niesslia Auersw. 1869 Fusidium Link 1809, type is anamorphic Neonectria Wollenw. 1917 Ophiocordycipitaceae G.H. Sung, J.M. Sung, Gliocephalotrichum J.J. Ellis & Hesselt. Hywel-Jones & Spatafora 1962, anamorphic Leuconectria Ross- ?Chaunopycnis W. Gams 1979 man, Samuels & Lowen 1993* Haptocillium W. Gams & Zare 2001 Gliocladiopsis S.B. Saksena 1954, ana- Hirsutella Pat. 1892, anamorphic Ophio- morphic Glionectria Crous & S.L. cordyceps Petch 1931* Schoch 2000 Hymenostilbe Petch 1931, anamorphic Gyrostroma Naumov 1914, anamorphic Ophiocordyceps Petch 1931 Nectria (Fr.) Fr. 1849* Paraisaria Samson & B.L. Brady 1983, Heliscus Sacc. 1880, anamorphic Nectria anamorphic Ophiocordyceps Petch (Fr.) Fr. 1849 1931* Mariannaea G. Arnaud ex Samson 1974* Syngliocladium Petch 1932, anamorphic ?Mirandina G. Arnaud ex Matsush. 1975, Ophiocordyceps Petch 1931 anamorphic Chaetonectrioides Matsush. Tolypocladium W. Gams 1971, anamor- Nalanthamala Subram. 1956, anamorphic phic Elaphocordyceps G.H. Sung & Rubrinectria Rossman & Samuels 1999 Spatafora 2007

23 Verticillium-like, anamorphic Elaphocor- [Sphaerodes Clem. 1909 is a teleomorph dyceps G.H. Sung & Spatafora 2007 which was reported to produce ampul- liform phialides on irregularly branched Hypocreales, genera incertae sedis conidiophores diectrly on ascomata or Acremonium Link 1809 on surrounding hyphae (Vujanovic & Acremonium-like, anamorphic Emeri- Goh, 2009)] cellopsis J.F.H. Beyma 1940 and Leucosphaerina Arx 1987 Microascales Luttr. ex Benny & Kimbr. Ascochytopsis-like, anamorphic Euca- Chadefaudiellaceae Faurel & Schotter ex sphaeria Crous 2007 Benny & Kimbr. Calcarisporium Preuss 1851 Arthrographis–like, anamorphic Faurelina Cancellidium Tubaki 1975 Locq.-Lin. 1975 Cephalosporiopsis Peyronel 1915 Didymostilbe Henn. 1902, anamorphic Halosphaeriaceae E. Müll. & Arx ex Kohlm. Peethambara Subram. & Bhat 1978 Cirrenalia Meyers & R.T. Moore 1960* Escovopsis J.J. Muchovej & Della Lucia Clavariopsis-like, anamorphic Corollo- 1990 spora Werderm. 1922 Geosmithia Pitt 1979* Clavatospora Sv. Nilsson ex Marvanová & Hapsidospora Malloch & Cain 1970 Sv. Nilsson 1971, anamorphic Corollo- Haptospora G.L. Barron 1991 spora Werderm. 1922 Illosporiopsis D. Hawksw. 2001 Culcitaina Meyers & R.T. Moore 1960 Illosporium Mart. 1817 Halosigmoidea Nakagiri, K.L. Pang & Imicles Shoemaker & Hambl. 2001 E.B.G. Jones 2009, anamorphic Corol- Memnoniella Höhn. 1923 lospora Werderm. 1922* Munkia Speg. 1886 Humicola-like, anamorphic Pseudolignin- Myrothecium Tode 1790 cola Chatmala & E.B.G. Jones 2006, Neomunkia Petr. 1947 Monodictys-like, anamorphic Nereiospora Pseudomicrodochium B. Sutton 1975 E.B.G. Jones, R.G. Johnson & S.T. Sarocladium W. Gams & D. Hawksw. Moss 1983 1976 Periconia-like, anamorphic Halosphaeria Septomyrothecium Matsush. 1971 Linder 1944 Sorosporella Sorokīn 1888 Sigmoidea J.L. Crane 1968 anamorphic Spicellum Nicot & Roquebert 1976 Corollospora Werderm. 1922 Sporothrix Hektoen & C.F. Perkins 1901, Trichocladium Harz 1871, anamorphic anamorphic Leucosphaerina Arx 1987 Halosphaeria Linder 1944 Stachybotrys Corda 1837 Varicosporina Meyers & Kohlm. 1965, Stilbella Lindau 1900 anamorphic Corollospora Werderm. Tilachlidium Preuss 1851 1922* Trichothecium Link 1809 Ustilaginoidea Bref. 1895 Microascaceae Luttr. ex Malloch Atrhrographis-like, anamorphic Pithoas- Melanosporales N. Zhang & M. Blackw. cus Arx 1973 Ceratostomataceae G. Winter Brachyconidiellopsis Decock, R.F. Casta- Gonatobotrys Corda 1839, anamorphic ñeda & Adhikari 2004 Melanospora Corda 1837 Cephalotrichum Link 1809, anamorphic Harzia Costantin 1888, anamorphic Mela- Microascus Zukal 1885 nospora Corda 1837 Echinobotryum Corda 1831 Papulaspora Preuss 1851, anamorphic ?- Graphium Corda 1837, anamorphic Micro- Melanospora Corda 1837 ascus Zukal 1885, Parascedosporium Proteophiala Cif. 1958, anamorphic Mela- Gilgado, Gené, Cano & Guarro 2007, nospora Corda 1837 Petriella Curzi 1930 and Pseudalle- scheria Negr. & I. Fisch. 1944*

24 Mycosphere

Humicola-like, anamorphic Lophotrichus Canalisporium Nawawi & Kuthub. 1989, R.K. Benj. 1949 anamorphic Ascothailandia Sri-indra- Parascedosporium Gilgado, Gené, Cano & sutdhi, Boonyuen, Sivichai & E.B.G. Guarro 2007 Jones 2010* Scedosporium Sacc. ex Castell. & Chalm. Dictyochaeta-like, anamorphic Ascocodi- 1919, anamorphic Pseudallescheria naea Samuels, Candoussau & Magni Negr. & I. Fisch. 1944* and possibly 1997 Petriella Curzi 1930 Glomerulispora Abdel-Wahab, Abdel- Scopulariopsis Bainier 1907, anamorphic Aziz & Nagahama 2010, ?anamorphic Microascus Zukal 1885 and ?Petriella Torpedospora Meyers 1957* Curzi 1930 and Pithoascus Arx 1973 Moheitospora Abdel-Wahab, Abdel-Aziz Trichurus Clem. 1896 & Nagahama 2010, anamorphic Junci- Wardomyces F.T. Brooks & Hansf. 1923, gena Kohlm., Volkm.-Kohlm & O.E. anamorphic Microascus Zukal 1885 Erikss. 1997* Wardomycopsis Udagawa & Furuya 1978, Sporoschismopsis Hol.-Jech. & Hennebert anamorphic Microascus Zukal 1885 1972, anamorphic Porosphaerellopsis Samuels & E. Müll. 1982 Microascales, genera incertae sedis Bisporostilbella Brandsb. & E.F. Morris Subclass Sordariomycetidae O.E. Erikss. & 1971 Winka Chalara-like anamorphic Ceratocystis Calosphaeriales M.E. Barr* Ellis & Halst. 1890 and Cornuvesica Calosphaeriaceae Munk C.D. Viljoen, M.J. Wingf. & K. Jacobs Calosphaeriophora Réblová, L. Mostert, 2000 W. Gams & Crous 2004, anamorphic ?Custingophora Stolk, Hennebert & Calosphaeria Tul. & C. Tul. Klopotek 1968, anamorphic Gondwa- Phaeocrella Réblová, L. Mostert, W. namyces G.J. Marais & M.J. Wingf. Gams & Crous 2004, anamorphic Tog- 1998* niniella Réblová, L. Mostert, W. Gams Gabarnaudia Samson & W. Gams 1974, & Crous 2004 anamorphic Sphaeronaemella P. Karst. Phialophora-like, anamorphic Jattaea Berl. 1884* 1900 Sporendocladia G. Arnaud ex Nag Raj & Stachybotrys-like, anamorphic Jattaea W.B. Kendr. 1975 Berl. 1900 Thielaviopsis Went 1893, anamorphic Ceratocystis Ellis & Halst. 1890 Pleurostomataceae Réblová, L. Mostert, W. Gams & Crous Hypocreomycetidae, families incertae sedis Pleurostomophora Vijaykr., L. Mostert, Glomerellaceae Locq. ex Seifert & W. Gams Jeewon, W. Gams, K.D. Hyde & Crous Colletotrichum Corda 1831, anamorphic 2004, anamorphic Pleurostoma Tul. & Glomerella Spauld. & Schrenk 1903* C. Tul. 1863

Plectosphaerellaceae W. Gams, Summerbell & Chaetosphaeriales Huhndorf, A.N. Mill. & Zare F.A. Fernández Acremonium Link 1809* Chaetosphaeriaceae Réblová, M.E. Barr & Gibellulopsis Bat. & H. Maia 1959 Samuels Musicillium Zare & W. Gams 2007 Cacumisporium Preuss 1851, anamorphic Plectosporium M.E. Palm, W. Gams & Chaetosphaeria Tul. & C. Tul. 1863 Nirenberg 1995, anamorphic Plecto- Catenularia Grove 1886, anamorphic sphaerella Kleb. 1929 Chaetosphaeria Tul. & C. Tul. 1863 Verticillium Nees 1816 Chalara-like, anamorphic Ascochalara Réblová 1999 and Chaetosphaeria Tul. Hypocreomycetidae, genera incertae sedis & C. Tul. 1863

25 Chloridium Link 1809, anamorphic Chae- Sporidesmium-like, anamorphic Umbrino- tosphaeria Tul. & C. Tul. 1863 and sphaeria Réblová 1999 Melanopsammella Höhn. 1920 Sporoschisma Berk. & Broome 1847, Codinaea Maire 1937, anamorphic Chae- anamorphic Melanochaeta E. Müll., tosphaeria Tul. & C. Tul. 1863 Harr & Sulmont 1969 Codinaeopsis Morgan-Jones 1976 Thozetella Kuntze 1891 Cordana Preuss 1851, ?anamorphic Poro- Zanclospora S. Hughes & W.B. Kendr. sphaerella E. Müll. & Samuels 1982 1965, anamorphic Chaetosphaeria Tul. Craspedodidymum Hol.-Jech. 1972, ana- & C. Tul. 1863 morphic Chaetosphaeria Tul. & C. Tul. 1863 Chaetosphaeriales, genera incertae sedis Cryptophiale Piroz. 1968, anamorphic Rattania Prabhugaonkar & Bhat 2009* Chaetosphaeria Tul. & C. Tul. 1863 Cylindrotrichum Bonord. 1851, anamor- Coniochaetales Huhndorf, A.N. Mill. & F.A. phic Chaetosphaeria Tul. & C. Tul. Fernández 1863 Coniochaetaceae Malloch & Cain Dictyochaeta Speg. 1923, anamorphic Lecythophora Nannf. 1934, anamorphic Chaetosphaeria Tul. & C. Tul. 1863 Coniochaeta (Sacc.) Cooke 1887* and Striatosphaeria Samuels & E. Müll. Phialophora-like anamorphic Barrina 1979 A.W. Ramaley 1997 Dictyochaetopsis Aramb. & Cabello 1990 Dischloridium B. Sutton 1977, anamorphic Diaporthales Nannf. Australiasca Sivan. & Alcorn 2002 Cryphonectriaceae Gryzenh. & M.J. Wingf. Exserticlava S. Hughes 1978, anamorphic Aurapex Gryzenh. & M.J. Wingf. 2006 Chaetosphaeria Tul. & C. Tul. 1863 Chrysoporthella Gryzenh. & M.J. Wingf. Fusichalara S. Hughes & Nag Raj 1973, 2004, anamorphic Chrysoporthe Gry- anamorphic Chaetosphaeria Tul. & C. zenh. & M.J. Wingf. 2004* Tul. 1863 Endothiella Sacc. 1906, anamorphic Cry- Gonytrichum Nees & T. Nees 1818, phonectria (Sacc.) Sacc. & D. Sacc. anamorphic Chaetosphaeria Tul. & C. 1905* Tul. 1863 and ?Melanopsammella Höhn. Foliocryphia Cheewangkoon & Crous 1920 2010* Hemicorynespora M.B. Ellis 1972, ana- Prosopidicola Crous & C.L. Lennox 2004 morphic Chaetosphaeria Tul. & C. Tul. Ursicollum Gryzenh. & M.J. Wingf. 2006 1863 Diaporthaceae Höhn. ex Wehm. Kylindria DiCosmo, S.M. Berch & W.B. Mazzantiella Höhn. 1925, anamorphic Kendr. 1983 Mazzantia Mont. 1855 Lecythothecium Réblová & Winka 2001 Phomopsis (Sacc.) Bubák 1905, anamor- Menispora Pers. 1822, anamorphic Chae- phic Diaporthe Nitschke 1870 tosphaeria Tul. & C. Tul. 1863 Nawawia Marvanová 1980* Gnomoniaceae G. Winter Paliphora Sivan. & B. Sutton 1985* Asteroma DC. 1815, anamorphic Gnomo- Phaeostalagmus W. Gams 1976, ana- niella Sacc. 1881 and Plagiostoma morphic Chaetosphaeria Tul. & C. Tul. Fuckel 1870 and Pleuroceras Riess. 1863 The type of the genus is considered to Phialogeniculata Matsush. 1971 be Montagnellina stellaris (Pers.) Phialophora-like, anamorphic Chaeto- Theiss. & Syd. 1915 sphaeria Tul. & C. Tul. 1863 Cylindrosporella Höhn. 1916, type is Pseudobotrytis Krzemien. & Badura 1954, anamorphic Gnomonia Ces. & De Not. anamorphic Porosphaerella E. Müll. & 1863, others Gnomoniella Sacc. 1881 Samuels 1982 and Pleuroceras Riess 1854

26 Mycosphere

Depazea Fr. 1818, ?anamorphic Pleuro- Pseudovalsaceae M.E. Barr ceras Riess 1854 Coryneum Nees 1816, anamorphic Pseu- Diplodina Westend. 1857, anamorphic dovalsa Ces. & De Not. 1863 Plagiostoma Fuckel 1870 Discosporium Sacc. & P. Syd. 1902 ana- Schizoparmeaceae Rossman morphic Cryptodiaporthe Petr. 1921 C. Coniella Höhn. 1918* Tul.] Pilidiella Petr. & Syd. 1927, anamorphic Discula Sacc. 1884, anamorphic Apiogno- Schizoparme Shear 1923* monia Höhn. 1917, Gnomonia Ces. & De Not. 1863 and Amphiporthe Petr. Sydowiellaceae Lar. N. Vassiljeva 1971 Cylindrosporella Höhn. 1916, anamorphic Gloeosporidina Petr. 1921, anamorphic Stegophora Syd. & P. Syd. 1916 Apiognomonia Höhn. 1917 Phoma-like, anamorphic Hapalocystis Mazzantiella Höhn. 1925, anamorphic Auersw. ex Fuckel 1863 Mamianiella Höhn. 1917 Millerburtonia Cif. 1951, anamorphic Pla- Togniniaceae Réblová, L. Mostert, W. Gams giostoma Fuckel 1870 & Crous Phaeocytostroma Petr. 1921, anamorphic Phaeoacremonium W. Gams, Crous & M.J. Clypeoporthe Höhn 1919 Wingf. 1996, anamorphic Togninia Berl. Septogloeum Sacc. 1880, ?anamorphic 1900 Pleuroceras Riess 1854 Uniseta Ciccar. 1948, anamorphic Pla- Valsaceae Tul. & C. Tul. giostoma Fuckel 1870 Amphicytostroma Petr. 1921, anamorphic ?Zythia Fr. 1849 Amphiporthe Petr. 1971 Cytospora Ehrenb. 1818, anamorphic Melanconidaceae G. Winter Leucostoma (Nitschke) Höhn. 1917*, Dumortieria Westend. 1857 (as Cytospo- Valsa Fr. 1849*, Valsella Fuckel 1870 rina Sacc. 1884), anamorphic Mela- and Valseutypella Höhn. 1919 namphora Lafl. 1976 and Melogramma Harpostroma Höhn. 1928, anamorphic Fr. 1849 Leptosillia Höhn. 1928 Harknessia Cooke 1881, anamorphic Wue- Lasmenia Speg. 1886, ?anamorphic stneia Auersw. ex Fuckel 1863 Chadefaudiomyces Kamat, Rao, Patil & Hendersonula Speg. 1880, anamorphic Ullasa 1974 Pseudovalsella Höhn. 1918 and Dictyo- Phomopsis (Sacc.) Bubák 1905, anamor- porthe Petr. 1955 phic Clypeoporthella Petr. 1924 Mastigosporella Höhn. 1914, anamorphic Wuestneiopsis J. Reid & Dowsett 1990 Diaporthales, genera incertae sedis Melanconiopsis Ellis & Everh. 1900, ?Greeneria Scribn. & Viala 1887 anamorphic Massariovalsa Sacc. 1882 Apoharknessia Crous & S.J. Lee 2004 Melanconium Link 1809, anamorphic Apomelasmia Grove 1937 Melanconis Tul. & C. Tul. 1863 Asterosporium Kunze 1819* Stilbospora Pers. 1794, ?anamorphic Pros- Craspedodidymum Hol.-Jech. 1972, ana- thecium Fresen. 1852 morphic Thailandiomyces Pinruan, Sa- Tubakia B. Sutton 1973, anamorphic kay., K.D. Hyde & E.B.G. Jones 2008 Dicarpella Syd. & P. Syd. 1921 Cytospora-like, anamorphic Pachytrype Berl. ex M.E. Barr, J.D. Rogers & Y.M. Pseudoplagiostomaceae Cheewangkoon, M.J. Ju 1993 Wingf. & Crous Dwiroopa Subram. & Muthumary Cryptosporiopsis-like, anamorphic Pseu- Hypodermina Höhn. 1916 doplagiostoma Cheewangkoon, M.J. Macrohilum H.J. Swart 1988 Wingf. & Crous 2010* Natarajania Pratibha & Bhat 2006*

27 Phomopsis-like, anamorphic Caudospora Hyalorhinocladiella-like, anamorphic Kla- Starbäck 1889 sterskya Petr. 1940 Rabenhorstia Fr. 1849, anamorphic Her- Leptographium Lagerb. & Melin 1927, cospora Fr. 1825 anamorphic Grosmannia Gold. 1936 Sirococcus Preuss 1855 and Ophiostoma Syd. & P. Syd. 1919* Stenocarpella Syd. & P. Syd. 1917 Pesotum J.L. Crane & Schokn. 1973, Synchaetomella Decock & Seifert 2005 anamorphic Ophiostoma Syd. & P. Syd. 1919* Magnaporthales Thongk., Vijakr. & K.D. Pesotum-like, anamorphic Grosmannia Hyde Gold. 1936 Magnaporthaceae P.F. Cannon Phialographium H.P. Upadhyay & W.B. Clasterosporium Schwein. 1832, anamor- Kendr. 1974, anamorphic Ophiostoma phic Clasterosphaeria Sivan. 1984 Syd. & P. Syd. 1919 Harpophora W. Gams 2000, anamorphic Raffaelea Arx & Hennebert 1965, anamor- Gaeumannomyces Arx & D.L. Olivier phic Grosmannia Goid. 1936* 1952 Sporothrix Hektoen & C.F. Perkins 1901, Mycoleptodiscus Ostaz. 1968, anamorphic anamorphic Ophiostoma Syd. & P. Syd. Omnidemptus P.F. Cannon & Alcorn 1919* 1994 Pyricularia Sacc. 1880, anamorphic Mag- Sordariales Chad. ex D. Hawksw. & O.E. naporthe R.A. Krause & R.K. Webster Erikss. 1972 Chaetomiaceae G. Winter Botryotrichum Sacc. & Marchal 1885, Ophiostomatales Benny & Kimbr. anamorphic Chaetomium Kunze 1817 Kathistaceae Malloch & M. Blackw. Humicola Traaen 1914 Mattirolella S. Colla 1929 Papulaspora Preuss 1851, anamorphic Termitaria Thaxt. 1920 Chaetomium Kunze 1817 Termitariopsis M. Blackw., Samson & Phialophora-like, anamorph of Chaeto- Kimbr. 1980 midium (Zopf) Sacc. 1882 Taifanglania Z.Q. Liang, Y.F. Han, H.L. Ophiostomataceae Nannf. Chu & R.T.V. Fox 2009 Acremonium-like, anamorphic Frago- Trichocladium Harz 1871 sphaeria Shear 1923 Ambrosiella Brader ex Arx & Hennebert Lasiosphaeriaceae Nannf. 1965, anamorphic Grosmannia Goid. Angulimaya Subram. & Lodha 1964, 1936 and Ophiostoma Syd. & P. Syd. anamorphic Bombardioidea C. Moreau 1919* ex N. Lundqv. 1972 Dryadomyces Gebhardt 2005, anamorphic ?Bagadiella Cheewangkoon & Crous Grosmannia Goid. 1936* 2010* Graphilbum H.P. Upadhyay & W.B. Cladorrhinum Sacc. & Marchal 1885, Kendr. 1975, anamorphic Ophiostoma anamorphic Apiosordaria Arx & W. Syd. & P. Syd. 1919 Gams 1967, Cercophora Fuckel 1870 Graphium Corda 1837, anamorphic Op- and Podospora Ces. 1856* hiostoma Syd. & P. Syd. 1919* Mammaria Ces. ex Rabenh. 1854, Hyalobelemnospora Matsush. 1993, ana- anamorphic Pseudocercophora Subram. morphic Subbaromyces Hesselt. 1953 & Sekar 1986 Hyalorhinocladiella H.P. Upadhyay & Phialophora-like, anamorphic Cercophora W.B. Kendr. 1975, anamorphic Cerato- Fuckel 1870, Eosphaeria Höhn. 1917, cystiopsis H.P. Upadhyay & W.B. Lasiosphaeria Ces. & De Not. 1863 and Kendr. 1975, and Ophiostoma Syd. & P. Podospora Ces. 1856 Syd. 1919*

28 Mycosphere

Sordariaceae G. Winter Vermiculariopsiella Bender 1932, anamor- Chrysonilia Arx 1981, anamorphic Neuro- phic Echinosphaeria A.N. Mill. & spora Shear & B.O. Dodge 1927 Huhndorf 2004* ?Virgariella-like, anamorphic Effetia Bar- toli, Maggi & Persiani 1984 Sordariomycetidae, genera incertae sedis Brachysporiella Bat. 1952, anamorphic Sordariales, genera incertae sedis Ascotaiwania Sivan. & H.S. Chang Madurella Brumpt 1905 1992 Ramophialophora M. Calduch, Stchigel, Conioscypha Höhn. 1904, anamorphic Gené & Guarro 2004* Conioscyphascus Réblová & Seifert ?Trichocladium-like, anamorphic Asco- 2004 lacicola Ranghoo & K.D. Hyde 1998 Endophragmiella-like, anamorphic Phaeo- Ypsilonia Lév. 1846, anamorphic Acantho- trichosphaeria Sivan. 1983 theciella Höhn. 1911 Menisporopsis S. Hughes 1952, anamor- phic Menisporopascus Matsush. 2003 Sordariomycetidae, families incertae sedis Phialophora-like, anamorphic Linocarpon Amplistromataceae Huhndorf, A.N. Mill., M. Syd. & P. Syd. 1917 Greif & Samuels Pleurothecium Höhn. 1919, anamorphic Acrodontium-like, anamorphic Amplistro- Carpoligna F.A. Fernández & Huhn- ma Huhndorf, A.N. Mill., M. Greif & dorf 1999 Samuels 2009* Ramichloridium-like, anamorphic Barba- Pseudogliomastix W. Gams 1985, ana- tosphaeria Reblova 2008 morphic Wallrothiella Sacc. 1882 Rhodoveronaea Arzanlou, W. Gams & Crous 2007* Annulatascaceae S.W. Wong, K.D. Hyde & Spadicoides S. Hughes 1958* E.B.G. Jones Sporothrix-like, anamorphic Barbatosph- Phaeoisaria-like, anamorphic Rhamphoria aeria Reblova 2008 Niessl 1876 Phialophora-like, anamorphic Teraco- Subclass Xylariomycetidae sensu O.E. Erikss. sphaeria Réblová & Seifert 2007 & Winka Xylariales Nannf. Cephalothecaceae Höhn. Amphisphaeriaceae G. Winter Acremonium-like, anamorphic Alberti- Bartalinia Tassi 1900 niella Kirschst. 1936 ?Beltraniella Subram. 1952, ?anamorphic Chalara-like, anamorphic Cryptendoxyla Leiosphaerella Höhn. 1919 Malloch & Cain 1970 Bleptosporium Steyaert 1961, anamorphic Phialemonium W. Gams & McGinnis Amphisphaeria Ces. & De Not. 1863 1983 Ceratosporium Schwein. 1832, anamor- phic Iodosphaeria Samuels, E. Müll. & Helminthosphaeriaceae Samuels, Candoussau O. Petrini 1987 & Magní ?Chaetoconis Clem. 1909, anamorphic Diplococcium Grove 1885, anamorphic Ceriospora Niessl 1876 Helminthosphaeria Fuckel 1870 Discosia Lib. 1837 Endophragmiella B. Sutton 1973, anamor- Doliomyces Steyaert 1961 phic Echinosphaeria A.N. Mill. & ?Hyalotiopsis Punith. 1970, anamorphic Huhndorf 2004 Ellurema Nag Raj & W.B. Kendr. 1986 Selenosporella-like, anamorphic Ruzenia Labridella Brenckle 1929, anamorphic O. Hilber 2002 Griphosphaerioma Höhn. 1918 Spadicoides S. Hughes 1958, anamorphic Labridium Vestergr. 1897, anamorphic Tengiomyces Réblová 1999 Discostroma Clem. 1909

29 Microdochium Syd. 1924, anamorphic Beltraniella Subram. 1952, anamorphic Monographella Petr. 1924 Pseudomassaria Jacz. 1894 Monochaetia (Sacc.) Allesch. 1902 Hormonema-like, anamorphic Discosphae- Monochaetinula Muthumary, Abbas & B. rina Hohn 1917 Sutton 1986 Kabatia Bubák 1904, anamorphic Disco- Monochaetiopsis L. Cai, Jeewon & K.D. sphaerina Höhn. 1917 Hyde 2003, anamorphic Dyrithiopsis L. Kabatiella Bubák 1907, anamorphic Dis- Cai, R. Jeewon & K.D. Hyde 2003 cosphaerina Höhn. 1917 Morinia Berl. & Bres. 1889 Sarcophoma Höhn. 1916, anamorphic Dis- ?Pestalotia De Not. 1841, anamorphic cosphaerina Hohn 1917 Broomella Sacc. 1883 Selenophoma Maire 1907, anamorphic Pestalotiopsis Steyaert 1949, anamorphic Discosphaerina Hohn 1917 Neobroomella Petr. 1947 and Pestalo- sphaeria M.E. Barr 1975 Graphostromataceae M.E. Barr, J.D. Rogers & Phlogicylindrium Crous, Summerb. & Y.M. Ju Summerell 2006 Nodulisporium-like, anamorphic Grapho- Sarcostroma Cooke 1871, anamorphic stroma Piroz. 1974 Griphosphaerioma Höhn. 1918 Seimatosporium Corda 1833, anamorphic Xylariaceae Tul. & C. Tul. anamorphic Discostroma Clem. 1909 Acanthodochium Samuels, J.D. Rogers & Seiridium Nees 1816, anamorphic Blogia- Nagas., anamorphic Astrocystis Berk. & scospora Shoemaker, E. Müll. & Broome and Collodiscula I. Hino & Morgan-Jones 1966 and Lepteutypa Katum. 1955 Petr. 1923 Arthroxylaria Seifert & W. Gams 2002 ?Selenosporella G. Arnaud ex MacGarvie Dematophora R. Hartig 1883, anamorphic 1969, anamorphic Oxydothis Penz. & Rosellinia De Not. 1844* Sacc. 1898 ?Dicyma Boulanger 1897, anamorphic Selenosporella-like, anamorphic Iodo- Ascotricha Berk. 1838 sphaeria Samuels, E. Müll. & O. Petrini Geniculisynnema Okane & Nakagiri 2007, 1987 anamorphic Nemania Gray 1821 Sporocadus Corda 1839 Geniculosporium Chesters & Greenh. Synnemapestaloides T. Handa & Y. 1964, anamorphic Entoleuca Syd. 1922, Harada 2004 Leprieuria Laessøe, J.D. Rogers & ?Truncatella Steyaert 1949 anamorphic Whalley 1989, Nemania Gray 1821, Broomella Sacc. 1883 Phylacia Lév. 1845, Podosordaria Ellis Zetiasplozna Nag Raj 1993 & Holw. 1897, Rosellinia De Not. 1844 Diatrypaceae Nitschke and Xylaria Hill ex Schrank 1789 Dumortieria Westend. 1857 (some as Geniculosporium-like, anamorphic Halo- Cytosporina Sacc. 1884), anamorphic rosellinia Whalley, E.B.G. Jones, K.D. Cryptosphaeria Ces. & De Not. 1863, Hyde & Læssøe 2000, Jumillera J.D. Diatrype Fr. 1849, Eutypa Tul. & C. Rogers, Y.M. Ju & San Martín 1997 Tul. 1863 and Eutypella (Nitschke) and Kretzschmaria Fr. 1849 Sacc. 1875 Hypocreodendron Henn. 1897, anamor- Libertella Desm. 1830, anamorphic phic Discoxylaria J.C. Lindq. & J.E. Diatrype Fr. 1849, Diatrypella (Ces. & Wright 1964 De. Not.) De. Not. 1863, Eutypa Tul. & Libertella Desm. 1830 C. Tul. 1863 and Eutypella (Nitschke) Libertella-like, anamorphic Barrmaelia Sacc. 1875 Rappaz 1995, Creosphaeria Theiss. 1910, Jumillera J.D. Rogers, Y.M. Ju & Hyponectriaceae Petr. San Martín 1997 and Lopadostoma Aureobasidium Viala & G. Boyer 1891, (Nitschke) Traverso 1906 Discosphaerina Höhn. 1917

