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AFRICAN DEVELOPMENT REPORT 2010 (A) Africanbank 2010 Prelims 8/10/10 10:30 Page Ii Corrigendum African Development Report 2010

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AFRICAN DEVELOPMENT REPORT 2010 (A) Africanbank 2010 Prelims 8/10/10 10:30 Page Ii Corrigendum African Development Report 2010 (A) AfricanBank 2010 Prelims 8/10/10 10:30 Page i AFRICAN DEVELOPMENT REPORT 2010 (A) AfricanBank 2010 Prelims 8/10/10 10:30 Page ii Corrigendum African Development Report 2010 Executive Summary xxvii Figure 4: Container traffic capacity in Africa (TEU mn) and world randing of selected ports PortPort SaidSaid (Egypt)(Egypt) 3131 DurbanDurban (South(South Africa)Africa) 4141 TangierTangier (Morocco)(Marocco) 8383 DamiettaDamietta (Egypt)(Egypt) 8585 CapeCape Town Town (South (South Africa) Africa) 115115 ElEl DekheilaDekheila (Egypt)(Egypt) 127127 AlexandriaAlexandria (Egypt)(Egypt) 133133 MombasaMombasa (Kenya)(Kenya) 132132 AbidjanAbidjan (Cote(Cote d'Ivoire)d’ivoire) 134134 PortPort SudanSudan (Sudan)(Sudan) 157157 SokhnaSokhna (Egypt)(Egypt) 158158 PortPort Louis Louis (Mauritius)(Mauritius) 161161 RadesRades (Tunisia) (Tunisia) 171171 DakarDakar (Senegal)(Senegal) 184184 DarDar EsEs SalaamSalaam (Tanzania) (Tanzania) 185185 PortPor tElizabeth Elizabeth (South (South Africa) Africa )190190 0 1 2 3 4 Source: Containerisation International Yearbook, 2011. Corrigendum African Development Report 2010 124 African Development Report 2010 Map 4.4: Major African Corridors (A) AfricanBank 2010 Prelims 8/10/10 10:30 Page iii AFRICAN DEVELOPMENT REPORT 2010 PORTS, LOGISTICS, AND TRADE IN AFRICA PUBLISHED FOR THE AFRICAN DEVELOPMENT BANK BY OXFORD UNIVERSITY PRESS (A) AfricanBank 2010 Prelims 8/10/10 10:30 Page iv 1 Great Clarendon Street, Oxford OX2 6DP Oxford University Press is a department of the University of Oxford. It furthers the University’s objective of excellence in research, scholarship, and education by publishing worldwide in Oxford New York Auckland Cape Town Dar es Salaam Hong Kong Karachi Kuala Lumpur Madrid Melbourne Mexico City Nairobi New Delhi Shanghai Taipei Toronto With offices in Argentina Austria Brazil Chile Czech Republic France Greece Guatemala Hungary Italy Japan Poland Portugal Singapore South Korea Switzerland Thailand Turkey Ukraine Vietnam Oxford is a registered trade mark of Oxford University Press in the UK and in certain other countries Published in the United States by Oxford University Press Inc., New York © 2010 by African Development Bank The moral rights of the author have been asserted Database right Oxford University Press (maker) First published 2010 All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieved system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, without the prior permission in writing of Oxford University Press, or as expressly permitted by law, or under terms agreed with the appropriate reprographics rights organization. Enquiries concerning reproduction outside the scope of the above should be sent to the Rights Department, Oxford University Press, at the address above You must not circulate this book in any other binding or cover and you must impose this same condition on any acquirer The African Development Report 2010 is produced by the staff of the African Development Bank, and the views expressed therein do not necessarily reflect those of the Boards of Directors or the countries they represent. Designations employed in this Report do not imply the expression of any opinion, on the part of the African Development Bank, concerning the legal status of any country or territory, or the delineation of its frontiers. British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data Data available Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Data available ISBN 978–0-19-956605-1 Typeset by Hope Services, Abingdon, Oxon Printed in Italy on acid-free paper by Legoprint S.p.A (A) AfricanBank 2010 Prelims 8/10/10 10:30 Page v CONTENTS Foreword ...................................................................................................................................ix Acknowledgments ...................................................................................................................xi List of boxes ............................................................................................................................xiii List of figures and maps .......................................................................................................xiv List of tables .............................................................................................................................xv Abbreviations and acronyms...............................................................................................xvi Executive Summary...............................................................................................................xxi Chapter 1: Trade and Trade Costs in Africa: An Overview ...............................................1 African trade: an overview ....................................................................................................3 The geography of African trade ............................................................................................6 Trade costs: a classification .................................................................................................11 Border-related costs..................................................................................................12 Transport costs .........................................................................................................15 Behind-the-border costs............................................................................................19 Trade costs and trade facilitation: “soft” and “hard” infrastructure ...................................21 Why maritime trade and port efficiency are important .....................................................23 Outline of the report............................................................................................................25 Chapter 2: Port Development in Africa ..............................................................................31 What is a seaport? ................................................................................................................33 Hard and soft infrastructure in seaports .............................................................................34 Categorization and location of African seaports ................................................................37 Capacity and efficiency of African ports.............................................................................37 African regional port situation.................................................................................40 Capacity: global comparisons...................................................................................41 Efficiency indicators for African ports ......................................................................44 Investments for rehabilitation and expansion ....................................................................51 Summary: The way forward for African ports....................................................................52 Annex 2.1: Overview of African port facilities, capacity, and infrastructure by subregion and country................................................................................................55 (i) Ports in North Africa ........................................................................................55 (ii) Ports in East Africa...........................................................................................60 (iii) Ports in Southern Africa...................................................................................62 (iv) Ports in Central Africa .....................................................................................68 (A) AfricanBank 2010 Prelims 8/10/10 10:30 Page vi vi Contents (v) Ports in West Africa..........................................................................................69 (vi) Island countries ...............................................................................................72 Annex 2.2: African merchant fleet, by flag of registration and type of ship, as of January 2007 ................................................................................................................74 Chapter 3: Reforms and the Regulatory Framework of African Ports .........................76 Institutional set-up of port management in Africa .............................................................78 Alternative forms of port administration .................................................................79 Port reform in Africa ............................................................................................................82 Subregional trends ...................................................................................................84 Implications of privatization ....................................................................................85 Regulatory framework .........................................................................................................87 Regulatory institutions..............................................................................................88 Regulation of the African shipping industry .............................................................89 Assessing reforms.................................................................................................................94 Institutional reforms ................................................................................................94 Efficiency of the transport logistics chain..................................................................98 Conclusions .......................................................................................................................103
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