DOCSLIB.ORG

Fr. Pedro De Gante and His Missionary Work in New Spain

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Fr. Pedro De Gante and His Missionary Work in New Spain Books and codices. Transculturation, language dissemination and education in the works of friar Pedro de Gante Thesis Submitted for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy at the University College London UCL by Estefanía Yunes Vincke Spanish and Latin American Studies UCL September 2014 1 I, Estefanía Yunes Vincke confirm that the work presented in this thesis is my own. Where information has been derived from other sources, I confirm that this has been indicated in the thesis. Abstract The present study analyses the work of Flemish Franciscan missionary fray Pedro de Gante (1480-1572) against the background of the early stages of the evangelization in New Spain, modern-day Mexico. By means of his works the Catecismo en Pictogramas [ca.1527], the Doctrina Christiana en Lengua Mexicana [1547] and the Cartilla para enseñar a leer [1569] Gante played a fundamental role in the processes of transculturation playing out between European missionaries and the Nahua populations of the Valley of Mexico. The role of Gante as a transcendental figure of cultural contact has been often neglected; previous studies on the subject have only focused on general aspects of Gante’s biography. A thorough, comparative study of Gante’s works that ingrains them in the wider context of the early years of the evangelization (1524-1572) has never been done before. The present work aims to fill this void. The important role Gante and his works played in the process of transculturation is demonstrated through an interdisciplinary contextual framework that employs agency theory, New Philology, Colonial semiosis and annales theory. This study shows that Gante’s works represent the initial stages of a translation process in which Christian doctrine was converted into Nahuatl. This process was by no means straightforward and involved the translation of an entire set of cultural and cosmological referents from one system of beliefs to another. Gante’s works are at the forefront of this development and this research demonstrates clearly how Gante developed, drawing on his unique cultural and social background, novel evangelical strategies which involved the active participation of both missionaries and the Nahuas themselves. The significance of this, cannot be overlooked, with the translation Gante started an open-dialogue with the Nahuas. Showing that the evangelization of Mexico was not a simple process of imposition, but a complex process in which the different elements of society had a voice and accommodated and negated the influence of the other while constructing new cultural categories. 2 Para mi madre, Yvette Vincke, por todos esos paseos en mi infancia por las calles del centro, e introducirme con tus historias a Fray Pedro. Para Sirius, por siempre. 3 Acknowledgments I would like to thank my main supervisor Dr. Alexander Samson for believing in me, making it possible for me to pursue my PhD studies at the University College London. His support and guidance throughout this thesis have been fundamental for its completion. Dr. Baquedano has also been a fundamental part in this process; her valuable comments on Mexica culture and religion have enriched this work in numerous ways. Dr. Graham equally offered up of her valuable time by reading and extensively commenting upon my work. Her insightful comments were indispensable to successfully complete this work. I am very grateful to the Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnología (CONACYT) and the Faculty Institute of Graduate Studies (FIGS) for supporting me financially by bestowing me with scholarships. Without their contribution this thesis would not have been possible. I also would like to thank the staff from the Archivo General de la Nación who kindly helped me to print Fr. Pedro’s Doctrina. I would especially like to thank Dr. Frances Deepwell and her lovely family. I am very grateful for her multiple revisions of my text and her willingness to help. Her support was indispensable in times when I was full of doubts and at the same time trying to achieve a pb in parkrun. I also would like to thank Wim and Ria van der Enden who provided me with support in the time of need. Porque hay algunas cosas que es mejor decir en español. Quisiera agradecer a Claudia Porras, quien ha sido parte de mi largo viaje desde licenciatura hasta doctorado y que ha estado conmigo después de tantos años y a pesar de la distancia. Esas copias, las conversaciones y las malteadas en el Roxy fueron indispensables para la culminación de este trabajo. Yvette, quien no solo me llevo cuando niña a pasear por las calles del centro, mientras me contaba las historias de mi ciudad y que me introdujo al otro Belga en México, Fr. Pedro de Gante, quiero agradecerte por tu apoyo incondicional, por escuchar mis angustias, y por acompañarme en mis investigaciones. A Salem y a Mefis por estar a mi lado y distraerme de mil maneras en momentos de estrés y cansancio. And finally I would like to thank Dr. Mark, you know all you have done. 4 Table of Contents List of Figures ......................................................................................................................................... 9 List of Tables ........................................................................................................................................ 13 Introduction ........................................................................................................................................... 14 Aim and goals ................................................................................................................................... 