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Locators in italic refer to figures and diagrams

Abinger Hall, Surrey 209, 214 ants 179, 186 abolitionist movement, slave trade 167–9 apes 80, 179, 182 aboriginals, Australia 153, 155, 157, Araucarioxylon protoaraucana (fossil tree 165–6 species) 111 Abrolhos Archipelago, coral reefs 35 archaeology 209, 210, 214 Addison, Joseph 176 Argentina 54, 56, 156 Agassiz, Louis 38, 40–1, 71 arrow worm (phylum Chaetognatha) Albemarle Island (Isla Isabela), Galápagos 66–8 28, 61 atolls 37–9, 38 algae, Beagle voyage 113–14 Australia 153, 155, 157, 164–6 All Saints Church, Hitcham, Suffolk 109 Australopithecus afarensis (hominid altruism 167, 184 species) 179 American Civil War 183 Autobiography (Darwin) 4 , 5, 15–16, 19, anatomy 45 130, 203–7 Andes Mountains, South America 34, botany 125, 126, 139 111–12 concerning St. George Mivart 193–4 Anemone pulsatilla (pasque flower) 98 evolutionism 67 Angraecum sesquipedale (orchid species) geology 24–5 128 zoology 52 animal behaviour 11, 181, 200 auxins 150 animal breeding see breeding Ayres, Peter 116 animal emotions 179, 180, 194–9 Bacon, Francis 204, 205 animal experimentation/cruelty 171–3 Bah´ıa Blanca 105 Anthoxanthum odoratum (sweet vernal Barlow, Norah 153, 174 grass) 120 barnacles (Cirripedia) 70–2 anthropology 11,COPYRIGHTED 188 see also native barrier reefs MATERIAL37,37 peoples Bartholomew Island (Isla Bartolome), anthropomorphism 195 Galapagos 27 ‘anthropomorphous apes’ 182, 186, 187 Bartram, Christine 97 Antirrhinum (snapdragon) 133 Bates, Henry Walter 74

Darwin’s Sciences: How Charles Darwin voyaged from rocks to worms in his search for facts to explain how the earth, its geological features, and its inhabitants evolved, First Edition. Duncan M. Porter and Peter W. Graham. © 2016 Duncan M. Porter and Peter W. Graham. Published 2016 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. Trim Size: 156mm x 235mm Porter bindex.tex V3 - 05/21/2015 6:48pm Page 238

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Bateson, William 132 Copley Medal of the Royal Society of Baynes, Thomas Spencer 133 London 129–30 Beagle Diary (Darwin) 41, 57, 153, 154 domestic plant and animal breeding Beagle voyage 5, 6,7 124–5, 132–4 botany 102–11, 117–19 dimorphic flowers 141–7, 143, 145 geology 22–39, 37, 38 at Edinburgh 95–6 natural history 205 embarking on Beagle voyage 102–3 social role of Darwin 152–3 fungi 115–16 zoology 51–2, 65–8 grasses 119–21 see also specific locations visited (e.g. Henslow’sresearchonnatureofspecies Galapagos Islands); and see Voyage 100–2 of the Beagle (Darwin) Insectivorous Plants 134–7, 135 The Beak of the Finch (Wiener) 60 Kemp letters 117 Beaufort, Francis 22 lichens 114–15 Beechey, William 162 orchids 125–9 bees 139 The Origin of Species 122–4 beetles 4, 49,49–50 plant fertilization 138–41 Bell, Thomas 7, 64–5, 66 plant fossils 111–12 Bentham, George 75 post Beagle voyage 116–17 Berkeley, M. Joseph 114, 118 The Power of Movement in Plants Berra, Tim 200 147–50, 149 The Big Species Book (Darwin) 72–3, 76, sea water—effect on seeds 117–19 86, 121–2 vascular plants 103–11 ‘A Biographical Sketch of an Infant’ Bottisham Fen 98 (Darwin) 195, 199–200 Bowler, Peter 82 biology 39 see also botany; natural Boyd, Thomas 76 history; zoology Brazil 154–5 bioluminescence 52 breeding, domesticated species 73, 85–6, bioturbation 210, 215 87, 132–4, 190, 192 birds (ornithology) 44, 46, 50, 55, 61–2, Questions about breeding of animals 64 67–8 Birds (Gould) 64 British Medical Association 172 Bishop of Oxford, concerning The Origin of Brooke, John Hedley 175 Species 80–3 Brown, Robert 75, 102, 111, 126 bladderworts (Utricularia) 98, 135 bryophytes 112–13 blushing 195, 197, 198–9 Buckland, William 41 Boer people 153–4 bulldog, Darwin’s 82 see also T. H. Huxley Bolabola Island, coral reefs 37 Bunbury, Charles 81 bombardier beetle 50 Burgess, Thomas 198 Bonnet, Charles 90 Busby, James 163 botany 11, 93–5, 151 Butler, Samuel 12 algae 113–14 The Big Species Book 121–2 Cambridge Scientific Instrument Company bryophytes 112–13 210 at Cambridge University 18, 96–102 Cambridge University, Christ’s College 4 Climbing Plants 130–1 botany 96–102 Trim Size: 156mm x 235mm Porter bindex.tex V3 - 05/21/2015 6:48pm Page 239