30 Mycosphere

Lindquistia Subram. & Chandrash. 1977, Humicola-like, anamorphic Ascotrichella anamorphic Poronia Willd. 1787 Valldos. & Guarro 1988 Masoniomyces J.L. Crane & Dumont 1975, Melanographium Sacc. 1913, possibly anamorphic Camillea Fr. 1849 anamorphic Lasiobertia Sivan. 1978 Mirandina-like, anamorphic Kretzschma- Nodulisporium-like, anamorphic Coniola- riella Viégas 1944 riella D. Garcıá, Stchigel & Guarro Moelleroclavus Henn. 1902, anamorphic Rhinocladiella-like, anamorphic Coniola- Xylaria Hill ex Schrank 1789 riella D. Garcıá, Stchigel & Guarro Muscodor Worapong, Strobel & W.M. Selenosporella-like, anamorphic Diatrypa- Hess 2001 similis J. Zhou, & Kohlm. 2010* Nodulisporium Preuss 1849, anamorphic Annulohypoxylon Y.M. Ju, J.D. Rogers Sordariomycetes, orders incertae sedis & H.M. Hsieh 2005, Biscogniauxia Lulworthiales Kohlm., Spatafora & Volkm.- Kuntze 1891, Daldinia Ces. & De Not. Kohlm. 1863, Entonaema Möller 1901, Hypo- Lulworthiaceae Kohlm., Spatafora & Volkm.- xylon Bull. 1791*, Induratia Samuels, E. Kohlm. Müll. & O. Petrini, Pyrenomyxa Mor- Anguillospora Ingold 1942, anamorphic gan 1895 (as Pulveria Malloch & Lindra I.M. Wilson 1956 Rogerson 1977), Thamnomyces Ehrenb. Cumulospora I. Schmidt 1985, anamorphic 1820, Theissenia Maubl. 1914, Thue- Lulwoana Kohlm., Volkm.-Kohlm., J. menella Penz. & Sacc. 1898 and Campb., Spatafora & Gräfenhan 2005 Xylaria Hill ex Schrank and Lulworthia G.K. Sutherl. 1916* Nodulosporium-like, anamorphic Rhopalo- Halazoon Abdel-Aziz, Abdel-Wahab & stroma D. Hawksw. 1977 and Ruwen- Nagahama 2010, and Lulworthia G.K. zoria J. Fornier, M. Stadler, Læssøe & Sutherl. 1916* C. Decock 2010* Hydea K.L. Pang & E.B.G. Jones 2010* Padixonia Subram. 1972, anamorphic Matsusporium E.B.G. Jones & K.L. Pang Xylaria Hill ex Schrank 2010* Rhinocladiella-like, anamorphic Obolari- Moleospora Abdel-Wahab, Abdel-Aziz & na Pouzar 1986 Nagahama 2010* Sporothrix-like, anamorphic Rostrohypo- Moromyces Abdel-Wahab, K.L. Pang, xylon J. Fourn. & M. Stadler 2010* and Nagahama, Abdel-Aziz & E.B.G. Jones Ruwenzoria J. Fornier, M. Stadler, 2010 Læssøe & C. Decock 2010* Zalerion R.T. Moore & Meyers 1962, Triplicaria P. Karst. 1889, anamorphic anamorphic Lulwoana Kohlm., Volkm.- Hypoxylon Bull. 1791 Kohlm., J. Campb., Spatafora & Virgaria Nees 1816, anamorphic Ascovir- Gräfenhan 2005* garia J.D. Rogers & Y.M. Ju 2002 Virgariella-like, anamorphic Hypoxylon Phyllachorales M.E. Barr Bull. 1791* Phyllachoraceae Theiss. & H. Syd. Vivantia J.D. Rogers, Y.M. Ju & Cand. Acerviclypeatus Hanlin 1990, anamorphic 1996 Ophiodothella Boyd 1934 Xylocladium P. Syd. ex Lindau 1900, Baeumleria Petr. & Syd. 1927, anamorphic anamorphic Camillea Fr. 1849 Phyllachora Nitschke ex Fuckel 1870 Xylocoremium J.D. Rogers 1984, anamor- (as Trabutia Sacc. & Roum. 1881) phic Xylaria Hill ex Schrank 1789 Colletogloeum-like, anamorphic Cocco- diella Hara 1909 Xylariales, genera incertae sedis Cyclodomus Höhn. 1909, anamorphic Basifimbria Subram. & Lodha 1968 Maculatifrons K.D. Hyde 1996 Chaetochalara B. Sutton & Piroz. 1965 Diachorella Höhn. 1918, anamorphic Chalara (Corda) Rabenh. 1844* Diachora Müll. 1893 Hadrotrichum Fuckel 1865

31 Hysterodiscula Petr. 1942, anamorphic Didymostilbe-like, anamorphic Ornatispo- Orphnodactylis Malloch & A. Mallik ra K.D. Hyde, Goh, Joanne E. Taylor, J. 1998 Fröhl. 1999 Linochora Höhn. 1910, anamorphic Phyl- Dinemasporium Lév. 1846, anamorphic lachora Nitschke ex Fuckel 1870 Phomatospora Sacc. 1875 Mycohypallage B. Sutton 1963, anamor- Ellisembia Subram. 1992 phic Deshpandiella Kamat & Ullasa Myrmecridium Arzanlou, W. Gams & 1973 Crous 2007 Oswaldina Rangel 1921, anamorphic Nigrospora Zimm. 1902, anamorphic Apiosphaeria Höhn. 1909 Khuskia H.J. Huds. 1963 Polystigmina Sacc. 1884, anamorphic Penicillifer Emden 1968, anamorphic Polystigma DC. 1815 Stellosetifera Matsush.1996 Pseudothiopsella Petr. 1928, anamorphic Phomatosporella Tak. Kobay. & K. Sasaki Pseudothiella Petr. 1928 1982, anamorphic Phomatospora Sacc. Rhodosticta Woron. 1911, anamorphic 1875 Polystigma DC. 1815 and Stigmatula Ramichloridium-like, anamorphic Tectoni- (Sacc.) Syd. & P. Syd. 1901 dula Réblová 2009* Selenosporella G. Arnaud ex MacGarvie Trichosphaeriales M.E. Barr 1983 1969 Trichosphaeriaceae G. Winter 1885 Sporothrix-like, anamorphic Phomato- Brachysporium Sacc. 1886, anamorphic spora Sacc. 1875 and Tectonidula Cryptadelphia Réblová & Seifert 2004 Réblová 2009* Koorchaloma Subram. 1953, anamorphic Kananascus Nag Raj 1984 ASCOMYCOTA, families incertae sedis Stanjehughesia Subram. 1992, anamorphic Families and genera that cannot be Miyoshiella Kawam. 1929 and Umbri- placed in any of the classes and orders accepted nosphaeria Réblová 1999 in the present classification with a high degree Stromatographium Höhn. 1907, anamor- of probability are listed below. phic Fluviostroma Samuels & E. Müll. 1980 Amorphothecaceae Parbery Hormoconis Arx & G.A. de Vries 1973, Sordariomycetes, family incertae sedis anamorphic Amorphotheca Parbery Apiosporaceae K.D. Hyde, J. Fröhlich, Joanne 1969 E. Taylor & M.E. Barr Arthrinium Kunze 1817, anamorphic Apio- Batistiaceae Samuels & K.F. Rodrigues spora Sacc. 1875 Acrostroma Seifert 1987, anamorphic Cordella Speg. 1886, anamorphic Apio- Batistia Cif. 1958 spora Sacc. 1875 Pteroconium Sacc. ex Grove 1914, ana- Pseudeurotiaceae Malloch & Cain morphic Apiospora Sacc. 1875 Teberdinia Sogonov, W. Gams, Summerb. Scyphospora L.A. Kantsch. 1928, anamor- & Schroers 2005, anamorphic Pseudeu- phic Apiospora Sacc. 1875 rotium J.F.H. Beyma 1937

Thyridiaceae O.E. Erikss. & J.Z. Yue Seuratiaceae Vuill. ex M.E. Barr Pleurocytospora Petr. 1923, anamorphic Atichia Flot. 1850, anamorphic Seuratia Thyridium Nitschke 1867 Pat. 1904

Sordariomycetes, genera incertae sedis ASCOMYCOTA, genera incertae sedis Cryptomycella Höhn. 1925, anamorphic Abgliophragma R.Y. Roy & Gujarati 1966 Cryptomycina Höhn. 1977 Abropelta B. Sutton 1986 ?Custingophora Stolk, Hennebert & Klo- Acanthoderma Syd. & P. Syd. 1917 potek 1968* Acarellina Bat. & H. Maia 1960

32 Mycosphere

Acaroconium Kocourk. & D. Hawksw. Aleurodomyces Buchner 1912 2008 Algonquinia R.F. Castañeda & W.B. Acarocybellina Subram. 1992 Kendr. 1991 Acarocybiopsis J. Mena, A. Hern. Gut. & Allonema Syd. 1934 Mercado 1999 Alloneottiosporina Nag Raj 1993 Acaropeltis Petr. 1937 Allothyriella Bat., Cif. & Nascim. 1959 Achoropeltis Syd. 1929 Allothyrina Bat. & J.L. Bezerra 1964 Aciculariella G. Arnaud 1954 Allothyriopsis Bat., Cif. & H. Maia 1959 Acinula Fr. 1822 Alpakesa Subram. & K. Ramakr. 1954 Acontium Morgan 1902 Alpakesiopsis Abbas, B. Sutton, Ghaffar & Acremoniula G. Arnaud 1954 A. Abbas 2003 Acrocybe Syd. 1937 Alveophoma Alcalde 1952 Acroconidiellina M.B. Ellis 1971 Alysidiella Crous 2006 Acrocylindrium Bonord 1851 Alysidiopsis B. Sutton 1973 Acrodictyella W.A. Baker & Partr. 2001 Amallospora Penz. 1897 Acrodictyopsis P.M. Kirk 1983 Amblyosporium Fresen. 1863 Acrodictys M.B. Ellis 1961 Amerodiscosiella M.L. Farr 1961 Acrodontiella U. Braun & Scheuer 1995 Amerodiscosiellina Bat. & Cavalc. 1966 Acrodontium de Hoog 1972 Amerosporiopsis Petr. 1941 Acrophialophora Edward 1961 Amerosympodula Matsush. 1996 Acrophragmis Kiffer & Reisinger 1970 Amoenodochium Peláez & R.F. Castañeda Acrospeira Berk. & Broome 1857 1996 Acrospira Mont. 1857 Amoenomyces R.F. Castañeda, Saikawa & Acrosporium Bonord. 1851 Hennebert 1996 Acrostaurus Deighton & Piroz. 1972 Amphichaetella Höhn. 1916 Acrotheciella Koord. 1907 Amphophialis R.F. Castañeda, W.B. Kendr. Acrothecium (Corda) Preuss 1851 & Guarro 1998 Actinochaete Ferro 1907 Amphoropycnium Bat. 1963 Actinocladium Ehrenb. 1819 Ampullicephala R.F. Castañeda, Minter & Actinodochium Syd. 1927 M. Stadler 2009* Actinonema Pers. 1822 Ampullifera Deighton 1960 Actinotexis Arx 1960 Ampulliferina B. Sutton 1969 Actinothecium Ces. 1854 Ampulliferinites Kalgutkar & Sigler 1995, Actinothyrium Kunze 1823 fossil fungi Acumispora Matsush. 1980 Anaphysmene Bubák 1906 Aegeritella Bałazy & J. Wiśn. 1974 Anarhyma M.H. Pei & Z.W. Yuan 1986 Aenigmatospora R.F. Castañeda, Saikawa, Anaselenosporella Heredia, R.F. Casta- Guarro & Calduch 1999 ñeda & R.M. Arias 2010* Agaricodochium X.J. Liu 1981 Ancoraspora Mig. Rodr. 1982 Agarwalia D.P. Tiwari & P.D. Agrawal Ancorasporella J. Mena, Mercado & 1974 Heredia 1998 Agarwalomyces R.K. Verma & Kamal Angiopomopsis Höhn. 1912 1987 Angulospora Sv. Nilsson 1962 Agrabeeja Subram. 1995 Annellodentimyces Matsush. 1985 Agyriella Sacc. 1884 Annellodochium Deighton 1969 Agyriellopsis Höhn. 1903 Annellolacinia B. Sutton 1964 Ahmadia Syd. 1939 Annellophora S. Hughes 1952 Ajrekarella Kamat & Kalani 1964 Annellophorella Subram. 1962 Alatosessilispora K. Ando & Tubaki 1984 Annellophragmia Subram. 1963 Albophoma Tak. Kobay., Masuma, Omura Annellosympodia McTaggart, R.G. Shivas & Kyoto Watan. 1994 & U. Braun 2007 Alciphila Harmaja 2002 Antennopsis R. Heim 1952

33 Anthina Fr. 1832 Atractilina Dearn. & Barthol. 1924 Anthopsis Fil. March., A. Fontana & Luppi Atractium Link 1809 Mosca 1977 Atrosetaphiale Matsush. 1995 Anthracoderma Speg. 1888 Aurantiosacculus Dyko & B. Sutton 1979 Antromyces Fresen. 1850 Aurosphaeria Sun J. Lee, Strobel, Eisen- Anulohypha Cif. 1962 man, Geary, Vargas & S.A. Strobel Aoria Cif. 1962 2009 Aphanofalx B. Sutton 1986 Avesicladiella W.P. Wu, B. Sutton & Apiocarpella Syd. & P. Syd. 1919 Gange 1997 Apogloeum Petr. 1954 Avettaea Petr. & Syd. 1927 Aporellula B. Sutton 1986 Bachmanniomyces D. Hawksw. 1981 Aposporella Thaxt. 1920 Bacillopeltis Bat. 1957 Arachnophora Hennebert 1963 Bactridium Kunze 1817 Arachnospora R.F. Castañeda, Minter & Bactrodesmiella M.B. Ellis 1959 Camino 2003 Badarisama Kunwar, J.B. Manandhar & Arborillus Munt.-Cvetk. & Gómez-Bolea J.B. Sinclair 1986 1998 Bahuchashaka Subram. 1978 Arborispora K. Ando 1986 Bahukalasa Subram. & Chandrash. 1979 Arbusculina Marvanová & Descals 1987 Bahusandhika Subram. 1956 Arcuadendron Sigler & J.W. Carmich. Balaniopsis P.M. Kirk 1985 1976 Balanium Wallr. 1833 Argopericonia B. Sutton & Pascoe 1987 Barbarosporina Ķirulis 1942 Aristastoma Tehon 1933 Barnettella D. Rao & P.Rag. Rao 1964 Arnaudina Trotter 1931 Basauxia Subram. 1995 Arthrobotryum Ces. 1854 Basididyma Cif. 1962 Arthrocladium Papendorf 1969 Basramyces Abdullah, Abdulk. & Goos Arthrocristula Sigler, M.T. Dunn & J.W. 1989 Carmich. 1982 Batistina Peres 1961 Arthrosporium Sacc. 1880 Beauveriphora Matsush 1975 Arthrowallemia R.F. Castañeda, Dania Beccopycnidium F. Stevens 1930 García & Guarro 1998 Beejadwaya Subram. 1978 Articularia Höhn. 1909 Belemnospora P.M. Kirk 1981 Articulophora C.J.K. Wang & B. Sutton Bellulicauda B. Sutton 1967 1982 Beltrania Penz. 1882 Artocarpomyces Subram. 1996 Beltraniopsis Bat. & J.L. Bezerra 1960 Arxiella Papendorf 1967 Beniowskia Racib. 1900 Asbolisiomyces Bat. & H. Maia 1961 Benjaminia S. Ahmad 1967 Ascochytopsis Henn. 1905 Benjpalia Subram. & Bhat 1989 Ascochytulina Petr. 1922 Bharatheeya D'Souza & Bhat 2002 Ascospora Mont. 1849 Bhargavaella Sarj. Singh & K.S. Srivast. Ashtaangam Subram. 1995 1980 Aspilaima Bat. & H. Maia 1961 Bhatia W.A. Baker & Morgan-Jones Astelechia Cif. 1962 2009* Asterinothyriella Bat. & Cif. 1959 Bibanasiella R.F. Castañeda & W.B. Asterinothyrium Bat., Cif. & H. Maia 1959 Kendr. 1991 Asteroconium Syd. & P. Syd. 1903 Biflagellospora Matsush. 1975 Asterostomopora Bat. & H. Maia 1960 Biflagellosporella Matsush. 1993 Asterostomopsis Bat., Cif. & H. Maia 1959 Bilboque Viégas 1960 Asterostomulina Bat., J.L. Bezerra & H. Bilgramia Panwar, Purohit & Chouhan Maia 1964 1974 Astrodochium Ellis & Everh. 1897 Bimeris Petr. 1949 Astronatelia Bat. & H. Maia 1962 Bioconiosporium Bat. & J.L. Bezerra 1964

34 Mycosphere

Biophomopsis Petr. 1931 Camarosporellum Tassi 1902 Bispora Corda 1837 Camarosporiopsis Abbas, B. Sutton & Bisseomyces R.F. Castañeda 1985 Ghaffar 2000 Bizzozeriella Speg. 1888 Camarosporulum Tassi 1902 Blarneya D. Hawksw., Coppins & P. Camposporidium Nawawi & Kuthub. 1988 James 1980 Camposporium Harkn. 1884 Blastacervulus H.J. Swart 1988 Camptomeris Syd. 1927 Blastocatena Subram. & Bhat 1989 Campylospora Ranzoni 1953 Blastoconium Cif. 1931 Candelabrum Beverw. 1951 Blastodictys M.B. Ellis 1976 Candelosynnema K.D. Hyde & Seifert Blastofusarioides Matsush. 1996 1992 Blastophorella Boedijn 1937 Capillaria Pers. 1822 Blastophorum Matsush. 1971 Capitorostrum Bat. 1957 Blastophragma Subram. 1995 Capsicumyces Gamundí, Aramb. & Blennoriopsis Petr. 1919 Giaiotti 1979 Blodgettia Harv. 1858 Carmichaelia N.D. Sharma 1980 Bomplandiella Speg. 1886 Carrismyces R.F. Castañeda & Heredia Bostrichonema Ces. 1867 2000 Botryodeorsum T.P. Devi, N. Mathur, Castanedaea W.A. Baker & Partr. 2001 Chowdhry, Jasvir Singh & O. Prakash Catenella Bat. & Peres 1963 2006 Botryoderma Papendorf & H.P. Catenocuneiphora Matsush. 2003 Upadhyay 1969 Catenophora Luttr. 1940 Botryodiplodina Dias & Sousa da Câmara Catenophoropsis Nag Raj & W.B. Kendr. 1954 1988 Botryomonilia Goos & Piroz. 1975 Catenospegazzinia Subram. 1991 Botryomyces Greco 1916 Catenosubulispora Matsush. 1971 Botryosporium Corda 1831 Catenosynnema Kodsueb, K.D. Hyde & Brachydesmiella G. Arnaud ex S. Hughes W.H. Ho 2007 1961 Catenulaster Bat. & C.A.A. Costa 1959 Brachyhelicoon G. Arnaud 1952 Catinopeltis Bat. & C.A.A. Costa 1957 Brachysporiellina Subram. & Bhat 1989 Catinula Lév. 1848 Brachysporiopsis Yanna, W.H. Ho & K.D. Ceeveesubramaniomyces Pratibha, K.D. Hyde 2004 Hyde & Bhat 2005 Brefeldiopycnis Petr. & Cif. 1932 Cephalodochium Bonord. 1851 Brevicatenospora R.F. Castañeda, Minter Ceracea Cragin 1885 & Saikawa 2006 Ceratocladium Corda 1839 Briosia Cavara 1888 Ceratophorum Sacc. 1880 Broomeola Kuntze 1891 Ceratopycnis Höhn. 1915 Brycekendrickia Nag Raj 1973 Ceratosporella Höhn. 1923 Bulbilopycnis Matsush. 1996 Cercosperma G. Arnaud ex B. Sutton & Bulbocatenospora R.F. Castañeda & Iturr. Hodges 1983 2000 Ceuthosira Petr. 1924 Bullaserpens Bat., J.L. Bezerra & Cavalc. Ceuthosporella Petr. & Syd. 1923 1965 Chaetantromycopsis H.P. Upadhyay, Cacumisporium Preuss 1851 Cavalc. & A.A. Silva 1986 Calcarispora Marvanová & Marvan 1963 Chaetendophragmia Matsush. 1971 Calcarispora Marvanová & Marvan 1963 Chaetendophragmiopsis B. Sutton & Calcarisporiella de Hoog 1974 Hodges 1978 Callistospora Petr. 1955 Chaetoblastophorum Morgan-Jones 1977 Calocline Syd. 1939 Chaetoconidium Zukal 1887 Camarographium Bubák 1916 Chaetocytostroma Petr. 1920 Camaropycnis E.K. Cash 1945 Chaetodiplis Clem. 1931

35 Chaetodiplodia P. Karst. 1884 Circinoconis Boedijn 1942 Chaetodiplodina Speg. 1910 Circinotrichum Nees 1816 Chaetopeltaster Katum. 1975 Cirrosporium S. Hughes 1980 Chaetophiophoma Speg. 1910 Cissococcomyces Brain 1923 Chaetophoma Cooke 1878 Civisubramaniania Vittal & Dorai 1986 Chaetopsis Grev. 1825 Cladochasiella Marvanová 1997 Chaetopyrena Pass. 1881 Cladoconidium Bandoni & Tubaki 1985 Chaetoseptoria Tehon 1937 Cladographium Peyronel 1918 Chaetostromella P. Karst. 1895 Cladoniicola Diederich, van den Boom & Chalarodendron C.J.K. Wang & B. Sutton Aptroot 2001 1984 Cladosporiella Deighton 1965 Chalarodes McKenzie 1991 Clasteropycnis Bat. & Cavalc. 1963 Chantransiopsis Thaxt. 1914 Clathroconium Samson & H.C. Evans Characonidia Bat. & Cavalc. 1965 1982 Chardonia Cif. 1930 Clauzadeomyces Diederich 1994 Charomyces Seifert 1987 Clavariana Nawawi 1976 Chasakopama Manohar., Bagyan., N.K. Cleistocystis Sousa da Câmara 1931 Rao & Kunwar 2009* Cleistophoma Petr. & Syd. 1927 Cheilaria Lib. 1830 Clithramia Nag Raj 1988 Cheiroidea W.A. Baker & Morgan-Jones Clohesyomyces K.D. Hyde 1993 2009* Clypeochorella Petr. 1923 Cheiromyceopsis Mercado & J. Mena Clypeopatella Petr. 1942 1988 Clypeophialophora Bat. & Peres 1962 Cheiromyces Berk. & M.A. Curtis 1857 Clypeopycnis Petr. 1925 Cheiromycina B. Sutton 1986 Clypeoseptoria F. Stevens & P.A. Young Cheiropolyschema Matsush. 1980 1925 Cheirospora Moug. & Fr. 1825 Clypeostagonospora Punith. 1981 Chiastospora Riess 1852 Coccogloeum Petr. 1955 Chikaneea B. Sutton 1973 Codonmyces Calat. & Etayo 1999 Chionomyces Deighton & Piroz. 1972 Coelographium (Sacc.) Gäum. 1920 Chithramia Nag Raj 1988 Coelosporium Link 1824 Chlamydomyces Bainier 1907 Colemaniella Agnihothr. 1974 Chlamydopsis Hol.-Jech. & R.F. Castañe- Coleodictyospora Charles 1929 da 1986 Coleophoma Höhn. 1907 Chlamydorubra K.B. Deshp. & K.S. Coleoseptoria Petr. 1940 Deshp. 1966 Colispora Marvanová 1988 Choanatiara DiCosmo 1984 Collecephalus J.A. Spencer 1972 Choreospora Constant. & R. Sant. 1987 Collembolispora Marvanová & Pascoal Chromosporium Corda 1829 2003 Chrysachne Cif. 1938 Colletoconis de Hoog & Aa 1978 Chrysalidopsis Steyaert 1961 Colletosporium Link 1824 Chuppia Deighton 1965 Collodochium Höhn. 1902 Cicadocola Brain 1923 Collostroma Petr. 1947 Ciferria Gonz. Frag. 1925 Columnodomus Petr. 1941 Ciferriella Petr. 1930 Columnophora Bubák & Vleugel 1916 Ciferrina Petr. 1932 Columnothyrium Bubák 1916 Ciferriopeltis Bat. & H. Maia 1965 Comatospora Piroz. & Shoemaker 1971 Ciliochora Höhn. 1919 Comocephalum Syd. 1939 Ciliochorella Syd. 1935 Condylospora Nawawi 1976 Ciliophora Petr. 1929 Coniambigua Etayo & Diederich 1995 Ciliophorella Petr. 1940 Conicomyces R.C. Sinclair, Eicker & Ciliosporella Petr. 1927 Morgan-Jones 1983

36 Mycosphere

Conidiocarpus Woron. 1927 Curvidigitus Sawada 1943 Conioscyphopsis Goh & K.D. Hyde 1998 Curvulariopsis M.B. Ellis 1961 Coniothyrina Syd. 1912 Cyanopatella Petr. 1949 Coniozyma Crous 2008 Cyclomarsonina Petr. 1965 Conjunctospora Udagawa & Uchiy. 1999 Cylindrocarpostylus R. Kirschner & Conostoma Bat. & J.L. Bezerra 1965 Oberw. 1999 Consetiella Hol.-Jech. & Mercado 1982 Cylindrogloeum Petr. 1941 Cooksonomyces H.J. Swart & D.A. Cylindromyces Manohar., D.K. Agarwal & Griffiths 1974 N.K. Rao 2004 Corallinopsis Lagarde 1917 Cylindrothyrium Maire 1907 Corallomyces Fr. 1849 Cylindroxyphium Bat. & Cif. 1963 Cordana Preuss 1851 Cymbothyrium Petr. 1947 Coremiella Bubák & K. Krieg. 1912 Cyrenella Goch. 1981 Corethropsis Corda 1839 Cystidiella Malan 1943 Cornucopiella Höhn. 1915 Cystotrichiopsis B.A. Abbas, B. Sutton & Cornutispora Piroz. 1973 Ghaffar 2001 Cornutostilbe Seifert 1990 Cytodiscula Petr. 1931 Corynecercospora V.K. Pal, Akhtar, N. Cytogloeum Petr. 1925 Ahmad, Kamal & D.K. Agarwal 2006 Cytonaema Höhn. 1914 Corynesporella Munjal & H.S. Gill 1961 Cytoplacosphaeria Petr. 1920 Corynesporina Subram. 2009* Cytopleastrum Abbas, B. Sutton, Ghaffar Corynesporopsis P.M. Kirk 1981 & A. Abbas 2004 Costanetoa Bat. & J.L. Bezerra 1963 Cytosphaera Died. 1916 Craneomyces Morgan-Jones, R.C. Sinclair Cytosporella Sacc. 1884 & Eicker 1987 Cytostagonospora Bubák 1916 Cremasteria Meyers & R.T. Moore 1960 Dacrymycella Bizz. 1885 Creodiplodina Petr. 1957 Dactylifera Alcorn 1987 Creonecte Petr. 1949 Dactylosporium Harz 1871 Creoseptoria Petr. 1937 Dasysticta Speg. 1912 Creothyriella Bat. & C.A.A. Costa 1957 Davisiella Petr. 1924 Cribropeltis Tehon 1933 Dearnessia Bubák 1916 Crinitospora B. Sutton & Alcorn 1985 Deccanodia Singhai 1974 Cristula Chenant. 1920 Deichmannia Alstrup & D. Hawksw. 1990 Crucellisporiopsis Nag Raj 1983 Delortia Pat. & Gaillard 1888 Crustodiplodina Punith. 1988 Dendroclathra Voglmayr & G. Delgado Cryptoceuthospora Petr. 1921 2001 Cryptocoryneopsis B. Sutton 1980 Dendrodomus Bubák 1915 Cryptocoryneum Fuckel 1870 Dendrographiella Agnihothr. 1972 Cryptophiale Piroz. 1968 Dendrographium Massee 1892 Cryptophialoidea Kuthub. & Nawawi Dendroseptoria Alcalde 1948 1987 Dendrospora Ingold 1943 Cryptosporium Kunze 1817 Dendrosporium Plakidas & Edgerton ex Cryptostroma P.H. Greg. & S. Waller J.L. Crane 1972 1952 Dendryphiosphaera Lunghini & Rambelli Cryptumbellata Udagawa & Uchiy. 1999 1978 Ctenosporium R. Kirschner 2006 Dennisographium Rifai 1977 Cubasina R.F. Castañeda 1986 Denticularia Deighton 1972 Culicidospora R.H. Petersen 1960 Dentocircinomyces R.F. Castañeda & W.B. Culicinomyces Couch, Romney & B. Rao Kendr. 1990 1974 Derexia Naras. 1970 Curculiospora G. Arnaud 1954 Descalsia A. Roldán & Honrubia 1989 Curucispora Matsush. 1981 Desertella Mouch. 1979