17 Structure ............................................................................................................................................ 19 Some last remarks ............................................................................................................................. 21 Part One ................................................................................................................................................ 23 Chapter 1: Conceptual framework and methods ............................................................................... 24 1.1Conceptual background............................................................................................................ 25 1.1.1 New Philology ................................................................................................................. 26 1.1.2 Colonial Semiosis ............................................................................................................ 28 1.1.3 Annales theory ................................................................................................................. 30 1.1.4 Agency Theory ................................................................................................................. 31 1.1.5 Communication amongst cultures: entextualization and intersemiotic translation. ......... 32 1.1.6 Transculturation, Syncretism and Hybridity .................................................................... 33 1.1.6.1 Syncretism ................................................................................................................. 36 1.1.6.2 Hybridity ................................................................................................................... 39 1.1.7 Nepantla and the Middle Ground ..................................................................................... 41 1.2 Method .................................................................................................................................... 46 1.3 An interdisciplinary approach ................................................................................................. 49 Chapter 2: Historiographical accounts on Fr. Pedro de Gante and Previous studies ........................ 52 2.1 Historiographical Accounts ..................................................................................................... 52 2.2 Previous studies on Gante ....................................................................................................... 60 2.2.1 Recent scholarship ........................................................................................................... 62 2.2.1.1 Recent Scholarship on The Catecismo en Pictogramas ............................................ 62 2.2.1.2 Recent Scholarship on the Doctrina Christiana ........................................................ 65 2.2.1.3 Recent Scholarship on the Cartilla ............................................................................ 66 2.3 The present work ..................................................................................................................... 67 Part Two ................................................................................................................................................ 73 Chapter 3: Gante’s Europe. Introduction to Gante and his background ........................................... 74 3.1 Pedro de Mura ......................................................................................................................... 75 3.1.1The court of Archduke Maximilian I ................................................................................ 80 3.1.2 Gante’s education ............................................................................................................. 83 5 3.1.2.1 The Devotio Moderna movement and Gante ............................................................ 84
Load more

Recommended publications
  • ''Trama Y Fondo''-DELETREO...-Luis Bueno Ochoa
    DELETREO (DES)ENCANTADO DE UNA DESPEDIDA Visionado y escucha flotantes de «El hombre que casi conoció a Michi Panero» LUIS BUENO OCHOA Resumen: Lo central del trabajo es la exposición de un comentario, estrofa por estrofa, de un videoclip de la canción «El hombre que casi conoció a Michi Panero», de Nacho Vegas. Antes, se incluye una supuesta explicación de hasta dónde se pretende llegar. Y, después, sobreviene un apartado final a partir de lo que hemos denominado expiacion. Palabras clave: Familia Panero, Desencanto, Despedida, Muerte. Abstract: The heart of the work is exposing a comment, verse by verse, a video clip of the song «The man who almost met Michi Panero » by Nacho Vegas. Previously it included a supposed explanation of how far it intends to reach. And then a final section comes from what we have called expiation. Keywords: Panero Family, Disenchantment, Farewell, Death. «En esta vida se puede ser de todo menos un coñazo» (Michi Panero) I. EXPLICACIÓN Explicar las causas sin comprender el sentido, o viceversa, puede ser, qué duda cabe, una pretensión fútil. Pero también puede consistir en un ejercicio en el que, a fuerza de confundir explicar y comprender, las causas y el sentido, lleguemos a plantearnos qué hemos querido decir con el título –y el subtítulo– del encabezamiento; y, ya de paso, tratar de ir desentrañando qué es lo que se va ir encontrando, paso a paso, mejor dicho, estrofa a estrofa, el lector. El título del trabajo, de disposición tripartita, alude al qué , cómo y para qué. Página 1 de 13 Qué; una apuesta por el deletreo, apegado al consabido in claris non fit interpretatio, es lo que anima al comentario al que se presta el videoclip de la canción «El hombre que casi conoció a Michi Panero», de Nacho Vegas (Limbo Starr, 2005).