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geology 17–19 Comte de Buffon (Georges-Louis Leclerc) sculpture of Darwin as a young man 2 90 zoology 48–51 consanguineous (cousins) marriages 192 Cameron, Jonathan Henry Lovett 13 convicts, Australia 165 Canary Islands 18–20 Cook, Captain James 114 Candolle, Alphonse de 103, 216 Copley Medal, Royal Society of London Cape Verde Islands 129–30 botany 103, 104–5 coral reefs 30, 34–9, 37, 38, 206 geology 24–6 Coral Reefs (Darwin) 24, 65, 71 social sciences 154 Cordier, Pierre Louis Antoine 16 zoology 52–3 Correspondence of Charles Darwin carnivorous plants 134–7, 135, 139, 150 (Burkhardt, et al.) 22 Catasetum tridentatum (orchid species) cousins, marriage between 192 144 Covington, Syms 54–5, 60, 64 Celts 185 Crichton Browne, James 197 Chagas disease 9, 56 Cronin, Helena 194 Chambers, Robert 69 cruelty to animals 171–3 Charles Darwin Foundation 107 see also crustacea 66 Darwin, Charles Cumming, James 13 Charles Island (Isla Floreana), Galápagos Cuvier, Georges 14, 53 60, 61 ChathamIsland(IslaSanCristobal), Galapagos 57, 58, 60, 61 Dana, James Dwight 33 chemistry 13–14, 15, 136 Darwin, Anne (daughter), death 177 Chichi wine 106 Darwin, Caroline (sister) 30, 45, 64, 94 Chiloé, Chile 31 Darwin, Catherine (sister) 13, 54, 95 Chileno people 155, 160–1 Darwin, Charles Chiliotrichum diffusum (sunflower) 105 aged 22 (sculpture) 2 Chlamydomonas nivalis (green alga aged 59 (photograph) 2 species) 113–14 aged 7 (drawing) 94 Christ’s College see Cambridge University anniversaries 116 Cirripedia (barnacles) 70–2 biographies 1 see also Autobiography clerical career see holy orders; religion childhood 1, 3–4 Climbing Plants (Darwin) 130–1, 139 as gentleman scientist 19, 22, 51, 184 Cobbe, Frances Power 172, 173 health 9, 56, 68, 106, 137, 155, 207 Cocos (Keeling) Islands 36–7, 107–8, holy orders 4, 5, 7, 16–17, 99, 175 see 118, 164 also religion Colchicum autumnale (meadow saffron) marriage 7, 189 98 medicine 4, 14–16 Coldstream, John 51 papers with Wallace see joint papers Coleridge, Samuel Taylor 203 reclusive life, myth of 8 collation system, Henslow’s 100–1 see also The Beagle voyage collections 1, 4, 23–4 Darwin, Charles Waring (son) 8, 75 birds’ eggs 44 Darwin, Elizabeth (daughter) 8 geological 12 Darwin, Emma (wife) 1, 4, 7, 68, 75, 92, insects 44–5 175, 176, 177 Trim Size: 156mm x 235mm Porter bindex.tex V3 - 05/21/2015 6:48pm Page 240

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Darwin, Erasmus (brother) 13–14, 17, The Descent of Man (Darwin) 9, 10, 89, 45–8, 97, 176 139, 168, 176–80 Darwin, Erasmus (grandfather) 3, 4, 14, evolution of humanity 182–5 167 genealogy 185–7 evolutionism 203–4 morality 180–2 Krause biography 201–2 race 187–8 Darwin, Francis (son) 7, 8, 13, 17, 69, sexual selection 188–94 71–2, 110, 125, 135, 140–1, 176 vivisection and animal experimentation concerning The Origin of Species 80, 81 171 The Power of Movement in Plants Desmarestia rossii (marine algal species) 147–50, 149 113 Darwin, George (son) 192, 193 Dick, Thomas Lauder 40 Darwin, Henrietta (daughter) 8, 125, 136, Dictionnaire Classique d’Histoire Naturelle 172, 176 114 Darwin, Horace (son) 8, 209, 210, 211 The Different Forms of Flowers on Plants of Darwin, Leonard (son) 8, 200 the Same Species (Darwin) Darwin, Mary Eleanor (daughter) 8 141–7, 143, 145 Darwin, Robert (father) 4, 16–17, 204 Dionaea muscipula (Venus’s flytrap) 136, death 177 137 objections to Beagle voyage 22–3, 155 ‘Discovery of the former existence of Darwin, Robert Waring (great-uncle) 95 glaciers in Scotland, especially in Darwin, Susannah (mother) 3, 93, 94, 203 the Highlands’ (Agassiz) 41 Darwin, William (son) 169, 194 Dissertation on the Progress of Ethical ‘A Biographical Sketch of an Infant’ Philosophy (Mackintosh) 167 195, 199–200 dogs 179, 180, 181, 197 earthworms 212 domestic animal and plant breeding see DarwinandHisChildren:HisOtherLegacy breeding (Berra) 200 Down House, Surrey 7, 213, 214, 217 Darwin and His Flowers (Allan) 116 Drosera (sundews) 134–7, 135, 150 Darwin and Modern Science (Seward) Druery, Charles T. 132 116 Duchenne, Guillaume 196, 197 Darwin Correspondence Project 126–7 Duncan, Andrew 95–6 Darwin in Italy (Pancaldi) 91 Dyster, Frederick Daniel 81 darwinising 203 Darwin’s Biological Work (Bell ed.) 116 earthquakes 31–2, 33 Darwin’s bulldog 82 see also Huxley Earthworms (The Formation of Vegetable Darwin’s Finches (Lack) 58–9 see also Mould, through the Action of finches, Galapagos Worms, Darwin) 11, 125, 208–17 Darwin’s Illness (Colp) 9 see also health East Indian bristle grass (Setaria barbata) Darwin’s Plants at Cambridge 108 108 Darwin’s Sacred Cause (Desmond and Echinocystis lobata (wild cucumber) 130 Moore) 168 The Eclipse of Darwinism (Bowler) 82 Daubeny, Charles 80 ecology 51, 208, 216 De Vries, Hugo 89–90 Edinburgh University Delpino, Federico 90–1 botany 95–6 denudation 214–15 geology at 14–17 Trim Size: 156mm x 235mm Porter bindex.tex V3 - 05/21/2015 6:48pm Page 241

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zoology 45–8 The Expression of the Emotions in Man and Edinburgh New Philosophical Journal 15 Animals (Darwin) 10, 194–9 Edinburgh Review 79 Eyre, Governor 169 Edmonston, John 46 education, Darwin 3, 4, 7, 93 see also FactsandargumentsforDarwin(Müller) Cambridge University; Edinburgh 83–4 University; Shrewsbury school Falcon-Lang, Howard 112 The Effects of Cross and Self Fertilisation in Falkland Islands 5, 29–31, 105–6 the Vegetable Kingdom (Darwin) Farrer, Thomas 209 138–41 Fasciola terrestris (ground fluke) 67 egg collecting 44 see also birds fertilisation of plants 125–9, 138–47, Ekman, Paul 195 143, 145 Ellis, William 162 Festuca pratensis (grass species) 120 emotions 179, 180, 194–9 field excursions Encyclopaedia Britannica 133 Cambridge University 98, 101 geological 20, 21, 22, 29, 30, 31, 40 Enewetak (Eniwetok) Atoll 38 Fijian peoples 181 entangled bank, at Orchis Bank 78, finches, Galapagos Islands 27, 58–60, 59 175–6 fire-kindling 180 entomology 44–5, 49, 56, 139, 176 see Fish (Jenyns) 64 also beetles FitzRoy, Robert (Beagle captain) 5, 22, 23, An Essay on the Principle of Population 24, 29 (Malthus) 67 barnacles 70 Epidalea calamita (natter-jack toad) 98 coral reefs 34 ethics 152, 167 see also morality Falkland Islands 30 ethology 11, 181, 200 Fuegians on board The Beagle 157–9, eugenics 191, 192 158 Evidence as to Man’s Place in Nature influence on CD 152–3 (Huxley) 178 slavery 169 Evolution after Darwin (Sol Tax) 116 social sciences 161 evolution, human 177–8, 182–5 see also Syms Covington hired as a servant 54 Descent of Man tortoises, Galápagos Islands 60–1 evolutionism 39 flatworms (phylum Platyhelminthes) Autobiography 67 66–8 barnacles 71 flaxLinum ( species) 130, 141, 144 Erasmus Darwin 203–4 flogging of sailors 153 embarking on Beagle voyage 117 Flora Antarctica (Hooker) 112 fossils 54 Flora of the Galapagos Islands (Wiggins and Galápagos Islands 58–61, 59 Porter) 107 genealogical diagram 63 flowers, dimorphic 141–7, 143, 145 Gould 59–60, 62, 64–5 Flustra (bryozoan genus) 47–8 post Beagle voyage 65 Focke, Wilhelm Olbers 134 transmutation notebooks 62–3, 63 food web, oceanic 51 Wallace 72 Fordyce, John 174 see also The Origin of Species forms of flowers, dimorphic 141–7, 143, experimentation on animals 171–3 145 Trim Size: 156mm x 235mm Porter bindex.tex V3 - 05/21/2015 6:48pm Page 242

