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Verbal Morphology and Grammatical Aspect in Sarikoli Timothy Palmer

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Verbal Morphology and Grammatical Aspect in Sarikoli Timothy Palmer University of North Dakota UND Scholarly Commons Theses and Dissertations Theses, Dissertations, and Senior Projects January 2016 Verbal Morphology And Grammatical Aspect In Sarikoli Timothy Palmer Follow this and additional works at: https://commons.und.edu/theses Recommended Citation Palmer, Timothy, "Verbal Morphology And Grammatical Aspect In Sarikoli" (2016). Theses and Dissertations. 2058. https://commons.und.edu/theses/2058 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the Theses, Dissertations, and Senior Projects at UND Scholarly Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in Theses and Dissertations by an authorized administrator of UND Scholarly Commons. For more information, please contact [email protected]. VERBAL MORPHOLOGY AND GRAMMATICAL ASPECT IN SARIKOLI by Timothy S. Palmer A Thesis Submitted to the Graduate Faculty of the University of North Dakota in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts Grand Forks, North Dakota December 2016 This thesis, submitted by Timothy S. Palmer in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Degree of Master of Arts from the University of North Dakota, has been read by the Faculty Advisory Committee under whom the work has been done and is hereby approved. ___________________________________________________________________ Robert Fried, Chair ___________________________________________________________________ Mark Karan ___________________________________________________________________ Douglas Fraiser This thesis meets the standards for appearance, conforms to the style and format requirements of the School of Graduate Studies of the University of North Dakota, and is hereby approved. _______________________________________________ Grant McGimpsey Dean of the School of Graduate Studies _______________________________________________ Date ii PERMISSION Title Verbal morphology and grammatical aspect in Sarikoli Department Linguistics Degree Master of Arts In presenting this thesis in partial fulfillment of the requirements for a graduate degree from the University of North Dakota, I agree that the library of this University shall make it freely available for inspection. I further agree that permission for extensive copying for scholarly purposes may be granted by the professor who supervised my thesis work or, in his absence, by the chairperson of the department or the dean of the School of Graduate Studies. It is understood that any copying or publication or other use of this thesis or part thereof for financial gain shall not be allowed without my written permission. It is also understood that due recognition shall be given to me and to the University of North Dakota in any scholarly use which may be made of any material in my thesis. Timothy S. Palmer August 3, 2016 iii Contents Abbreviations ........................................................................................................ xi List of tables ........................................................................................................ xiv Acknowledgements ............................................................................................. xvi Abstract .............................................................................................................. xvii CHAPTER 1. Purpose, organization, and theory ................................................................. 1 1.1. Purpose and theory ................................................................................. 1 1.2. Language information and background .................................................. 4 1.2.1. Language and cultural information .................................................. 4 1.2.2. Research background ....................................................................... 5 1.3. Field research and data procedures ........................................................ 7 1.4. Overview ................................................................................................. 8 1.4.1. Chapter listing .................................................................................. 9 1.4.2. Style conventions ............................................................................. 9 2. Basic verbal morphosyntax ........................................................................... 11 iv 2.1. Nominative-accusative alignment .......................................................... 11 2.2. Clause constituency ............................................................................... 14 2.2.1. Constituent order ............................................................................ 14 2.2.2. Existential and copular clauses ....................................................... 17 2.2.2.1. Existential clauses ..................................................................... 18 2.2.2.2. Copular clauses ......................................................................... 19 2.2.2.3. Existential-copular neutralization ............................................ 20 2.2.3. Serial verbs ...................................................................................... 22 2.3. Verb phrase ............................................................................................ 24 2.3.1. Modal constructions ........................................................................ 25 2.3.2. Phrasal stress ................................................................................... 27 2.4. Verb stems ............................................................................................. 28 2.4.1. Causatives ....................................................................................... 29 2.4.2. Other derivational affixation ........................................................... 34 2.4.3. Verb stem stress .............................................................................. 36 2.5. Inflectional suffixes ................................................................................ 37 2.5.1. Aspectual suffixes ............................................................................ 37 v 2.5.2. Agreement suffixes .......................................................................... 38 2.6. Inflectional clitics .................................................................................. 39 2.6.1. Aspectual clitics .............................................................................. 39 2.6.2. Agreement clitics ............................................................................. 41 2.7. Phonology and morphophonemics ........................................................ 43 2.7.1. Vowel/diphthong apophony in verb stems ..................................... 44 2.7.2. Voicing assimilation ........................................................................ 47 2.7.3. Stress: Inflectional elements are unstressed .................................... 47 2.7.4. Vowel reduction and voicelessness ................................................. 48 3. Verbal morphology and grammatical aspect ................................................ 50 3.1. Infinitive ................................................................................................ 50 3.1.1. Infinitive morphosyntax .................................................................. 51 3.1.1.1. Morphology of the infinitive stem ............................................ 51 3.1.1.2. Infinitive clause syntax ............................................................. 52 3.1.2. Uses of the infinitive stem ............................................................... 52 3.1.2.1. Verbal nouns ............................................................................. 52 3.1.2.2. Unspecified aspect .................................................................... 54 3.1.2.3. Purpose ..................................................................................... 55 vi 3.1.2.4. Infinitival participles ................................................................ 57 3.1.2.5. Intent and other modalities ...................................................... 58 3.2. Imperfective ........................................................................................... 60 3.2.1. Morphology of the imperfective stem ............................................. 61 3.2.1.1. Third-person singular imperfective forms ................................ 63 3.2.1.2. Contractions and glide epenthesis with agreement suffixes ..... 64 3.2.2. Uses of the imperfective stem ......................................................... 65 3.2.2.1. Present states ............................................................................ 66 3.2.2.2. Future tense .............................................................................. 67 3.2.2.3. Habitual events ......................................................................... 67 3.2.2.4. Narrative imperfective .............................................................. 69 3.2.2.5. Present continuous and progressive ......................................... 69 3.2.2.6. Imperative and cohortative ...................................................... 71 3.2.2.7. Prohibitive ................................................................................ 73 3.2.2.8. Conditional ............................................................................... 75 3.2.2.9. Optative .................................................................................... 76 3.3. Perfective ..............................................................................................
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