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Libro: Leer En Tiempos De La Colonia: Imprenta, Bibliotecas Y Lectores En La Nueva España

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Libro: Leer En Tiempos De La Colonia: Imprenta, Bibliotecas Y Lectores En La Nueva España La presente obra está bajo una licencia de: hhttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/dettp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/deed d.es_MX.es_MX Esto es un resumen fácilmente legible del: texto legal (de la licencia completa) En los casos que sea usada la presente obra, deben respetarse los términos especificados en esta licencia. Leer en tiempos de la Colonia: imprenta, bibliotecas y lectores en la Nueva España COLECCIÓN SISTEMAS BIBLIOTECARIOS DE INFORMACIÓN Y SOCIEDAD Centro Universitario de Investigaciones Bibliotecológicas Leer en tiempos de la Colonia: imprenta, bibliotecas y lectores en la Nueva España Compiladores Idalia García Aguilar Pedro Rueda Ramírez Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México 2010 Z210 Leer en tiempos de la Colonia: imprenta, bibliotecas y lec- L47M4 tores en la Nueva España /compiladores, Idalia García Aguilar, Pedro Rueda Ramírez. – México: UNAM/ Centro Universitario de Investigaciones Bibliotecológicas, 2010. ix, 384 p. (Sistemas Bibliotecarios de Información y Sociedad) ISBN: 978-607-02-0750-1 1. Imprenta – México – Historia – siglo XVI 2. Castañeda Carmen – Homenajes 3. Libros y Lectura – Historia – Nue- va España I. García Aguilar, Idalia, comp. II. Rueda Ramí- rez, Pedro, comp. III. ser Diseño de portada: Mario Ocampo Chávez Primera Edición 2010 DR © UNIVERSIDAD NACIONAL AUTÓNOMA DE MÉXICO Ciudad Universitaria, 04510, México D.F. Impreso y hecho en México ISBN: 978-607-02-0750-1 Contenido PRESENTACIÓN..................................................... ix Idalia García Aguilar APRENDER DE LOS MAESTROS LA PRIMERA IMPRENTA EN MÉXICO Y SUS OFICIALES . 3 Clive Griffin LEER DE LA INFANCIA A LA VEJEZ. EL BUEN ORDEN DE LAS LECTURAS EN LA COLONIA . 21 Pilar Gonzalbo Aizpuru LA HISTORIOGRAFÍA DEL LIBRO EN AMÉRICA HISPANA: UN ESTADO DE LA CUESTIÓN . 55 Teodoro Hampe Martínez HOMENAJE A LA DRA. CARMEN CASTAÑEDA TRES ENCUENTROS CON CARMEN CASTAÑEDA . 75 Laura Suárez de la Torre CARMEN CASTAÑEDA GARCÍA (1941-2007) EN EL RECUERDO DE UN COLEGA PERUANO . 83 Teodoro Hampe Martínez HOMENAJE A CARMEN CASTAÑEDA . 95 Pedro Rueda Ramírez UNA VIDA DE VOCACIÓN Y AVENTURA EN LA DOCENCIA Y LA HISTORIA: LA MAESTRA CARMEN CASTAÑEDA . 103 Marcela Zúñiga SOBRE LIBROS LAS LIBRERÍAS EUROPEAS Y EL NUEVO MUNDO: CIRCUITOS DE DISTRIBUCIÓN ATLÁNTICA DEL LIBRO EN EL MUNDO MODERNO . 113 Pedro Rueda Ramírez DOS MOMENTOS EN LA RECEPCIÓN DE UNA OBRA: EL CASO DEL VERDADERO ANTÍDOTO CONTRA LOS MALOS LIBROS… DE NICOLAS JAMIN, PRESENTE EN UNA BIBLIOTECA ZACATECANA . 137 María Isabel Terán Elizondo ¿ORNAMENTOS TIPOGRÁFICOS? LAS MUJERES EN EL MUNDO DEL LIBRO ANTIGUO. ALGUNAS NOTICIAS BIOBIBLIOGRÁFICAS . 163 Marina Garone Gravier DE BIBLIOTECAS FONDO DE ORIGEN DE LA BIBLIOTECA DEL CONVENTO-HOSPITAL DE LA ORDEN HOSPITALARIA DE NUESTRA SEÑORA DE BELÉN DE LA CIUDAD DE PUEBLA . 217 Jonatan Moncayo Ramírez BIBLIOTECAS PARTICULARES DE LOS JESUITAS EN ZACATECAS SIGLO XVIII . 237 Emilia Recéndez Guerrero LA BIBLIOTECA DE DON JOSÉ DE PEÓN VALDÉS, LETRADO ILUSTRADO OVETENSE EN LA INTENDENCIA DE ZACATECAS . 253 José Enciso Contreras SUMA DE BIBLIOTECAS NOVOHISPANAS: HACIA UN ESTADO DE LA INVESTIGACIÓN . 281 Idalia García Aguilar HISTORIA DE LA BIBLIOTECA “ELÍAS AMADOR” DE ZACATECAS . 