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Fossil Cirripedia (Darwin) 72 planning the Beagle voyage 22–4 Fossil Mammalia (Owen) 64 post Beagle voyage 39–43 fossils 12–13, 21, 33, 54 Shrewsbury/Shrewsbury school barnacles 70–2 12–14, 19–21 plants 111–12 soil science/earthworms 214–15, 216 Fox, William Darwin 4, 17, 31 South America 28–34, 35 botany 96 volcanic islands 24–8, 26, 27 ornithology 55 Geology Diary and Notes, Beagle voyage zoology 49, 50, 69, 72, 85 23 Freeman, Richard 137, 141, 147 The Geology of the Voyage of the Beagle fringing coral reefs 37 (Darwin) 24 Fucus loreus (marine algal species) 96 Gérard, Frédérec 71 Fuegia Basket 157–9, 158 Ghilarov, Mercury Sergeevich 216 Fuegians 5, 153, 155–60, 158, 178, 188, Ghiselin, Michael 116, 128 194 glaciation, Wales 15, 16, 21 fungi 102–3, 115–16 Glen Roy Notebooks 38, 40–2 Für Darwin (Müller) 83 God see religion gorillas 80 Galápagos Islands 5 Gould, John 7, 55, 59–60, 62, 64–5 botany 107 Gould, Stephen Jay 216 geology 26,26–8,27 Graff, Otto 216 zoology 27, 56–62, 58, 59 Graham, Robert 96 Galton, Francis 91–2, 185, 189, 192, Grant, Peter and Rosemary 60, 153 203 Grant, Robert Edmund 46, 47–8 Gardeners’ Chronicle 78–9, 118–19, 126, grasses 105, 119–21 138–9, 209 Gray, Asa 75–6, 124, 129, 130, 143, 177 gardening 94, 95 Gray, John Edward 70 Gauchos 155, 156 great black bug of the pampas 56 Geikie, Archibald 21 grief, in animals 196–7 gemmules 89–92 ground flukeFasciola ( terrestris)67 genealogy diagrams 63, 87 Handel, Franz Joseph 176 Erasmus Darwin (grandfather) 201–2 Harvey, William Henry 113 human 185–7 Haughton, Samuel 76 The Geological Evidences of the Antiquity of hawkweeds (Hieracium species) 133 Man (Lyell) 178 Hayes, Michael H. B. 216 Geological Society of Dublin 76 health, Darwin 9, 56, 68, 106, 137, 155, Geological Society of London 20, 40, 41, 207 42, 71, 209 Hensen, Victor 214 geology 4, 11 Henslow, John Stevens 5, 7 Autobiography 205 on Autobiography 205 at Cambridge University 17–19 botany 96–104, 106, 108–10, 114–20, coral reefs 34–9, 37, 38 130–1, 142, 143 at Edinburgh University 14–17 geology 14, 15, 18–22, 25, 26, 30, 32, North Wales 15, 16, 20, 21, 25 35, 39, 50 Origin of Species 42–3 mentorship of CD 153 Trim Size: 156mm x 235mm Porter bindex.tex V3 - 05/21/2015 6:48pm Page 243

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religion 175 insects 44–5, 49, 56, 139, 176 see also zoology 53, 64, 66, 67 beetles Herbert, John Maurice 18, 50, 142 intelligence, earthworms 212–13 Herbert, Sandra 24, 26, 28, 29, 43, 62 Introduction to the Study of Natural Hereditary Genius (Galton) 189 Philosophy (Herschel) 19 Herschel, John 19, 41, 54 invertebrates, Beagle voyage 65–8 see also Heslop-Harrison, John 116 insects heterostyly 141–7, 143, 145 Isla Floreana (Charles Island), Galapagos Hieracium species (hawkweeds) 133 60, 61 Hippocrates 90 Isla Isabela (Albemarle) Island, Galápagos HMS Beagle see Beagle voyage 28, 61 Holmgren, Frithiof 172 Isla San Cristobal (Chatham Island), holyorders,Darwin 4,5,7,16–17,99, Galapagos 57, 58, 60, 61 175 see also religion Isla San Lorenzo 33 Homo habilis/ Homo erectus 179 Isla Santa Mar´ıa 32 Hooker, Joseph Dalton 8, 9, 15 Isla Santiago (James Island), Galapagos on Big Species book 72, 73 28, 60, 61 botanical advice 120–2, 104, 109–19, 126, 134, 143, 151 James Island (Isla Santiago), Galapagos on Earthworms 217 28, 61 on