    [Show full text]
  • Iconografía Y Dramaturgia Medieval En Las Octavas Sobre El Juicio Final De Francisco De Aldana
    Iconografía y dramaturgia medieval en las Octavas sobre el Juicio Final de Francisco de Aldana Lola González, Universitat de Lleida Las Octavas sobre el Juicio final de Aldana cuentan con una tradición literaria, iconográfica y dramática tan vasta y compleja que abordarla mínimamente rebasaría los límites de un trabajo como éste. Es por ello que no pretendo en esta comunicación identificar concienzudamente las fuentes que pudieron inspirar al poeta sino establecer algunas coincidencias, que tampoco tienen porqué ser exactas, con dos ámbitos culturales concretos (como son el de la iconografía y la dramaturgia medievales) con los que conecta en la intencionalidad espiritual ascético- didáctica y en el enfoque o procedimiento de elaboración consistente, en alcanzar un realismo extremo que persigue la reflexión al tiempo que la catarsis del receptor. En la literatura española, concretamente en el ámbito de la poesía, las Octavas de Aldana introducen una nota de originalidad al desarrollar, de forma impresionista y conmovedora, un tema de clara raigambre medieval, prácticamente desplazado por la nueva ideología clásica paganizante que se implanta con la llegada del Renacimiento, y cuyo antecedente más próximo en el ámbito poético lo constituyen los Signos que aparecerán antes del Juicio final de Gonzalo de Berceo.1 Desde que el Juicio final tentara al autor de Los milagros de Nuestra Señora este tema desaparece de la poesía española hasta ser recuperado, en la segunda mitad del siglo XVI, por Aldana, quizá el autor más polifacético y controvertido de la literatura española del momento. Junto con la literatura, el Arte medieval de toda la Europa Occidental también se hizo ampliamente eco del tema.
    [Show full text]
  • Scolari-Carlos-Hipermediaciones.Pdf
    HIPERMEDIACIONES Elementos para una Teoría de la Comunicecion Digital Interactiva Carlos Scolari © Carlos Scolari, 2008 Imagen de cubierta: Carlos Scolari Primera edición: septiembre de 2008, Barcelona Derechos reservados para todas las ediciones en castellano © Editorial Gedisa, S.A. Avenida Tibidabo, 12,3° 08022 Barcelona, España Te!. 93 253 09 04 Fax 93 253 09 '05 Correo electrónico: [email protected] http://www.gedisa.com Preimpresión: Editor Service S.L. Diagonal 299, enrresol l" - 08013 Barcelona ISBN: 978-84-9784-273-0 Depósito legal: B. 38474-2008 Impreso por Sagrafic cultura Libre Impreso en España Printed in Spain Queda prohibida la reproducción total o parcial por cualquier medio de impresión, en forma idéntica, extractada o modificada, en castellano o en cualquier otro idioma. , . Indice Presentación ........................................ .. 13 Introducción. Des-haciendo teorías. .................... .. 21 PRIMERA PARTE: El saber comunicacional ............. .. 29 1. Teoría y comunicación frente al fantasma digital . .. 31 1.1. Hablar las teorías de la comunicación .. .. 33 1.1.1. Organizar las conversaciones del campo comunicacional 34 1.2. ¿Una mirada comunicacional? 43 1.2.1. Entre cientificismo y ensayismo . .. 43 1.2.2. Una semiosfera posbabélica .................... .. 50 1.2.3. Sintomas de una crisis . .. 55 1.2.4. Últimas imágenes del naufragio: los modelos 58 1.3. La mirada transdisciplinaria: ¿un mito posmoderno? ....... .. 60 1.3.1. Un campo conversacional centrífugo ............. .. 65 2. De los nuevos medios a las hipermediaciones ............... .. 69 2.1. Construir el objeto ............................... .. 72 2.1.1. The new thing 72 2.1.2. Digitalizaciones 80 2.1.3. Hipertextualidades 83 H¡PERMEDIACIONES 8 2.1.4. Reticularidades ............................. .. 87 2.1.5.
