Peshawar Torkham Economic Corridor Project Environmental Management Framework (EMF) for Component II -Allied Facilities along Peshawar – Torkham Expressway 3/10/2020 f, Consultant 30/10/2017 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 1 1. INTRODUCTION 5 Components of the Proposed Projects 5 Safeguard Assessments and Documents 5 Objectives and Scope of EMF 7 EMF Methodology 8 1.4.1 Study Area 8 1.4.2 Data Limitations and Impact Prediction 8 Incorporation of Safeguards Documents in Contract Documents 8 2. PROJECT DESCRIPTION 10 Project Area 10 Project Components 11 2.2.1 National Single Window (US$ 20.0 million) 11 2.2.2 Strategic Technical Assistance (US$ 6.0 million) 11 2.2.3 Secondary Transport Infrastructure (US$ 20.0 million) 11 2.2.4 Upgrading of Industrial Zones (US$ 20.0 million) 11 2.2.5 Skills Development (US$ 5.0 million): 12 3. ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL MANAGEMENT REQUIREMENTS 14 Environmental and Social Baseline 14 3.1.1 Geography 14 3.1.2 Geology and Seismology 15 3.1.3 Water Resources 15 3.1.4 Climate 18 3.1.5 Noise Level 18 3.1.6 Ambient Air Quality 19 3.1.7 Ecological and Biological resources 21 3.1.8 Protected Areas 26 3.1.9 Endangered Species 26 3.1.10 Physical Cultural Heritage 26 3.1.11 Socio-Economic Environment and Background 27 3.1.12 Gender Issues 28 4. APPLICABLE LEGAL / REGULATORY REQUIREMENTS 29 OP / BP 4.01 Environmental Assessment 29 OP / BP 4.11 Physical Cultural Resources 29 OP / BP 4.12 Involuntary Resettlement 29 National Policy and Legal Framework 29 4.4.1 Pakistan Environmental Protection act (PEPA) 1997 30 4.4.2 Regulations for Environmental Assessment, Pakistan EPA 30 4.4.3 Regulatory Clearances, EPA 30 4.4.4 Guidelines for Environmental Assessment, Pakistan EPA 31 4.4.5 National Environmental Quality Standards (NEQS) 31 4.4.6 The Frontier Crimes Regulations 1901 (FCR) 31 5. ASSESSMENT DURING PROJECT PREPARATION, APPROVAL AND IMPLEMENTATION 33 Screening Process 33 Sub-Project Assessment 33 Sub-Project with EIA Requirement 34 Sub-Project with EMP/IEE Requirement 35 Sub-Project Approvals 36 6. ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN (EMP) 37 Major Impacts Associated with Proposed Sub-Projects 37 6.1.1 Water Quality and Quantity 37 6.1.2 Air Pollution 37 6.1.3 Noise and Vibration 37 6.1.4 Waste Disposal 38 6.1.5 Safety of Community 38 6.1.6 Health and Safety of Labor 38 Environmental Management Plan 38 7. STAKEHOLDER CONSULTATIONS 48 Objectives 48 Process 48 Conclusion/Outcome 49 Grievance Redress Mechanism (GRM) 50 8. INSTITUTIONAL ARRANGEMETNS 51 Implementation Arrangements 51 8.1.1 Supervision Consultant 52 8.1.2 Contractor 52 8.1.3 External Monitoring 52 Assessment of Current Institutional Capacity 52 9. EMF IMPLEMENTATION BUDGET 53 Training and Capacity Building 53 Preparation of Safeguard Documents 53 Implementation and Compliance Costs 53 ANNEXURE A – INITIAL SCREENING CHECKLIST 54 ANNEXURE B – PAK EPA IEE AND EIA CATEGORIZATION 59 SCHEDULE I - List of projects requiring an IEE 59 SCHEDULE II – List of Projects Requiring EIA (Regulation 4) 60 ANNEXURE C NATIONAL ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY STANDARDS (NEQS) 62 Table C.1: Selected NEQS for Waste Effluents 62 Table C.2: NEQS for Industrial Gaseous Emissions 63 Table C.3: National Environmental Quality Standards for Ambient Air 64 Table C.4: NEQS for Motor Vehicles Exhaust and Noise 65 Table C.5: National Standards for Drinking Water Quality 67 Table C.6: National Environmental Quality Standards for Noise 68 ANNEXURE D TORS FOR SUB-PROJECT SITE SPECIFIC ENVIRONMENT AND SOCIAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT 70 A. Background 70 B. Project Overview 70 C. Scope of Work 70 D. Deliverables and Proposed/Indicative Structure of ESMP Report 73 E. Qualification and Skills Required 75 F. Applicable OPs 76 ANNEXURE E TORS FOR SUB-PROJECT SITE SPECIFIC ENVIRONMENT AND SOCIAL MANAGEMENT PLANS 77 A. Background 77 B. Project Overview 77 C. Scope of Work 77 D. Deliverables and Proposed/Indicative Structure of ESMP Report 78 E. Qualifications and Skills Required 79 F. Applicable OPs 79 ANNEXURE F – CATEGORY C CHECKLIST 81 G. LIST OF PARTICIPANTS OF PUBLIC CONSULTATION MEETING 88 Disclosure Date: 11/3/2020 Addendum to Environment Management Framework (EMF) The safeguard instruments for Component-II namely Environment Management Framework (EMF), Social Management Framework (SMF), and Resettlement Policy Framework (RPF) are being updated via this addendum to reflect Government of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa decision that the Sustainable Development Unit (SDU), Planning and Development Department, Government of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa will be the PIU of Component II. This change has been made given that the Federally Administrative Tribal Areas region (FATA) have been formally merged in the Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (KP) province; thus, the KP Government will from this moment take responsibility for Component II implementation. Component II oversight will be the responsibility of a Component II Steering Committee, chaired by the Additional Chief Secretary (ACS) P&D, and comprising representatives of the different provincial departments and a focal point representing NHA. The Project