joint papers with Wallace 170, Jameson, Robert 14–16, 21, 41, 46 74–5, 76 Japan, flora 75–6 on Origin of Species 76, 79, 81–2, 89 Jemmy Button 157–9, 158 zoology 69, 70, 71 Jenyns, Leonard 7, 64–5, 67, 68, 100 Hooker, William Jackson 104, 108 joint papers, Darwin-Wallace 9, 73–9, Hope, Thomas Charles 15, 21, 50 167, 169–71, 178 human evolution 177–8, 182–5 see also Journal and Remarks (Darwin) 27, 57, Descent of Man 58, 59, 108–11 human genealogy 185–7 social sciences 153, 154, 155, 156, 165, human remains, South America 33 166, 168 Humboldt, Alexander von 9, 19, 154 Journal of Researches (Darwin) 57, 154 Hume, David 167 see also Voyage of the Beagle Hussey, Arthur 76 Journal of the Proceedings of the Linnean Huxley, Julian 216 Society of London 75 Huxley, Thomas Henry 8, 69, 72, 178, 193 Judd, John Wesley 129 concerning The Origin of Species 79–83, 87–8, 90 Huxley-Wilberforce encounter 80–3 Kaffirs, South Africa 153, 157 Keeling Islands 36–7, 107–8, 118, 164 Illustrations of British Entomology Kemp, William 117 (Stephens) 50 Kettlewell,H.B.D. 216 Indian Ocean, coral reefs 37,37–9,38 Keynes, Richard (great-grandson of Indians, North American 181 Darwin) 51, 52 infant emotion 194–5, 196 King-Hele, Desmond 201 Insectivorous Plants (Darwin) 134–7, Kingsley, Charles 177 135, 139, 150 Kohn, David 101, 116, 125, 138 Trim Size: 156mm x 235mm Porter bindex.tex V3 - 05/21/2015 6:48pm Page 244

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Kotzebue, Otto von 162 Macgillivray, William 46 Krause, Ernst 201 Mackintosh, James 167 Macmillan’s Magazine 80 Lack, David 58–9, 59 Maer Hall, Staffordshire 48, 209, 210, Lamarckism 195 213 language, evolution of 180 Maer hypothesis 209, 210 Lawson, Nicholas 60 Magnan, Valentin 172 Leclerc, George Louis 90 Malthus, Robert 67, 183 leeches (Pontobdella species) 47–8, 96 Mammalia (Waterhouse) 64 Leighton, William 94, 95, 97–8 Manual of Scientific Enquiry (Herschel) Leith Hill Place, Surrey 213, 214 41 Lettington, Henry 141 Maoris 155, 163–4 lichens 114–15 map of Shropshire 19, 20 Life and Letters of Charles Darwin (Francis marine algae, Zoology Notes 113 Darwin) 93, 174, 203 marine arrow worms (phylum The Life of Erasmus Darwin (Darwin) 3 Chaetognatha) 66–8 Linnaean system of plant identification marine iguanas 57–8 95 Martyn, Thomas 100 Linnean Society 75, 76, 170 Materia Medica, lectures on 95–6 Linum (flax species) 130, 141, 144 Matthew, Patrick 78–9 liverworts 112–13 Matthiola sinuata (sea stock) 101 loosestrife (Lythrum salicaria) 130, medicine 4, 14–16 144–6, 145, 145 Mendel, Gregor 90, 92, 132, 132–3, 192, Lowe, Percy 58 203 Lubbock, John 8, 180 Miller, William Hallowes 64 ‘ludicrousness’, of native peoples 157, 161 Milton, John 201 Lyell, Charles 110, 205 Mind: Quarterly Review of Psychology and barnacles 71 Philosophy 200 botany 142 missionaries 157, 159, 161–4 concerning The Origin of Species 76, Mivart, St. George Jackson 193–4 79, 81 mockingbirds, Galápagos 61–2, 63 evolutionism 72–3 molluscs 67 geology 24–5, 33, 34, 38 monkeys, genealogy 186 The Geological Evidences of the Antiquity Monro, Alexander 45 of Man 178 Monte Hermoso 105 on joint papers with Wallace 74–5, Moody, J. W. T. 75 170 moral philosophy 167 mentorship of CD 153 morality 161–2, 180–2, 184, 185 parallel roads of Glen Roy 41 mosses 112–13 post Beagle voyage advice from 39–40 mountain building 33, 34 Principles of Geology 7, 21, 29, 42–3 movement in plants 125, 131, 147–50, Lythrum salicaria (loosestrife) 130, 149 144–6, 145, 145 mullein (Verbascum) 146 Müller, Fritz 83–4, 127, 131, 194 MacCormick, Robert 23–4, 109–10 Murray, Andrew 76 MacCulloch, John 40 Murray, John 76, 84, 129 Trim Size: 156mm x 235mm Porter bindex.tex V3 - 05/21/2015 6:48pm Page 245