    [Show full text]
  • On the Colonization of Amerindian Languages and Memories: Renaissance Theories of Writing and the Discontinuity of the Classical Tradition Author(S): Walter D
    On the Colonization of Amerindian Languages and Memories: Renaissance Theories of Writing and the Discontinuity of the Classical Tradition Author(s): Walter D. Mignolo Source: Comparative Studies in Society and History, Vol. 34, No. 2 (Apr., 1992), pp. 301-330 Published by: Cambridge University Press Stable URL: http://www.jstor.org/stable/178948 Accessed: 29/09/2010 07:53 Your use of the JSTOR archive indicates your acceptance of JSTOR's Terms and Conditions of Use, available at http://www.jstor.org/page/info/about/policies/terms.jsp. JSTOR's Terms and Conditions of Use provides, in part, that unless you have obtained prior permission, you may not download an entire issue of a journal or multiple copies of articles, and you may use content in the JSTOR archive only for your personal, non-commercial use. Please contact the publisher regarding any further use of this work. Publisher contact information may be obtained at http://www.jstor.org/action/showPublisher?publisherCode=cup. Each copy of any part of a JSTOR transmission must contain the same copyright notice that appears on the screen or printed page of such transmission. JSTOR is a not-for-profit service that helps scholars, researchers, and students discover, use, and build upon a wide range of content in a trusted digital archive. We use information technology and tools to increase productivity and facilitate new forms of scholarship. For more information about JSTOR, please contact [email protected]. Cambridge University Press is collaborating with JSTOR to digitize, preserve and extend access to Comparative Studies in Society and History.
    [Show full text]
  • The Toro Historical Review
    THE TORO HISTORICAL REVIEW Native Communities in Colonial Mexico Under Spanish Colonial Rule Vannessa Smith THE TORO HISTORICAL REVIEW Prior to World War II and the subsequent social rights movements, historical scholarship on colonial Mexico typically focused on primary sources left behind by Iberians, thus revealing primarily Iberian perspectives. By the 1950s, however, the approach to covering colonial Mexican history changed with the scholarship of Charles Gibson, who integrated Nahuatl cabildo records into his research on Tlaxcala.1 Nevertheless, in his subsequent book The Aztecs under Spanish Rule Gibson went back to predominantly Spanish sources and thus an Iberian lens to his research.2 It was not until the 1970s and 80s that U.S. scholars, under the leadership of James Lockhart, developed a methodology called the New Philology, which focuses on native- language driven research on colonial Mexican history.3 The New Philology has become an important research method in the examination of native communities and the ways in which they changed and adapted to Spanish rule while also holding on to some of their own social and cultural practices and traditions. This historiography focuses on continuities and changes in indigenous communities, particularly the evolution of indigenous socio-political structures and socio-economic relationships under Spanish rule, in three regions of Mexico: Central Mexico, Yucatan, and Oaxaca. Pre-Conquest Community Structure As previously mentioned, Lockhart provided the first scholarship following the New Philology methodology in the United States and applied it to Central Mexico. In his book, The Nahuas After the Conquest, Lockhart lays out the basic structure of Nahua communities in great detail.4 The Nahua, the prominent indigenous group in Central Mexico, organized into communities called altepetl.