37 Desmidiospora Thaxt. 1891 Discosiellina Subram. & K.R.C. Reddy Dexhowardia J.J. Taylor 1970 1972 Diademospora B.E. Söderstr. & Bååth Discosporina Höhn. 1927 1979 Discotheciella Syd. & P. Syd 1917 Dialaceniopsis Bat. 1959 Discozythia Petr. 1922 Diaphanium Fr. 1836 Dissoacremoniella Kiril. 1970 Diarimella B. Sutton 1980 Ditangifibula G.C. Adams 1996 Dicellispora Sawada 1944 Divinia Cif. 1955 Dichelostroma Bat. & Peres 1963 Domingoella Petr. & Cif. 1932 Dicholobodigitus G.P. White & Illman Dothideodiplodia Murashk. 1927 1988 Dothioropsis Riedl 1974 Dichotomophthora Mehrl. & Fitzp. ex P.N. Drechsleromyces Subram. 1978 Rao 1966 Drepanospora Berk. & M.A. Curtis 1875 Dichotomophthoropsis M.B. Ellis 1971 Drudeola Kuntze 1891 Dictyoarthrinium S. Hughes 1952 Drumopama Subram. 1957 Dictyoarthrinopsis Bat. & Cif. 1958 Dryosphaera Jørg. Koch & E.B.G. Jones Dictyocatenulata Finley & E.F. Morris 1989 1967 Dualomyces Matsush. 1987 Dictyodesmium S. Hughes 1951 Dwayabeeja Subram. 1958 Dictyophrynella Bat. & Cavalc. 1964 Dwayaloma Subram. 1957 Dictyopolyschema M.B. Ellis 1976 Dwayalomella Brisson, Piroz. & Pauzé Dictyorostrella U. Braun 1999 1975 Dictyospiropes M.B. Ellis 1976 Dwibahubeeja N. Srivast., A.K. Srivast. & Didymobotryum Sacc. 1886 Kamal 1995 Didymochaeta Sacc. & Ellis 1898 Dwibeeja Subram. 1995 Didymochaetina Bat. & J.L. Bezerra 1965 Dwiroopella Subram. & Muthumary 1986 Didymopsis Sacc. & Marchal 1885 Echinocatena R. Campb. & B. Sutton Didymosporina Höhn. 1916 1977 Didymothozetia Rangel 1915 Echinochondrium Samson & Aa 1975 Didymotrichella G. Arnaud 1954 Echinoconidiophorum Pereira-Carv. & Diedickea Syd. & P. Syd. 1913 Dianese 2009* Digitodochium Tubaki & Kubono 1989 Elachopeltella Bat. & Cavalc. 1964 Digitomyces Mercado, M. Calduch & Elattopycnis Bat. & Cavalc. 1964 Gené 2003 Elegantimyces Goh, K.M. Tsui & K.D. Digitopodium U. Braun, Heuchert & K. Hyde 1998 Schub. 2005 Eleutheromycella Höhn. 1908 Digitoramispora R.F. Castañeda & W.B. Ellisiella Bat. 1956 Kendr. 1990 Elotespora R.F. Castañeda & Heredia Digitosarcinella S. Hughes 1984 2010* Dimastigosporium Faurel & Schotter 1965 Enantioptera Descals 1983 Diplocladiella G. Arnaud ex M.B. Ellis Endobotrya Berk. & M.A. Curtis 1874 1976 Endobotryella Höhn. 1909 Diplodinis Clem. 1931 Endocalyx Berk. & Broome 1876 Diplodinula Tassi 1902 Endoconospora Gjaerum 1971 Diplolaeviopsis Giralt & D. Hawksw. Endocoryneum Petr. 1922 1991 Endogenospora R.F. Castañeda, O. Diploöspora Grove 1916 Morillo & Minter 2010* Diploplenodomus Died. 1912 Endophragmiopsis M.B. Ellis 1966 Diplozythiella Died. 1916 Endoplacodium Petr. 1949 Discocolla Prill. & Delacr. 1894 Endoramularia Petr. 1923 Discogloeum Petr. 1923 Endosporoideus W.H. Ho, Yanna, K.D. Discomycetoidea Matsush. 1993 Hyde & Goh 2005

38 Mycosphere

Endostilbum Malençon 1964 Flosculomyces B. Sutton 1978 Endozythia Petr. 1959 Frigidispora K.D. Hyde & Goh 1999 Enerthidium Syd. 1939 Fujimyces Minter & Caine 1980 Engelhardtiella A. Funk 1973 Fuligomyces Morgan-Jones & Kamal 1984 Enridescalsia R.F. Castañeda & Guarro Funicularius K.K. Baker & Zaim 1979 1998 Furcaspora Bonar 1965 Enthallopycnidium F. Stevens 1925 Fusamen (Sacc.) P. Karst. 1890 Entoderma Hanula, Andreadis & M. Fusariella Sacc. 1884 Blackw. 1991 Fusariopsis Horta 1919 Epaphroconidia Calat. & V. Atienza 1995 Fuscophialis B. Sutton 1977 Ephelidium C.W. Dodge & E.D. Rudolph Fusella Sacc. 1886 1955 Fusicatena K. Matsush. & Matsush. 1996 Epicladonia D. Hawksw. 1981 Fusichalara S. Hughes & Nag Raj 1973 Epiclinium Fr. 1849 Fusicolla Bonord. 1851 Epicoccospora Budathoki & S.K. Singh Fusisporella Speg. 1910 1995 Fusticeps J. Webster & R.A. Davey 1980 Epidermidophyton E. Lang 1879 Gamosporella Speg. 1888 Epidochiopsis P. Karst. 1892 Gampsonema Nag Raj 1975 Episporogoniella U. Braun 1994 Gangliophora Subram. 1992 Epistigme Syd. 1924 Gangliostilbe Subram. & Vittal 1976 Erysiphopsis Speg. 1910 Garnaudia Borowska 1977 Erythrogloeum Petr. 1953 Gaubaea Petr. 1942 Esdipatilia Phadke 1981 Geastrumia Bat. 1960 Esteya J.Y. Liou, J.Y. Shih & Tzean 1999 Gelatinocrinis Matsush. 1995 Eurotiopsis P. Karst. 1889 Gelatinopycnis Dyko & B. Sutton 1979 Evanidomus Caball. 1941 Geminoarcus K. Ando 1993 Everhartia Sacc. & Ellis 1882 Gemmulina Descals & Marvanová 1999 Everniicola D. Hawksw. 1982 Geniopila Marvanová & Descals 1985 Eversia J.L. Crane & Schokn. 1977 Geosmithia Pitt 1979* Evlachovaea Borisov & Tarasov 1999 Gerulajacta Preuss 1855 Excipularia Sacc. 1884 Gilmaniella G.L. Barron 1964 Excipulariopsis P.M. Kirk & Spooner Giulia Tassi 1904 1982 Glaphyriopsis B. Sutton & Pascoe 1987 Exochalara W. Gams & Hol.-Jech. 1976 Glenosporopsis O.M. Fonseca 1943 Exophoma Weedon 1926 Glioannellodochium Matsush. 1989 Exosporella Höhn. 1912 Glioblastocladium Matsush. 1989 Exosporiella P. Karst. 1892 Gliophragma Subram. & Lodha 1964 Exosporium Link 1809 Globoconidiopsis G.F. Sepúlveda, Pereira- Exserticlava S. Hughes 1978 Carv. & Dianese 2009* Favostroma B. Sutton & E.M. Davison Globoconidium G.F. Sepúlveda, Pereira- 1983 Carv. & Dianese 2009* Fecundostilbum Prameela & Chowdhry Globuliroseum Sullia & K.R. Khan 1984 2009* Gloeodes Colby 1920 Feltgeniomyces Dieder. 1990 Gloeosporiella Cavara 1892 Fenestroconidia Calat. & Etayo 1999 Gloiosphaera Höhn. 1902 Filosporella Nawawi 1976 Glutinium Fr. 1849 Fissuricella Pore, D'Amatao & Ajello Glycyphila Mont. 1851 1977 Goidanichiella G.L. Barron ex W. Gams Flabellocladia Nawawi 1985 2009* Flabellospora Alas. 1968 Gonatobotryum Sacc. 1880 Flagellospora Ingold 1942 Gonatophragmiella Rak. Kumar, A.N. Rai Flahaultiella Seifert 2009* & Kamal 1994

39 Gonatorrhodum Corda 1839 Heliscella Marvanová 1980 Goniopila Marvanová & Descals 1985 Heliscina Marvanová 1980 Gonyella Syd. & P. Syd. 1919 Helminthophora Bonord. 1851 Goosiella Morgan-Jones, Kamal & R.K. Helminthosporiomyces G.F. Sepúlveda, Verma 1986 Pereira-Carv. & Dianese 2009* Goosiomyces N.K. Rao & Manohar. 1989 Hemibeltrania Piroz. 1963 Gorgomyces M. Gönczöl & Révay 1985 Hemicorynesporella Subram. 1992 Grallomyces F. Stevens 1918 Hemidothis Syd. & P. Syd. 1916 Granularia Sacc. & Ellis ex Sacc. 1882 Hemisphaeropsis Petr. 1947 Graphiothecium Fuckel 1870 Hemisynnema Subram. 1995 Groveolopsis Boedijn 1951 Hendersoniella Tassi 1900 Gymnoxyphium Cif., Bat. & I.J. Araujo Hendersonina E.J. Butler 1913 1963 Hendersoniopsis Höhn. 1918 Gyoerffyella Kol 1928 Hendersonulina Petr. 1951 Gyrothrix (Corda) Corda 1842 Henicospora P.M. Kirk & B. Sutton 1980 Hadronema Syd. & P. Syd. 1909 Hennebertia M. Morelet 1969 Hadrosporium Syd. 1938 Hermatomyces Speg. 1910 Halysiomyces E.G. Simmons 1981 Herposira Syd. 1938 Halysium Corda 1837 Herreromyces R.F. Castañeda & W.B. Hansfordia S. Hughes 1951 Kendr. 1991 Hansfordiopeltis Bat. & C.A.A. Costa Heterocephalum Thaxt. 1903 1956 Heteroconidium Sawada 1944 Hansfordiopeltopsis M.L. Farr 1986 Heterosporiopsis Petr. 1950 Hapalosphaeria Syd. 1908 Hexacladium D.L. Olivier 1983 Haplariella Syd. & P. Syd. 1908 Heydenia Fresen. 1852 Haplariopsis Oudem. 1903 Himantia Pers. 1801 Haplobasidion Erikss. 1889 Hinoa Hara & I. Hino 1961 Haplolepis Syd. 1925 Hirudinaria Ces. 1856 Haplosporidium Speg. 1912 Hobsoniopsis D. Hawksw. 2001 Haptocara Drechsler 1975 Hoehneliella Bres. & Sacc. 1902 Harmoniella V.N. Boriss. 1981 Holubovaea Mercado 1983 Harpagomyces Wilcz. 1911 Holubovaniella R.F. Castañeda 1985 Harpographium Sacc. 1880 Homalopeltis Bat. & Valle 1961 Hawksworthia Manohar., N.K. Rao, D.K. Hormiactella Sacc. 1886 Agarwal & Kunwar 2004 Hormiactis Preuss 1851 Hawksworthiana U. Braun 1988 Hormiscioideus M. Blackw. & Kimbr. Heimiodora Nicot 1960 1979 Helhonia B. Sutton 1980 Hormisciopsis Sumst. 1914 Helicoceras Linder 1931 Hormocephalum Syd. 1939 Helicofilia Matsush. 1983 Hormocladium Höhn. 1923 Helicogoosia Hol.-Jech. 1991 Hormococcus Robak 1956 Helicominopsis Deighton 1960 Hormographis Guarro, Punsola & Arx Helicorhoidion S. Hughes 1958 1986 Helicosingula P.S. van Wyk, Marasas, Hughesinia J.C. Lindq. & Gamundí 1970 Baard & Knox-Dav. 1985 Humicolopsis Cabral & S. Marchand 1976 Helicosporina G. Arnaud ex Rambelli Humicolopsis Verona 1977 1960 Hyalocamposporium Révay & J. Gönczöl Helicostilbe Höhn. 1902 2007 Helicothyrium I. Hino & Katum. 1961 Hyalocladium Mustafa 1977 Helicoubisia Lunghini & Rambelli 1979 Hyalodictyum Woron. 1916 Heliocephala V.G. Rao, K.A. Reddy & de Hyalohelicomina T. Yokoy. 1974 Hoog 1984

40 Mycosphere

Hyalopleiochaeta R.F. Castañeda, Guarro Junctospora Minter & Hol.-Jech. 1981 & Cano 1996 Junewangia W.A. Baker & Morgan-Jones Hyalosynnema Matsush. 1975 2002 Hyalothyridium Tassi 1900 Kalchbrenneriella Diederich & M.S. Hyalotiastrum Abbas, B. Sutton, Ghaffar Christ. 2002 & Abbas 2003 Kaleidosporium Van Warmelo & B. Hyalotiella Papendorf 1967 Sutton 1981 Hydrometrospora J. Gönczöl & Révay Kamatella Anahosur 1969 1985 Kameshwaromyces Kamal, R.K. Verma & Hymenella Fr. 1822 Morgan-Jones 1986 Hymeniopeltis Bat. 1959 Karsteniomyces D. Hawksw. 1980 Hymenobactron (Sacc.) Höhn. 1916 Kionocephala P.M. Kirk 1986 Hymenopsis Sacc. 1886 Kionochaeta P.M. Kirk & B. Sutton 1986 Hyphochlaena Cif. 1962 Kmetia Bres. & Sacc. 1902 Hyphodiscosia Lodha & K.R.C. Reddy Kmetiopsis Bat. & Peres 1960 1974 Knemiothyrium Bat. & J.L. Bezerra 1960 Hyphodiscosioides Matsush. 1993 Knufia L.J. Hutchison & Unter. 1996 Hyphopolynema Nag Raj 1977 Kodonospora K. Ando 1993 Hyphostereum Pat. 1892 Kolletes Kohlm. & Volkm.-Kohlm. 2005 Hyphothyrium B. Sutton & Pascoe 1989 Kontospora A. Roldán, Honrubia & Hypocline Syd. 1939 Marvanová 1990 Hypogloeum Petr. 1923 Koorchalomella Chona, Munjal & J.N. Hysteridium P. Karst. 1905 Kapoor 1958 Hysteropycnis Hilitzer 1929 Korunomyces Hodges & F.A. Ferreira Ialomitzia Gruia 1964 1981 Icerymyces Brain 1923 Kostermansinda Rifai 1968 Idiocercus B. Sutton 1967 Kostermansindiopsis R.F. Castañeda 1986 Impudentia Vujanović 2003 Kramabeeja G.V. Rao & K.A. Reddy 1981 Inesiosporium R.F. Castañeda & W. Gams Kramasamuha Subram. & Vittal 1973 1997 Kreiseliella Braun 1991 Infrafungus Cif. 1951 Krishnamyces Hosag. 2003 Infundibulomyces Plaingam, Somrith. & Kyphophora B. Sutton 1991 E.B.G. Jones 2003 Lacellina Sacc. 1913 Inifatiella R.F. Castañeda 1985 Lacellinopsis Subram. 1953 Intercalarispora J.L. Crane & Schokn. Lachnodochium Marchal 1895 1983 Laciniocladium Petri 1917 Ionophragmium Peres 1961 Lactydina Subram. 1978 Irpicomyces Deighton 1969 Laeviomyces D. Hawksw. 1981 Isariella Henn. 1908 Lagenomyces Cavalc. & A.A. Silva 1972 Ischnostroma Syd. & P. Syd. 1914 Lambdasporium Matsush. 1971 Isthmolongispora Matsush. 1971 Lambinonia Sérus. & Diederich 2005 Isthmophragmospora Kuthub. & Nawawi Lamproconium (Grove) Grove 1937 1992 Lappodochium Matsush. 1975 Isthmotricladia Matsush. 1971 Lasiodiplodiella Zambett. 1955 Ityorhoptrum P.M. Kirk 1986 Lasiophoma Speg. 1918 Iyengarina Subram. 1958 Lasiothyrium Syd. & P. Syd. 1913 Jahniella Petr. 1921 Lasmenia Speg. 1886 Jainesia Gonz. Frag. & Cif. 1925 Lasmeniella Petr. & Syd. 1927 Janetia M.B. Ellis 1976 Latericonis G.V. Rao, K.A. Reddy & de Javonarxia Subram. 1995 Hoog 1984 Jerainum Nawawi & Kuthub. 1992 Lateriramulosa Matsush. 1971 Jubispora B. Sutton & H.J. Swart 1986

41 Laterispora Uecker, W.A. Ayers & P.B. Lunulospora Ingold 1942 Adams 1982 Luzfridiella R.F. Castañeda & W.B. Kendr. Lauriomyces R.F. Castañeda 1990 1991 Lawalreea Dieder. 1990 Lylea Morgan-Jones 1975 Leandria Rangel 1915 Lysotheca Cif. 1962 Lecaniocola Brain 1923 Mackenziella Yanna & K.D. Hyde 2009* Lecanostictopsis B. Sutton & Crous 1997 Macrodiplodia Sacc. 1884 Lecythispora Chowdhry 1985 Macrodiplodiopsis Petr. 1922 Lecythophora-like, anamorphic Igneocu- Macrotrichum Grev. 1825 mulus A.W. Ramaley 2003 Magdalaenaea G. Arnaud 1952 Leeina Petr. 1923 Mahabalella B. Sutton & S.D. Patil 1966 Leightoniomyces D. Hawksw. & B. Sutton Mammariopsis L.J. Hutchison & J. Reid 1977 1988 Lembuncula Cif. 1954 Manginella Bat. & H. Maia 1961 Lemkea Morgan-Jones & R.C. Sinclair Manoharachariella Bagyan., N.K. Rao & 1983 Kunwar 2009* Lepisticola W. Gams 2009* Manoharachariomyces N.K. Rao, D.K. Leprieurina G. Arnaud 1918, also see Agarwal & Kunwar 2005 Prillieuxina Mapletonia B. Sutton 1991 Leprieurinella Bat. & H. Maia 1961 Margarinomyces Laxa 1930 Leptochlamys Died. 1921 Martinellisia V.G. Rao & Varghese 1977 Leptodermella Höhn. 1915 Massalongina Bubák 1916 Leptodiscella Papendorf 1969 Massariothea Syd. 1939 Leptomelanconium Petr. 1923 Mastigomyces Imshen. & Kriss 1933 Leptophyllosticta I.E. Brezhnev 1939 Mastigosporium Riess 1852 Leptostromella (Sacc.) Sacc. 1884 Matsushimaea Subram. 1978 Leptothyrella Sacc. 1885 Matsushimiella R.F. Castañeda & Heredia Leptothyrina Höhn. 1915 2001 Leptothyrium Kunze 1823 Matsushimomyces V.G. Rao & Varghese Leucodochium Syd. & P. Syd. 1917 1979 Leucopenicillifer G.R.W. Arnold 1971 Mauginiella Cavara 1925 Leuliisinea Matsush. 1985 Medusamyces G.L. Barron & Szijarto 1990 Libertiella Speg. & Roum. 1880 Megacapitula J.L. Chen & Tzean 1993 Lichenobactridium Diederich & Etayo Megalodochium Deighton 1960 1995 Melanocephala S. Hughes 1979 Lichenoconium Petr. & Syd. 1927 Melanodiscus Höhn. 1918 Lichenodiplis Dyko & D. Hawksw. 1979 Melanographium Sacc. 1913 Lichenodiplisiella S.Y. Kondr. & Kudra- Melanophoma Papendorf & J.W. du Toit tov 2002 1967 Lichenohendersonia Calat. & Etayo 2001 Melanosella Örösi-Pál 1936 Lichenopuccinia D. Hawksw. & Hafellner Melophia Sacc. 1884 1984 Menoidea L. Mangin & Har. 1907 Lichenostella Calat. & Etayo 1999 Mercadomyces J. Mena 1988 Lichenosticta Zopf 1898 Metadiplodia Syd. 1937 Linkosia A. Hern. Gut. & B. Sutton 1997 Metarhiziopsis D.W. Li, R.S. Cowles & Linochorella Syd. & P. Syd. 1912 Vossbrinck 2008 LinodochiumHöhn. 1909 Metazythia Petr. 1950 Listeromyces Penz. & Sacc. 1901 Metazythiopsis M. Morelet 1988 Lobatopedis P.M. Kirk 1979 Microblastosporon Cif. 1930 Loliomyces Maire 1937 Microclava F. Stevens 1917 Lomaantha Subram. 1954 Microdiscula Höhn. 1915 Lomachashaka Subram. 1956

42 Mycosphere

Microdothiorella C.A.A. Costa & Sousa Mycopara Bat. & J.L. Bezerra 1960 da Câmara 1955 Mycospraguea U. Braun & Rogerson 1993 Microhendersonula Dias & Sousa da Mycosticta Höhn. 1918 Câmara 1952 Mycosylva M.C. Tulloch 1973 Microperella Höhn. 1909 Mycotribulus Nag Raj & W.B. Kendr. Microtyle Speg. 1919 1970 Microxyphiella Speg. 1918 Mycousteria M.L. Farr 1986 Microxyphiopsis Bat. 1963 Myiocoprula Petr. 1955 Milospium D. Hawksw. 1975 Myriellina Höhn. 1915 Mindoa Petr. 1949 Myriodontium Samson & Polon. 1978 Miniancora Marvanová & Bärl. 1989 Myrmecomyces Jouvenaz & Kimbr. 1991 Minimelanolocus R.F. Castañeda & Here- Myropyxis Ces. ex Rabenh. 1851 dia 2001 Myrotheciastrum Abbas & B. Sutton 1988 Minimidochium B. Sutton 1970 Mystrosporiella Munjal & Kulshr. 1969 Minutoexcipula V. Atienza & D. Hawksw. Myxoparaphysella Caball. 1941 1994 Myxosporella Sacc. 1881 Minutophoma D. Hawksw. 1981 Myxosporidiella Negru 1960 Mirimyces Nag Raj 1993 Myxostomellina Syd. 1931 Mixtoconidium Etayo 1995 Myxothyriopsis Bat. & A.F. Vital 1956 Mohgaonidium Singhai 1974 Myxothyrium Bubák & Kabát 1915 Monilochaetes Halst. ex Harter 1916 Naemaspora Pers. 1796 Monochaetiella E. Castell. 1943 Naemosphaera P. Karst. 1888 Monochaetopsis Pat. 1931 Naemosphaerella Höhn. 1923 Monodia Breton & Faurel 1970 Nagrajia R.F. Castañeda & W.B. Kendr. Monodidymaria U. Braun 1994 1991 Monodisma Alcorn 1975 Nagrajomyces Melnik 1984 Monosporiella Speg. 1918 Nakatopsis Whitton, McKenzie & K.D. Monosporium Bonord. 1851, nom. illegit. Hyde 2001 Monotrichum Gäum. 1922 Nanoschema B. Sutton 1980 Moorella P.Rag. Rao & D. Rao 1964 Naothyrsium Bat. 1960 Moralesia Urries 1956 Naranus Ts. Watan. 1995 Morosporium Renault & Roche 1898 Navaneethospora V.G. Rao 1994 Morrisographium M. Morelet 1968 Necraphidium Cif. 1951 Mucobasispora Mustafa & Abdul-Wahid Negeriella Henn. 1897 1990 Nematogonum Desm. 1834 Mucosetospora M. Morelet 1972 Nematographium Goid. 1935 Muiaria Thaxt. 1914 Nemozythiella Höhn. 1925 Muiogone Thaxt. 1914 Neoalpakesa Punith. 1981 Muirella R. Sprague 1959 Neoarbuscula B. Sutton 1983 Multicladium K.B. Deshp. & K.S. Deshp. Neobarclaya Sacc. 1899 1966 Neodiplodina Petr. 1954 Multipatina Sawada 1928 Neofuckelia Zeller & Goodd. 1935 Mycelephas R.F. Castañeda* 2009 Neohendersonia Petr. 1921 Myceloderma Ducomet 1907 Neoheteroceras Nag Raj 1993 Mycobacillaria Naumov 1915 Neojohnstonia B. Sutton 1983 Mycocentrodochium K. Matsush. & Mat- Neoligniella Naumov 1951 sush. 1996 Neomarssoniella U. Braun 1991 Mycochlamys S. Marchand & Cabral 1976 Neomelanconium Petr. 1940 Mycoenterolobium Goos 1970 Neoovularia U. Braun 1992 Mycofalcella Marvanová, Om-Kalth. & J. Neopeltis Syd. 1937 Webster 1993 Neopericonia Kamal, A.N. Rai & Morgan- Mycomyces Wyss-Chod. 1928 Jones 1983

43 Neophoma Petr. & Syd. 1927 Paraaoria R.K. Verma & Kamal 1987 Neoplaconema B. Sutton 1977 Paraarthrocladium Matsush. 1993 Neoramularia U. Braun 1991 Paraceratocladium R.F. Castañeda 1987 Neospegazzinia Petr. & Syd. 1936 Parachionomyces Thaung 1979 Neosporidesmium Mercado & J. Mena Paracostantinella Subram. & Sudha 1989 1988 Paracryptophiale Kuthub. & Nawawi Neottiospora Desm. 1843 1994 Neta Shearer & J.L. Crane 1971 Paracytospora Petr. 1925 Nidulispora Nawawi & Kuthub. 1990 Paradactylaria Subram. & Sudha 1989 Nigromacula Etayo 2002 Paradactylella Matsush. 1993 Nigropuncta D. Hawksw. 1981 Paradendryphiopsis M.B. Ellis 1976 Nosophloea Fr. 1849 Paradictyoarthrinium Matsush. 1996 NothosporaPeyronel 1913 Paradidymobotryum C.J.K. Wang & B. NummosporaE. Müll. & Shoemaker 1964 Sutton 1984 Nusia Subram. 1995 Paradiplodia Speg. ex Trotter 1931 Nyctalospora E.F. Morris 1972 Paradischloridium Bhat & B. Sutton 1985 Obeliospora Nawawi & Kuthub. 1990 Paradiscula Petr. 1941 Obstipipilus B. Sutton 1968 Paraepicoccum Matsush. 1993 Obstipispora R.C. Sinclair & Morgan- Parafulvia Kamal, A.N. Rai & Morgan- Jones 1979 Jones 1983 Ochroconis de Hoog & Arx 1974 Paraharknessia Matsush. 2003 Octopodotus Kohlm. & Volkm.-Kohlm. Parahyalotiopsis Nag Raj 1976 2003 Paramassariothea Subram. & Muthumary Odontodictyospora Mercado 1984 1979 Oedocephalum Preuss 1851 Paramenisporopsis Matsush. 2003 Oedothea Syd. 1930 Parapericonia M.B. Ellis 1976 Ojibwaya B. Sutton 1973 Parapericoniella U. Braun, Heuchert & K. Olpitrichum G.F. Atk. 1894 Schub. 2005 Omega B. Sutton & Minter 1988 Paraphaeoisaria de Hoog & Morgan- Ommatosporella Bat., J.L. Bezerra & Jones 1978 Poroca 1967 Paraphialocephala Budathoki 1997 Oncopodiella G. Arnaud ex Rifai 1965 Parapithomyces Thaung 1976 Oncopodium Sacc. 1904 Parapleurotheciopsis P.M. Kirk 1982 Oncospora Kalchbr. 1880 Parapyricularia M.B. Ellis 1972 Oncosporella P. Karst. 1887 Pararobillarda Matsush. 1996 Oncostroma Bat. & Marasas 1966 Parasarcopodium Melnik, S.J. Lee & Onychophora W. Gams, P.J. Fisher & J. Crous 2004 Webster 1984 Parasphaeropsis Petr. 1953 Oothyrium Syd. 1939 Paraspora Grove 1884 Ophiosira Petr. 1955 Parastigmatellina Bat. & C.A.A. Costa Orbimyces Linder 1944 1959 Ordus K. Ando & Tubaki 1983 Parasympodiella Ponnappa 1975 Ostracodermidium Mukerji 1973 Paratetraploa M.K.M. Wong & K.D. Ovadendron Sigler & J.W. Carmich. 1976 Hyde 2002 Paathramaya Subram. 1956 Paratomenticola M.B. Ellis 1976 Pachycladina Marvanová 1987 Paratrichoconis Deighton & Piroz. 1972 Pactilia Fr. 1837 Paraulocladium R.F. Castañeda 1986 Palawaniopsis Bat., Cif. & Nascim. 1959 Parvosympodium A.W. Ramaley 2002 Panchanania Subram. & N.G. Nair 1966 Paspalomyces Linder 1933 Papilionospora V.G. Rao & B. Sutton Patouillardiella Speg. 1889 1976 Patriciomyces D. Hawksw. 2001 Pappimyces B. Sutton & Hodges 1975 Pellionella (Sacc.) Sacc. 1902

44 Mycosphere

Peltasterella Bat. & H. Maia 1959 Phialomyces P.C. Misra & P.H.B. Talbot Peltasterinostroma Punith. 1975 1964 Peltasteropsis Bat. & H. Maia 1959 Phialophaeoisaria Matsush. 1995 Peltistroma Henn. 1904 Phialoselanospora Udaiyan 1992 Peltistromella Höhn. 1907 Phialosporostilbe Mercado & J. Mena Peltosoma Syd. 1925 1985 Peltostromellina Bat. & A.F. Vital 1959 Phialostele Deighton 1969 Peltostromopsis Bat. & A.F. Vital 1959 Phialotubus R.Y. Roy & Leelav. 1966 Penzigomyces Subram. 1992 Phloeoconis Fr. 1849 Perelegamyces R.F. Castañeda & W.B. Phloeosporina Höhn. 1924 Kendr. 1990 Phlyctaeniella Petr. 1922 Periola Fr. 1822 Phomachora Petr. & Syd. 1925 Perizomella Syd. 1927 Phomachorella Petr. 1947 Pestalozziella Sacc. & Ellis ex Sacc. 1882 Phomyces Clem. 1931 Petrakia Syd. & P. Syd. 1913 Phragmocephala E.W. Mason & S. Petrakiopsis Subram. & K.R.C. Reddy Hughes 1951 1968 Phragmoconidium G.F. Sepúlveda, Perei- Phacostroma Petr. 1955 ra-Carv. & Dianese 2009* Phacostromella Petr. 1955 Phragmodochium Höhn. 1924 Phaeoblastophora Partr. & Morgan-Jones Phragmogloeum Petr. 1954 2002 Phragmopeltis Henn. 1904 Phaeobotrys M. Calduch, Gené & Guarro Phragmospathula Subram. & N.G. Nair 2002 1966 Phaeocandelabrum R.F. Castañeda, Here- Phragmospathulella J. Mena & Mercado dia, Saikawa 2009* 1986 Phaeocytostroma Petr. 1921 Phragmotrichum Kunze 1823 Phaeodactylella Udaiyan 1992 Phylloedium Fr. 1825 Phaeodactylium Agnihothr. 1968 Phyllohendersonia Tassi 1902 Phaeodiscula Cub. 1891 Physalidiella Rulamort 1990 Phaeodomus Höhn. 1909 Physalidiopsis R.F. Castañeda & W.B. Phaeohiratsukaea Udagawa & Iwatsu Kendr. 1990 1990 Pilulina G. Arnaud 1954 Phaeohymenula Petr. 1954 Pinatubo J.B. Manandhar & Mew 1996 Phaeoidiomyces Dorn.-Silva & Dianese Piperivora Siboe, P.M. Kirk & P.F. 2004 Cannon 1999 Phaeoisaria Höhn. 1909 Piricauda Bubák 1914 Phaeolabrella Speg. 1912 Piricaudilium Hol.-Jech. 1988 Phaeomonilia R.F. Castañeda, Heredia & Piricaudiopsis J. Mena & Mercado 1987 R.M. Arias 2007 Pirispora Faurel & Schotter 1966 Phaeomonostichella Keissl. ex Petr. 1941 Pirostomella Sacc. 1914 Phaeophloeosporella Crous & B. Sutton Pirozynskiella S. Hughes 2007 1997 Pithosira Petr. 1949 Phaeophomopsis Höhn. 1917 Pittostroma Kowalski & T.N. Sieber 1992 Phaeosphaera Bat. & Cif. 1963 Placella Syd. 1938 Phaeosporobolus D. Hawksw. & Hafellner Placodiplodia Bubák 1916 1986 Placonema (Sacc.) Petr. 1921 Phaeothyrium Petr. 1947 Placonemina Petr. 1921 Phaeotrichoconis Subram. 1956 Plagiostigmella Petr. 1949 Phalangispora Nawawi & J. Webster 1982 Plectonaemella Höhn. 1915 Phialoarthrobotryum Matsush. 1975 Plectopeltis Syd. 1927 Phialogangliospora Udaiyan & V.S. Plectophomella Moesz 1922 Hosag. 1992 Plectophomopsis Petr. 1922