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NarrativeofaVoyagetothePacificand ‘On the action of sea water on the Bering’s Strait (Beechey) 162 germination of seeds’ (Darwin) native peoples 11, 155–7, 159, 161, 163, 118–19 166–8, 183 ‘On the denudation of South Wales and the altruism 184 adjacent counties of England’ evolution of humanity 179, 180 (Ramsay) 215 genealogy 186 ‘On the formation of mould (Darwin) human evolution 194 209 morality 181 ‘On the geology of the Falkland Islands’ race 187 (Darwin) 30 religion 180 ‘On the origin of mould’ (Darwin) 209 sexual selection 190–1 OntheOriginofSpeciesseeOriginofSpecies see also specific peoples (e.g. Fuegians, ‘On the Tendency of Species to Form Maoris, etc.) Varieties, and on the Perpetuation natter-jack toad (Epidalea calamita)98 of Varieties and Species by Natural natural history 93, 95, 96, 99, 205 Means of Selection’ and social sciences 152–3 (Darwin-Wallace) 9 see also botany; zoology On the Genesis of Species (Mivart) 193 Natural History Museum, Edinburgh 46 orchids 125–9, 144, 206 natural selection ‘Orchis Bank, near Down House 78, botany 121–2 175–6 humanity 177–8 see also Descent of Origin of Species (Darwin) 9, 10, 69, Man 75–8, 139, 217 zoology 59, 67, 73, 75–7, 79, 82, 84, barnacles 72 86, 89, 91 big species book 73 see also Origin of Species botany 107, 122–4 Natural Theology (Paley) 176 deciding on the title 76 nature nurture debate 195–6 evolution of humanity 177–8 nature of species, research 100–2 geology 42–3 Naval Timber and Arboriculture (Matthew) literature about 78 78–9 pangenesis 86–92 New Zealand 36, 163–4 pigeons 85–6, 87 Niger Flora (William Jackson Hooker) precursors 78–9 104 reception/reviews 79–84 noble savages 161 Ornithological Notes (Darwin) 55, 56, North American Indians 181 61–2 Notebooks (Darwin) 4 ornithology 44, 46, 50, 55, 61–2, 64 novel reading, Darwin 205–6 ‘ostriches’ (rheas) 55–6 ‘Observations on the parallel roads of Glen out-crossing 192 Roy and of other parts of Lochaber Outlines of Comparative Anatomy (Grant) in Scotland, with an attempt to 48 prove that they are of marine origin’ Owen, Fanny 48 (Darwin) 38, 40–2 Owen, Richard 7, 178 barnacles 70 oceanic food web 51 dealing with the Beagle specimens 64, octopuses, Cape Verde Islands 52–3 65 Trim Size: 156mm x 235mm Porter bindex.tex V3 - 05/21/2015 6:48pm Page 246

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Owen, Richard (cont’d) Polytrichum dendroides (moss species) concerning The Origin of Species 112–13 79–82 Pontobdella (leech genus) 47–8, 96 joint papers 75 population, human 183 Oxford, Bishop of 80–3 The Portable Darwin (Porter and Graham) 3 Pacific Ocean, coral reefs 37,37–9,38 prehistoric human remains 33 Paget, Charles Henry 169 The Power of Movement in Plants (Charles Paley, William 99, 167, 176 and Francis Darwin) 147–50, pampas (Argentina and Chile) 56 149 Pancaldi, Giuliano 91 APreliminaryDiscourseontheStudyof pangenesis 86–92, 132 Natural Philosophy (Herschel) 54 Paradise Lost (Milton) 201 Primitive Culture (Tylor) 188 parallel roads of Glen Roy 40–2 primogeniture 184–5, 191 parasitic insects 176 Primula (primrose) 130, 142–4, 143, 146 pasque flower (Pulsatilla vulgaris)98 PrincipiaBotanica;or,aconciseandeasy Patagonia 29 introduction to the sexual botany of penal colony, Australia 165 Linnaeus (Robert Waring Darwin) Period Piece. A Cambridge Childhood 95 (Raverat) 103, 200 The Principles of Descriptive and Personal Narrative of Travels to the Physiological Botany (Henslow) Equinoctial Regions of the New 101 Continent during the Years Principles of Geology (Lyell) 7, 21, 25, 29, 1794–1804 (Humboldt) 19, 154 38, 42–3, 205 Phallus impudicus (stinkhorn) 102–3 The Principles of Moral and Political PhilosophicalCluboftheRoyalSociety Philosophy (Paley) 167 137 