    [Show full text]
  • The Development of Marian Doctrine As
    INTERNATIONAL MARIAN RESEARCH INSTITUTE UNIVERSITY OF DAYTON, OHIO in affiliation with the PONTIFICAL THEOLOGICAL FACULTY MARIANUM ROME, ITALY By: Elizabeth Marie Farley The Development of Marian Doctrine as Reflected in the Commentaries on the Wedding at Cana (John 2:1-5) by the Latin Fathers and Pastoral Theologians of the Church From the Fourth to the Seventeenth Century A Dissertation submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctorate in Sacred Theology with specialization in Marian Studies Director: Rev. Bertrand Buby, S.M. Marian Library/International Marian Research Institute University of Dayton 300 College Park Dayton, OH 45469-1390 2013 i Copyright © 2013 by Elizabeth M. Farley All rights reserved Printed in the United States of America Nihil obstat: François Rossier, S.M., STD Vidimus et approbamus: Bertrand A. Buby S.M., STD – Director François Rossier, S.M., STD – Examinator Johann G. Roten S.M., PhD, STD – Examinator Thomas A. Thompson S.M., PhD – Examinator Elio M. Peretto, O.S.M. – Revisor Aristide M. Serra, O.S.M. – Revisor Daytonesis (USA), ex aedibus International Marian Research Institute, et Romae, ex aedibus Pontificiae Facultatis Theologicae Marianum, die 22 Augusti 2013. ii Dedication This Dissertation is Dedicated to: Father Bertrand Buby, S.M., The Faculty and Staff at The International Marian Research Institute, Father Jerome Young, O.S.B., Father Rory Pitstick, Joseph Sprug, Jerome Farley, my beloved husband, and All my family and friends iii Table of Contents Prėcis.................................................................................. xvii Guidelines........................................................................... xxiii Abbreviations...................................................................... xxv Chapter One: Purpose, Scope, Structure and Method 1.1 Introduction...................................................... 1 1.2 Purpose............................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Sacramental Signification: Eucharistic Poetics from Chaucer to Milton
    Sacramental Signification: Eucharistic Poetics from Chaucer to Milton Shaun Ross Department of English McGill University, Montreal August 2016 A thesis submitted to McGill University in partial fulfillment of the requirements of the degree of Doctor of Philosophy © Shaun Ross 2016 i Table of Contents Abstract……………………………………………………………………………………………ii Resumé……………………………………………………………………………………………iv Acknowledgements…………………………………………………………………………….....vi Introduction………………………………………………………………………………………..1 Chapter One: Medieval Sacraments: Immanence and Transcendence in The Pearl-poet and Chaucer………...23 Chapter Two: Southwell’s Mass: Sacrament and Self…………………………………………………………..76 Chapter Three: Herbert’s Eucharist: Giving More……………………………………………………………...123 Chapter Four: Donne’s Communions………………………………………………………………………….181 Chapter Five: Communion in Two Kinds: Milton’s Bread and Crashaw’s Wine……………………………. 252 Epilogue: The Future of Presence…………………………………………………………………………325 Works Cited…………………………………………………………………………………….330 ii Abstract This dissertation argues that in early modern England the primary theoretical models by which poets understood how language means what it means were applications of eucharistic theology. The logic of this thesis is twofold, based firstly on the cultural centrality of the theology and practice of the eucharist in early modern England, and secondly on the particular engagement of poets within that social and intellectual context. My study applies this conceptual relationship, what I call “eucharistic poetics,” to English religious and
    [Show full text]
  • BSB-Journal.De 2/2017 Theologische Zeitschrift Für Gemeinde Und Mission
    BSB-Journal.de 2/2017 Theologische Zeitschrift für Gemeinde und Mission Nr. 14 Dezember 2017 Bibelseminar Bonn e.V. Ehrental 2-4 53332 Bornheim Menschen mit dem Evangelium erreichen Inhalt R.E.A.C.H.-Konferenz 2017 . 4 Kopie von der TAN Webseite Die Weisen aus dem Morgenland ... 7 Dietmar Schulze Brücken bauen und Barrieren überwinden für das Evangelium . 13 Craig Ott Gemeinden russlanddeutschen Ursprungs . 22 Johannes Dyck Geistlicher Aufbruch in Borowsk nach den Erinnerungen von Elisabeth Schneider . 28 Stefan Fröhlich Irrwege evangelischer Landeskirchen . 38 Friedhelm Jung Seid klug wie die Schlangen und ohne Falsch wie die Tauben . 58 Gerhard Schmidt Musik in Mission . 61 Johannes Schröder English Anabaptists in the Sixteenth Century . 73 Heinrich Kehler Theological Affinity Between Augustine and Bucer on Justification . 91 Dongsun Cho Rezensionen . 126 © Bibelseminar Bonn e.V., Ehrental 2-4, 53332 Bornheim, Herausgeber: H. Derksen, F. Jung, G. Schmidt. Redaktion: D. Schulze, [email protected], Satz: J. Dyck 2 BSB-Journal.de 2-2017 ISSN: 2192-421X Vorwort Liebe Leser und Leserinnen, es ist mir eine besondere Freude, Ih- nen und Euch diese Ausgabe des BSB- Journals zu präsentieren. Es ist die bis- lang umfangreichste Ausgabe. Es gibt wie gewohnt deutsche und englische Texte. Ich würde mich freuen, wenn Sie den Link zum BSB-Journal teilen wür- den: www.bsb-journal.de. Viel Freude beim Lesen wünscht, Dietmar Schulze Preface Dear readers, It is a special joy for me to present to you this edition of the BSB-Journal. It is our most comprehensive edition. The texts are as usual in German and Eng- lish.