45 Plectosira Petr. 1929 Prismaria Preuss 1851 Plectronidiopsis Nag Raj 1979 Proboscispora Punith. 1984 Plectronidium Nag Raj 1977 Prophytroma Sorokīn 1877 Plectrothrix Shear 1902 Prosthemiella Sacc. 1881 Pleiochaeta (Sacc.) S. Hughes 1951 Protostegia Cooke 1880 Plenocatenulis Bat. & Cif. 1959 Protostegiomyces Bat. & A.F. Vital 1955 Plenophysa Syd. & P. Syd. 1920 Protostroma Bat. 1957 Plenotrichopsis Bat. 1961 Psammina Sacc. & M. Rousseau ex E. Plenotrichum Syd. 1927 Bommer & M. Rousseau 1891 Plenozythia Syd. & P. Syd. 1916 Pseudoacrodictys W.A. Baker & Morgan- Pleocouturea G. Arnaud 1911 Jones 2003 Plesiospora Drechsler 1971 Pseudoanguillospora S.H. Iqbal 1974 Pleurodesmospora Samson, W. Gams & Pseudoaristastoma Suj. Singh 1979 H.C. Evans 1979 Pseudoasperisporium U. Braun 2000 Pleurodiscula Höhn. 1926 Pseudobasidiospora Dyko & B. Sutton Pleurodiscus Petr. 1931 1978 Pleurodomus Petr. 1934 Pseudobeltrania Henn. 1902 Pleuropedium Marvanová & S.H. Iqbal Pseudocanalisporium R.F. Castañeda & 1973 W.B. Kendr. 1991 Pleurophragmium Costantin 1888 Pseudocenangium P. Karst. 1886 Pleuroplaconema Petr. 1923 Pseudochuppia Kamal, A.N. Rai & Pleuroplacosphaeria Syd. 1928 Morgan-Jones 1984 Pleurotheciopsis B. Sutton 1973 Pseudoclathrosphaerina Voglmayr 1997 Pleurothyriella Petr. & Syd. 1925 Pseudoconium Petr. 1969 Pleurothyrium Bubák 1916 Pseudocytoplacosphaeria Punith. & Spoo- Pleurothyrium Bubák 1916 ner 2002 Pocillopycnis Dyko & B. Sutton 1979 Pseudocytospora Petr. 1923 Podosporiella Ellis & Everh. 1894 Pseudodichomera Höhn. 1918 Podosporium Schwein. 1832 Pseudodidymaria U. Braun 1993 Poikilosperma Bat. & J.L. Bezerra 1961 Pseudodiplodia (P. Karst.) Sacc. 1884 Polybulbophiale Goh & K.D. Hyde 1998 Pseudodiscula Laubert 1911 Polycladium Ingold 1959 Pseudoepicoccum M.B. Ellis 1971 Polydesmus Mont. 1845 Pseudofuscophialis Sivan. & H.S. Chang Polyetron Bat. & Peres 1963 1995 Polylobatispora Matsush. 1996 Pseudogaster Höhn. 1907 Polyscytalina G. Arnaud 1954 Pseudogliophragma Phadke & V.G. Rao Polyscytalum Riess 1853 1980 Polystomellomyces Bat. 1959 Pseudographiella E.F. Morris 1966 Polystratorictus Matsush. 1993 Pseudohansfordia G.R.W. Arnold 1970 Polysynnema Constant. & Seifert 1988 Pseudohelicomyces Garnica & E. Valenz. Polythrinciella Bat. & H. Maia 1960 2000 Polythrinciopsis J. Walker 1966 Pseudohendersonia Crous & M.E. Palm Polytretophora Mercado 1983 1999 Porobeltraniella Gusmão 2004 Pseudolachnea Ranoj. 1910 Porocladium Descals 1976 Pseudoneottiospora Faurel & Schotter Poroisariopsis M. Morelet 1971 1965 Poropeltis Henn. 1904 Pseudopapulaspora N.D. Sharma 1977 Porophilomyces U. Braun 2000 Pseudopatellina Höhn. 1908 Porosubramaniania Hol.-Jech. 1985 Pseudopeltistroma Katum. 1975 Porrectotheca Matsush. 1996 Pseudopetrakia M.B. Ellis 1971 Powellia Bat. & Peres 1964 Pseudophloeosporella U. Braun 1993 Prathigada Subram. 1956

46 Mycosphere

Pseudophragmotrichum W.P. Wu, B. Quadricladium Nawawi & Kuthub. 1989 Sutton & Gange 1998 Quasidiscus B. Sutton 1991 Pseudopolystigmina Murashk. 1928 Queenslandia Bat. & H. Maia 1959 Pseudoramularia Matsush. 1983 Quezelia Faurel & Schotter 1965 Pseudorhizopogon Kobayasi 1983 Radiatispora Matsush. 1995 Pseudoschizothyra Punith. 1980 Radiciseta Sawada & Katsuki 1959 Pseudoseptoria Speg. 1910 Radulidium Arzanlou, W. Gams & Crous Pseudostegia Bubák 1906 2007 Pseudostilbella Munt.-Cvetk. & Gómez- Raizadenia S.L. Srivast. 1981 Bolea 1995 Ramakrishnanella Kamat & Ullasa ex Pseudostracoderma A.E. Martinez & Ullasa 1970 Godeas 1997 Ramaraomyces N.K. Rao, Manohar. & Pseudothyrium Höhn. 1927 Goos 1989 Pseudotorula Subram. 1958 Ramicephala Voglmayr & G. Delgado Pseudotracylla B. Sutton & Hodges 1976 2003 Pseudotrichoconis W.A. Baker & Morgan- Ramoacrodictys G.Z. Zhao 2009* Jones 2001 Ramoconidiifera B. Sutton, Carmarán & Pseudozythia Höhn. 1902 A.I. Romero 1996 Pterulopsis Wakef. & Hansf. 1943 Ramulaspera Lindr. 1902 Pterygosporopsis P.M. Kirk 1983 Ranojevicia Bubák 1910 Pucciniospora Speg. 1886 Redbia Deighton & Piroz. 1972 Pulchromyces Hennebert 1973 Refractohilum D. Hawksw. 1977 Pullospora Faurel & Schotter 1965 Reichlingia Diederich & Scheid. 1996 Pulvinella A.W. Ramaley 2001 Remersonia Samson & Seifert 1997 Pulvinotrichum Gamundí, Aramb. & Repetoblastiella R.F. Castañeda, Minter & Giaiotti 1981 M. Stadler 2009* Punctillina Toro 1934 Retroconis de Hoog & Bat. Vegte 1989 Pycnidioarxiella Punith. & N.D. Sharma Rhabdoclema Syd. 1939 1980 Rhabdomyces Balbiani 1889 Pycnidiopeltis Bat. & C.A.A. Costa 1959 Rhabdostromella Höhn. 1915 Pycnis Bref. 1881 Rhexoacrodictys W.A. Baker & Morgan- Pycnodactylus Bat., A.A. Silva & Cavalc. Jones 2002 1967 Rhexoampullifera P.M. Kirk 1982 Pycnodallia Kohlm. & Volkm.-Kohlm. Rhexodenticula W.A. Baker & Morgan- 2001 Jones 2001 Pycnoharknessia Matsush. 1996 Rhexoprolifer Matsush. 1996 Pycnomma Syd. 1924 Rhinocladium Sacc. & Marchal 1885 Pycnomoreletia Rulamort 1990 Rhinotrichella G. Arnaud ex de Hoog Pycnopleiospora C.Z. Wei, Y. Harada & 1977 Katum. 1997 Rhipidocephalum Trail 1888 Pycnoseynesia Kuntze 1898 Rhizohypha Chodat & Sigr. 1911 Pycnothera N.D. Sharma & G.P. Agarwal Rhizosphaerina B. Sutton 1986 1974 Rhodesiopsis B. Sutton & R. Campb. 1979 Pycnothyriella Bat. 1952 Rhodothallus Bat. & Cif. 1959 Pycnothyrium Died. 1913 Rhombostilbella Zimm. 1902 Pyramidospora Sv. Nilsson 1962 Rhynchodiplodia Briosi & Farneti 1906 Pyrenyllium Clem. 1909 Rhynchomyces Willk. 1866 Pyrgostroma Petr. 1951 Rhynchoseptoria Unamuno 1940 Pyriculariopsis M.B. Ellis 1971 Rhynchosporina Arx 1957 Pyripnomyces Cavalc. 1972 Riclaretia Peyronel 1915 Quadracaea Lunghini, Pinzari & Zucconi Rileya A. Funk 1979 1996 Robakia Petr. 1952

47 Robillarda Sacc. 1882 Scolecotheca Søchting & B. Sutton 1997 Rogergoosiella A. Hern. Gut. & J. Mena Scolecozythia Curzi 1927 1996 Scoliotidium Bat. & Cavalc. 1963 Roigiella R.F. Castañeda 1984 Scopaphoma Dearn. & House 1925 Roscoepoundia Kuntze 1898 Scopulariella Gjaerum 1971 Rosulomyces S. Marchand & Cabral 1976 Scorpiosporium S.H. Iqbal 1974 Rota Bat., Cif. & Nascim. 1959 Scothelius Bat., J.L. Bezerra & Cavalc. Rotaea Ces. ex Schltdl. 1851 1965 Rubikia H.C. Evans & Minter 1985 Scutisporus K. Ando & Tubaki 1985 Ruggieria Cif. & Montemart. 1958 Scutopeltis Bat. & H. Maia 1957 Rutola J.L. Crane & Schokn. 1978 Scutopycnis Bat. 1957 Sadasivania Subram. 1957 Seifertia Partr. & Morgan-Jones 2002 Sagrahamala Subram. 1972 Seimatosporiopsis B. Sutton, Ghaffer & Saliastrum myrtilli (Allesch.) Kujala 1946 Abbas 1972 Sanjuanomyces R.F. Castañeda & W.B. Selenodriella R.F. Castañeda & W.B. Kendr. 1991 Kendr. 1990 Santapauinda Subram. 1995 Selenosira Petr. 1957 Saprophragma K.B. Deshp. & K.S. Deshp. Selenosporopsis R.F. Castañeda & W.B. 1966 Kendr. 1991 Saprotaphrina Verona & Rambelli 1962 Septocyta Petr. 1927 Sarbhoyomyces Saikia 1981 Septocytella Syd. 1929 Sarcinodochium Höhn. 1905 Septodochium Matsush. 1971 Sarcinosporon D.S. King & S.C. Jong Septogloeum Sacc. 1880 1975 Septomyxella (Höhn.) Höhn. 1923 Sarcopodium Ehrenb. 1818 Septopatella Petr. 1925 Satchmopsis B. Sutton & Hodges 1975 Septosporiopsis W.A. Baker & Morgan- Scaphidium Clem. 1901 Jones 2009* Scenomyces F. Stevens 1927 Septosporium Corda 1831 Sceptrifera Deighton 1965 Septothyrella Höhn. 1911 Schizoderma Kunze 1825 Septotrullula Höhn. 1902 Schizothyra Bat. & C.A.A. Costa 1957 Sessiliospora D. Hawksw. 1979 Schizothyrella Thüm. 1880 Setolibertella Punith. & Spooner 1999 Schizothyropsis Bat. & A.F. Vital 1960 Setophiale Matsush. 1995 Schizotrichum McAlpine 1903 Setosporella Mustafa & Abdul-Wahid Schroeteria G. Winter 1881 1989 Schwarzmannia Pisareva 1968 Setosynnema D.E. Shaw & B. Sutton 1985 Scirrhophoma Petr. 1941 Seychellomyces Matsush. 1981 Sclerococcum Fr. 1825 Seynesiopsis Henn. 1904 Scleroconium Syd. 1935 Shawiella Hansf. 1957 Sclerodiscus Pat. 1890 Sheariella Petr. 1952 Sclerodothiorella Died. 1912 Shrungabeeja V.G. Rao & K.A. Reddy Sclerographiopsis Deighton 1973 1981 Sclerographium Berk. 1854 Siamia V. Robert, Decock & R.F. Cas- Scleromeris Syd. 1926 tañeda 2000 Scleropycnis Syd. & P. Syd. 1911 Sigmatomyces Sacc. & P. Syd. 1913 Sclerotiella A.K. Sarbhoy & A. Sarbhoy Sirexcipula Bubák 1907 1975 Sirocyphis Clem. 1909 Sclerozythia Petch 1937 Sirodochiella Höhn. 1925 Scolecobasidiella M.B. Ellis 1971 Sirogloea Petr. 1923 Scolecobasidium E.V. Abbott 1927 Siroligniella Naumov 1926 Scolecodochium K. Matsush. & Matsush. Sirophoma Höhn. 1917 1996 Siroplacodium Petr. 1940

48 Mycosphere

Siropleura Petr. 1934 Stagonopatella Petr. 1927 Siroscyphellina Petr. 1923 Stagonopsis Sacc. 1884 Sirosperma Syd. & P. Syd. 1916 Stagonosporina Tassi 1902 Sirosphaera Syd. & P. Syd. 1913 Stagonostromella Petr. & Syd. 1927 Sirosporonaemella Naumov 1951 Staheliella Emden 1974 Sirothecium P. Karst. 1887 Stalagmochaetia Cif. & Bat. 1963 Sirothyriella Höhn. 1910 Staphylotrichum J. Mey. & Nicot 1957 Sirothyrium Syd. & P. Syd. 1916 Stauriella Sivichai & E.B.G. Jones 2004 Sirozythia Höhn. 1904 Stauronema (Sacc.) Syd., P. Syd. & E.J. Sirozythiella Höhn. 1909 Butler 1916 Sitochora H.B.P. Upadhyay 1964 Stauronematopsis Abbas, B. Sutton & Slimacomyces Minter 1986 Ghaffar 2002 Solheimia E.F. Morris 1967 Staurophoma Höhn. 1907 Solicorynespora R.F. Castañeda & W.B. Stegolerium Strobel, W.M. Hess & E.J. Kendr. 1990 Ford 2001 Soloacrospora W.B. Kendr. & R.F. Cas- Stegonsporiopsis Van Warmelo & B. tañeda 1991 Sutton 1981 Solosympodiella Matsush. 1971 Stellomyces Morgan-Jones, R.C. Sinclair Soloterminospora Matsush. 1996 & Eicker 1987 Spegazzinia Sacc. 1879 Stellopeltis Bat. & A.F. Vital 1959 Speiropsis Tubaki 1958 Stellospora Alcorn & B. Sutton 1984 Spermatoloncha Speg. 1908 Stellothyriella Bat. & Cif. 1959 Spermochaetella Cif. 1954 Stenocephalopsis Chamuris & C.J.K. Spermospora R. Sprague 1948 Wang 1998 Spermosporella Deighton 1969 Stenocephalum Chamuris & C.J.K. Wang Spermosporella Deighton 1969 1990 Sphaeridium Fresen. 1852 Stenocladiella Marvanová & Descals 1987 Sphaeriostromella Bubák 1916 Stenospora Deighton 1969 Sphaeriothyrium Bubák 1916 Stephanosporium Dal Vesco 1961 Sphaerocolla P. Karst. 1892 Stephembruneria R.F. Castañeda 1988 Sphaerocybe Magrou & Marneffe 1946 Sterigmatobotrys Oudem. 1886 Sphaeromma H.B.P. Upadhyay 1964 Stevensomyces E.F. Morris & Finley 1965 Sphaeronema Fr. 1815 Stevensonula Petr. 1952 Sphaerophoma Petr. 1924 Stichospora Petr. 1927 Sphaerosporium Schwein. 1832 Stictopatella Höhn. 1918 Sphaerulomyces Marvanová 1977 Stictosepta Petr. 1964 Sphondylocephalum Stalpers 1974 Stigmatellina Bat. & H. Maia 1960 Spicularia Pers. 1822 Stigmella Lév. 1842 Spinulospora Deighton 1973 Stigmopeltis Syd. 1927 Spiralum J.L. Mulder 1975 Stilbellula Boedijn 1951 Spiropes Cif. 1955 Stilbophoma Petr. 1942 Spondylocladiella Linder 1934 Stilbospora Pers. 1794, also see Prosthe- Spondylocladiopsis M.B. Ellis 1963 cium Sporendonema Desm. 1827 Strasseria Bres. & Sacc. 1902 Sporocystis Morgan 1902 Strasseriopsis B. Sutton & Tak. Kobay. Sporoglena Sacc. 1894 1970 Sporophiala P.Rag. Rao 1970 Stratiphoromyces Goh & K.D. Hyde 1998 Sporophora Luteraan 1952 Striosphaeropsis Verkley & Aa 1997 Stachybotryella Ellis & Barthol. 1902 Stromatopogon Zahlbr. 1897 Stachybotryna Tubaki & T. Yokoy. 1971 Stromatopycnis A.F. Vital 1956 Stachycoremium Seifert 1986 Stromatostysanus Höhn. 1919 Stachylidium Link 1809 Strongylothallus Bat. & Cif. 1959

49 Strumellopsis Höhn. 1909 Temerariomyces B. Sutton 1993 Stygiomyces Coppins & S.Y. Kondr. 1995 Teratosperma Syd. & P. Syd. 1909 Stylaspergillus B. Sutton, Alcorn & P.J. Tetrabrachium Nawawi & Kuthub. 1987 Fisher 1982 Tetrabrunneospora Dyko 1978 Subicularium M.L. Farr & Goos 1989 Tetrachaetum Ingold 1942 Subramania D. Rao & P.Rag. Rao 1964 Tetracoccosporium Szabó 1905 Subramanianospora Narayanan, J.K. Tetrameronycha Speg. ex W. Rossi & M. Sharma & Minter 2003 Blackw. 1990 Subramaniomyces Varghese & V.G. Rao Tetranacriella Kohlm. & Volkm.-Kohlm. 1980 2001 Subulispora Tubaki 1971 Tetranacrium H.J. Huds. & B. Sutton 1964 Surculiseries Okane, Nakagiri & Tad. Ito Tetraposporium S. Hughes 1951 2001 Textotheca Matsush. 1996 Sutravarana Subram. & Chandrash. 1977 Thallospora L.S. Olive 1948 Suttoniella S. Ahmad 1961 Thaptospora B. Sutton & Pascoe 1987 Suttonina H.C. Evans 1984 Tharoopama Subram. 1956 Syamithabeeja Subram. & Natarajan 1976 Thirumalacharia Rathaiah 1981 Sylviacollaea Cif. 1963 Tholomyces Matsush. 2003 Symbiotaphrina Kühlw. & Jurzitza ex W. Thoracella Oudem. 1900 Gams & Arx 1980 Thrinacospora Petr. 1948 Symphyosira Preuss 1853* Thyriostromella Bat. & C.A.A. Costa 1959 Symphysos Bat. & Cavalc. 1967 Thyrostromella Höhn. 1919 Sympodiella W.B. Kendr. 1958 Thyrsidiella Höhn. ex Höhn. 1909 Sympodiocladium Descals 1982 Thyrsidina Höhn. 1905 Sympodioclathra Voglmayr 1997 Tiarosporellivora Punith. 1981 Sympodioplanus R.C. Sinclair & Boshoff Ticogloea G. Weber, Spaaij & W. Gams 1997 1994 Synchronoblastia Uecker & F.L. Caruso Tilakiopsis V.G. Rao 1994 1988 Titaeopsis B. Sutton & Deighton 1984 Syncladium Rabenh. 1859 Titaeospora Bubák 1916, also see Synnemacrodictys W.A. Baker & Morgan- Stamnaria Jones 2009* Tomenticola Deighton 1969 Synnemaseimatoides K. Matsush. & Tompetchia Subram. 1985 Matsush. 1996 Torulopsiella Bender 1932 Synnematomyces Kobayasi 1981 Toxosporiella B. Sutton 1986 Synnemellisia N.K. Rao, Manohar. & Toxosporiopsis B. Sutton & Sellar 1966 Goos 1989 Toxosporium Vuill. 1896 Synnmukerjiomyces Aneja & R. Kumar Tracylla (Sacc.) Tassi 1904 1999 Trematophoma Petr. 1924 Synostomina Petr. 1949 Tremellidium Petr. 1927 Systremmopsis Petr. 1923 Tretocephala Subram. 1995 Taeniolina M.B. Ellis 1976 Tretophragmia Subram. & Natarajan 1974 Talekpea Lunghini & Rambelli 1979 Tretospeira Piroz. 1972 Tandonia M.D. Mehrotra 1991 Tretovularia Deighton 1984 Tarsodisporus Bat. & A.A. Silva 1965 Triacutus G.L. Barron & Tzean 1981 Tassia Syd. & P. Syd. 1919 Triadelphia Shearer & J.L. Crane 1971 Tawdiella K.B. Deshp. & K.S. Deshp. Tribolospora D.A. Reid 1966 1966 Tricellula Beverw. 1954 Taxomyces Strobel, A. Stierle, D. Stierle & Trichaegum Corda 1837 W.M. Hess 1993 Trichobolbus Bat. 1964 Tectacervulus A.W. Ramaley 1992 Trichobotrys Penz. & Sacc. 1901 Telligia Hendr. 1948 Trichoconis Clem. 1909

50 Mycosphere

Trichodiscula Vouaux 1910 Vanakripa Bhat, W.B. Kendr. & Nag Raj Trichodochium Syd. 1927 1993 Trichomatoclava G.F. Sepúlveda, Pereira- Vanbeverwijkia Agnihothr. 1961 Carv. & Dianese 2009* Vanderystiella Henn. 1908 Trichomatosphaera Pereira-Carv., G.F. Vanibandha Manohar., N.K. Rao, Kunwar Sepúlveda & Dianese 2009* & D.K. Agarwal 2006 Trichopeltulum Speg. 1889 Vanterpoolia A. Funk 1982 Trichoseptoria Cavara 1892 Vargamyces Tóth 1980 Trichosporodochium Dorn.-Silva & Dia- Variocladium Descals & Marvanová 1999 nese 2004 Vasculomyces S.F. Ashby 1913 Tricladiella K. Ando & Tubaki 1984 Vasudevella Chona, Munjal & Bajaj 1957 Tricladiopsis Descals 1982 Velutipila D. Hawksw. 1987 Tricladiospora Nawawi & Kuthub. 1988 Ventrographium H.P. Upadhyay, Cavalc. Tridentaria Preuss 1852 & A.A. Silva 1986 Trifurcospora K. Ando & Tubaki 1988 Venustisporium R.F. Castañeda & Iturr. Triglyphium Fresen. 1852 1999 Trigonosporium Tassi 1900 Venustocephala Matsush. 1995 Tripoconidium Subram. 1978 Venustosynnema R.F. Castañeda & W.B. Triposporina Höhn. 1912 Kendr. 1990 Triramulispora Matsush. 1975 Veracruzomyces Mercado, Guarro, Here- Triscelophorus Ingold 1944 dia & J. Mena 2002 Triscelosporium Nawawi & Kuthub. 1987 Veramycella G. Delgado 2009* Trisulcosporium H.J. Huds. & B. Sutton Veramyces Matsush. 1993 1964 Verdipulvinus A.W. Ramaley 1999 Tritirachium Limber 1940 Vermispora Deighton & Piroz. 1972 Troposporium Harkn. 1884 Vermisporium H.J. Swart & M.A. Will. Troposporopsis Whitton, McKenzie & 1983 K.D. Hyde 1999 Veronaea Cif. & Montemart. 1957 Trullula Ces. 1852 Veronaella Subram. & K.R.C. Reddy 1975 Tryssglobulus B. Sutton & Pascoe 1987 Veronidia Negru 1964 Tuberculariopsis Höhn. 1909 Verrucariella S. Ahmad 1967 Tuberculispora Deighton & Piroz. 1972 Verrucophragmia Crous, M.J. Wingf. & Tulipispora Révay & Gönczöl 2009* W.B. Kendr. 1994 Tumularia Descals & Marvanová 1987 Verticicladus Matsush. 1993 Tunicago B. Sutton & Pollack 1977 Verticimonosporium Matsush. 1971 Turturconchata J.L. Chen, T.L. Huang & Vesiculohyphomyces Armando, Pereira- Tzean 1999 Carv. & Dianese 2009* Tylomyces Cortini 1921 Vestigium Piroz. & Shoemaker 1972 Tympanosporium W. Gams 1974 Virgariella S. Hughes 1953 Uberispora Piroz. & Hodges 1973 Virgatospora Finley 1967 Ubrizsya Negru 1965 Viscomacula R. Sprague 1951 Ulocoryphus Michaelides, L. Hunter & Volucrispora Haskins 1958 W.B. Kendr. 1982 Volutellis Clem. & Shear 1931 Umbellidion B. Sutton & Hodges 1975 Volutellopsis Speg. 1910 Uncispora R.C. Sinclair & Morgan-Jones Vouauxiella Petr. & Syd. 1927 1979 Waihonghopes Yanna & K.D. Hyde 2002 Urohendersonia Speg. 1902 Wardinella Bat. & Peres 1960 Urohendersoniella Petr. 1955 Waydora B. Sutton 1976 Uvarispora Goos & Piroz. 1975 Websteromyces W.A. Baker & Partr. 2000 Vagnia D. Hawksw. & Miądl. 1997 Weissia Bat. & M.P. Herrera 1964 Vamsapriya Gawas & Bhat 2006 Weufia Bhat & B. Sutton 1985 Wiesneriomyces Koord. 1907

51 Wojnowicia Sacc. 1899 Agaricaceae Chevall. Xanthoriicola D. Hawksw. 1973 Attamyces Kreisel 1972 Xenidiocercus Nag Raj 1993 Coccobotrys Boud. & Pat. 1900, anamor- Xenochalara M.J. Wingf. & Crous 2000 phic Lepiota (Pers.) Gray 1821 Xenodomus Petr. 1922 Xenoheteroconium Bhat, W.B. Kendr. & Fistulinaceae Lotsy Nag Raj 1993 Confistulina Stalpers 1983, anamorphic Xenokylindria DiCosmo, S.M. Berch & Fistulina Bull. 1791 W.B. Kendr. 1983 Xenopeltis Syd. & P. Syd. 1919 Lyophyllaceae Jülich Xenoplaca Petr. 1949 Termitosphaera Cif. 1935, anamorphic Xenostroma Höhn. 1915 Termitomyces R. Heim 1942 Xepicula Nag Raj 1993 Ugola Adans. 1763, anamorphic Astero- Xepiculopsis Nag Raj 1993 phora Ditmar 1809 Xeroconium D. Hawksw. 1981 Xiambola Minter & Hol.-Jech. 1981 Mycenaceae Overeem Xiphomyces Syd. & P. Syd. 1916 Decapitatus Redhead & Seifert 2000, Xylochia B. Sutton 1983 anamorphic Mycena (Pers.) Roussel Xyloglyphis Clem. 1909 1806 Xylohypha (Fr.) E.W. Mason 1960 Xylohyphopsis W.A. Baker & Partr. 2000 Niaceae Jülich Yalomyces Nag Raj 1993 Peyronelina P.J. Fisher, J. Webster & D.F. Ybotromyces Rulamort 1986 Kane 1976* Yinmingella Goh, K.M. Tsui & K.D. Hyde 1999 Psathyrellaceae Vilgalys, Moncalvo & Ypsilina J. Webster, Descals & Marvanová Redhead 1999 Hormographiella Guarro & Gené 1992, Yuccamyces Gour, Dyko & B. Sutton 1979 Coprinellus P. Karst. 1879 Yunnania H.Z. Kong 1998 Rhacophyllus Berk. & Broome 1871, Zakatoshia B. Sutton 1973 anamorphic Coprinopsis P. Karst. 1881 Zanclospora S. Hughes & W.B. Kendr. (or Coprinus?) 1965 Zebrospora McKenzie 1991 Pleurotaceae Kühner Zelandiocoela Nag Raj 1993 Antromycopsis Pat. & Trab. 1897, Zelopelta B. Sutton & R.D. Gaur 1984 anamorphic Pleurotus (Fr.) P. Kumm. Zelosatchmopsis Nag Raj 1991 Nematoctonus Drechsler 1941, anamorphic Zelotriadelphia R.F. Castañeda, Saikawa, Hohenbuehelia Schulzer 1866 M. Stadler & Iturr. 2005 Zetesimomyces Nag Raj 1988 Tricholomataceae R. Heim ex Pouzar Zevadia J.C. David & D. Hawksw. 1995 Nothoclavulina Singer 1970, anamorphic Zilingia Petr. 1934 Arthrosporella Singer 1970 Zinzipegasa Nag Raj 1993 Tilachlidiopsis Keissl. 1924, anamorphic Zopheromyces B. Sutton & Hodges 1977 Dendrocollybia R.H. Petersen & Zunura Nag Raj 1993 Redhead 2001 Zygosporium Mont. 1842 Zythia Fr. 1849 Typhulaceae Jülich Zyxiphora B. Sutton 1981 Sclerotium Tode 1790, anamorphic Typhula (Pers.) Fr. 1818 Phylum BASIDIOMYCOTA R.T. Moore Agaricales, genera incertae sedis Subphylum AGARICOMYCOTINA Doweld Disporotrichum Stalpers 1984 Class Agaricomycetes Doweld Fibulochlamys A.I. Romero & Cabral Agaricales Underw. 1989*