Proceedings of the Geological Society of Philosophical Essays: Concerning Human London 209 Understanding (Hume) 167 Professor Henslow’s Botanical Diagrams photography as a research tool 196 97 The Physiology or Mechanism of Blushing Pulsatilla vulgaris (pasque flower) 98 (Burgess) 198 psychology 11 Pickersgill, Barbara 132 pigeon breeding 73, 85–6, 87, 190 Queries about Expressions (Darwin) 196 plankton net 51 Questions about breeding of animals plant breeding see breeding (Darwin) 67–8 plant fossils 111–12 plant identification, Linnaean system 95 rabbit experiments 91–2 plant movements 125, 131, 147–50, 149 races, human 187–8 Plant Notes (Darwin) 112, 113 Ramsay, Andrew 215 plants, vascular 103–11 see also botany Ramsey, Marmaduke 18, 20 Plinian natural history society 47 Raverat, Gwen (granddaughter of Darwin) Poa ligularis (grass species) 105 103, 200 pollen-grain study 98–9 Reade, William Winwood 190 pollination 125–9, 138–47, 143, 145 Red Notebook (Darwin) 62 Polynesian Researches (Ellis) 162 Reef Madness (Dobbs) 38 Trim Size: 156mm x 235mm Porter bindex.tex V3 - 05/21/2015 6:48pm Page 247

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religion 7–8, 10, 180 seed germination, effect of sea water Darwin’s beliefs 152, 153 117–19 Darwin to take up holy orders 4, 5, 7, sense organs, earthworms 211–12 16–17, 99, 175 Setaria barbata (East Indian bristle grass) social sciences 155, 167, 174–7 108 theology at Cambridge University Seward, Albert C. 116 99–100 sexual selection 188–94 Reptiles (Bell) 64–5 sexualsystem,Linnaeansystemofplant rheas 55–6, 63 identification 95 Rhodes, Frank 34–5 Shrewsbury/Shrewsbury school Richter, Jean Paul 178 botany 136 rituals, religious 155 geology 12–14, 19–21 Rivero, Antonio 106 zoology 44–5 Rodwell, John Maurice Medows 17–18, Shropshire, map 19, 20 98, 99 Sicyos angulatus (star-cucumber) 130 Roman villa, Abinger Hall, Surrey 209, slavery 156, 167–9 214 Sloan, Phillip 48 Romanes, George J. 133–4, 135, 213 Smith, Henry 105–6 Royal Commission on the Practice of social sciences 11, 152 Subjecting Live Animals to Australia 164–6 Experiments for Scientific Purposes Autobiography 203–7 172 ‘A Biographical Sketch of an Infant’ Royal Medal of the Royal Society of 195, 199–200 London 71 Chilenos 160–1 Royal Society of London 71, 129–30 embarking on Beagle voyage 152–6 Erasmus Darwin (grandfather) 201–2 ethics/religion 167 Sabine, Edward 130 evolution of humanity 177–8 see also Sagitta (arrow worms) 66 Descent of Man Santa Cruz, Isla de Tenerife, Canary Islands Expression of the Emotions in Man and 52 Animals 194–9 ‘savages’ see native peoples Fuegians 5, 153, 155, 156–60, 158, Saxons 185 178, 188, 194 Scotland, Glen Roy Notebooks 38, 40–2 genealogy 185–7 joint papers with Wallace 169–71 The Scotsman 41 morality 184, 185 sea stock (Matthiola sinuata) 101 New Zealand 163–4 sea water , effect on seeds 117–19 religion 174–7, 180 Secord, James 64–5, 69, 72 slavery 167–9 Sedgwick, Adam 4, 13, 15, 17–21, 22, 42 South Pacific 161–3 post Beagle voyage advice from 39 vivisection and animal experimentation influence on Darwin 205 171–3 influence on Henslow 100 soil science 208, 209, 211, 213–17 religion 175 soldiers, American Civil War 183 volcanic islands 25 South Africa, Kaffirs 153, 157 sedimentary rocks 21 South African Christian Recorder 161 Trim Size: 156mm x 235mm Porter bindex.tex V3 - 05/21/2015 6:48pm Page 248