    [Show full text]
  • Modern Devotion the Northern Renaissance and Religious
    Turning Points:God’s Faithfulness in Christian History 4. Religious Awakening: Modern Devotion below: Begijnhof/ Beguinage, Bruges Context : Renaissance 1300-1500 “Renaissance”= re-birth / discovery of “Classical Ancient World”= Greece & Roman (600 BC--300 AD) “Humanism” = method to recover & study ancient texts. Discovery of ancient wisdom challenged existing authorities (church, kings): “Veritas, non auctoritas facit legem” (truth, not authority makes the law); truth in original texts & languages: Hebrew, Greek, Aramaic, Arabic, classical Latin. All Truth is God’s Truth Arthur F. Holmes, All Truth Is God’s Truth (Eerdmans, 1977). Long-time Wheaton College philosopher 2 Rise of Spirituality Problem of “Spirituality” for medieval laity & individual: (1) Few “religious” (nuns), monks, & priests w/some access to spirituality; (2) Laity mediated only through institutional Christendom (& rise of papacy). Lacked: access to Bible (esp. own language); God very distant (in heaven judging) & Jesus divinity, not humanity; no developed sense of individual/personal piety; almost no education about doctrine. CHANGE 1. Renaissance: 1300-1500 = re-birth of antiquity. 2. Christology: from almost solely divine Jesus to more human Jesus. 3. Mysticism allowed individual quest to know God & Self with heightened awareness of role of “conscience” & individual responsibility. Rise of Spirituality 4. “Devotio Moderna ” (modern devotion) movement northern Europe: Beguines, Brethren of the Common Life, & new Augustinian Order1256, education & publication. 5. Crises 14th c.: breakdown Christendom (2-3 popes);100 Yrs. War; Bubonic Plague; Peasant revolts. 6. Christian Humanism & spread of handbooks/manuals (scholarly base) & devotional materials. A balance b/w FAITH & REASON = goal. Crisis of Authority: Breakdown of Christendom Great Schism (1378-1417) SUPPORT Avignon: Kingdoms of France, Two popes: Avignon & Rome.
    [Show full text]
  • Theological Studies, Inc
    theological VOLUME 36 Çf"| I f\ j Q Ç 1 NUMBER 2 ^LUvJIvT^ I > JUNE 1975 / ^ Published by Theological Studies, Inc. , I for the Theological Faculties of the Society of Jesus in the United States \ ) ( ^ ; i TABLE OF CONTENTS ARTICLES The Decision for Celibacy Roger Balducelli, O.S.F.S 219 , Apostolic Office: Sacrament of Christ j Edward J. Kilmartin, S J 243 Eucharistie Epiclesis: Myopia or Microcosm? 1 John H. McKenna, CM 265 ' I The Concept of Satisfaction in Medieval Redemption Theory J. Patout Burns, S J 285 Abortion,. Animation, and Biological Hominization James J. Diamond, M.D 305 / [ NOTE i Conclusions regarding the Female Diaconate Peter Hünermann 325 \\ J BOOK REVIEWS 334 WOLFF, H. W. : Hosea: Commentary on the Book of the Prophet Hosea The Jewish People in the First Century (ed. S. Safrai and M. Stern) GOULD ER, M. D.: Midrash and Lection in Matthew LANE, W. L.: Commentary on the Gospel of Mark FESTUGIÈRE, A.-J.: Observations stylistiques sur Vêvangile de s. Jean FORESTELL, J. T., C.S.B. : The Word of the Cross: Salvation as Revelation in the Fourth Gospel PELIKAN, J.: The Spirit of Eastern Christendom (600-1700) MCNEILL, J. T.: The Celtic Churches: A History A.D. 200 to 1200 RITTER, A. M. : Charisma im Verständnis des Joannes Chrysostomos und seiner Zeit LAPSANSKI, D. V., O.F.M. : Perfectio evangelica HELLMAN, A. J. W., O.F.M.CONV.: Ordo: Untersuchung eines Grundge­ dankens in der Theologie Bonaventuras TREXLER, H. C: The Spiritual Power: Republican Florence under Interdict RICHARD, L. J.: The Spirituality of John Calvin HOLIFIELD, E.
