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Diseases of Trees in the Great Plains

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United States Department of Agriculture Diseases of Trees in the Great Plains Forest Rocky Mountain General Technical Service Research Station Report RMRS-GTR-335 November 2016 Bergdahl, Aaron D.; Hill, Alison, tech. coords. 2016. Diseases of trees in the Great Plains. Gen. Tech. Rep. RMRS-GTR-335. Fort Collins, CO: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station. 229 p. Abstract Hosts, distribution, symptoms and signs, disease cycle, and management strategies are described for 84 hardwood and 32 conifer diseases in 56 chapters. Color illustrations are provided to aid in accurate diagnosis. A glossary of technical terms and indexes to hosts and pathogens also are included. Keywords: Tree diseases, forest pathology, Great Plains, forest and tree health, windbreaks. Cover photos by: James A. Walla (top left), Laurie J. Stepanek (top right), David Leatherman (middle left), Aaron D. Bergdahl (middle right), James T. Blodgett (bottom left) and Laurie J. Stepanek (bottom right). To learn more about RMRS publications or search our online titles: www.fs.fed.us/rm/publications www.treesearch.fs.fed.us/ Background This technical report provides a guide to assist arborists, landowners, woody plant pest management specialists, foresters, and plant pathologists in the diagnosis and control of tree diseases encountered in the Great Plains. It contains 56 chapters on tree diseases prepared by 27 authors, and emphasizes disease situations as observed in the 10 states of the Great Plains: Colorado, Kansas, Montana, Nebraska, New Mexico, North Dakota, Oklahoma, South Dakota, Texas, and Wyoming. The need for an updated tree disease guide for the Great Plains has been recog- nized for some time and an account of the history of this publication is provided here. When the Pest Management Task Force of the Great Plains Agricultural Council, Forestry Committee, met in 1980, the task force requested that the committee support its publication of a tree disease handbook for the Great Plains, and assist it in obtain- ing the necessary funding. The request was approved. During the task force’s 1981 meeting, a working group was formed to prepare a prospectus for the handbook. The working group members, Edward Sharon, James Walla, Mark Harrell, and Jerry Riffle, chose specific diseases for inclusion in the handbook, selected potential authors for each chapter and determined chapter format to emphasize diagnosis, biology, damage, and management of diseases. In 1982, the Pest Management Task Force agreed that Riffle would serve as coordinator of the handbook, with Glenn Peterson as co-coordinator. Riffle contacted all potential contributors in May 1982, and their response was excellent; 31 persons agreed to be authors or coauthors of chapters on 64 diseases. The source of funding for publica- tion of the handbook was resolved in 1985 when it was proposed that it be published as a general technical report by the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station (RMRS). This proposal was approved by the Executive Committee of the Great Plains Agricultural Council, Forestry Committee. The original Diseases of Trees in the Great Plains1, published in 1986, has been an extremely popular publication used by a wide spectrum of natural resource professionals in the Great Plains and beyond. During the Great Plains Tree Pest Council annual meeting in 2012, a discussion was initiated about updating the original publication to include new diseases and to reflect the current available knowledge about tree diseases in the Great Plains. Upon agreement to the update, a group was formed consisting of James Walla, William Jacobi, Mark Harrell, Judith O’Mara, John Ball, James Blodgett, Jared LeBoldus, Simeon Wright, Laurie Stepanek, Les Koch, Rachel Allison, Nicole Ricci, and Aaron Bergdahl to consider which new diseases to include and potential authors and reviewers. Letters of support for the effort were requested from the state foresters of the Great Plains states and subsequently approval of the update was given by RMRS Station Director Sam Foster. Possible funding sources were researched, and Michele Schoeneberger, from the USDA National Agroforestry Center, offered assistance and set aside funds for printing the publication. Later, Roy Mask of USFS Region 2 came forward with additional funding in 2015 and Gregg DeNitto and Marcus Jackson of Northern Region Forest Health Protection facilitated funding in 2016. The chair of the Great Plains Tree Pest Council at that time, Aaron Bergdahl, and Alison Hill of the RMRS offered to organize the update effort and serve as technical editors. Work on the update began by requesting the contribution of 27 authors with forest pathology experience in the Great Plains. The response from the authors was very positive. The chapter content and technical reviews were completed in late 2013 and 2014. The updated publication, which is available in print and online versions, is the culmination of the cooperative efforts of numerous professionals dedicated to the health of forest resources in the Great Plains from several state and federal agencies and research institutions. 