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South America 35, 156–60, 158 A Treatise on the External, Chemical and South America (Darwin) 24, 28–34, 65, Physical Characters of Minerals 71 (Jameson) 15 South Pacific 161–3 Triatoma infestans (vinchuca bug) 56 species sketch and species essays 68–70, Tristram, Henry Baker 75, 76 118 The Triumph of the Darwinian Method specimens (Ghiselin) 116, 128 botanical 103–4, 107, 115 tropism in plants 147–50, 149 zoological 51–2, 64 Trypanosoma cruzi (protozoan species) sportsmanship, Darwin 4, 44, 48, 50 56 St. Jago, Cape Verde Islands 25–6 Stephens, James Francis 50 Utricularia (bladderworts) 98, 135 stinkhorn fungus (Phallus impudicus) 102–3 Valdivia, South America 32 Stonehenge 210, 213, 215 Valpara´ıso 106 struggle for existence 67 The Variation of Animals and Plants under Strzelecki, Paul Edmund de 166 Domestication sundews (Drosera species) 134–7, 135, (Darwin) 10, 83–91, 121, 124–5, 150 132–4, 139 sunflower (Chiliotrichum diffusum) The various Contrivances by which Orchids 105 are Fertilised by Insects (Darwin) Tahiti/Tahitians 36, 154, 155, 161–2, 163 125–9, 144 tattooing 162, 163–4, 188, 190 vascular plants, Beagle voyage 103–11 taxonomy, Linnaean system 95 vegetable mould 209 Taylor, Thomas 114 Venus’s flytrap (Dionaea muscipula) 136, terraces of Glen Roy 40–2 137 The Times, Huxley-Wilberforce encounter Verbascum (mullein) 146 82 vertebrates, Beagle specimens 64 The Origin of Species see Origin of Species Vestiges of the Natural History of Creation theology, Cambridge University 99–100 [Chambers] 69–70 see also religion Victorian Sensation (Secord) 69 Thomas, Barry 111 A Vindication of the Rights of Woman Tierra del fuego, South America 156–60, (Wollstonecraft) 161 158 vivisection 171–3 toad, natter-jack (Epidalea calamita)98 Volcanic Islands (Darwin) 24–8, 65, 71 Tooke, Horne 178 volcanic tuff, Galapagos Islands 27,27–8 tool-making, evolution of humanity 180 von Humboldt, Alexander 9, 19, 154 tortoises, Galápagos Islands 60–1 The Voyage of the Beagle (Darwin) 9, Transactions of the Geological Society of 52–3, 111, 154 London 209 AVoyageofDiscoveryintotheSouthSeas Transmutation of Species notebooks and Bering’s Straits (von Kotzebue) (Darwin) 1, 9 162 barnacles 71 botany 117 Wales 15, 16, 20, 21, 25 zoology 62–3, 63, 67, 69, 74, 79 Wallace, Alfred Russel 9, 72, 121–2 Trim Size: 156mm x 235mm Porter bindex.tex V3 - 05/21/2015 6:48pm Page 249

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joint papers with Darwin 9, 73–9, 167, embarking on Beagle voyage 51–2 169–71, 178 finches, Galapagos Islands 27, 58–60, Waterhouse,GeorgeR. 7,64–5 59 Waterton, Charles 46 fossils, Argentina 54 Way, Albert 49,49 frigatebirds, Galápagos Islands 56–7, Wedgwood family 3, 4, 5, 9, 48, 155, 167, 58 203, 209, 214 great black bug, Argentina and Chile Westwood, J. O. 66 56 Whately, Richard 178 invertebrates 65–8 Whewell, William 33 joint papers, Darwin-Wallace 9, 73–9, White, Gilbert 17, 44, 208 167, 169–71, 178 Whitsunday Island 38 marine iguanas, Galápagos Islands Wiener, Jonathan 60 57–8 Wiesner, Julius 150 mockingbirds, Galápagos 61–2 Wilberforce, Samuel 80–3 octopuses, Cape Verde Islands 52–3 The Formation of Vegetable Mould, rheas, Uruguay and Argentina 55–6 through the Action of Worms at Shrewsbury 44–5 (Earthworms, Darwin) 11, 125, species sketch and essay 68–70 208–17 Syms Covington is hired as a servant Wollaston medal, Geological Society of 54–5 London 42, 71 tortoises, Galápagos Islands 60–1 Wollstonecraft, Mary 161 transmutation notebooks 62–3, 63, worm stone, Down House, Surrey 210, 67, 69, 71, 74, 79 211 see also earthworms see also Origin of Species Zoology (five part volume—various Yarrell, William 85 authors) 64–5 yellow flax (Linum flavum) 141, 144 The Zoology of H.M.S. Beagle (Darwin ed.) York Minster 157–9 7, 29, 63–5 Zoology Diary, Beagle voyage 23 zoology 5, 7, 10, 11 Zoology Notes (Darwin) 51–2, 57, 61, Big Species Book 72–3 115 at Cambridge University 48–51 flatworms 66–7 Chaetognatha 66–8 marine algae 113 Cirripedia 70–2 Zoonomia (Erasmus Darwin) 4, 204 at Edinburgh University 45–8 Zuk, Marlene 19 4