    [Show full text]
  • Bartolomé De Las Casas, Soldiers of Fortune, And
    HONOR AND CARITAS: BARTOLOMÉ DE LAS CASAS, SOLDIERS OF FORTUNE, AND THE CONQUEST OF THE AMERICAS Dissertation Submitted To The College of Arts and Sciences of the UNIVERSITY OF DAYTON In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for The Degree Doctor of Philosophy in Theology By Damian Matthew Costello UNIVERSITY OF DAYTON Dayton, Ohio August 2013 HONOR AND CARITAS: BARTOLOMÉ DE LAS CASAS, SOLDIERS OF FORTUNE, AND THE CONQUEST OF THE AMERICAS Name: Costello, Damian Matthew APPROVED BY: ____________________________ Dr. William L. Portier, Ph.D. Committee Chair ____________________________ Dr. Sandra Yocum, Ph.D. Committee Member ____________________________ Dr. Kelly S. Johnson, Ph.D. Committee Member ____________________________ Dr. Anthony B. Smith, Ph.D. Committee Member _____________________________ Dr. Roberto S. Goizueta, Ph.D. Committee Member ii ABSTRACT HONOR AND CARITAS: BARTOLOMÉ DE LAS CASAS, SOLDIERS OF FORTUNE, AND THE CONQUEST OF THE AMERICAS Name: Costello, Damian Matthew University of Dayton Advisor: Dr. William L. Portier This dissertation - a postcolonial re-examination of Bartolomé de las Casas, the 16th century Spanish priest often called “The Protector of the Indians” - is a conversation between three primary components: a biography of Las Casas, an interdisciplinary history of the conquest of the Americas and early Latin America, and an analysis of the Spanish debate over the morality of Spanish colonialism. The work adds two new theses to the scholarship of Las Casas: a reassessment of the process of Spanish expansion and the nature of Las Casas’s opposition to it. The first thesis challenges the dominant paradigm of 16th century Spanish colonialism, which tends to explain conquest as the result of perceived religious and racial difference; that is, Spanish conquistadors turned to military force as a means of imposing Spanish civilization and Christianity on heathen Indians.
    [Show full text]
  • Constructing 'Race': the Catholic Church and the Evolution of Racial Categories and Gender in Colonial Mexico, 1521-1700
    CONSTRUCTING ‘RACE’: THE CATHOLIC CHURCH AND THE EVOLUTION OF RACIAL CATEGORIES AND GENDER IN COLONIAL MEXICO, 1521-1700 _______________ A Dissertation Presented to The Faculty of the Department of History University of Houston _______________ In Partial Fulfillment Of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy _______________ By Alexandria E. Castillo August, 2017 i CONSTRUCTING ‘RACE’: THE CATHOLIC CHURCH AND THE EVOLUTION OF RACIAL CATEGORIES AND GENDER IN COLONIAL MEXICO, 1521-1700 _______________ An Abstract of a Dissertation Presented to The Faculty of the Department of History University of Houston _______________ In Partial Fulfillment Of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy _______________ By Alexandria E. Castillo August, 2017 ii ABSTRACT This dissertation examines the role of the Catholic Church in defining racial categories and construction of the social order during and after the Spanish conquest of Mexico, then New Spain. The Catholic Church, at both the institutional and local levels, was vital to Spanish colonization and exercised power equal to the colonial state within the Americas. Therefore, its interests, specifically in connection to internal and external “threats,” effected New Spain society considerably. The growth of Protestantism, the Crown’s attempts to suppress Church influence in the colonies, and the power struggle between the secular and regular orders put the Spanish Catholic Church on the defensive. Its traditional roles and influence in Spanish society not only needed protecting, but reinforcing. As per tradition, the Church acted as cultural center once established in New Spain. However, the complex demographic challenged traditional parameters of social inclusion and exclusion which caused clergymen to revisit and refine conceptions of race and gender.
    [Show full text]