52 Mycosphere

Atheliales Jülich Corticiaceae Herter Atheliaceae Jülich Chrysorhiza T.F. Andersen & Stalpers Fibulomyces Jülich 1972, anamorphic 1996, anamorphic Waitea Warcup & Taeniospora Marvanová 1977 P.H.B. Talbot 1962 Fibularhizoctonia G.C. Adams & Kropp Erythricium J. Erikss. & Hjortstam 1970 1996, anamorphic Athelia Pers. 1822 Marchandiomyces Dieder. & D. Hawksw. Sclerotium Tode 1790, anamorphic Athelia 1990, anamorphic Marchandiobasidium Pers. 1822* Diederich & Schultheis 2003 Taeniospora Marvanová 1977, anamorphic Michenera Berk. & M.A. Curtis 1868, Fibulomyces Jülich 1972 anamorphic Licrostroma P.A. Lemke 1964 Auriculariales, genera incertae sedis Tretopileus B.O. Dodge 1946 Oliveorhiza P. Roberts 1998, anamorphic Oliveonia Donk 1958 Hymenochaetales Oberw. Schizoporaceae Jülich Cantharellales Gäum Echinodia Pat. 1918, anamorphic Echino- Botryobasidiaceae Jülich poria Ryvarden 1980 Allescheriella Henn. 1897, anamorphic Botryobasidium Donk 1931 Hymenochaetales, genera incertae sedis Alysidium Kunze 1817, anamorphic Caeruleomyces Stalpers 2000 Botryobasidium Donk 1931 Haplotrichum Link 1824, anamorphic Polyporales Gäum. Botryobasidium Donk 1931 Fomitopsidaceae Jülich Ptychogaster Corda 1838, anamorphic Ceratobasidiaceae G.W. Martin Oligoporus Bref. 1888 Acanthellorhiza P. Roberts, anamorphic Sporotrichum Link 1809, anamorphic Heteroacanthella 1990 Laetiporus Murrill 1904 and Pycno- Ceratorhiza R.T. Moore 1987, anamorphic porellus Murrill 1905 Ceratobasidium D.P. Rogers 1935* Rhizoctonia DC. 1805 (and as Thana- Ganodermataceae Donk tophytum Nees 1816), anamorphic Heli- Thermophymatospora Udagawa, Awao & cobasidium Pat. 1885 and Thana- Abdullah 1986, anamorphic Ganoder- tephorus Donk 1956 ma P. Karst. 1881

Hydnaceae Chevall. Meruliaceae P. Karst. Burgoa Goid. 1938, anamorphic Sisto- Aegerita Pers. 1801, anamorphic Bulbillo- trema Fr. 1821 myces Jülich 1974 Ingoldiella D.E. Shaw 1972, anamorphic Bornetina L. Mangin & Viala 1903, Sistotrema Fr. 1821 anamorphic Diacanthodes Singer 1945 Osteomorpha G. Arnaud ex Watling & Sporotrichopsis Staplers (2000), anamor- W.B. Kendr. 1979, anamorphic Sisto- phic Abortiporus Murrill trema Fr. 1821 Phanerochaetaceae Jülich Tulasnellaceae Juel Erythricium J. Erikss. & Hjortstam 1970, Epulorhiza R.T. Moore 1987, anamorphic anamorph of Phanerochaete P. Karst. Tulasnella J. Schröt. 1888 1889 Sporotrichum Link 1809, anamorphic Cantharellales, genera incertae sedis Phanerochaete P. Karst. 1889 Minimedusa Weresub & P.M. LeClair 1971* Polyporaceae Fr. ex Corda Digitellus Paulet 1791, anamorphic Len- Corticiales K.H. Larss. tinus Fr. 1825

53 Mycelithe Gasp. 1841, anamorphic Poly- Aegeritina Jülich 1984, anamorphic porus P. Micheli ex Adans. 1763 Subulicystidium Parmasto 1968 Pachyma Fr. 1822, anamorphic Lentinus Fr. 1825, Macrohyporia I. Johans. & Agaricomycetes, genera incertae sedis Ryvarden 1979, Polyporus P. Micheli Akenomyces G. Arnaud ex D. Hornby ex Adans. 1763 and Wolfiporia Ryvar- 1984 den & Gilb. 1984 Arthrodochium R.F. Castañeda & W.B. Kendr. 1990 Russulales Kreisel ex P.M. Kirk, P.F. Cannon Arualis Katz 1980 & J.C. David Cenangiomyces Dyko & B. Sutton 1979 Bondarzewiaceae Kotl. & Pouzar Corticomyces A.I. Romero & S.E. López Spiniger Stalpers 1974, anamorphic Hete- 1989 robasidion Bref. 1888 Cruciger R. Kirschner & Oberw. 1999 Dendrosporomyces Nawawi, J. Webster & Echinodontiaceae Donk R.A. Davey 1977 Spiniger Stalpers 1974, anamorphic Lau- Ellula Nag Raj 1980 rilia Pouzar 1959 Fibulocoela Nag Raj 1978 Fibulotaeniella Marvanová & Bärl. 1988 Lachnocladiaceae D.A. Reid Geotrichopsis Tzean & Estey 1991 Spiniger Stalpers 1974, anamorphic Gloeosynnema Seifert & G. Okada 1988 Dichostereum Pilát 1926, Glomerulomyces A.I. Romero & S.E. López 1989 Stereaceae Pilát Glutinoagger Sivan. & Watling 1980 Aleurocystis Lloyd ex G. Cunn. 1956, Myriococcum Fr. 1823 Acaromyces Boekhout, Scorzetti, Gerson Nyctalina G. Arnaud 1952 & Sztejnb. 2003 Pagidospora Drechsler 1960 Aleurocystis Lloyd ex G. Cunn. 1956, Pycnovellomyces R.F. Castañeda 1987 anamorphic Licrostroma P.A. Lemke Riessia Fresen. 1852 1964 Riessiella Jülich 1985 Matula Massee 1888, anamorphic Aleu- Titaeella G. Arnaud ex K. Ando & Tubaki rocystis Lloyd ex G. Cunn.1956 1985 Tricladiomyces Nawawi 1985 Sebacinales M. Weiss, Selosse, Rexer, A. Urb.

& Oberw. Class Dacrymycetes Doweld Sebacinaceae K. Wells & Oberw. Dacrymycetales Henn. Craterocolla Bref. 1888 Dacrymycetaceae J. Schröt. Ditangium P. Karst. 1867, anamorphic Cerinosterus R.T. Moore 1987 Craterocolla Bref. 1888 Dacryoscyphus R. Kirschner & Zhu L. Chaetospermum Sacc. 1892, ?anamorphic Yang 2005 Efibulobasidium K. Wells 1975*

Opadorhiza T.F. Andersen & R.T. Moore Class Tremellomycetes Hibbett, Matheny, & 1996, anamorphic Sebacina Tul. & C. Manfr. Binder Tul. 1871 Cystofilobasidiales Fell, Roeijmans & Thelephorales Corner ex Oberw. Boekhout Thelephoraceae Chevall. Cystofilobasidiaceae K. Wells & Bandoni Parahaplotrichum W.A. Baker & Partr. Guehomyces Fell & Scorzetti 2004 2001, anamorphic Botryobasidium Rick Itersonilia Derx 1948 1959 Mrakiella Margesin & Fell 2008 Phaffia M.W. Mill., Yoney. & Soneda Trechisporales K.H. Larss. 1976, anamorphic Xanthophyllomyces Hydnodontaceae Jülich Golubev 1995

54 Mycosphere

Rhodozyma Phaff, M.W. Mill., Yoney. & Tremellomycetes, genera incertae sedis Soneda 1972, anamorphic Xanthophyl- Heteromycophaga P. Roberts 1997 lomyces Golubev 1995 Moniliella Stolk & Dakin 1966 Tausonia Babeva 1998 Trichosporonoides Haskins & J.F.T. Udeniomyces Nakase & Takem. 1992 Spencer 1967

Filobasidiales Jülich AGARICOMYCOTINA, genera incertae sedis Filobasidiaceae L.S. Olive Microstella K. Ando & Tubaki 1984 Cryptococcus Vuill. 1901, anamorphic Filobasidium L.S. Olive 1968 Subphylum PUCCINIOMYCOTINA R. Bauer, Begerow, J.P. Samp., M. Weiss & Tremellales Fr. Oberw Cuniculitremaceae J.P. Samp., R. Kirschner & Class Agaricostilbomycetes R. Bauer, Bege- M. Weiss row, J.P. Samp., M. Weiss & Oberw. Fellomyces Y. Yamada & I. Banno 1984 Agaricostilbales Oberw. & R. Bauer Kockovaella Nakase, I. Banno & Y. Agaricostilbaceae Oberw. & R. Bauer Yamada 1991 Bensingtonia Ingold 1986 Sterigmatosporidium G. Kraep. & U. Sterigmatomyces Fell 1966 Schulze 1983, anamorphic Cunicu- litrema J.P. Samp. & R. Kirschner 2001 Chionosphaeraceae Oberw. & Bandoni Kurtzmanomyces Y. Yamada, Itoh, H. Hyaloriaceae Lindau Kawas., I. Banno & Nakase 1989 Helicomyxa R. Kirschner & Chee J. Chen Mycogloea L.S.Olive 1950 2004 Class Atractiellomycetes R. Bauer, Begerow, Tremellaceae Fr. J.P. Samp., M. Weiss & Oberw. Bullera Derx 1930 Atractiellales Oberw. & Bandoni Bulleribasidium J.P. Samp., M. Weiss & R. Phleogenaceae Gäum. Bauer 2002 Basidiopycnides J. Reid, Eyjólfsd. & Bulleromyces Boekhout & Á. Fonseca Georg Hausner 2008, anamorphic Basi- 1991 diopycnis Oberw., R. Kirschner, R. Cryptococcus Vuill. 1901, anamorphic Bauer, Begerow & Arenal 2006* Filobasidiella Kwon-Chung 1976 Hormomyces Bonord. 1851, anamorphic Saccoblastiaceae Jülich Tremella Pers. 1794 Infundibura Nag Raj & W.B. Kendr. 1981 Hormomyces-like anamorphic Biatoropsis Räsänen 1934 Atractiellales, genera incertae sedis Tsuchiyaea Y. Yamada, H. Kawas., Itoh, I. Hobsonia Berk. ex Massee 1891 Banno & Nakase 1988 Leucogloea R. Kirschner 2004

Trichosporonaceae Nann. Class Classiculomycetes R. Bauer, Begerow, Asterotremella Prillinger, Lopandic & J.P. Samp., M. Weiss & Oberw. Sugita 2007 Classiculales R. Bauer, Begerow, Oberw. & Trichosporon Behrend 1890 Marvanová Tritirachium-like, anamorphic Neorehmia Classiculaceae Bauer, Begerow, Oberw. & Höhn. 1902 Marvanová Jaculispora H.J. Huds. & Ingold 1960 Tremellales genera incertae cedis Naiadella Marvanová & Bandoni 1987, Derxomyces F.Y. Bai & Q.M. Wang 2008 anamorphic Classicula R. Bauer, Bege- Hannaella F.Y. Bai & Q.M. Wang 2008 row, Oberw. & Marvanová 2003 Tremellina Bandoni 1986

55 Class Cryptomycocolacomycetes R. Bauer, Crucella Marvanová & Suberkr. 1990, Begerow, J.P. Samp., M. Weiss & Oberw. anamorphic Camptobasidium Marva- Cryptomycocolacales Oberw. & R. Bauer nová & Suberkr. 1990 Cryptomycocolacaceae Oberw. & R. Bauer Colacosiphon R. Kirschner, R. Bauer & Class Pucciniomycetes R. Bauer, Begerow, J.P. Oberw. 2001 Samp., M. Weiss & Oberw. Helicobasidiales R. Bauer, Begerow, J.P. Class Cystobasidiomycetes R. Bauer, Begerow, Samp., M. Weiss & Oberw. J.P. Samp., M. Weiss & Oberw. Helicobasidiaceae P.M. Kirk Erythrobasidiales, genera incertae sedis Thanatophytum Nees 1816, anamorphic Bannoa Hamam. 2002 Helicobasidium Pat. 1885 Erythrobasidium Hamam., Sugiy. & Ko- Tuberculina Tode ex Sacc. 1880, anamor- mag. 1988 phic Helicobasidium Pat. 1885

Class Microbotryomycetes R. Bauer, Begerow, Platygloeales R.T. Moore J.P. Samp., M. Weiss & Oberw. Eocronartiaceae Jülich Heterogastridiales Oberw. & R. Bauer Glomopsis D.M. Hend. 1961, anamorphic Heterogastridiaceae Oberw. & R. Bauer Herpobasidium Lind 1908 Hyalopycnis Höhn. 1918, anamorphic Heterogastridium Oberw. & R. Bauer Uncolaceae Buriticá 1990 Calidion Syd. & P. Syd. 1919

Leucosporidiales J.P. Samp., M. Weiss & R. Pucciniales Clem. & Shear Bauer Coleosporiaceae Dietel Leucosporidiaceae Jülich Chrysomyxa Unger 1840, ?anamorphic Leucosporidiella Samp. 2003 Peridermium (Link) J.C. Schmidt & Kunze 1817 Microbotryales R. Bauer & Oberw., genera incertae sedis Cronartiaceae Dietel Reniforma Pore & Sorenson 1990 Cronartium Fr. 1815, ?anamorphic Peridermium (Link) J.C. Schmidt & Sporidiobolales Doweld Kunze 1817 Sporidiobolaceae R.T. Moore Blastoderma B. Fisch. & Brebeck 1894, Phakopsoraceae Cummins & Hirats. f. anamorphic Sporidiobolus Nyland 1950 Aeciure Buriticá & J.F. Hennen 1994, Rhodomyces Wettst. 1885, anamorphic anamorphic Arthuria H.S. Jacks Sporidiobolus Nyland 1950 Milesia F.B. White 1878, anamorphic Sporobolomyces Kluyver & C.B. Niel Phakopsora Dietel 1895 but see 1924, anamorphic Sporidiobolus Ny- Milesina Magnus 1909* land 1950 Macabuna Buriticá & J.F. Hennen 1994 Malupa Y. Ono, Buriticá & J.F. Hennen Sporidiobolales, genera incertae cedis 1992 Ballistosporomyces Nakase, G. Okada & Physopella Arthur 1906, anamorphic Ce- Sugiy., in Nakase, Okada, Sugiyama, Itoh & rotelium Arthur 1906 and Phakopsora Suzuki 1989 Dietel 1895* Erythrobasidium Hamam., Sugiy. & Uredendo Buriticá & J.F. Hennen 1994, Komag. 1988, anamorphic Rhodospori- anamorphic Phakopsora Dietel 1895 dium Banno 1967 Uredostilbe Buriticá & J.F. Hennen 1994 Rhodotorula F.C. Harrison 1927, ana- morphic Rhodosporidium Banno 1967 Phragmidiaceae Corda Gerwasia Racib. 1909, anamorphic Cam- Microbotryomycetes, genera incertae sedis panulospora Salazar-Yepes, Pardo-

56 Mycosphere

Card. & Buriticá 2007, Morispora Savulescuella Cif. 1959, anamorphic Salazar-Yepes, Pardo-Card. & Buriticá Doassansia Cornu 1883 2007 and Scutelliformis Salazar-Yepes, Pardo-Card. & Buriticá 2007 Entylomatales R. Bauer & Oberw. Physonema Lév. 1847, anamorphic Phrag- Entylomataceae R. Bauer & Oberw. midium Link 1815 Entylomella Höhn. 1924, anamorphic Entyloma de Bary 1874 Puccineaceae Chevall. Tilletiopsis Derx 1948, anamorphic Enty- Caeoma Link 1809 loma de Bary 1874 and Melanotaenium Roestelia Rebent. 1804, anamorphic Gym- de Bary 1874 nosporangium R. Hedw. ex DC. 1805 Microstromatales R. Bauer & Oberw. Pucciniastraceae Gäum. ex Leppik Microstromataceae Jülich Milesia F.B. White 1878, anamorphic Sympodiomycopsis Sugiy., Tokuoka & Milesina Magnus 1909, but see Pha- Komag. 1991 kopsora Dietel 1895* Peridiopsora Kamat & Sathe 1969, Class Ustilaginomycetes R. Bauer, Oberw. & anamorphic Milesina Magnus 1909 Vánky Pomatomyces Oerst. 1864, anamorphic Urocystidales R. Bauer & Oberw. Thekopsora Magnus 1875 Glomosporiaceae Cif. Pucciniastrum G.H. Otth 1861, ?ana- Rhombiella Liro 1939, anamorphic Theca- morphic Peridermium (Link) J.C. phora Fingerh. 1836 Schmidt & Kunze 1817 Thecaphorella H. Scholz & I. Scholz 1988, anamorphic Thecaphora Fingerh. 1836 Uropyxidaceae Cummins & Y. Hirats. Canasta A.A. Carvalho & J.F. Hennen Ustilaginales G. Winter 2010, anamorphic Prospodium Arthur Anthracoideaceae Denchev 1907* Crotalia Liro 1938, anamorphic Anthra- coidea Bref. 1895 Pucciniales, genera incertae sedis Elateraecium Thirum., F. Kern & B.V. Cintractiellaceae Vánky Patil 1966, anamorphic Hiratsukamyces Naiadella Marvanová & Bandoni 1987, Thirum., F. Kern & B.V. Patil 1975 anamorphic Classicula R. Bauer, Intrapes J.F. Hennen & Figueiredo 1979 Begerow, Oberw. & Marvanová 2003 Uraecium Arthur 1933 Uredo Pers. 1801 Ustilaginaceae Tul. & C. Tul. Pseudozyma Bandoni 1985 Septobasidiales Couch ex Donk Ustilaginomycetes, orders incertae sedis Septobasidiaceae Racib. Johncouchia S. Hughes & Cavalc. 1983, Urocystidiales R. Bauer & Oberw. anamorphic Septobasidium Pat. 1892 Urocystidaceae Begerow, R. Bauer, & Oberw. Paepalopsis J.G. Kühn 1882, anamorphic Subphylum USTILAGINOMYCOTINA R. Urocystis Rabenh. ex Fuckel 1870 Bauer, Begerow, J.P. Samp., M. Weiss & Oberw. USTILAGINOMYCOTINA, order incertae Class Exobasidiomycetes Begerow, M. Stoll, sedis R. Bauer Malasseziales R.T. Moore Malassezia Baill. 1889 Exobasidiomycetes, orders incertae sedis Doassansiales R. Bauer & Oberw. BASIDIOMYCOTA, class incertae sedis Doassansiaceae R.T. Moore ex P.M. Kirk, P.F. Wallemiomycetes Zalar, de Hoog & Schroers Cannon & J.C. David Wallemiales Zalar, de Hoog & Schroers

57 Wallemiaceae R.T. Moore missing data in future issues. In future issues Wallemia Johan-Olsen 1887 we will also examine the literature from which connections are extracted to establish their BASIDIOMYCOTA, genera incertae sedis basis. Anastomyces W.P. Wu, B. Sutton & Gange Although we have used data from peer 1997 reviewed published data we have no way to Anguillomyces Marvanová & Bärl. 2000 confirm the validity of the species names used Arcispora Marvanová & Bärl. 1998 in various phylogenetic analyses. Where gene- ric types were sequenced we have stated this, Discussion but again it is not clear whether correct names The study reveals that there are approxi- have been applied to these taxa or whether they mately 2873 anamorphic genera names of are strains of type material (in most cases they which 699 genera and 94 anamorph-like genera are not). Because of their wide ranging occur- are linked to teleomorphic genera names, 447 rence as anamorphic ascomycota, we have only are linked to teleomorph families, orders or dealt with Phoma species when publications classes, while for about 1728 (60.25%) genera specifically resolve this genus. no teleomorph link is known. The naming of fungi has long been The data used in this compilation are problematic because of the dual nomenclature mostly from Index Fungorum, Species Fungo- system. The system was introduced because it rum and Kirk et al. (2008), plus publications was previously often impossible to link a during 2009 and 2010 that were available sexual form with the asexual form and there- before the manuscript was sent to press. Thus it fore there was a need to be able to name both is not inclusive and it is planned to improve the forms (Shenoy et al. 2007). There are extensive compilation in future issues. Take the case of discussions on this topic, which will not be Hysteriaceae in which four anamorphic genera repeated here, but they generally agree that the are listed (Acrogenospora, Aposphaeria, Ple- dual nomenclature system is becoming redun- nodomus, Septonema). Boehm et al. (2009a) dant and should be replaced with a modern however state that the coelomycetous pycnidial system using one name for a biological species states (e.g. Aposphaeria, Hysteropycnis) and (Shenoy et al. 2007, 2010). With the advent of dematiaceous hyphomycetous anamorphs (e.g. the molecular era it is often possible to link the Coniosporium, Septonema, Sirodesmium, Sph- anamorph with the teleomorph, and if there is aeronaema and Sporidesmium) have been no obvious teleomorph it is becoming increas- described for this family. Four anamorphs are ing feasible to establish the relationship of the listed for Mytilinidiaceae in this compilation anamorphic genus within the teleomorph taxo- (Camaroglobulus, Chalara-like, Papulaspora- nomic framework. like, Septonema-like), however Boehm et al. There are presently at least four schools (2009a) state that anamorphic states in the of though on how anamorphic genera and spe- family are primarily coelomycetous (e.g. Apo- cies names should be dealt with in the future sphaeria, Camaroglobulus, Dothiorella, Pyre- and the above compilation helps to reveal some nochaeta, Sclerochaeta) and less frequently of the problems associated with any approach. hyphomycetous (e.g. Chalara-like, Papula- The first school believes that only one name spora, Peyronelia, Septonema). It is obvious should be used for a biological species and that that similar linkages will be missing from other this name should follow the sexual state since entries. However, many anamorph/teleomorph this state has more biological significance. conections were recorded based on appearance Although this argument is compelling the my- of the two states in close proximity on a cological community must deal with important substate and the connection has not in- asexual genera that are very well known to the equiviqually been proven. It was also difficult wider scientific community (e.g. Aspergillus, to locate all new genera, especially data on Penicillium, Trichoderma), which would dis- anamorphic placement between the publication appear from usage, and perhaps make a ridicule of Kirk et al. (2008) and literature published of fungal taxonomic approaches. This could be before 2009. We hope to incorporate any overcome by conserving some of the important

58 Mycosphere anamorph or teleomorph names. A second Acremonium Link (1) school believes that the earliest introduced In a survey of mycotic skin and nail name should be used. Again this idea has merit lesions from humans in Chiriquí, Western but may mean that some well known genera Panama, a darkly pigmented Acremonium-like would disappear from usage; however conser- taxon was isolated. Morphological investiga- vation of certain names could also be applied to tion and phylogenetic analysis based on LSU solve this problem. The third school favour rDNA and ITS sequences revealed that this status quo, and again there is merit in keeping a species represents an undescribed member of system that does work, but is confusing to most the Plectosphaerellaceae. The species is des- within and outside the fungal taxonomic com- cribed as Acremonium collariferum because of munity. A fourth school has started to adopt its similarities to other Acremonium species these approaches. Several authors have des- and its distinct collarette (Weisenborn et al. cribed new teleomorphic genera and do not 2010). give names to the asexual states but describe them as part of the teleomorph species. The Acremonium-like (2) problem with this approach is that it is hard for Plishka et al. (2009) reported an Acremo- researchers to link a characteristic anamorph nium anamorph for Nigrosabulum globosum (i.e. those with a specific set of features) with a Malloch & Cain of Bionectriaceae, while teleomorph genus and such data does not get Lechat & Courtecuisse (2010) described a new entered in databases; thus we have tried to species of Ijuhya with an Acremonium-like include these in this compilation. Other authors anamorph. have introduced new anamorphic species and described the teleomorph state. This approach Acephala Grünig & T.N. Sieber (3) has generally been adopted where the anamor- Grünig et al. (2009) found that two phic name is better known to the scientific species clustered near Vibrissea (Vibrisseaceae) community or where the teleomorph name is while one unnamed species clustered near polyphyletic. Whichever of the above approa- Loramyces showing the polyphyletic nature of ches is most appropriate requires considerable this genus. debate and is not elaborated on here as it is not the purpose of the compilation. It will be Akanthomyces Lebert (4) several years before a consensus is reached; These spider pathogens formed a well however, there are moves ahead to promote supported subclade but were not linked to various approaches and the next few years will Torrubiella (Johnson et al. 2009). be interesting and perhaps controversial There has been a long tradition of not Ambrosiella Brader ex Arx & Hennebert (5) naming the anamorphic stages in the Basidio- Multigene phylogenetic analysis showed mycota (Kirschner & Oberwinkler 2009), this genus to have Ophiostoma and Gros- however many have been named and are listed mannia anamorphs (Massoumi Alamouti et al. in the compilation. 2009). Five species of Ambrosiella clustered in a novel clade within Ophiostoma, while two Notes (1-307) species clustered with Raffaelea and Drya- Notes are provided on recent published domyces and were related to Grosmannia. data on anamorphic taxa. Notes are provided if new data is published in relation to the phy- Ampelomyces Ces. ex Schltdl. (6) logeny, if changes in anamorph or teleomorph One species of this genus clustered in linkages have been revealed and if new genera Didymellaceae following multigene phyloge- are introduced. If well known connections are netic analysis (Averkamp et al. 2010). confirmed we may provide data from one or more publications, however, in many cases we Amplistroma Huhndorf, A.N. Mill., M. Greif did not cite these data as the known connec- & Samuels (7) tions are unchanged.

59 Huhndorf et al. (2009) described this Aposphaeria Sacc. (14) teleomorphic genus in Amplistromataceae with Aveskamp et al. (2010) confirmed one Acrodontium-like anamorphs. species belonged in Melanommataceae follow- ing multigene analysis. Ampullicephala R.F. Castañeda, Minter & M. Stadler (8) Aposphaeria-like (15) Castañeda Ruiz et al. (2009a) described Boehm et al. (2009a) described Gloniop- this new genus to accommodate Pleurothe- sis and the new teleomorph genus Hystero- ciopsis setiformis R.F. Castañeda. No teleo- brevium as having Aposphaeria-like anamor- morph relationship is known. phs.

Anaselenosporella Heredia, R.F. Castañeda & Aquaticheirospora Kodsueb & W.H. Ho (16) R.M. Arias (9) Shearer et al. (2009) showed the generic Castañeda Ruiz et al. (2010a) introduced type to be anamorphic Massarinaceae based on this new monotypic hyphomycete genus from phylogenetic analyses of SSU and/or LSU Mexico. No teleomorph relationship is known. genes.

Anguillospora Ingold (10) Arthrobotrys Corda (17) Shearer et al. (2009) showed the generic Li et al. (2009) described a new member type to be anamorphic Amniculicolaceae based of this genus as anamorphic Orbilia. on phylogenetic analyses of SSU and/or LSU genes. Aschersonia Mont. (18) Confirmed as anamorphic Moelleriella Antennariella Bat. & Cif. (11) (Tadych et al. 2009) and anamorphic Hypo- Crous et al. (2009a) showed one species crella (Mongkolsamrit et al. 2009). in this genus to be a member of Capnodiaceae in a phylogeny derived from partial LSU genes Ascochyta Lib. (19) indicating that the anamorphic genus may be Ascochyta pisi Lib. was linked to the polyphyletic as it has already been linked with teleomorph Didymella pisi Chilvers, J.D. Antennulariella in Antennulariellaceae. Chee- Rogers & Peever (Chilvers et al. 2009). wangkoon et al. (2009) introduced a new Aveskamp et al. (2010) noted the polyphyletic species in the genus in Capnodiales based on nature of this genus. LSU gene analysis. Aspergillus P. Micheli ex Link (20) Anthonectria Döbbeler (12) Two species of teleomorphic Neosar- Döbbeler (2010) introduced a new torya with anamorphs in Aspergillus section teleomorphic genus from the developing sporo- Fumigati were described by Yaguchi et al. phytes of Drepanolejeunea sp. which had a (2010). pulvinate anamorphic state with ramifying cylindrical conidiogenous cells and small Aureobasidium Viala & G. Boyer (21) globose colourless conidia. Suetrong et al. (2009) showed one species to be anamorphic Dothideaceae based Aplosporella Speg. (13) on phylogenetic analyses of four genes. Taylor et al. (2009) described a new species from Australia. The teleomorph is Asterosporium Kunze (22) unknown, however some species clustered Tanaka et al. (2010) transferred one basal to Botryosphaeriaceae. This genus has species in this genus to Prosthemium and found over 300 species and appears to be hetero- that another species lay in Diaporthales. The genous; therefore not all species are likely to type species was not used in this study. belong in Botryosphaeriaceae.

60 Mycosphere

Aurosphaeria Sun J. Lee, Strobel, Eisenman, Zhang et al. (2009) showed the generic Geary, Vargas & S.A. Strobel (23) type to be anamorphic Melanommataceae Lee et al. (2009) described this new based on phylogenetic analyses of five genes. endophytic pycnidial coelomycetous genus from the Bolivian Amazon. Molecular data Bhatia W.A. Baker & Morgan-Jones (31) provided no clues for the placement of this Gams et al. (2009) introduced this new taxon other than in the Ascomycota. hyphomycete genus to accommodate a species of Acrodictys which differs from other genera Bagadiella Cheewangkoon & Crous (24) in the Acrodictys complex. No teleomorph Cheewangkoon et al. (2009) introduced relationship is known. this genus for a single species from Eucalyptus. The phylogenetic placement is not clear Boeremia Aveskamp, Gruyter& Verkley (32) although it was related to Plectosphaera in This genus was introduced by Aveskamp Phyllachoraceae. The authors state that Baga- et al. (2010) to accommodate ten species and diella is similar to Cladorrhinum and is related ten varieties mostly based on combination of to Apiosordaria in Lasiosphaeriaceae and we Phoma species and varieties and is accom- have followed the latter classification here. modated in Didymellaceae.