1 Riffle, Jerry W.; Peterson, Glenn W., tech. coords. 1986. Diseases of trees in the Great Plains. Gen. Tech. Rep. RM-129. Fort Collins, CO: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Forest and Range Experiment Station. 149 p. i Dedication This update of Diseases of Trees in the Great Plains is dedicated to the coordina- tors of the original manuscript, Jerry Riffle and Glenn Peterson. These two retired U.S. Forest Service researchers are to be commended for their many years of dedication and contributions to the understanding of tree diseases and health in the Great Plains region. Their passion for their field of study and Great Plains forest resources was em- bodied in the first edition of this valuable guide. The authors of this update have done their utmost to carry on the traditions of scientific inquiry and excellence personified by Riffle and Peterson in Great Plains forest pathology. Authors and Their Affiliations Gerard C. Adams Associate Professor of Practice, Department of Plant Pathology, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, NE 68583 Rachel A. Allison Western Forest Health Specialist, Nebraska Forest Service, University of Nebraska, North Platte, NE 69101 Jon A. Appel Plant Pathologist, Kansas Department of Agriculture, Manhattan, KS 66503 David N. Appel Plant Pathologist, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843 John Ball Forest Health Specialist, South Dakota Department of Agriculture and Forestry Extension, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD 57007 Aaron D. Bergdahl Forest Health Manager, North Dakota Forest Service, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND 58102 James T. Blodgett Plant Pathologist, U.S. Forest Service, Forest Health Protection, Rapid City, SD 57702 Kelly S. Burns Plant Pathologist, U.S. Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Region, State and Private Forestry, Golden, CO 80401 Whitney Cranshaw Entomologist, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523 Kelsey L. Dunnell Research Specialist, Department of Plant Pathology, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND 58102 Mark L. Gleason Professor, Department of Plant Pathology and Microbiology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011 Mark O. Harrell Forest Health Program Leader, Nebraska Forest Service, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, NE 68583 Thomas C. Harrington Forest Pathologist, Department of Plant Pathology and Microbiology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011 Alison Hill Research Program Manager, Forest and Woodlands Ecosystems Science Program, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 Marcus B. Jackson Plant Pathologist, U.S. Forest Service, Forest Health Protection, Missoula, MT 59807 William R. Jacobi Professor of Forest and Shade Tree Pathology, Department of Bioagricultural Sciences and Pest Management, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523 (retired) Jennifer Juzwik Research Plant Pathologist, U.S. Forest Service, Northern Research Station, St. Paul, MN 55108 ii Megan M. Kennelly Associate Professor and Extension Specialist, Department of Plant Pathology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506 Les Koch Forest Health Specialist, Wyoming State Forestry Division, Cheyenne, WY 82002 Jared M. LeBoldus Assistant Professor, Department of Botany and Plant Pathology/ Forest Engineering and Resources Management, Oregon State University, Corvallis OR, 97331 Phillip A. Mason National Operations Manager, USDA Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, Plant Protection and Quarantine, Fort Collins, CO 80526 Douglas L. McNew Mycologist, Department of Plant Pathology and Microbiology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011 Judith O’Mara Diagnostician, Department of Plant Pathology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506 Hayley M. Nelson Research Associate II, Dept. of Plant Pathology and Microbiology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011 Nicole Opbroek Forest Health Specialist, Kansas State Forest Service, Manhattan, KS 66506 Michael E. Ostry Research Plant Pathologist, U.S. Forest Service, Northern Research Station, St. Paul, MN 55108 Scott C. Redlin Plant Pathologist, USDA APHIS Plant Protection and Quarantine Center for Plant Health Science and Technology Raleigh, NC 27606-5202 Glen R. Stanosz Professor, Department of Forest and Wildlife Ecology, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, WI 53706 Laurie J. Stepanek Forest Health Specialist, Nebraska Forest
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