309 Josefina Nava Sánchez EL PASADO, POR FORTUNA, SIEMPRE VUELVE AMBIFA, A. C.: COOPERACIÓN INTERINSTITUCIONAL PARA LA SALVAGUARDA DEL PATRIMONIO DOCUMENTAL MEXICANO . 331 Manuel de Santiago Hernández LAS MARCAS DE FUEGO: PROPUESTA DE UNA METODOLOGÍA PARA SU IDENTIFICACIÓN . 341 Mercedes Isabel Salomón Salazar Andrew Green Presentación l conjunto patrimonial que engloba al libro antiguo es el cen- tro del interés y del quehacer de numerosos investigadores que Ebuscan en éste, los testimonios de su sola existencia material, pero también de su uso. Son las bibliotecas mexicanas que resguar- dan fondos antiguos los sitios en los cuales tiene o debería tener lugar la feliz concurrencia entre custodios y usuarios; encuentro que no se- ría sólo espacial sino convergente en cuanto a la necesidad imperiosa de salvaguardar esos bienes culturales. Como muestra de estos espacios privilegiados de la cultura escri- ta, la Biblioteca “Elías Amador” acogió durante tres días de octubre del 2007 el seminario “Leer en tiempos de la Colonia: imprenta, bibliotecas y lectores en América”. No fue ésta una actividad aislada, sino la suma de muchos intereses y la construcción de un camino común a través del Seminario del Libro Antiguo del Centro Universitario de Investigaciones Bibliotecológicas de la UNAM, fundado en el 2004. Este espacio de tra- bajo académico convocó a varios especialistas para reflexionar sobre la lectura, los libros y las bibliotecas durante el periodo de la dominación española. La respuesta a esta convocatoria fue más entusiasta de lo que es- perábamos y permitió que investigadores como Clive Griffin, Pilar Gon- zalbo y Carmen Castañeda formaran parte de nuestras preocupaciones. ix Leer en tiempos de la Colonia:... Lamentablemente la larga enfermedad de la doctora Castañeda no nos permitió gozar de su presencia y conocimiento. Su fallecimiento nos embargó a todos de pena, tanto a quienes la conocían personalmente como a quienes sólo supieron de ella a través de sus libros y artículos. Pero la tristeza dio lugar a un emotivo homenaje, cuyos textos se in- tegran a esta edición para que otros conozcan el testimonio de una figura invaluable para el conocimiento de la cultura escrita; no la olvi- daremos nunca. El escenario extraordinario de la ciudad de Zacatecas y la hospitalidad de la biblioteca “Elías Amador”, la Universidad Autó- noma de Zacatecas, la Dirección General de Bibliotecas del Gobierno del Estado de esa entidad, y especialmente el apoyo de la Secretaría de Relaciones Exteriores de México, permitió que un importante grupo de investigadores se reuniera para debatir, reflexionar y dar cuenta de sus trabajos en un programa académico de tres días y así consolidar redes de trabajo. Los textos que aquí se presentan dan una idea de la rica reflexión que puede tener un tema tan ambicioso como la cultura escrita. La falta de presencia de investigadores que trabajan la misma materia so- bre el territorio americano durante la dominación española, nos obli- ga a titular esta edición y por tanto, contextualizar en el Virreinato de la Nueva España. Aquí se han reunido tanto textos que nos muestran una visión general de la cultura novohispana, como aquellos que con- sideran las formas de distribución de los libros, así como la recepción que éstos tienen. También el lector encontrará una mirada al mundo femenino de la imprenta, e historias de bibliotecas particulares e ins- titucionales. Cierran nuestra edición dos trabajos que nos recuerdan la enorme responsabilidad que