Bahusutrabeeja Subram. & Bhat (25) Brachiosphaera Nawawi (33) Shenoy et al. (2010) found the type Shearer et al. (2009) conducted molecu- species is phylogenetically related to Neo- lar sequence-based phylogenetic analyses using deightonia (Botryosphaeriaceae). nuclear ribosomal sequences (SSU and/or LSU) and showed this to be anamorphic Aliquan- Barriopsis A.J.L. Phillips, A. Alves & Crous dostipitaceae, which comprise only freshwater (26) species. Abdollahzadeh et al. (2009) describe a second species in the genus and show this and Bruneosphaerella Crous (35) the generic type to be anamorphic Botryo- This teleomorphic genus was introduced sphaeriaceae based on molecular sequence by Crous et al. (2009a) and is a member of analysis. Mycosphaerellaceae in a phylogeny derived Basidiopycnides J. Reid, Eyjólfsd. & Georg from partial LSU gene analysis; the anamorph Hausner (27) was stated to be Coniothyrium-like and pos- Kirschner & Oberwinkler (2009) consi- sibly Phaeophloeospora. dered this monotypic genus to be identical with the hyphomycete anamorph of Basidiopycnis, Brycekendrickomyces Crous & M.J. Wingf. which is also monotypic. (35) Introduced by Crous et al. (2009d) to Batcheloromyces Marasas, P.S. van Wyk & accommodate a new hyphomycete genus from Knox-Dav. (28) Indonesia which clustered in Herpotrichiel- Crous et al. (2009b) showed the generic laceae based on LSU sequence analysis. type and one species clustered in Clade 2 of Teratosphaeriaceae, while one putative species Cadophora Lagerb. & Melin (36) clustered in Clade 4. It has a Catenulostroma Nekoduka et al. (2010) found that three synanamorph (Crous 2009). species of this genus clustered in Helotiales following ITS gene sequence analysis. Baudoinia J.A. Scott & Unter. (29) This is anamorphic Teratosphaeriaceae Cadophora-like (37) (Crous et al. 2009a,d) based on molecular Grünig et al. (2009) found this to be the sequence analysis. anamorph of Phaeomollisia. However, they could not distinguish clearly between Cado- Beverwykella Tubaki (30) phora and Phialocephala reporting interme- diate forms.

61 Canalisporium Nawawi & Kuthub. (38) Mycosphaerellaceae in a phylogeny derived Sri-indrasutdhi et al. (2010) described the from SSU, 5.8S rDNA and LSU analyses. new teleomorph genus Ascothailandia which produced a Canalisporium anamorph. Phylo- Chaetopsina Rambelli (45) genetic analysis of 18S and 28S rDNA se- Luo & Zhang (2010) introduced a new quences showed Ascothailandia, the generic teleomorphic genus Chaetopsinectria, which is type and nine other Canalisporium species to distinct from Cosmospora and has Chaetopsina belong in Hypocreomycetidae. anamorphs.

Canasta A.A. Carvalho & J.F. Hennen (39) Chaetosphaeronema Moesz (46) This anamorphic genus (Carvalho & Zhang et al. (2009) showed one species Hennen 2010) was described to accommodate to be anamorphic Phaeosphaeriaceae based on species closely related to Prospodium (Uropy- phylogenetic analyses of five genes. xidaceae) Cheirosporium L. Cai & K.D. Hyde (47) Capnobotryella Sugiy. (40) Shearer et al. (2009) showed the generic Crous et al. (2009a,d) confirmed the type to be anamorphic Massarinaceae based on generic type to be anamorphic Teratosphae- phylogenetic analyses of SSU and LSU genes. riaceae based on molecular sequence analysis. Chrysosporium Corda (48) Catenulifera Hosoya (41) Nováková & Kolařik (2010) described a Bogale et al. (2010) confirmed this genus new species of this genus in Onygenales from to be anamorphic Hyphodiscus with all species bat guano in caves. They showed by rDNA analysed clustering in a monophyletic clade sequence analysis that the species was possibly with morphologically similar species of Phia- a relative of Renispora, while C. chiropterorum lophora, with the exception of P. hyalina. Two Beguin & Larcher was linked to Polytolypa. species of Phialophora were transferred to Catenulifera and one new species was des- Cibiessia Crous (49) cribed. The phylogenetic positions of Catenu- Crous et al. (2009b) showed that two lifera and Hyphodiscus within the Helotiales strains of the generic type and two other spe- could not be resolved. cies clustered with Readeriella clade of Teratosphaeriaceae. Catenulostroma Crous & U. Braun (42) Crous et al. (2009a,b) confirmed the Cladophialophora Borelli (50) generic type and five other species to be Koukol (2010) isolated a strain of this anamorphic Teratosphaeriaceae based on genus from pine litter which was treated as a partial LSU gene analysis. new species, C. matsushimae Koukol. A 28S rDNA data matrix showed this strain to be Cercospora Fresen. (43) basal in Cladophialophora confirming the Crous et al. (2009a,d) showed seven polyphyly of the genus. species in this genus to be members of Myco- sphaerellaceae in a phylogeny derived from Chaetospermum Sacc. (51) SSU, 5.8S rDNA and LSU analyses. Kirschner & Oberwinkler (2009) found evidence to support the relationship between Cercosporella Sacc. (44) this genus and the basidiomycete Efibuloba- Kirschner (2009) showed species in this sidium. genus to cluster in Mycosphaerellaceae with one species close to Ramularia and others Chalara (Corda) Rabenh. (52) close to Mycosphaerella and Pseudocerco- Phyogenetic relationships of 26 strains of spora. Crous et al. (2009a,d) showed one Chalara and allied genera were investigated by species in this genus to be a member of analysis of rDNA (Cai et al. 2009a). Most

62 Mycosphere

Chalara strains clustered in a strongly sup- the teleomorph stage was not formed and is ported monophyletic lineage across a wide unknown. They argued that it is unnessecary to range of Helotiales, while a few strains seemed introduce these new species under the ana- close to Xylariales, however, the generic type morphic name (Chrysoporthella) as this has strain was not used in this study. They also confused understanding of species in the genus. suggest that the phenotypes of Chalara-like To further ensure a stable and less confusing species have multiple evolutionary origins. taxonomy for Chrysoporthe, the authors com- bine the only anamorphic species (Chrysopor- Chaetasbolisia Speg. (53) thella hodgesiana Gryzenh. & M.J. Wingf.) Aveskamp et al. (2010) found the generic linked to the genus as Chrysoporthe hodge- type to cluster in Didymellaceae in a multigene siana (Gryzenh. & M.J. Wingf.) Chungu, phylogenetic analysis. Gryzenh. & M.J. Wingf. This encourages the use of a one name system for the genus. Chaetochalara B. Sutton & Piroz. (54) Cai et al. (2009a) showed this genus to be Chrysosporium Corda (60) phylogenetically inseparable from Chalara Liang et al. (2009a) described a new with strains clustering in Helotiales and Xyla- species in the genus. ITS sequence data riales, however, they did not use the generic confirmed that this and other species used in type strain in their study. the phylogenetic analysis have a close phylo- genetic relationship with the teleomorph genus Chaetosphaeronema Moesz (55) Aphanoascus. Gruyter et al. (2010) proposed a new combination to this genus, which along with C. Cirrenalia Meyers & R.T. Moore (61) hispidulum (Corda) Moesz, is anamorphic The type species Cirrenalia macro- Phaeosphaeriaceae. cephala (Kohlm.) Meyers & R.T. Moore was well placed in the Halosphaeriaceae while Chalastospora E.G. Simmons (56) other taxa were assigned to other genera Crous et al. (2009e) showed the generic (Abdel-Wahab et al. 2010). type and four other taxa in the genus to be Cladosporium Link (62) anamorphic Pleosporaceae based on analysis The generic type and two species in this of LSU sequence data. genus were shown to be members of Davi-

diellaceae in a phylogeny derived from five Chasakopama Manohar., Bagyan., N.K. Rao genes (Schoch et al. 2009). Crous et al. (2009a) & Kunwar (57) also demonstrated that four species of Clado- Introduced by Manoharachary et al. sporium were members of Davidiellaceae in a (2009) for a new hyphomycete genus charac- phylogeny derived from three genes. terized by discrete, polyblastic, denticulate conidiogenous cells and single campanulate Claviradulomyces P.R. Johnst., D.C. Park, H.C. condia with two dark bands. No teleomorph Evans, R.W. Barreto & D.J. Soares (63) relationship is known. Evans et al. (2010a) introduced this teleo- morph new genus in Odontotremataceae for a Cheiroidea W.A. Baker & Morgan-Jones (58) discomycete from Western Africa. A putative Gams et al. (2009) introduced this new pycnidial anamorph was consistently associat- hyphomycete genus to accommodate a species ed with the gall-like eruptions, often together of Acrodictys primarily based on its peculiar with the teleomorph. The conidia were mor- cheiroid conida. No teleomorph relationship is phologically similar to the ascospores but a known. link was not confirmed as cultures were not derived from single ascospores. Chrysoporthe Gryzenh. & M.J. Wingf. (59) Chungu et al. (2010) described two Collophora Damm & Crous (64) anamorphic stem canker pathogens under the Damm et al. (2010) introduced this new teleomorph name Chrysoporthe even though coelomycetous genus with five new species

63 which they placed in Leotiomycetes based on Gams et al. (2009) validated this new sequence analysis. The isolates were from hyphomycete genus to accommodate a species Prunus trees and resembled Lecythophora but of Acrodictys primarily based on its peculiar were distinguishable morphologically and phy- cheiroid conida. No teleomorph relationship is logenetically. known.

Colletogloeopsis Crous & M.J. Wingf. (65) Crucellisporium M.L. Farr (72) Crous et al. (2009b) showed by analysis Marincowitz et al. (2010) showed this to of LSU sequence data that six species clustered be anamorphic Helotiales. in Clade 4 of Teratosphaeriaceae with Terato- sphaeria sensu stricto. Cryomyces Selbmann, de Hoog, Mazzaglia, Friedmann & Onofri (73) Colletotrichum Corda (66) Ruibal et al. (2009) confirmed that two Cai et al. (2009b), Damm et al. (2009) species inhabiting rocks were anamorphic and Hyde et al. (2009) extensively reviewed Dothideomycetes. this genus with links to the Glomerella teleo- morphs supported by molecular phylogenetic Cryptosporiopsis Bubák & Kabát (74) analysis, while Prihastuti et al. (2009) and Cheewangkoon et al. (2010) described Yang et al. (2009) described the Glomerella two new species in the genus that they teleomorph state for some species. considered belonging to Dermateaceae.

Conidioxyphium Bat. & Cif. (67) Cumulospora I. Schmidt (75) Schoch et al. (2009) and Crous et al. Both species of this genus clustered in (2009a) showed one species in this genus to be Lulworthiales, Lulworthiaceae with Cumulo- a member of Capnodiaceae in a phylogeny spora marina I. Schmidt linked to an unknown derived from combined analysis of five genes Lulworthia species and Cumulospora varia or from partial LSU genes. Chatmala & Somrith. 2004 (as Moromyces varius) grouping with Lulwoana uniseptata Coniella Höhn. (68) (Nakagiri) Kohlm., Volkm.-Kohlm., J. Campb., Cheewangkoon et al. (2010) confirmed Spatafora & Gräfenhan 2005 (Abdel-Wahab et one species to be a member of Schizoparma- al. 2010). ceae. Custingophora Stolk, Hennebert & Klopotek Coniosporium Link (69) (76) Sert & Sterflinger (2010) described a Kolařik & Hulcr (2009) accepted a new species of Coniosporium from historical broader concept for Custingophora when they marble monuments which judged by SSU combined Knoxdaviesia. They described a new phylogeny data belonged to Chaetothyriales species of Gondwanamyces and listed the and was related to Mycocalicium Vain. ex anamorph as Custingophora-like. Reinke. Ruibal et al. (2009) found that two species inhabiting rocks were anamorphic Cylindrocladium Morgan (77) Dothideomycetes indicating the genus is poly- Lombard et al. (2010) provided a mono- phyletic. graph of Calonectria and its Cylindrocladium anamorph. Coniothyrium Corda (70) Aveskamp et al. (2010) used four species Cyphellophora G.A. de Vries (78) in this genus in a multigene phylogeny of Crous et al. (2009e) confirm the place- Phoma species which clustered in four separate ment of this genus in Chaetothyriaceae based clades indicating the polyphyletic nature of this on LSU gene sequence analysis. genus. The generic type clustered in the Leptosphaeriaceae/Pleosporaceae clade. Cystocoleus Thwaites (79) Ruibal et al. (2009) showed the generic Corynesporina Subram. (71) type is anamorphic Teratosphaeriaceae.

64 Mycosphere

Cytospora Ehrenb. (80) Diplodia Fr. (88) Fotouhifar et al. (2010) examined the Begoude (2010) studied Botryosphae- associated teleomorphs of this genus in Iran, riaceae associated with Terminalia catappa which clustered with Leucostoma and Valsa and phylogenetic analysis confirmed placement species. of Diplodia.

Davisoniella H.J. Swart (81) Dissoconiaceae Crous & de Hoog (89) Crous (2009) list this as anamorphic This family was introduced in Capno- Teratosphaeriaceae. diales for taxa with Mycosphaerella-like teleo- morphs and Dissoconium anamorphs based on Dematophora-like (82) two-gene phylogenetic analyses using nucSSU Takemoto et al. (2009) introduced a new and nucLSU rDNA (Crous et al. 2009a). species of Rosellinia with a Dematophora-like anamorph with synnemata and conspicuously Dissoconium de Hoog, Oorschot & Hijwegen cicatrized and geniculate conidiophores. (90) Crous et al. (2009a,d) confirmed the Dendryphiella Bubák & Ranoj. (83) generic type and four species to be anamorphic Shearer et al. (2009), Suetrong et al. Dissoconiaceae based on partial LSU gene (2009) and Zhang et al. (2009a) showed analysis. species in this genus to be anamorphic Pleo- sporaceae based on phylogenetic analyses of Dothiorella Sacc. (91) various genes. Two new species are described in the genus in a paper on Botryosphaeriaceae from Devriesia Seifert & N.L. Nick. (84) Australia. The teleomorph is stated as assumed Crous et al. (2009a,d) confirmed four to be Dothidotthia based on phylogenetic species to be anamorphic Teratosphaeriaceae analysis (Taylor et al. 2009) and if this was the based on partial LSU gene analysis. Koukol case the genus should belong in Dothido- (2010) found a strain from pine litter that thiaceae? Zhang et al. (2009b) described a new clustered with D. americana Crous & Dugan in species from Populus in China with a Teratosphaeriaceae. Frank et al. (2010) des- Spencermartinsia teleomorph. cribed a new species in the genus which is shown to be paraphyletic, and to represent Dothistroma Hulbary (92) several lineages of which only Devriesia s.str. Crous et al. (2009a,d) showed two is thermotolerant. They suggested that further species in this genus to be members of collections are required, before the latter gene- Mycosphaerellaceae in a phylogeny derived ric complex can be resolved. from SSU, 5.8S rDNA and LSU analyses.

Diatrypasimilis J. Zhou & Kohlm. (85) Diplosporonema Höhn. (93) This new teleomorphic genus was des- This genus was described as new to cribed with a Selenosporella-like anamorph by Turkey and it was noted to be the anamorph of Chalkley et al. (2010). Pyrenopezia (Erdoǧdu & Hüseyin 2009)

Dictyosporium Corda (86) Drechslerella Subram. (94) Crous et al. (2009e) showed one species Yu et al. (2009) described a new species in Pleosporaceae incertae sedis based on LSU in this genus as anamorphic Orbilia. gene sequence analysis. Dryadomyces Gebhardt (95) Diplococcium Grove (87) Massoumi Alamouti et al. (2009) showed Shenoy et al. (2010) referred the generic this is anamorphic Grosmannia and possibly type to Helotiales and a second species to forms a monophyletic clade with some Ambro- Pleosporales showing that the genus does not siella species and Raffaelea. represent a natural grouping.

65 Echinoconidiophorum Pereira-Carv. & Madrid et al. (2010a) described a new Dianese (96) species in this genus that is related to members This new genus was introduced by of gilled Agaricales. Pereira-Carvalho et al. (2009) to accommodate a Brazilian hyphomycetous species growing on Flahaultiella Seifert (105) living leaves of Gomidesia. No taxonomic Gams et al. (2009) introduced this genus placement was given. for Flahaultia G. Arnaud 1951, which is preoccupied by a red alga. They suspected this Edenia M.C. González, Anaya, Glenn, is a mycoparasite and not the anamorph of Saucedo & Hanlin (97) Sebacina sp., as had sometimes been thought, Crous et al. (2009d) showed the generic as they were unable to culture it. No taxonomic type to be anamorphic Pleosporaceae based on placement was given. LSU gene data analysis. Foliocryphia Cheewangkoon & Crous (106) Eladia G. Sm. (98) Cheewangkoon et al. (2010) introduced Although this genus is regarded as a this monotypic genus that clustered within synonym of Penicillium (Kirk et al. 2008), Cryphonectriaceae based on phylogenetic ana- Jiang & Zhang (2009) described two new lysis. species in the genus. Fontanospora Dyko (107) Elotespora R.F. Castañeda & Heredia (99) Two strains were included in molecular This remarkable new genus was intro- phylogenetic analysis and clustered in Fonta- duced by Castañeda Ruiz et al. (2010b). It has nospora clade 1 in Vasicosporium clade 1 in minute cupulate conidiomata in which a single Helotiales (Campbell et al. 2009). muriform conidium is formed. It was not linked to any teleomorph. Friedmanniomyces Onofri (108) Endogenospora R.F. Castañeda, O. Morillo & Schoch et al. (2009) showed that the two Minter (100) known species in this genus are anamorphic Castañeda Ruiz et al. (2010c) introduced Teratosphaeriaceae in a phylogeny derived this new monotypic hyphomycete genus from from five genes. Venuzuala. No teleomorph relationship is known. Fumagospora G. Arnaud (109) Crous et al. (2009a) showed one species Endothiella Sacc. 1906 (101) in this genus to be a member of Capnodiaceae Cheewangkoon et al. (2010) confirmed in a phylogeny derived from partial LSU gene one species in this genus to be Schizopar- analysis. maceae. Fusarium Link (110) Epicoccum Link (102) A new genus Cyanonectria was intro- Aveskamp et al. (2010) reinstated this duced to accommodate Nectria cyanostoma genus to accommodate the generic type and Sacc. & Flageolet which has a Fusarium two Phoma species, which they formerly tran- anamorph (Samuels et al. 2009). The authors sferred. Multigene phylogenetic analysis show- consider that Fusarium morphology in not ed the genus to lie in Didymellaceae. monophyletic and state that “whether Fusarium is dismantled into newly revived and described Fecundostilbum Prameela & Chowdhry (103) genera, or whether they are referred to the Devi (2009) introduced this new anamor- corresponding teleomorph name, the genus phic genus with no known taxonomic place- name Fusarium in its current broad sense has ment. limited phylogenetic significance”. Schroers et al. (2009) discovered a new lineage of Fu- Fibulochlamys A.I. Romero & Cabral (104) sarium comprising the F. dimerum group that

66 Mycosphere was not linked to any teleomorph but clustered trichomes of living leaves of Eriosema No in Nectriaceae. taxonomic placement was given.

Fusicladium Bonord. (111) Glomerulispora Abdel-Wahab, Abdel-Aziz & Seyran et al. (2010) showed that the Nagahama (118) teleomorph of F. effusum G. Winter was Ven- Abdel-Wahab et al. (2010) introduced turia inaequalis (Cooke) G. Winter using this genus for a marine hyphomycete from analysis of the mitochondrial cytochrome b Egypt with helicospores, which differs from gene. Koukol (2010) also introduced three new Moheitospora in smaller sized and larger species of this genus in the Venturiaceae. number of conidial cells. The taxa clustered close to Torpedospora which may be the Gabarnaudia Samson & W. Gams (112) teleomorph in the clade named TBM and was The relationship with Sphaeronaemella included in the Hypocreales incertae sedis was confirmed by Jung et al. (2010). along with this genus.

Geosmithia Pitt (113) Gnomoniopsis Berl. (119) The characters of this genus appear in This status of this teleomorphic genus several different genera of ambrosia fungi in was reconfirmed and pycnidial anamorphs different lineages in Ophiostomatales (Raffael- were confirmed in culture for some species lea, Dryadomycyes), Micorascales (Ambrosiel- (Walker et al. 2010). The pycnidia range from la) and Saccharomycetales and appears to hyaline to cream, yellow or light brown, back represent an optimal phenotype for this habit and even pink and conidia ranged from oval to (Kolařík & Kirkendall 2010). The new species fusiform, globose, femur-shaped and lacked or described in this paper represented new had varying numbers of guttules. Unfortunately lineages in Ascomycota. no illustrations were provided.

Gibellula Cavara (114) Goidanichiella G.L. Barron ex W. Gams (120) Gibellula was linked to Torrubiella and Gams et al. (2009) validated this genus was shown to be specific to spiders in a which had been wrongly typified. The taxo- monophyletic clade (Johnson et al. 2009) nomic placement is unknown.

Gliomastix Guég. (115) Graphiopsis Trail (121) Lechat et al. (2010) described a new Crous et al. (2009a) showed one species species of Hydropisphaera with a Gliomastix in this genus to be a member of Davidiellaceae anamorphic state. No teleomorph had pre- in a phylogeny derived partial LSU genes. viously been linked to Gliomastix and the ge- nus can now be accomodated in Bionectriaceae. Graphium Corda (122) Grobbelaar et al. (2009) confirmed this to Globoconidiopsis G.F. Sepúlveda, Pereira- be the anamorph of Ophiostoma, while Kolařík Carv. & Dianese (116) & Hulcr (2009) gave details of a Graphium sp., This new genus was introduced by but did not formally describe it. Pereira-Carvalho et al. (2009) to accommodate a Brazilian hyphomycetous species growing on Halazoon Abdel-Aziz, Abdel-Wahab & trichomes of living leaves of Brysonima. No Nagahama (123) taxonomic placement was given. This genus was introduced for a marine hyphomycete genus from Egypt with brown Globoconidium G.F. Sepúlveda, Pereira-Carv. helicoid conidia. Phylogenetic analysis showed & Dianese (117) it to form a well-supported monophyletic group This new genus was introduced by along with Cirrenalia fusca I. Schmidt with Pereira-Carvalho et al. (2009) to accommodate two Lulworthia species in the Lulworthiales, a Brazilian hyphomycetous species growing on Lulworthiaceae (Abdel-Wahab et al. 2010).

67 Halenospora E.B.G. Jones (124) Hirsutella Pat. (131) Jones et al. (2009a) introduced this new Phylogenetic analysis confirmed this marine hyphomycete genus to accommodate a genus to be anamorphic Ophiocordyceps Zalerion species which grouped with Glarea (Johnson et al. 2009). Johnson et al. (2009) lozoyensis Bills & Peláez in Leotiaceae. also introduced a new ascomycetous genus Orbiocrella in Clavicipitaceae with a Hir- Halosigmoidea Nakagiri, K.L. Pang & E.B.G. sutella-like anamorph. The anamorph however Jones (125) is atypical of Hirsutella and did not cluster Introduced by Jones et al. (2009b) to with other Hirsutella species. They concluded accommodate species of Sigmoidea with Co- that the genus should have a narrow definition rollospora teleomorphs. that is phylogenetically informative. The Hir- sutella-like anamorph of Moelleriella was also Haradamyces Masuya, Kusunoki, Kosaka & confirmed (Tadych et al. 2009). Evans et al. Aikawa (126) (2010b) described two new species in this A new anamorphic genus was introduced genus from the red ant and Zou et al. (2010) for a Myrioconium-like taxon causing zonate describe a single species and all were anamor- leaf blight disease of Cornus florida in Japan phic Ophiocordyceps in Ophiocordycipitaceae. (Masuya et al. 2009). Molecular analysis placed it in the Sclerotiniaceae, Leotiomycetes. Hormonema Lagerb. & Melin (132) Talgø et al. (2010) reported that Hormo- Helgardia Crous & W. Gams (127) nema dematioides Lagerb. & Melin is ana- Nekoduka et al. (2010) found that two morphic Sydowia polyspora (Bref. & Tavel) E. species of this genus clustered in Helotiales Müll. (Dothioraceae) and is important in following ITS gene sequence analysis along current season needle necrosis of Abies spp. with the teleomorph Oculimacula. Hortaea Nishim. & Miyaji (133) Helminthosporiomyces G.F. Sepúlveda, Crous et al. (2009a) confirmed one Pereira-Carv. & Dianese (128) species to be anamorphic Teratosphaeriaceae This new genus was introduced by based on partial LSU gene analysis. Pereira-Carvalho et al. (2009) to accommodate a Brazilian hyphomycetous species growing on Houjia G.Y. Sun & Crous (134) trichomes of living leaves of Davilla. No Yang et al. (2010) describe two new taxonomic placement was given. species in this new hyphomycetous genus which they placed in Capnodiales based on Helminthosporium Link (129) phylogenetic analysis. Suetrong et al. (2009) showed the generic type and one other species to be anamorphic Hyalorhinocladiella H.P. Upadhyay & W.B. Massarinaceae based on phylogenetic analyses Kendr. (135) of four genes. Jacobs et al. (2010) confirmed this to be the anamorph of Ophiostoma. Hendersonia Berk. (130) Although Hendersonia is regarded as a Hydea K.L. Pang & E.B.G. Jones (136) synonym of Stagonospora it contains many This genus was introduced to accom- species that are still accommodated in the modate the hyphomycetous Cirrenalia pygmea genus and thus needs a thorough revision. Kohlm., which has brown helicoid conidia Morin et al. (2010) described a new teleomorph distinguished by its relatively large apical cell. genus Austropleospora with a Hendersonia The genus did not group with any other anamorph which is Camarosporium-like and Lulworthiales, Lulworthiaceae forming a clustered in Pleosporales in molecular phylo- monophyletic clade (Abdel-Wahab et al. 2010). genetic analysis.

68 Mycosphere

Kirramyces J. Walker, B. Sutton & Pascoe (Coniochaetaceae, Coniochaetales) with Lecy- (137) thophora anamorphs from Prunus wood. Crous et al. (2009b) showed by analysis of LSU sequence data that four species Lepisticola W. Gams (145) clustered in Clade 4 of Teratosphaeriaceae This genus was introduced as a new with Teratosphaeria sensu stricto. name for the illegitimate name Harziella Costantin & Matr. 1899 by Gams et al. (2009). Kumanasamuha P.Rag. Rao & D. Rao (138) The taxonomic placement is unclear. A new anamorphic species was described for this genus by Nagao et al. (2009) and found Leptodontidium de Hoog (146) to be an anamorph of the type of Chorioactis in Nekoduka et al. (2010) found that one Chorioactidaceae. species of this genus clustered in Helotiales following ITS gene sequence analysis along Lacazia Taborda, V.A. Taborda & McGinnis with the teleomorph Oculimacula. (139) Leptographium Lagerb. & Melin (147) Vilela et al. (2009) showed that Lacazia Jacobs et al. (2010) confirmed this to be is an anamorphic taxon that is distinct from the anamorph of Ophiostoma. Harrington et al. Paracoccidioides in the Ajellomycetaceae. (2010) provided a discussion of the merit of

Ophiostoma species with Leptographium ana- Lasiodiplodia Ellis & Everh. (140) morphs being recognized as a separate genus, Begoude (2010) studied Botryosphae- Grosmannia, concluding that the current phylo- riaceae associated with Terminalia catappa genetic analyses are ambiguous. and phylogenetic analysis confirmed placement of Lasiodiplodia in this family. Leptoxyphium Speg. (148)

Schoch et al. (2009) and Crous et al. Lecanicillium W. Gams & Zare (141) (2009a) showed one species in this genus to be Johnson et al. (2009) confirmed by a member of Capnodiaceae in a phylogeny phylogenetic analysis that this is anamorphic derived from combined five gene or LSU gene Cordyceps. Sukarno et al. (2009) described analysis. Cheewangkoon et al. (2010) intro- three new species in the genus from Indonesia. duced a new species that clustered in Capno- They adopted this genus, even though it is diales in LSU gene analysis. paraphyletic, because it is a convenient genus for characterizing Verticillium-like species Mackenziella Yanna & K.D. Hyde (149) whose teleomorphs have not yet been dis- This nom. nov. was introduced in Gams covered. et al. (2009) to accommodate Mackenziea Yanna & K.D. Hyde 2002, which is a homo- Lecanosticta Syd. (142) nym of Mackenziea Nees 1847. The taxonomic Crous et al. (2009a,d) showed one placement is unclear. species in this genus to be a member of Myco- sphaerellaceae in a phylogeny derived from Macrophomina Petr. (150) SSU, 5.8S rDNA and LSU analyses. Suetrong et al. (2009) showed the generic type to be anamorphic Botryosphaeriaceae Lemonniera De Wild. (143) based on phylogenetic analyses of four genes. Shearer et al. (2009) showed one species in this genus to be anamorphic Pleosporaceae Manoharachariella Bagyan., N.K. Rao & based on phylogenetic analyses of SSU and/or Kunwar (151) LSU genes. This new genus producing solitary, doliform, dictyospetate conidia was introduced Lecythophora Nannf. (144) from India by Bagyanarayana et al. (2009). The Damm et al. (2010) described two new taxonomic placement is unclear although listed species of the teleomorph genus Coniochaeta as Dothideomycetes in Index Fungorum.

69 Mariannaea G. Arnaud ex Samson (152) position was determined by means of 18S and Cai et al. (2010) described a new species 28S rDNA sequence analysis and suggested of this genus confirming its affinity with that Micronematobotrys is a member of Pyro- Nectriaceae. nemataceae.