will require that the SDU be adequately staffed to include an Environmental Specialist and a Resettlement Specialist who will report to the Project Director and be responsible for the implementation of Component II safeguard instruments. SDU E&S specialists will ensure Component II has access to a fit for purpose Grievance Redress Mechanism as required under the instruments. A Social and Resettlement Management Unit (SRMU) will be established within the PIU and a Resettlement Unit (RU) will be established at Sub-Project level (field level), according to the details stated in the PAD. The PIU will engage Independent Monitoring Consultant (IMC) to periodically monitor project activities to ensure compliance with safeguards instruments. Component II safeguard instruments will be updated and re-disclosed after adding an Addendum which clearly explains the change in PIU. This addendum replaces NHA as PIU of Component I with Sustainable Development Unit, Planning and Development Department, Government of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa as the PIU of Component II. All other implementation arrangements remain the same. 1 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY The National Highways Authority (NHA) is working on three regional economic corridors for the CPEC, Western, Central and Eastern. Eastern corridor includes Peshawar-Kabul motorway, a 4-lane, access- controlled, 281 km long motorway connecting Peshawar, capital city of the Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (KPK) Province in Pakistan with Kabul, capital city of Afghanistan via Torkham (border between Pakistan and Afghanistan in KPK Province). The proposed motorway can be termed the Gateway to Central Asian countries. This is also an ancient trade route between the Indian sub-continent and the Central Asia, formerly known as the silk route. The proposed trade corridor is between Peshawar and Torkham, the border between Pakistan and Afghanistan. This will pass through the famous Khyber Pass in Khyber Agency through some of the most underprivileged parts of the country in the Federally Administrated Tribal Areas. Administratively, the Governor of KPK is the head of FATA region. Expressway project is proposed on the route where majority trade between Afghanistan and Pakistan is taking place and thousands upon thousands of vehicles use this route for movement of people and goods. Many people from Afghanistan also use this route for getting to better medical attention in Peshawar so this will also benefit the patients. This Environment Management Framework is for component II of the project which is the proposed development of allied facilities along this expressway. This component will promote the integration of private sector actors in the Khyber Agency into global value chains and will have two main sub- components: (i) Technical assistance to develop a Spatial Master Plan (SMP) for Western Greater Peshawar (WGP) that will extend the existing interim local master plan and carry out feasibility studies and develop engineering designs for interventions identified by the interim plan and/or SMP. (II) Infrastructure Investments and Institutional Improvements for economically-viable interventions as determined by the feasibility studies. Activities financed under this sub-component will complement ongoing and planned activities by other development partners to support economic development in the FATA region. The overall component II might include several sub-projects under a majority private investment and in some places a public-private partnership. The World Bank has strict policies in the environmental and social sectors and compliance to all Bank policies is mandatory. The project is categorized in category ‘A’ for its envisaged environment and social impacts. FATA area falls in the jurisdiction of Federal Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) also known Pak EPA. Therefore, all regulatory requirements under Pak EPA regulations on environment and emission standards are applicable to this project. During the consultative process people expressed their support for the project. Consultations were held in both the Mohmand Agency the Khyber Agency that also falls within the reach of this component. They also had the apprehension that external labor may cause disruptions in day-to-day lives of nearby communities. They also wanted that majority jobs must be provided to locals so that they get the actual benefits of the project. They were optimistic about the success and sustainable development of this project. 2 An initial screening checklist has been provided in this framework for conducting environmental assessment or screening. This will help determine the scale of impacts a sub project might have and subsequently categorizing the project for A, B or C and the type of safeguard document needed for the sub project. Apart from the checklist, a detailed template to prepare environmental impact assessments and environmental management plans (ESIA and EMP) is provided with all possible impacts, mitigation, monitoring criteria and identification of implementation party. This will be applicable for all sub-projects in the project and has been developed for all possible scenarios envisaged at this stage to serve as a guideline.