tienen los fondos antiguos mexicanos para rescatar y salvaguardar el legado que les corresponde. Estos últi- mos dan cuenta de varios intereses, pero manifiestan el enorme com- promiso con la colaboración y el intercambio que requiere el trabajo patrimonial de las colecciones bibliográficas que hemos heredado de nuestro rico pasado colonial. Esta edición se suma a otros productos impresos con los que el Se- minario del Libro Antiguo pretende contribuir al conocimiento y so- cialización de la cultura escrita con rigor académico, pero sin sacrifi- car ni escatimar los detalles que cada texto nos aporta. De esta manera x Presentación y con todo el entusiasmo esperamos que los lectores de estos textos aprecien la manera en que los libros han estado presentes en la coti- dianidad de la historia, para que la herencia cultural encuentre siem- pre voluntarios que la conozcan, la defiendan y hallen caminos para transmitirla. Así lo hubiese deseado también Carmen Castañeda, que en paz descanse. Idalia García Aguilar xi APRENDER DE LOS MAESTROS La primera imprenta en México y sus oficiales CLIVE GRIFFIN Trinity College Oxford, Inglaterra a historia del libro es un campo amplísimo y cada día más fasci- nante gracias a la aportación de nuevos datos por parte de los in- Lvestigadores; más, si cabe, cuando están elaborados y se combi- nan con nuevas metodologías de análisis. En cuanto al estudio del libro antiguo, sigue resultando útil la frase ya clásica de Robert Darnton del ‘circuito de comunicación’ que abarca la producción y el consumo de la información.1 Este circuito tiene numerosas facetas, por ejemplo, el autor, el manuscrito que éste escribe, el editor que hace imprimir ese manuscrito (o una nueva edición de un libro que ya anda impreso), la multiplicación mecánica de ejemplares en la imprenta, la censura a la que a veces tiene que someterse tanto el manuscrito como el libro im- preso, la distribución de los ejemplares a los libreros, su venta al lector, la lectura e interpretación de lo escrito y la conservación de ejemplares del libro en bibliotecas institucionales o colecciones privadas. Como anota Darnton, este proceso dista mucho de ser una simple cadena li- neal. Por ejemplo, aunque el autor escribe lo que al final consumen los lectores, éstos también influyen al autor, que en muchos casos escribe 1 Robert Darnton, ‘What is the History of the Book?’, Daedalus, 111/3 (1982), pp. 65-83. 3 Leer en tiempos de la Colonia:... para satisfacer una demanda que ya existe entre ellos. El editor que decide lo que se va a publicar y distribuir a los libreros está a su vez influido por éstos, ya que sólo suele financiar títulos que los libreros estarán dispuestos a comprar para luego distribuirlos. Así, más que una simple cadena, se trata de una malla de intereses e influencias mutuas que tenemos que estudiar desde toda una serie de enfoques complementarios e interdisciplinarios Mi campo de investigación en esta malla es la producción del libro; es decir, una de las fases más básicas del llamado ‘circuito de comuni- cación’. Esta comunicación se enfoca en los impresores del siglo XVI por la sencilla razón de que éste es el aspecto que mejor conozco. Lle- vo muchos años investigando dos temas al respecto. El primero es la historia de la dinastía Cromberger, una familia de impresores de ori- gen alemán que dominó la producción del libro impreso en la Sevilla de la primera mitad de aquel siglo, y que luego estableció en México su famosa sucursal.
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