Matsusporium E.B.G. Jones & K.L. Pang (153) Microsphaeropsis Höhn. (160) This genus was introduced to accom- Aveskamp et al. (2010) showed the modate the hyphomycetous Cirrenalia tropi- generic type to be anamorphic Didymellaceae calis Kohlm., which has brown helicoid coni- following multigene phylogenetic analysis. dia. The genus clustered adjacent to Lulworthia grandispora Meyers in the Lulworthiales, Microxiphium (Harv. ex Berk. & Desm.) Lulworthiaceae (Abdel-Wahab et al. 2010). Thüm. (161) Schoch et al. (2009), Crous et al. (2009a) Melanops Nitschke ex Fuckel (154) and Ruibal et al. (2009) showed species in this Phillips & Alves (2009) epitypified this genus to be members of Capnodiaceae in a teleomorph genus which has Fusicoccum-like phylogeny derived from molecular analysis anamorphs and clusters in Botryosphaeriaceae indicating that this genus is polyphyletic as it in phylogenetic analysis. has already been linked to Dennisiella in Coccodiniaceae. Merimbla Pitt (155) Peterson et al. (2010) described several Milesia F.B. White (162) species in Hamigera with Merimbla anamor- Salazar-Yepes (2009) described a new phic states. species of Phakopsora with a Milesia anamorph. Metarhizium Sorokīn (156) A new species of Metacordyceps (teleo- Minimedusa Weresub & P.M. LeClair (163) morphic genus) with a Metarhizium anamorph Cheewangkoon et al. (2009) introduced a was introduced by Li et al. (2010). new combination and phylogenetic analysis of the LSU gene showed it to cluster in Cantha- Microcyclospora Jana Frank, Schroers & rellales. Crous (157) This new genus was introduced with Miuraea Hara 1948 (164) three new species causing sooty blotch on fruit. Crous et al. (2009a) showed one species Molecular phylogenetics analysis showed the in this genus to be a member of Mycosphae- genus to cluster in Mycosphaerellaceae (Frank rellaceae in a phylogeny derived from SSU, et al. 2010). 5.8S rDNA and LSU analyses.

Microcyclosporella Jana Frank, Schroers & Moheitospora Abdel-Wahab, Abdel-Aziz & Crous 2010* (158) Nagahama (165) Frank et al. (2010) described this new Abdel-Wahab et al. (2010) introduced monotypic Pseudocercosporella-like genus for this genus for a marine hyphomycete from species causing sooty blotch on apple which is Egypt with helicospores, which differed from accommodated in Mycosphaerellaceae accord- Cirrenalia species in smaller conidial cells. ing to molecular phylogenetic analysis. The taxa clustered close to Juncigena in the clade named TBM and was included in the Micronematobotrys Xiang Sun & L.D. Guo Hypocreales incertae sedis along with this (159 genus. They also transferred Cirrenalia adarca Sun & Guo (2010) introduced this Kohlm., Volkm.-Kohlm & O.E. Erikss. to Mo- hyphomycete genus for an endophyte isolated heitospora establishing the link to Juncigena from Quercus and Ulmus west of Beijing. This adarca Kohlm., Volkm.-Kohlm & O.E. Erikss. genus differed from other Botrytis-like genera in having micronematous conidiophores and Moleospora Abdel-Wahab, Abdel-Aziz & coloured verrucose conidia. The phylogenetic Nagahama (166) 70 Mycosphere

This genus was introduced for a marine Shenoy et al. (2010) found this genus to hyphomycete genus on Phragmites from Egypt be related to Diaporthales. with young brown helicoid conidia which eventually become a contorted mass of cells. Neofusicoccum Crous, Slippers & A.J.L. Phylogenetic analysis showed it to form a well- Phillips (175) supported monophyletic group in the Lul- Begoude (2010) studied Botryosphae- worthiales, Lulworthiaceae (Abdel-Wahab et riaceae associated with Terminalia catappa al. 2010). and phylogenetic analysis confirmed placement of Neofusicoccum in this family. They have Monotosporella S. Hughes (167) Botryosphaeria-like teleomorphs (Taylor et al. Zhang et al. (2009a) showed one species 2009). to be anamorphic Melanommataceae based on phylogenetic analyses of five genes. Neosetophoma Gruyter, Aveskamp & Verkley (176) Moromyces Abdel-Wahab, K.L. Pang, Gruyter et al. (2010) described this new Nagahama, Abdel-Aziz & E.B.G. Jones (168) genus which is close to Phoma section, but Abdel-Wahab et al. (2010) introduced differ in morphology and molecular phylogeny. this genus to accommodate two Cumulospora This is anamorphic Phaeosphaeriaceae. It dif- species based on phylogenetic data. This fers in having yellowish conidia that are helicosporous hyphomyceteus genus clustered attenuate at one end and a Stagnosporopsis basal to Lulwoana uniseptata and Zalerion synanamorph. maritima (Linder) Anastasiou in the Lulwor- thiaceae, Lulworthiales. Neottiosporina Subram. (177) Zhang et al. (2009a) showed one species Mycelephas R.F. Castañeda (169) to be anamorphic Massarinaceae based on Gams et al. (2009) introduced this phylogenetic analyses of five genes. hyphomycete genus as a nom. nov. for Arnol- diella R.F. Castañeda 1984. No teleomorph Nodulisporium Preuss (178) relationship is known. Platas et al. (2009) confirm that several Mycochaetophora Hara & Ogawa (170) species in this genus are anamorphic Hypo- Nekoduka et al. (2010) recollected M. xylon. gentianae Tak. Kobay., Kasuyama & Nasu of this genus and found it to cluster in Helotiales. Nodulisporium-like (179) Zare et al. (2010) described a new Mycogelidium W.Y. Zhuang (171) species of Coniolariella with a Nodulisporium- Kirschner & Oberwinkler (2009) showed like anamorph. this genus, which had been described as the sole member of a new family Mycogelidiaceae, Oidium Link (180) Atractiellales in Basidiomycota, to be anamor- Takamatsu et al. (2009) conifrmed this as phic Capnodiales, possibly Capnodiaceae. anamorphic Golovinomyces and Neoerysiphe.

Mycosphaerellaceae Lindau (172) Paecilomyces Bainier (181) There are many more anamorphic genera Samson et al. (2009) confirmed the link listed in Kirk et al. (2008) than in Crous (2009) between Paecilomyces and Byssochlamys and this group needs revision. based on analysis of three genes, Byssochlamys comprised nine species with five forming the Nawawia Marvanová (173) teleomorph, while four are asexual Crous et al. (2009f) described a new species which clustered with Chaetosphaeria Paliphora Sivan. & B. Sutton (182) species in molecular phylogenetic analysis. Shenoy et al. (2010) found this to be anamorphic Chaetosphaeriaceae. Natarajania Pratibha & Bhat (174)

71 Paraconiothyrium Verkley (183) the polyphyletic nature of this anamorphic Schoch et al. (2010) confirmed this as form. anamorphic Montagnulaceae following phylo- genetic analysis. Periconiella Sacc. (190) Crous et al. (2009a) showed two species Paraisaria Samson & B.L. Brady (184) in this genus to be a member of Myco- Evans et al. (2010b) described a new sphaerellaceae in a phylogeny derived from species in this genus from the red ant that were partial LSU gene analysis. anamorphic Ophiocordyceps in Ophiocordy- cipitaceae. Pesotum J.L. Crane & Schokn. (191) Grobbelaar et al. (2009) confirmed this to Paraphoma Morgan-Jones & J.F. White (185) be the anamorph of Ophiostoma. Phoma section Paraphoma, Pyreno- chaeta and Pleurophoma were studied by Petromyces Malloch & Cain (192) Gruyter et al. (2010) using SSU and LSU Horn et al. (2009a) described the sexual sequence data. Phoma section Paraphoma was state of Aspergillus parasiticus Speare as highly polyphyletic and distantly related to Petromyces parasiticus B.W. Horn, I. Carbone Phoma section Phoma. Phoma radicina (Mc- & Ramirez-Prado, and Horn et al. (2009b) Alpine) Boerema, the type of Phoma section described the sexual state of A. flavus Link. as Paraphoma is anamorphic Phaeosphaeriaceae. Petromyces flavus B.W. Horn, I. Carbone & G.G. Moore. Parastenella J.C. David (186) Kirschner & Chen (2010) describe a new Peyronellaea Gold. ex Togliani (193) species in this genus which clusters in The section Peyronellaea was studied by Mycosphaerellaceae in phylogenetic analysis. Aveskamp et al. (2009) and phylogenetic results were unable to support the section as a Passalora Fr. 1849 (187) taxonomic entity. The section is typified by the Crous et al. (2009a) showed twelve production of dictyochlamydospores but this species to be members of Mycosphaerellaceae feature has developed or was lost many times in a phylogeny derived from SSU, 5.8S rDNA during the evolution of Phoma. Likely teleo- and LSU analyses and one unidentified species morphs were Didymella (Didymellaceae), Lep- to be anamorphic Teratosphaeriaceae based on tosphaeria (Leptosphaeriaceae), while another partial LSU gene analysis indicating the poly- group had no associated teleomorphs in Pleo- phyletic nature of this anamorphic form which sporales. Aveskamp et al. (2010) however, is also anamorphic Mycosphaerella (Myco- reinstated the genus when they used a multi- sphaerellaceae). gene phylogenetic analysis to test the relation- ship of a large number of Phoma taxa. Penicillium Link (188) Peterson & Horn (2009) introduced two Peyronelina P.J. Fisher, J. Webster & D.F. new Penicillium species, which cluster Kane (194) amongst Eupenicillium species, indicating rela- A species of Peyronelina grew in tionships of the anamorphs and teleomorphs of association with a Flagelloscypha-like basidio- these genera. Peterson et al. (2010) combined a mycete on decayed wood near a stream (Ya- Hamigera with a Talaromyces species, listing a maguchi et al. 2009). Phylogenetic analysis Penicillium anamorph. based on partial LSU sequences showed it to cluster in the Flagelloscypha clade, nested Penidiella Crous & U. Braun (189) within the Nia clade of Hymenomycetes. Crous et al. (2009a,c,d) confirmed the generic type and five other species to be Phacellium Bonord. (195) anamorphic Teratosphaeriaceae and one spe- Crous et al. (2009a) confirmed one cies to be a member of Mycosphaerellaceae species to be anamorphic Teratosphaeriaceae based on partial LSU gene analysis indicating based on partial LSU gene analysis indicating

72 Mycosphere the polyphyletic nature of this anamorphic Teratosphaeriaceae based on partial LSU gene form, which is also thought to be anamorphic analysis. It is not clear if some species are Mycosphaerella (Mycosphaerellaceae). anamorphic Mycosphaerella (Mycosphaerella- ceae) as previously recorded. Phaeobotryon Theiss. & Syd. (196) This genus was reinstated by Phillips et Phaeothecoidiella Batzer & Crous (203) al. (2008) and comprises four species. Abdol- Yang et al. (2010) described two new lahzadeh et al. (2009) described a further species in this new anamorphic genus which species for the genus and showed two species they placed in Dothideomycetes following to be anamorphic Botryosphaeriaceae based on phylogenetic analysis. molecular sequence analysis. Phialocephala W.B. Kendr. (204) Phaeocandelabrum R.F. Castañeda, Heredia, Grünig et al. (2009) analyzed sequence Saikawa (197) data from several species in this genus and This new genus with complex brown found them to be scattered in the Helotiales. conidia was introduced by Castañeda Ruiz et al. One example was the anamorph of their newly (2009b) with three species. No teleomorph introduced Phaeomollisia, while others clust- relationship is known. ered near Loramyces, Mollisia and Vibrissea species indicating the polyphyletic nature of Phaeomoniella Crous & W. Gams (198) this genus. Wang et al. (2009) also described a Damm et al. (2010) describe four new new species of this genus in the Helotiales. species in this genus. Rossman et al. (2010) showed the generic type belongs in a novel Phialophora-like, anamorphic Neobulgaria lineage of Chaetothyriomycetidae, Eurotiomy- Petr. 1921 (205) cetes using combined phylogenetic analysis of Johnston et al. (2010) described a new four genes. species of Neobulgaria which stains vascular tissues of kiwifruit and has a Phialophora-like Phaeophleospora Rangel (199) anamorph. Crous et al. (2009a,d) showed four spe- cies in this genus to be members of Myco- Phialophorophoma Linder 1944 (206) sphaerellaceae in a phylogeny derived from Aveskamp et al. (2010) showed one partial LSU gene analysis and Crous et al. species (P. littoralis) to be related to Cucur- (2009b) also showed one Phaeomoniella–like bitariaceae following phylogenetic analysis. species to cluster in Clade of Teratosphae- riaceae. Phoma Sacc. (207) Aveskamp et al. (2010) used a multigene Phaeosclera Sigler, Tsuneda & J.W. Carmich. phylogenetic analysis to test the relationship of (200) a large number of Phoma taxa. Phoma species Ruibal et al. (2009) showed the generic clustered in six distinct clades in Pleosporales type inhabiting rocks is anamorphic Myrian- and was highly polyphyletic. Most species giales. including the generic type clustered in Didy- mellaceae. Two species of Phoma clustered in Phloeospora Wallr. (201) Sporormiaceae (Aveskamp et al. 2010) and Crous et al. (2009a) showed one species their status as Phoma species should be recon- in this genus to be a member of Myco- sidered; similarly two species clustered in sphaerellaceae in a phylogeny derived from Cucurbitariaceae. In the same study, six SSU, 5.8S rDNA and LSU analyses. species of Phoma were retrieved in Phaeo- sphaeriaceae, eleven in the Leptosphaeria- Phaeothecoidea Crous (202) ceae/Pleosporaceae clade and seven in the Crous et al. (2009a,d) confirmed the Didymellaceae clade, the latter incorporating generic type and two species to be anamorphic the generic type of Phoma.

73 Phragmoconidium G.F. Sepúlveda, Pereira- rellaceae in a phylogeny derived from SSU, Carv. & Dianese (208) 5.8S rDNA and LSU analyses. This new genus was introduced by Pereira-Carvalho et al. (2009) to accommodate Pseudocercosporella Deighton (217) a Brazilian hyphomycetous species growing on Crous et al. (2009a) showed three taxa in trichomes of Emotum. No taxonomic place- this genus to be members of Mycosphae- ment was given. rellaceae and one species to be anamorphic Teratosphaeriaceae in a phylogeny derived Physopella Arthur (209) from SSU, 5.8S rDNA and LSU analyses Salazar-Yepes & Carvalho (2009) des- indicating the possible polyphyletic nature of cribed a new species of Cerotelium with a this anamorphic form which is also anamorphic Physopella anamorph. Mycosphaerella (Mycosphaerellaceae). Frank et al. (2010) introduced an epitype for the Pilidiella Petr. & Syd. (210) genus. Cheewangkoon et al. (2010) confirmed two species in this genus to be Schizopar- Pseudoplagiostoma Cheewangkoon, M.J. maceae. Wingf. & Crous (218) Cheewangkoon et al. (2010) introduced Plenodomus Preuss (211) this teleomorph genus to accommodate the Boehm et al. (2009b) mentioned the generic type Cryptosporiopsis eucalypti Sanka- connection of this genus with the teleomorph ran & B. Sutton and two other species, which genus Psiloglonium. was accommodated in the new family Pseu- doplagiostomaceae (Diaporthales). The teleo- Pleurophoma Höhn. (212) morph was only known in the generic type. Aveskamp et al. (2010) showed one species to be related to Cucurbitariaceae Pseudoramichloridium Cheewangkoon & following phylogenetic analysis. Crous (219) Cheewangkoon et al. (2009) introduced Polyschema H.P. Upadhyay (213) this new genus with two new species. The Shenoy et al. (2010) found the generic genus resembles Ramichloridium and is placed type and three other taxa species to represent a in Teratosphaeriaceae following phylogenetic monophyletic lineage in Pleosporales. analysis.

Polythrincium Kunze (214) Pseudorobillarda M. Morelet (220) Crous et al. (2009a,d) showed one Suetrong et al. (2009) showed the generic species in this genus to be a member of type and two other species to be anamorphic Mycosphaerellaceae in a phylogeny derived Dothideomycetes based on phylogenetic analy- from partial LSU gene analysis, while Simon et ses of four genes. al. (2009) confirmed P. trifollii to be the anamorph of Cymadothea. Pseudotaeniolina J.L. Crane & Schokn. (221) Crous et al. (2009a) confirmed the one Prosthemium Kunze (215) species to be anamorphic Teratosphaeriaceae The phylogenetic placement of several in a phylogeny derived from SSU, 5.8S rDNA species in this genus was investigated and and LSU analyses. found to be anamorphic Pleomassaria lying basal, but within Melanommataceae (Tanaka et Pseudotetraploa Kaz. Tanaka & K. Hirayama al. 2010). (222) Tanaka et al. (2009) introduced this new Pseudocercospora Speg. (216) anamorphic genus in Tetraplosphaeriaceae Crous et al. (2009a,d) showed 27 taxa in based on SSU and LSU combined sequence this genus to be members of Mycosphae- analyses with three new species. No teleo- morph is known.

74 Mycosphere

Pyrenochaeta De Not. 1849 (223) phic Teratosphaeriaceae based on partial LSU Gruyter et al. (2010) confirmed that gene analysis indicating the polyphyletic nature several species in this genus are anamorphic of this anamorphic form. Cucurbitariaceae. Herpotrichia parasitica, which is known to have a Pyrenochaeta ana- Ramichloridium-like (230) morph clustered basally in Cucurbitariaceae. Réblová & Štěpánek (2009) introduced a new genus Tectonidula (Sordariomycetes, Pyrenochaetopsis Gruyter, Aveskamp & genera incertae sedis) with Ramichloridium- Verkley (224) like and Sporothrix-like anamorphs. Gruyter et al. (2010) described this new genus to accommodate several species former- Ramoacrodictys G.Z. Zhao (231) ly accommodated in Pyrenochaeta and Phoma. This new genus was introduced to The genus is close to Pyrenochaeta and be- accommodate a species previously described in longs in Cucurbitariaceae. It is distinguished Acrodictys (Zhao et al. 2009). No familial by setose pycnidia as in Pyrenochaeta but has placement was given. Phoma-like conidiogenous cells. Ramophialophora M. Calduch, Stchigel, Gené Quadricrura Kaz. Tanaka, K. Hirayama & Sat. & Guarro (232) Hatak. (225) Madrid et al. (2010a) described a new Tanaka et al. (2009) introduced this new species in this genus, which occurs in Sorda- anamorphic genus in Tetraplosphaeriaceae riales and possibly Lasiosphaeriaceae. They based on SSU and LSU combined sequence also discussed the placement of Cladorrhinum. analyses with three new species. No teleo- morph is known. Ramularia Unger (233) Kirschner (2009) showed species in this Rachicladosporium Crous, U. Braun & C.F. genus to cluster in Mycosphaerellaceae. Crous Hill (226) et al. (2009a) showed six taxa in this genus to Crous et al. (2009a) described a new be members of Mycosphaerellaceae in a species in this genus and showed two species to phylogeny derived from partial LSU gene be members of Davidiellaceae in a phylogeny analysis. derived from partial LSU genes. Ramulispora Miura (234) Racodium Pers. (227) Crous et al. (2009a,d) showed one Ruibal et al. (2009) showed the one species in this genus to be a member of species is anamorphic Capnodiales. Mycosphaerellaceae in a phylogeny derived from SSU, 5.8S rDNA and LSU analyses. Raffaelea Arx & Hennebert (228) Kolařik & Hulcr (2009) described a new Rattania Prabhugaonkar & Bhat (235) species in the genus, which lies within the This new sporodochial hyphomycete was Ophiostomataceae and is closest to an Ambro- described to accommodate an endophytic hy- siella sp., while Massoumi Alamouti et al. phomycete from Calamus in India (Prabhu- (2009) showed this is anamorphic Grosmannia. gaonkar & Bhat 2009). Shenoy et al. (2010) Harrington et al. (2010) regarded Raffaelea as found this to be anamorphic Chaetosphaeriales. the proper asexual genus for cycloheximide- tolerant symbionts of ambrosia beetles with Readeriella Syd. & P. Syd. (236) Ophiostoma teleomorphs. Crous et al. (2009a,d) confirmed 16 species to be anamorphic Teratosphaeriaceae Ramichloridium Stahel ex de Hoog (229) based on partial LSU gene analysis, while Crous et al. (2009a,d) confirmed five Crous et al. (2009b) showed three strains of the taxa in this genus to be members of Myco- generic type and one other species to sit in sphaerellaceae, four species to be anamorphic Clade 1 of Teratosphaeriaceae. Dissoconiaceae and one species to be anamor-

75 Repetoblastiella R.F. Castañeda, Minter & M. The genus of Xylariaceae was described Stadler (237) with Nodulosporium-like and Sporothrix-like Castañeda Ruiz et al. (2010d) introduced anamorphs (Stadler et al. 2010). this new monotypic hyphomycete genus from Mexico. No teleomorph relationship is known. Sarcinomyces Lindner (246) Ruibal et al. (2009) showed the generic Repetophragma Subram. (238) type inhabiting rocks is anamorphic Myrian- Suetrong et al. (2009) showed one giales. species to be anamorphic Pleosporales based on phylogenetic analyses of four genes. Scedosporium Sacc. ex Castell. & Chalm. (247) The link with Pseudallescheria was Rhabdospora-like (239) confirmed by Rainer & Kaltseis (2010) when Rossman et al. (2010) redescribe a describing three new species. species in the teleomorph genus Dolabra which had been given the invalid anamorph name, Sclerostagonospora Höhn. (248) Rhabdospora nepheliae. Combined Possibly anamorphic Didymosphaerella phylogenetic analysis of four genes showed it Cooke (Montagnulaceae) but link shown by to belong in a novel lineage of Eurotiomycetes. occurrence with the teleomorph and not proven (Chlebicki 2009). Rhexocercosporidium U. Braun (240) Nekoduka et al. (2010) found that the Sclerotium Tode (249) generic type and one species of this genus Xu et al. (2010) assessed the phylogene- clustered in Helotiales following ITS gene tic placement of eight Sclerotium taxa. Two sequence analysis. species previously thought to be Basidiomycota clustered with Ascomycota and had affinities Rhodoveronaea Arzanlou, W. Gams & Crous with the teleomorph genera Sclerotinia and (241) Stromatinia along with a third Sclerotium Réblová (2009) found the teleomorph of species already known to be Ascomycota. The this genus and phylogenetic analysis showed in other Sclerotium species were placed in Basi- to be in Sordariomycetidae and not Annulata- diomycota and clustered with Athelia (3 taxa) scaceae. or Ceratobasidium (2 species); the latter two species were transferred to Ceratorhiza which Rhynchosporium Heinsen ex A.B. Frank (242) is the known anamorph of Ceratobasidium Nekoduka et al. (2010) found that two species. species of this genus clustered in Helotiales following ITS gene sequence analysis. Scytalidium Pesante (250) Kang et al. (2010) described two species Rhytisma Fr. (243) in this genus as anamorphic Xylogone, which Three new species of this teleomorph clustered with the generic type in a distinct genus were described by Suto (2009) and all clade in Leotiomycetes. species produced minute conidia in conidio- mata. These, however, never germinated in Setophoma Gruyter, Aveskamp & Verkley repeated experiments and were regarded as (251) spermogonia and spermatia. Gruyter et al. (2010) described this new genus, which is close to Phoma section Para- Rostrohypoxylon J. Fourn. & M. Stadler (244) phoma, but differs in morphology and molecu- The genus of Xylariaceae was described lar phylogeny. The genus lies in Phaeosphae- with Virgariella-like and Sporothrix-like ana- riaceae. morphs (Fournier et al. 2010a). Septoria Sacc. (252) Ruwenzoria J. Fornier, M. Stadler, Læssøe & A new species of the teleomorphic genus C. Decock (245) Mycosphaerella was described by Lima et al. (2009) with a Septoria anamorph. Crous et al.

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(2009a,d) showed seven taxa in this genus to This teleomorphic genus was reported to be members of Mycosphaerellaceae in a produce ampulliform phialides on irregularly phylogeny derived from SSU, 5.8S rDNA and branched conidiophores directly on ascomata LSU analyses. or on surrounding hyphae (Vujanovic & Goh 2009) Septoidium G. Arnaud (253) Chaverri & Gazis (2010) described a new Sporidesmajora Batzer & Crous (261) species of Perisporiopsis with Septoidium Yang et al. (2010) described this mono- macro- and microconidial anamorphs. typic new hyphomycete genus which they place in Capnodiales based on phylogenetic Septonema Corda (254) analysis. Boehm et al. (2009a) described a new teleomorphic genus Oedohysterium with Septo- Sporidesmium Link (262) nema anamorphs. Crous et al. (2009a) confirmed one species to be anamorphic Teratosphaeriaceae Septosporiopsis W.A. Baker & Morgan-Jones based on partial LSU gene analysis indicating (255) the polyphyletic nature of this anamorphic Gams et al. (2009) introduced this new form which is also anamorphic Mycosphaerella hyphomycete genus to accommodate a species (Mycosphaerellaceae). Boehm et al. (2009a) of Acrodictys which differs from other genera mentioned the link with the teleomorph Psilo- in the Acrodictys complex. No teleomorph glonium Höhn. 1918 relationship is known. Sporothrix Hektoen & C.F. Perkins (263) Simplicillium W. Gams & Zare (256) Grobbelaar et al. (2009) confirmed this to Two species from this genus were the be the anamorph of Ophiostoma. Zanzot et al. first diverging lineages of Corycipitaceae (2010) and Madrid et al. (2010b) also described (Johnson et al. 2009) but their occurrence as a new species of Ophiostoma with Sporothrix hyperparasites of Torrubiella and not ana- anamorphs. morphs cannot be dismissed. Sporothrix-like (264) Sirodesmium De Not. (257) Réblová & Štěpánek (2009) introduced a Ruibal et al. (2009) showed one species new genus Tectonidula (Sordariomycetes, inhabiting rocks is anamorphic Pleosporales. genera incertae sedis) with Ramichloridium- like and Sporothrix-like anamorphs. Sonderhenia H.J. Swart & J. Walker (258) Crous et al. (2009a,d) showed two taxa in Stagonospora (Sacc.) Sacc. (265) this genus to be members of Mycosphae- Zhang et al. (2009a) showed one species rellaceae in a phylogeny derived from partial to be anamorphic Lentitheciaceae based on LSU gene analysis. phylogenetic analyses of five genes, indicating the polyphyletic nature, while Aveskamp et al. Spadicoides S. Hughes (259) (2010) showed one species to be anamorphic Shenoy et al. (2010) found the generic Phaeosphaeriaceae. type to be associated with Porosphaerella species as sister taxa to the Coniochaetales and Stagonosporopsis Died. (266) not in Helminthosphaeriaceae. Two other Aveskamp et al. (2010) emended this species also clustered in Sordariomycetes genus with 19 species and two varieties and incertae sedis, while a fourth species clustered showed it to belong in Didymellaceae follow- in Pleosporales indicating the polyphyletic ing multigene phylogenetic analysis. nature of the genus. Staninwardia B. Sutton (267) Sphaerodes Clem. (260) Crous et al. (2009a,d) confirmed one species to be anamorphic Teratosphaeriaceae

77 based on partial LSU gene analysis indicating Taeniolella S. Hughes (275) the probable polyphyletic nature of this ana- Shearer et al. (2009) showed one species morphic form which is also anamorphic Chae- in this genus to be anamorphic Lindgomyce- tothyriales. taceae based on phylogenetic analyses of SSU and/or LSU genes. Stemphylium Wallr. (268) The teleomorphs of this genus where Taifanglania Z.Q. Liang, Y.F. Han, H.L. Chu known are anamorphic Pleospora and this was & R.T.V. Fox (276) confirmed by Inderbitzin et al. (2009). This genus was introduced by Liang et al. (2009b) for Paecilomyces–like species in Stenella Syd. (269) Chaetomiaceae based in ITS and SSU gene Crous et al. (2009a,d) confirmed one sequence data analysis. species to be anamorphic Teratosphaeriaceae in a phylogeny derived from SSU, 5.8S rDNA Teratosphaeria Syd. & P. Syd. (277) and LSU analyses indicating the polyphyletic Crous et al. (2009b) introduced several nature of this anamorphic form which is also species in this teleomorphic genus where the anamorphic Mycosphaerella (Mycosphaerella- sexual characters are unknown and the species ceae). is only known by its anamorphic characters but were linked to Teratosphaeria by molecular Stigmina Sacc. (270) data. They synonymised taxa previously ac- Crous et al. (2009a) showed a Stigmina commodated in the anamorphic genera Colle- synanamoprh to be a member of Mycosphae- togloeopsis, Coniothyrium, Kirramyces and rellaceae in a phylogeny derived from SSU, Readeriella. 5.8S rDNA and LSU analyses. Tetraploa Berk. & Broome (278) Strelitziana Arzanlou & Crous (271) Tanaka et al. (2009) introduced the new Zhang et al. (2009c) introduced a new teleomorph genus Tetraplosphaeria (Tetraplo- species in this genus as anamorphic Chaetothy- sphaeriaceae) to accommodate this genus riales with no teleomorph connection. which has four setose appendages, including the generic type, which was supported by SSU Symphyosira Preuss (272) and LSU combined sequence analyses. A See entry under Symphyosirella Seifert. similar anamorph with only three setose appen- dages was found in Triplosphaeria, while in Symphyosirella Seifert (273) Polyplosphaeria the Tetraploa-like conidia had This genus was proposed by Gams et al. three to eight setose appendages. (2009) to solve the problem of the missing type of Symphyosira Preuss 1853 and was intro- Thedgonia B. Sutton (279) duced to accommodate two relatively well Crous et al. (2009e) and Nekoduka et al. understood Symphyosira species, which are (2010) found that the generic type of this genus obligate parasites of seeds and have Symphyo- clustered in Helotiales following LSU and ITS sirina teleomorphs, but not the type S. lutea gene sequence analysis. Preuss that is excluded. Thedgonia-like (280) Synnemacrodictys W.A. Baker & Morgan- Crous et al. (2009a) showed this taxon to Jones (274) be a member of Mycosphaerellaceae in a Gams et al. (2009) introduced this new phylogeny derived from SSU, 5.8S rDNA and hyphomycete genus to accommodate a species LSU analyses. of Acrodictys which differed from other genera in the Acrodictys complex in having synne- Torula Pers. (281) matous conidiomata and lack of percurrent Zhang et al. (2009a) showed one species proliferation of the conidiogenous cells. No to be anamorphic Massariaceae based on teleomorph relationship is known. phylogenetic analyses of five genes.

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Toxicocladosporium Crous & U. Braun (282) The genus is reinstated with two species Crous et al. (2009a,c) showed the generic and found to be occur in a basal clade of type plus five species in this genus to be Dothideomycetes (Tsui & Berbee 2010). members of Davidiellaceae in a phylogeny derived from partial LSU genes. Tulipispora Révay & Gönczöl (290) Révay et al. (2009) described this genus Tricladium Ingold 1942 (283) from submerged, decaying wood. Conidia Campbell et al. (2009) studied 16 species superficially resemble those of Triscelophorus of this genus and molecular phylogenetic and Triramulispora species, but the taxon analysis showed it to be polyphyletic with differs somewhat in the conidial morphology species clustering in distinct five clades with and especially in the ontogeny. the generic type, Tricladium splendens Ingold, clustering in clade 1 of the Helotiales. Other Ulocladium Preuss 1851 (291) species clustered in clades 2-4 of Helotiales Runa et al. (2009) found that ten Ulocla- while T. caudatum Kuzuha clustered in Rhytis- dium species clustered in a core Ulocladium matales. clade with all taxa possessing the key diag- nostic feature of obovoid conidia. A. cheiranthi Trichothecium-like (284) (Lib.) P.C. Bolle and E. indefessa E.G. Doveri et al. (2010) described the teleo- Simmons, which did not have this feature, also morph Rodentomyces with a Trichothecium- clustered in this group. The status of the genus like anamorph. as an independent lineage basal to the core Alternaria clade was strongly supported. Two Trichomatoclava G.F. Sepúlveda, Pereira-Carv. Ulocladium species clustered in a sister clade & Dianese (285) to the core Ulocladium indicating some mem- This new genus was introduced by bers of the genus are polyphyletic. No teleo- Pereira-Carvalho et al. (2009) to accommodate morph genera were used in their analysis but a Brazilian hyphomycetous species growing on the taxa can be placed in the Pleosporaceae trichomes of Parinari. No taxonomic place- with Alternaria. ment was given. Varicosporina Meyers & Kohlm. (292) Trichomatosphaera Pereira-Carv., G.F. Sepúl- A new teleomorph species Corollospora veda & Dianese (286) anglusa Abdel-Wahab & Nagahama was This new genus was introduced by described by Abdel-Wahab et al. (2009) and Pereira-Carvalho et al. (2009) to accommodate was linked to the anamorph state Varicospo- a Brazilian hyphomycetous species. No taxo- rina which was also described as a new species nomic placement was given. V. anglusa Abdel-Wahab & Nagahama.

Tripospermum Speg. (287) Varicosporium W. Kegel (293) Crous et al. (2009a) confirmed one Phylogenetic analysis showed this genus species to be anamorphic Teratosphaeriaceae was polyphyletic and clustered in three distinct based on partial LSU gene analysis indicating clades in Helotiales (Campbell et al. 2009). the probable polyphyletic nature of this ana- The generic type, V. elodeae W. Kegel, morphic form which is also thought to be clustered in Varicosporium clade 1 which anamorphic Capnodiaceae. included one Hymenoscyphus species.

Trochophora R.T. Moore (288) Variocladium Descals & Marvanová (294) Crous et al. (2009e) positioned this genus Phylogenetic analysis showed this genus in Mycosphaerellaceae following analysis of clustered in Helotiales (Campbell et al. 2009). LSU gene sequences. Veramycella G. Delgado (295) Troposporella P. Karst. (289) This new genus was introduced for a taxon from dead palm leaves possessing a

79 unique combination of features (Delgado 2009). Crous et al. (2009e) showed this genus to The conidia are distinctive in having 3- belong in Dothideomycetes incertae sedis and distoseptate, subhyaline to pale olivaceous, not Mycosphaerellaceae in LSU gene sequence polymorphic conidia formed by polyblastic, analysis. sympodial conidiogenesis. The placement of the genus is unknown. Xylomyces Goos, R.D. Brooks & Lamore (304) Shearer et al. (2009) conducted molecu- Verrucisporota D.E. Shaw & Alcorn (296) lar sequence-based phylogenetic analyses using Crous et al. (2009a,d) showed a possible nuclear ribosomal sequences (SSU and/or LSU) strain of the generic type and one other taxon and showed this to be anamorphic Aliquando- in this genus to be members of Mycosphae- stipitaceae, which comprise only freshwater rellaceae in a phylogeny derived from partial species. LSU gene analysis. Zalerion R.T. Moore & Meyers (305) Virgariella-like (297) Zalerion maritima (Linder) Anastasiou Fournier et al. (2010b) described a new 1963 clustered in Lulworthiales, Lulworthia- Hypoxylon species from Northern Ireland with ceae with relatively weak support (Abdel- a Virgariella-like anamorph. Wahab et al. 2010).

Vermiculariopsiella Bender (298) Zasmidium Fr. (306) Dhargalkar & Bhat (2009) described a Crous et al. (2009a) showed five taxa in new species of the teleomorphic genus Echino- this genus to be members of Mycosphae- sphaeria with a Vermiculariopsiella anamorph. rellaceae in a phylogeny derived from partial LSU gene analysis. Verrucocladosporium K. Schub., Aptroot & Crous (299) Zygophiala E.W. Mason (307) Crous et al. (2009a) showed one species Crous et al. (2009a,d) confirmed two in this genus to be a member of Davidiellaceae species to be anamorphic Schizothyrium (Schi- in a phylogeny derived from partial LSU genes. zothyriaceae) based on partial LSU gene analysis. Ma et al. (2010) also confirmed this Verrucostoma Hirooka, Tak. Kobay. & genus to be anamorphic Schizothyrium. Chaverri (300) This new teleomorphic genus was intro- References duced by Hirooka et al. (2010) and had an Acremonium-like anamorph. They also discuss- Abdel-Wahab MA, Nagahama T, Abdel-Aziz ed several anamorphic genera in the Bionec- FA. 2009 – Two new Corollospora triaceae and Nectriceae. species and one new anamorph based on morphological and molecular data Myco- Vesiculohyphomyces Armando, Pereira-Carv. science 50, 147–155. & Dianese (301) Abdel-Wahab MA, Pang KL, Nagahama T, This new genus was introduced by Abdel-Aziz FA, Jones EBG. 2010 – Pereira-Carvalho et al. (2009) to accommodate Phylogenetic evaluation of anamorphic a Brazilian hyphomycetous species growing on species of Cirrenalia and Cumulospora trichomes of Caryocar. No taxonomic place- with the description of eight new genera ment was given. and four new species Mycological Progress 9, 537–558. Vonarxia Bat. (302) Abdollahzadeh J, Mohammadi GE, Javadi A, Crous et al. (2009e) showed one species Shams-bakhsh M, Zare R, Phillips AJL. in this genus to be anamorphic Chaetothy- 2009 – Barriopsis iraniana and Phaeo- riaceae based on LSU gene data analysis. botryon cupressi: two new species of the Botryosphaeriaceae from trees in Iran. Xenostigmina Crous (303) Persoonia 23, 1–8.

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Anonymous. 2009–2010. Index of Fungi 7. zation of Mariannaea aquaticola sp. nov. Aveskamp MM, Gruyter JD, Woudenberg JHC, collected from freshwater habitats. Verkley GJM, Crous PW. 2010 – Mycological Progress 9, 337–343. Highlights of the Didymellaceae: A Cai L, Wu WP, Hyde KD. 2009a – polyphasic approach to characterise Phylogenetic relationships of Chalara Phoma and related pleosporalean genera. and allied species inferred from riboso- Studies in Mycology 65, 1–60. mal DNA sequences. Mycological Pro- Aveskamp MM, Verklet GJM, Gruyter JD, gress 8, 133–143. Murace MA, Perello A, Woudenberg Campbell J, Marvanova L, Gulis V. 2009 – JHC, Groenewald JZ, Crous PW. 2009 – Evolutionary relationships between aqua- DNA phylogeny reveals polyphyly of tic anamorphs and teleomorphs: Tricla- Phoma section Peyronellaea and multi- dium and Varicosporium. Mycological ple taxonomic novelties. Mycologia 101, Research 113, 1322–1334. 363–382. Carvalho AA, Hennen JF. 2010 – New species Bagyanarayana G, Rao NK, Kunwar IK. 2009 and nomenclature in Prospodium (Uro- – Manoharachariella, a new dematia- pyxidaceae, Pucciniales) and the new ceous hyphomycetous genus from India anamorphic genus Canasta in the Neo- Mycotaxon 109, 301–305. tropics. Mycologia 102, 1096–1113. Begoude BAD, Slippers B, Wingfield MJ, Castañeda Ruiz RF, Abarca GH, Mota RMA, Roux J. 2010 – Botryosphaeriaceae Stadler M, Saikawa M, Minter DW. associated with Terminalia catappa in 2010a – Anaselenosporella sylvatica gen. Cameroon, South Africa and Madagascar. & sp. nov. and Pseudoacrodictys aqua- Mycological Progress 9, 101–123. tica sp. nov., two new anamorphic fungi Boehm EWA, Mugambi GK, Miller AN, from Mexico. Mycotaxon 112, 65–74. Huhndorf SM, Marincowitz S, Spatafora Castañeda Ruiz RF, Abarca GH, Mota RMA, JW, Schoch CL. 2009a – A molecular Becerra CI, Saikawa M, Minter DW, phylogenetic reappraisal of the Hysteria- Stadler M. 2010b – Elotespora, an enig- ceae, Mytilinidiaceae and Gloniaceae matic anamorphic fungus from Tabasco, (Pleosporomycetidae, Dothideomycetes) Mexico. Mycotaxon 111, 197–203. with keys to world species. Studies in Castañeda Ruiz RF, Minter DW, Stadler M, Mycology 64, 49–83. Gené J, Guarro J, Cano J. 2010d – Two Boehm EWA, Schoch CL, Spatafora JW. new anamorphic fungi from Cuba: 2009b – On the evolution of the Hysteria- Endophragmiella profusa sp. nov. and ceae and Mytilinidiaceae (Pleosporomy- Repetoblastiella olivacea gen. & sp. nov. cetidae, Dothideomycetes, Ascomycota) Mycotaxon 113, 415–422. using four nuclear genes. Mycological Castañeda Ruiz RF, Morillo O, Tovar B, research 113, 461–479. Hernández Z, Iturriaga T, Minter DW, Bogale M, Orr MJ, O'Hara MJ, Untereiner WA. Gené J, Guarro J, Stadler M. 2010c – 2010 – Systematics of Catenulifera Endogenospora, a new genus of anamor- (anamorphic Hyaloscyphaceae) with an phic fungi from Venezuela. Mycotaxon assessment of the phylogenetic position 112, 75–82. of Phialophora hyalina. Fungal Biology Chalkley DB, Suh SO, Volkmann-Kohlmeyer 114, 396–409. B, Kohlmeyer J, Zhou JJ. 2010 – Cai L, Hyde KD, Taylor PWJ, Weir BS, Waller Diatrypasimilis australiensis, a novel JM, Abang MM, Zhang JZ, Yang YL, xylarialean fungus from mangrove. Phoulivong S, Liu ZY, Prihastuti H, Mycologia 102, 430–437. Shivas RG, McKenzie EHC, Johnston PR. Chaverri P, Gazis RO. 2010 – Perisporiopsis 2009b – A polyphasic approach for lateritia, a new species on decaying studying Colletotrichum. Fungal Diver- leaves of Hevea spp. from the Amazon sity 39, 183–204. basin in Peru. Mycotaxon 113, 163–169. Cai L, Kurniawati E, Hyde KD. 2010 – Cheewangkoon R, Groenewald JZ, Summerell Morphological and molecular characteri- BA, Hyde KD, To-Anun C, Crous PW.

81 2009 – Myrtaceae, a cache of fungal you believe in genera? Persoonia 23, 99– biodiversity. Persoonia 23, 55–85. 118. Cheewangkoon R, Groenewald JZ, Verkley Crous PW, Wingfield MJ, Groenewald JZ. GJM, Hyde KD, Wingfield MJ, 2009c – Niche sharing reflects a poorly Gryzenhout M, Summerell BA, Denman understood biodiversity phenomenon. S, Toanun C, Crous PW. 2010 – Re- Persoonia 22, 83–94. evaluation of Cryptosporiopsis eucalypti Damm U, Fourie PH, Crous PW. 2010 – and Cryptosporiopsis-like species occur- Coniochaeta (Lecythophora), Collophora ring on Eucalyptus leaves. Fungal gen. nov. and Phaeomoniella species Diversity 44, 89–105. associated with wood necroses of Prunus Chilvers MI, Rogers JD, Dugan FM, Stewart trees. Persoonia 24, 60–80. JE, Chen WD, Peever TL. 2009 – Damm U, Woudenberg JHC, Cannon PF, Didymella pisi sp nov., the teleomorph of Crous PW. 2009 – Colletotrichum Ascochyta pisi. Mycological research 113, species with curved conidia from 391–400. herbaceous hosts. Fungal Diversity 39, Chlebicki A. 2009 – Fungi on higher plants of 45–87. the upper limit of the alpine zone: new Delgado G. 2009. – South Florida microfungi: species from Tian Shan. Mycotaxon 110, Veramycella bispora, a new palmicolous 443–450. anamorphic genus and species, with Chungu D, Gryzenhout M, Muimba-Kanko- some new records for the continental longo A, Wingfield MJ, Roux J. 2010 – USA Mycotaxon 107, 357–373. Taxonomy and pathogenicity of two Devi TP. 2009 – Fecundostilbum, a new genus novel Chrysoporthe species from Euca- of Stilbellaceae. Indian Phytopathology lyptus grandis and Syzygium guineense in 62, 64–68 Zambia. Mycological Progress 9, 379– Dhargalkar S, Bhat DJ. 2009 – Echinosphaeria 393. pteridis sp. nov. and its Vermiculario- Crous PW. 2009 – Taxonomy and phylogeny psiella anamorph. Mycotaxon 108, 115– of the genus Mycosphaerella and its 122. anamorphs. Fungal Diversity 38, 1–24. Doveri F, Pecchia S, Sarrocco S, Minnocci A, Crous PW, Braun U, Wingfield MJ, Wood AR, Vannacci G. 2010 – Rodentomyces, a Shin HD, Summerell BA, Alfenas AC, new hypocrealean genus from Italy. Cumagun CJR, Grohenewald JZ. 2009e – Fungal Diversity 42, 57–69. Phylogeny and taxonomy of obscure Erdoğdu M, Hüseyin E. 2009 – An anamorphic genera of microfungi. Persoonia 22, 139– genus and species newly recorded from 161. Turkey. Mycotaxon 109, 9–14. Crous PW, Groenewald JZ, Lee SS. 2009f – Evans HC, Groden E, Bischoff JF. 2010b – Nawawia malaysiana Crous & SS Lee, New fungal pathogens of the red ant, sp. nov. Persoonia 23, 194–195. Myrmica rubra, from the UK and Crous PW, Groenewald JZ, Summerell BA, implications for ant invasions in the USA. Wingfield BD, Wingfield MJ. 2009b – Fungal Biology 114, 451–466. Co-occurring species of Teratosphaeria Evans HC, Johnston PR, Park D, Barreto RW, on Eucalyptus. Persoonia 22, 38–48. Soares DR. 2010a – Claviradulomyces, a Crous PW, Schoch CL, Hyde KD, Wood AR, new genus of Odontotremataceae from Gueidan C, de Hoog GS, Groenewald JZ. West African rainforest. Fungal Biology 2009a – Phylogenetic lineages in the 114, 41–48. Capnodiales. Studies in Mycology 64, Fotouhifar KB, Hedjaroude GA Leuchtmann A. 17–47. 2010 – ITS rDNA phylogeny of Iranian Crous PW, Summerell BA, Carnegie AJ, strains of Cytospora and associated Wingfield MJ, Hunter GC, Burgess TI, teleomorphs. Mycologia 102, 1369–1382. Andjic V, Barber PA, Groenewald JZ. Fournier J, Kopcke B, Stadler M. 2010b – New 2009d – Unravelling Mycosphaerella: do species of Hypoxylon from western

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Europe and Ethiopia. Mycotaxon 113, Huhndorf SM, Miller AN, Greif M, Samuels 209–235. GJ. 2009 – Amplistroma gen. nov. and its Fournier J, Stadler M, Hyde KD, Duong ML. relation to Wallrothiella, two genera with 2010a – The new genus Rostrohypoxylon globose ascospores and acrodontium-like and two new Annulohypoxylon species anamorphs. Mycologia 101, 904–919. from Northern Thailand. Fungal Diver- Hyde KD, Cai L, Cannon PF, Crouch JA, sity 40, 23–36. Crous PW, Damm U, Goodwin PH, Chen Frank J, Crous PW, Groenewald JZ, Oertel B, H, Johnston PR, Jones EBG, Liu ZY, Hyde KD, Phengsintham P, Schroers HJ. McKenzie EHC, Moriwaki J, Noireung P, 2010 – Microcyclospora and Microcyclo- Pennycook SR, Pfenning LH, Prihastuti sporella: novel genera accommodating H, Sato T, Shivas RG, Tan YP, Taylor epiphytic fungi causing sooty blotch on PWJ, Weir BS, Yang YL, Zhang JZ. apple. Persoonia 24, 93–105. 2009 – Colletotrichum - names in current Gams W, Seifert K, Morgan-Jones GA. 2009 – use. Fungal Diversity 39, 147–182. New and validated hyphomycete taxa to Inderbitzin P, Mehta YR, Berbee ML. 2009 – resolve nomenclatural and taxonomic Pleospora species with Stemphylium ana- issues. Mycotaxon 110, 89–108. morphs: a four locus phylogeny resolves Grobbelaar JW, Aghayeva DN, de Beer ZW, new lineages yet does not distinguish Bloomer P, Wingfield MJ, Wingfield BD. among species in the Pleospora herba- 2009 – Delimitation of Ophiostoma rum clade. Mycologia 101, 329–339. quercus and its synonyms using multiple Jacobs K, Krokene P, Solheim H, Wingfield gene phylogenies. Mycological Progress MJ. 2010 – Two new species of 8, 221–236. Leptographium from Dryocetes autho- Grünig CR, Queloz V, Duo A, Sieber TN. 2009 graphus and Hylastes cunicularius in – Phylogeny of Phaeomollisia piceae gen. Norway. Mycological Progress 9, 69–78. sp nov.: a dark, septate, conifer-needle Jiang YL, Zhang TY. 2009 – Two new species endophyte and its relationships to Phia- of Eladia from soil. Mycotaxon 108, locephala and Acephala. Mycological 127–130. Research 113, 207–221. Johnson D, Sung GH, Hywel-Jones NL, Gruyter JD, Woudenberg JHC, Aveskamp MM, Luangsa-Ard JJ, Bischoff JF, Kepler RM, Verkley GJM, Groenewald JZ, Crous PW. Spatafora JW. 2009 – Systematics and 2010 – Systematic reappraisal of species evolution of the genus Torrubiella (Hy- in Phoma section Paraphoma, Pyreno- pocyeales, Ascomycota). Mycological chaeta and Pleurophoma. Mycologia 102, Research 113, 279–289. 1066–1081. Johnston PR, Park D, Manning MA. 2010 – Harrington TC, Aghayeva DN – Fraedrich SW. Neobulgaria alba sp. nov. and its 2010 – New combinations in Raffaelea, Phialophora-like anamorph in native Ambrosiella, and Hyalorhinocladiella, forests and kiwifruit orchards in New and four new species from the redbay Zealand. Mycotaxon 113, 385–396. ambrosia beetle, Xyleborus glabratus Jones EBG, Sakayaroj J, Suetrong S, Mycotaxon 111, 337–361. Somrithipol S, Pang KL. 2009a – Hirooka Y, Kobayashi T, Ono T, Rossman AY, Classification of marine Ascomycota, Chaverri P. 2010 – Verrucostoma, a new anamorphic taxa and Basidiomycota. genus in the Bionectriaceae from the Fungal Diversity 35, 1–187. Bonin Islands, Japan. Mycologia 102, Jones EBG, Zuccaro A, Mitchell J, Nakagiri A, 418–429. Chatmala I Pang KL. 2009b – Phylo- Horn BW, Ramirez-Prado JH, Carbone I. genetic position of freshwater and marine 2009a – The sexual state of Aspergillus Sigmoidea species: introducing a marine parasiticus. Mycologia 101, 275–280. hyphomycete Halosigmoidea gen. nov. Horn BW, Moore GG, Carbone G. 2009b – (Halosphaeriales). Botanica Marina 52, Sexual reproduction in Aspergillus flavus. 349–359. Mycologia 101, 423–429.

83 Kang HJ, Sigler L, Lee J, Gibas CFC, Yun SH, Li SF, Yu ZF, Zhang Y, Qiao M, Guo JW, Lee YW. 2010 – Xylogone ganoder- Zhang KQ. 2009 – Arthrobotrys nonsep- mophthora sp. nov., an ascomycetous tata, a new anamorph from an Orbilia pathogen causing yellow rot on cultivated species. Mycotaxon 109, 247–254. mushroom Ganoderma lucidum in Korea. Liang J, Han Y, Du W, Liang Z, Li Z. 2009a – Mycologia 102, 1167–1184. Chrysosporium linfenense: a new Kirk PM, Cannon PF, Minter DW, Stalpers JA. Chrysosporium species with keratinolytic 2008 – Dictionary of the fungi, 10th edn. activity. Mycotaxon 110, 65–71. CABI publishing, Wallingford, UK. Liang ZQ, Han YF, Chu HL, Fox RTV. 2009b Kirschner R. 2009 – Cercosporella and – Studies on the genus Paecilomyces in Ramularia. Mycologia 101, 110–119. China V. Taifanglania gen. nov. for some Kirschner R, Chen CJ. 2010 –Two new species monophialidic species. Fungal Diversity of Ramichloridium-like hyphomycetes 34, 69–77. from senescent leaves of night-scented Lima BV, Barreto RW, Soares DJ. 2009 – A lily (Alocasia odora) in Taiwan. Fungal new species of Mycosphaerella associat- Diversity 40, 41–50. ed with foliage and stem necrosis on Kirschner R, Oberwinkler F. 2009 – Supple- Phytolacca americanae. Mycotaxon 108, mentary notes on Basidiopycnis hyalina 307–311. (Basidiomycota, Atractiellales) and its Lombard L, Zhou XD, Crous PW, Wingfield anamorph. Mycotaxon 109, 29–38. BD, Wingfield MJ. 2010 – Calonectria Kolařík M, Hulcr J. 2009 – Mycobiota species associated with cutting rot of associated with the ambrosia beetle Eucalyptus. Persoonia 24, 1–11. Scolytodes unipunctatus (Coleoptera: Lumbsch HT, Huhndorf SM. 2010 – Outline of Curculionidae, Scolytinae). Mycological Ascomycota–2009; Notes on ascomycete Research 113, 44–60. systematics. Nos. 4751–5113. Myconet Kolařík M, Kirkendall LR. 2010 – Evidence 14, 1–69. for a new lineage of primary ambrosia Luo J, Zhuang WY. 2010 – Chaetopsinectria fungi in Geosmithia Pitt (Ascomycota: (Nectriaceae, Hypocreales), a new genus Hypocreales). Fungal Biology 114, 676– with Chaetopsina anamorphs. Mycologia 689. 112, 976–984. Koukol O. 2010 – Revision of “Septonema Ma YQ, Zhang R, Sun GY, Zhu HX, Tang M, ochraceum” revealed three new species Batzer JC, Gleason ML. 2010 – A new of Venturiaceae and Herpotrichiellaceae. species of Zygophiala associated with the Mycological Progress 9, 369–378. flyspeck complex on apple from China. Lechat C, Courtecuisse R. 2010 – A new Mycological Progress 9, 151–155. species of ljuhya, I. antillana, from the Madrid H, Cano J, Stchigel A, Gene J, Guarro French West Indies. Mycotaxon 113, J. 2010a – Ramophialophora humicola 443–447. and Fibulochlamys chilensis, two new Lechat C, Farr DF, Hirooka Y, Minnis AM, microfungi from soil. Mycologia 102, Rossman AY. 2010 – A new species of 605–612. Hydropisphaera, H. bambusicola, is the Madrid H, Gene J, Cano J, Silvera C, Guarro J. sexual state of Gliomastix fusigera. 2010b – Sporothrix brunneoviolacea and Mycotaxon 111, 95–102. Sporothrix dimorphospora, two new Lee SJ, Strobel GA, Eisenman K, Geary B, members of the Ophiostoma stenoceras- Vargas PN, Strobel SA. 2009 – Sporothrix scherwkii complex. Myco- Aurosphaeria, a novel coelomycetous logia 102, 1193–1203. genus. Mycotaxon 107, 463–472. Manoharachary C, Bagyanarayana G, Rao NK Li C, Huang B, Fan M, Lin Y, Li Z. 2010 – Kunwar I. 2009 – Chasakopama, a new Metacordyceps guniujiangensis and its dematiaceous hyphomycetous genus Metarhizium anamorph: a new pathogen from India. Mycotaxon 110, 459–463. on cicada nymphs. Mycotaxon 111, 221– Marincowitz S, Gryzenhout M, Wingfield MJ. 231. 2010 – New and rare coelomycetes with

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appendage-bearing conidia from Pondo- Aspergillus species. Mycologia 101, 71– land, South Africa. Mycotaxon 111, 309– 83. 322. Peterson SW, Jurjevic Z, Bills GF, Stchigel Massoumi Alamouti S, Tsui CKM, Breuil C. AM, Guarro J, Vega FE. 2010 – Genus 2009 – Multigene phylogeny of filamen- Hamigera, six new species and multilo- tous ambrosia fungi associated with cus DNA sequence based phylogeny. ambrosia and bark beetles. Mycological Mycologia 102, 847–864. Research 113, 822–835. Phillips AJL, Alves A. 2009 – Taxonomy, Masuya H, Kusunoki M, Kosaka H, Aikawa T. phylogeny, and epitypification of Mela- 2009 – Haradamyces foliicola anam. gen. nops tulasnei, the type species of Mela- et sp. nov., a cause of zonate leaf blight nops. Fungal Diversity 38, 155–166. disease in Cornus florida in Japan. Phillips AJL, Alves A, Pennycook SR, Mycological Research 113, 173–181. Johnston PR, Ramaley A, Akulov A, Mongkolsamrit S, Luangsa-Ard JJ, Spatafora Crous PW. 2008 Resolving the phylo- JW, Sung GH, Hywel-Jones NL. 2009 – genetic and taxonomic status of dark- A combined ITS rDNA and beta-tubulin spored teleomorph genera in the Botryo- phylogeny of Thai species of Hypocrella sphaeriaceae. Persoonia 21, 29–55. with non-fragmenting ascospores. Myco- Platas G, Gonzalez V, Collado J, Martin J, logical Research 113, 684–699. Montes C, Pelaez F. 2009 – Ascription of Morin L, Shivas RG, Piper MC, Tan YP. 2010 poorly defined taxa to taxonomic entities – Austropleospora osteospermi gen. et sp. using molecular phylogenies: a case nov. and its host specificity and distri- study on Nodulisporium sp. producers of bution on Chrysanthemoides monilifera nodulisporic acid. Mycotaxon 109, 443– ssp. rotundata in Australia. Fungal 460. Diversity 40, 65–74. Plishka MJR, Tsuneda A, Currah RS. 2009 – Nagao H, Kurogi S, Kiyota E, Sasatomi K. Morphology and development of Nigro- 2009 – Kumanasamuha geaster sp. nov., sabulum globosum, a cleistothecial co- an anamorph of Chorioactis geaster from prophile in the Bionectriaceae (Hypo- Japan. Mycologia 101, 871–877. creales). Mycological Research 113, Nekoduka S, Tanaka K, Harada Y, Sano T. 815–821. 2010 – Phylogenetic affinity of Myco- Prabhugaonkar A, Bhat D. 2009 – Rattania chaetophora gentianae, the causal fungus setulifera, an undescribed endophytic of brown leaf spot on gentian (Gentiana hyphomycete on rattans from Western triflora), to Pseudocercosporella-like hy- Ghats, India. Mycotaxon 108, 217–222. phomycetes in Helotiales. Mycoscience Prihastuti H, Cai L, Chen H, McKenzie EHC, 51, 123–133. Hyde KD. 2009 – Characterization of Nováková A, Kolařík M. 2010 – Chryso- Colletotrichum species associated with sporium speluncarum, a new species re- coffee berries in northern Thailand. sembling Ajellomyces capsulatus, obtain- Fungal Diversity 39, 89–109. ed from bat guano in caves of tem-perate Rainer J, Kaltseis J. 2010 – Diversity in Europe. Mycological Progress 9, 253– Scedosporium dehoogii (Microascaceae): 260. S. deficiens sp. nov. Sydowia 62, 137 – Pereira-Carvalho RC, Sepulveda-Chavera G, 147. Armando EAS, Inacio CA, Dianese JC. Réblová M. 2009 – Teleomorph of Rhodovero- 2009 – An overlooked source of fungal naea (Sordariomycetidae) discovered and diversity: novel hyphomycete genera on re-evolution of Pleurophragmium. Fun- trichomes of cerrado plants. Mycological gal Diversity 36, 129–139. Research 113, 261–274. Réblová M, Štěpánek V. 2009 – New fungal Peterson SW, Horn BW. 2009 – Penicillium genera, Tectonidula gen. nov. for parvulum and Penicillium georgiense, sp. Calosphaeria-like fungi with holoblastic- nov., isolated from the conidial heads of denticulate conidiogenesis and Natan- tiella gen. nov. for three species segre-

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